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Journal articles on the topic 'Question Decomposition Meaning Representation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Wolfson, Tomer, Mor Geva, Ankit Gupta, et al. "Break It Down: A Question Understanding Benchmark." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (July 2020): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00309.

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Understanding natural language questions entails the ability to break down a question into the requisite steps for computing its answer. In this work, we introduce a Question Decomposition Meaning Representation (QDMR) for questions. QDMR constitutes the ordered list of steps, expressed through natural language, that are necessary for answering a question. We develop a crowdsourcing pipeline, showing that quality QDMRs can be annotated at scale, and release the Break dataset, containing over 83K pairs of questions and their QDMRs. We demonstrate the utility of QDMR by showing that (a) it can b

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2

Cotterell, Ryan, and Hinrich Schütze. "Joint Semantic Synthesis and Morphological Analysis of the Derived Word." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00003.

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Much like sentences are composed of words, words themselves are composed of smaller units. For example, the English word questionably can be analyzed as question+ able+ ly. However, this structural decomposition of the word does not directly give us a semantic representation of the word’s meaning. Since morphology obeys the principle of compositionality, the semantics of the word can be systematically derived from the meaning of its parts. In this work, we propose a novel probabilistic model of word formation that captures both the analysis of a word w into its constituent segments and the syn

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Акімова, Наталія. "ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РОЗУМІННЯ ТЕКСТУ". Psychology of Personality 9, № 1 (2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/ps.9.1.76-82.

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Стаття присвячено обґрунтуванню психологічного механізму розуміння тексту на основі узагальнення ґрунтовних сучасних розробок з указаної тематики. Зазначено, що питання про механізм розуміння тексту ще не отримало вичерпної відповіді. Найчастіше для пояснення психологічного механізму розуміння тексту використовують теорію гіпотез, теорію спільності значення, гіпотезу біологічної і функціональної схожості приписування значень, модель контекстуального семантичного обмеження слів, гіпотезу релевантності контексту, теорію дзеркальних нейронів та концепцію свідомого смислотворення. Проте використ

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Oh, Dongsuk, Jungwoo Lim, Kinam Park, and Heuiseok Lim. "Semantic Representation Using Sub-Symbolic Knowledge in Commonsense Reasoning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189202.

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The commonsense question and answering (CSQA) system predicts the right answer based on a comprehensive understanding of the question. Previous research has developed models that use QA pairs, the corresponding evidence, or the knowledge graph as an input. Each method executes QA tasks with representations of pre-trained language models. However, the ability of the pre-trained language model to comprehend completely remains debatable. In this study, adversarial attack experiments were conducted on question-understanding. We examined the restrictions on the question-reasoning process of the pre

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La Barre, Kathryn. "Returning the (faceted) gaze: Reflections on representation, meaning and form." NASKO 3, no. 1 (2011): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v3i1.12797.

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This brief position paper is the central narrative in a theoretic-historical triptych. The first two documents: A (Faceted) Semantic Web? (La Barre, 2011) and Traditions of Facet Theory or a Garden of Forking Paths? (La Barre, forthcoming) amplify a question Brian Vickery posed to the author in 2005. The current proposal, deeply entwined in the same narrative, seeks to continue the agenda of articulation for a primarily North American audience. Instead of description and comparison, a starkly different analytical framework – Walter Benjamin’s notion of ‘aura’ – is deployed to interrogate facet

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Krugly, A. L. "THE RELATIONAL APPROACH TO THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF MEANING OF INFORMATION." Metaphysics, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2021-3-70-91.

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A mathematical model of the meaning of the signal is proposed. The meaning is not the signal itself, but its effect on the recipient. Under the action of the signal, the state of the receiver changes, which is the meaning of the signal. The most general mathematical model is the description of the recipient’s state with the help of some mathematical object, and the meaning is modeled by the action of some operator on this object. Various concrete formalisms are considered: abstract automata, matrix representation, algorithms, Markov chains, parameter spaces. The article deals with finite, coun

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Ristic, Stefan. "Why is substitutional theory of representation inconsistent when combined with traditional aesthetics? Review of A.C. Danto’s philosophy of art." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 29 (2006): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0629163r.

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This article intends to critically envisage limits and values of philosophy of art of Arthur Danto and to point out the main problems of the theory of supstitutional representation, when placed within wider theoretical frame of traditional aesthetics, such as the notion of meaning in the philosophy of art of Arthur Danto. The article focuses on the notions of exteral and interal representation and denotation of non-existent and existent entities substituted by representation. This article intends to question the validity of Danto?s position.

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Yang, Lei, Haonan Guo, Yu Dai, and Wanheng Chen. "A Method for Complex Question-Answering over Knowledge Graph." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 5055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085055.

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Knowledge Graph Question-Answering (KGQA) has gained popularity as an effective approach for information retrieval systems. However, answering complex questions involving multiple topic entities and multi-hop relations presents a significant challenge for model training. Moreover, existing KGQA models face difficulties in extracting constraint information from complex questions, leading to reduced accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we propose a three-part pipelined framework comprising question decomposition, constraint extraction, and question reasoning. Our approach employs a novel ques

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9

Sauerland, Uli, and Kazuko Yatsushiro. "Remind-Me Presuppositions and Speech-Act Decomposition: Evidence from Particles in Questions." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 4 (2017): 651–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00257.

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In this article, we investigate questions like What is your name again?, which presuppose that the answer was already made common-ground knowledge in the past ( Sauerland 2006 ). We call this a remind-me presupposition. While repetitive particles can trigger a remind-me presupposition in German and English, Japanese uses a specialized particle kke to bring about such a presupposition. We argue for an account of remind-me presuppositions based on syntactic decomposition of the question speech-act into an imperative part and a make-it-known part. On this account, the repetitive particles take sc

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Korochentseva, Anna, Elena Suroedova, Nelli Khachaturyan, and Oksana Nikolenko. "Pupil’s representation about the socio-psychological qualities of teachers in the process of effective meaning transmission." SHS Web of Conferences 70 (2019): 08020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197008020.

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In the article, the authors raise the question of the relationship between the pupils’ perception of the teacher and effective meaning transmission. The study identified socio-psychological qualities and non-verbal patterns of teacher behavior that influence the effectiveness of meaning from the point of view of students. Students prefer to come into contact, with a teacher who has characteristics such as sincerity, leadership, compassion, restraint, responsibility, kindness, cordiality and others. It is established that among the nonverbal patterns of behavior that contribute to the effective

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Lasnik, Howard. "Levels of Representation and Semantic Interpretation." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (2021): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id308.

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The nature of the relationship between sentence form and meaning has been an important concern in generative grammar from the inception of the program. Chomsky (1955) raised the question of whether transformations preserve meaning. The suggested answer was negative at that time, and the locus of interpretation was the T-marker, the entire derivational history. In the standard theory of Chomsky (1965), it was proposed, based on work of Katz, Fodor, and Postal, that Deep Structure, a level newly proposed in that work, is the locus of semantic interpretation, though it was acknowledged that quant

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Gildea, Daniel, Giorgio Satta, and Xiaochang Peng. "Ordered Tree Decomposition for HRG Rule Extraction." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 2 (2019): 339–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00350.

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We present algorithms for extracting Hyperedge Replacement Grammar (HRG) rules from a graph along with a vertex order. Our algorithms are based on finding a tree decomposition of smallest width, relative to the vertex order, and then extracting one rule for each node in this structure. The assumption of a fixed order for the vertices of the input graph makes it possible to solve the problem in polynomial time, in contrast to the fact that the problem of finding optimal tree decompositions for a graph is NP-hard. We also present polynomial-time algorithms for parsing based on our HRGs, where th

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Vatchev, Vesselin, and Robert Sharpley. "Decomposition of functions into pairs of intrinsic mode functions." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2097 (2008): 2265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0333.

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The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) arise as basic modes from the application of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to functions or signals. In this procedure, instantaneous frequencies are subsequently extracted from the IMFs by the simple application of the Hilbert transform, thereby providing a multiscale analysis of the signal's nonlinear phases. The beauty of this redundant representation method is in its simplicity and extraordinary effectiveness in many important and diverse settings. A fundamental issue in the field is to better understand these demonstrated qualities of the EMD pr

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Lannin, John K., Brian E. Townsend, Nathan Armer, Savanna Green, and Jessica Schneider. "Developing Meaning for Algebraic Symbols: Possibilities and Pitfalls." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 13, no. 8 (2008): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.13.8.0478.

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An important goal of school mathematics involves helping students use the powerful forms of representation that have been developed over the centuries through the work of mathematicians throughout the world. However, challenges exist in encouraging students to develop meaning for the mathematical symbols used in formal algebra. Research has demonstrated that students often fail to develop a deep understanding of the meaning of symbolic representations of variables (e.g., Booth 1984; Clement 1982), so much so that Thompson (1994) found that a limited understanding of the meaning of variables ne

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Alp, Kafiye Ozlem. "Unrepresented and ethical value in contemporary esthetical paradigms." Global Journal of Arts Education 6, no. 3 (2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v6i3.1701.

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It is not a new question whether art is an ontological field or an ethic value field. But when this question is asked, it is understood that it is closely related with several parameters such as what art and artist do and do not represent, ethics and readability of representation. Especially, whole art history made art works, artists and style of eras dependable on how to read what they represent and/or represented. All this representation character in some instance requires the implemented relation of art with reality and meaning to be dealt with both formal and ethic value. In this study, mo

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Puhl, Klaus. "… Perspicuous Representation and the Logic of." Grazer Philosophische Studien 71, no. 1 (2006): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-071001004.

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In what follows, I will concentrate on the type of temporality which structures Wittgenstein's method of a or of a (). I will argue that the temporal order which applies to (giving) a perspicuous representation is best to be described as retroactivity, deferred action or afterwardness (), a concept which calls into question the ordinary conception of time as a linear and irreversible process as well as of a clear break between present and past. First, I will turn to Sigmund Freud and the way he developed the concept of or retroactivity in some of his case-studies. The basic idea here is that t

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Young, Eric D. "Neural representation of spectral and temporal information in speech." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1493 (2007): 923–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2151.

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Speech is the most interesting and one of the most complex sounds dealt with by the auditory system. The neural representation of speech needs to capture those features of the signal on which the brain depends in language communication. Here we describe the representation of speech in the auditory nerve and in a few sites in the central nervous system from the perspective of the neural coding of important aspects of the signal. The representation is tonotopic, meaning that the speech signal is decomposed by frequency and different frequency components are represented in different populations o

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Zdrazilova, Lenka, David M. Sidhu, and Penny M. Pexman. "Communicating abstract meaning: concepts revealed in words and gestures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1752 (2018): 20170138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0138.

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Abstract words refer to concepts that cannot be directly experienced through our senses (e.g. truth , morality ). How we ground the meanings of abstract words is one of the deepest problems in cognitive science today. We investigated this question in an experiment in which 62 participants were asked to communicate the meanings of words (20 abstract nouns, e.g. impulse ; 10 concrete nouns, e.g. insect ) to a partner without using the words themselves (the taboo task). We analysed the speech and associated gestures that participants used to communicate the meaning of each word in the taboo task.

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Rhaif, Bashaer, and Azhar Obaid. "Self- representation in Biden's Speech on Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 56 (2023): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2023/v1.i56.11642.

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The current study is A critical Discourse Analysis to the Self-representation in Joe Biden's speech ''On fighting the COVID-19 pandemic''. The problem of study lies in the scarcity of the studies that tackle the self-representation in Biden's speeches about the Covid-19 rescue plan. The study attempts to answer the following question: what are the self-representation strategies used by Biden ''on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic'' . It has hypothesized that certain self-representation strategies are adopted on three levels of analysis: the meaning level, the argumentative level and the rhetorica

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Prusinowski, Piotr. "Reprezentacja pracodawcy w ujęciu podmiotowym." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 113 (September 12, 2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.113.7.

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SUBJECTIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE EMPLOYERThe way that employers are represented in the literature and court decisions in labour law is the subject of lively discussion. Its foundation is the unclear content and structure of article 3 of the Labour Code. While in the case of organizational units it seems that the regulation is complete, for individuals with employer status it is problematic. Regardless of this problem, a question arises concerning the contradictory meaning of the employer’s representation described in the provisions of the Civil Code. This issue becomes ev

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Berent, Iris, Joseph Tzelgov, and Uri Bibi. "The autonomous computation of morpho-phonological structure in reading." Mental Lexicon 1, no. 2 (2006): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.1.2.03ber.

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Is morphological decomposition automatic? To address this question, we examine whether Hebrew readers decompose morphologically complex words when reading is not required, in the Stroop task. Morphological decomposition is assessed using two markers. One marker examines whether color-naming is modulated by morphologically complex words generated from color roots. For example, we compare words generated from the Hebrew root of “blue” displayed in either blue or an incongruent color. The second marker examines whether color-naming is sensitive to root phonotactics. Here we compare color-naming w

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Dölling, Johannes. "Reinterpretations in adverbal modification : a general approach." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 17 (January 1, 2000): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.17.2000.39.

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This paper is concerned with the fact that a number of adverbal modifications involve a systematic reinterpretation of at least one of the expressions connected by the operation in question. It offers an approach in which such transfers of meaning turn out to be a result of contextually controlled enrichments of an underspecified as well as a strictly compositionally structured semantic representation. The approach proposed is general for three reasons: First, it takes into account not only reinterpretations in temporal but also such in non-temporal modification. Second, it allows considering

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Słodczyk, Rozalia. "Nieprzezroczystość ekfrazy: reprezentowanie, zapośredniczanie i przekład w opisach artefaktów." Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2018.29.5.

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The article concentrates on the non-transparency of ekphrasis, including the relevance - in the case of a full, in-depth analysis of particular ekphrasis - not only of the description but also of the artefact itself. The text reflects upon subjects rarely dealt with in ekphrasis research, such as on the meaning and relations of the concepts ‘presentation’ and ‘representation’. There is a focus on the question of multi-layered mediation, which is related to this discourse figure: through language, through the viewer’s perspective who writes about the work, through the reader themself, and also,

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Gamba, Ezio. "The Artistic Representation of Jesus in Hermann Cohen's Aesthetics." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 3 (2021): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-3-404-419.

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Cohen deals with the question of the possibility for art to represent God or the divine in some of his works, throughout all his philosophical production, but obviously above all in his main aesthetic work, sthetik des reinen Gefhls (1912). We can state that in Cohen's works this problem is posed with reference to three different religious fields: Greek polytheism, Jewish monotheism and Christianity. The topic of this essay will be Cohen's thought about the artistic representation of the divine in Christianity or in Christian art through the representation of Jesus. This topic will be examined

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25

Busacchi, Vinicio. "HISTORICAL FACTUALITY AND REPRESENTATION." SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART 1, no. 1 (2019): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/ssa2019/issue1.02.

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Historical facts are not objects; rather, they are representational processes within other processes that also produced objects and left traces. These latter ones are themselves not historical facts either but are the same as historical facts in a given time and acquire meaning and significance with respect to that particular time. Therefore, the ‘historical-real’ is constitutively representational and constitutively temporal because it is a process. The question of what is a given truth in history then becomes the dilemma of creating a representative reconstruction of the process of (past) ev

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DORR, BONNIE J., REBECCA J. PASSONNEAU, DAVID FARWELL, et al. "Interlingual annotation of parallel text corpora: a new framework for annotation and evaluation." Natural Language Engineering 16, no. 3 (2010): 197–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324910000070.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on an important step in the creation of a system of meaning representation and the development of semantically annotated parallel corpora, for use in applications such as machine translation, question answering, text summarization, and information retrieval. The work described below constitutes the first effort of any kind to annotate multiple translations of foreign-language texts with interlingual content. Three levels of representation are introduced: deep syntactic dependencies (IL0), intermediate semantic representations (IL1), and a normalized representation th

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SCHECHTER, J., and A. SUBBARAMAN. "SECOND ORDER “FLAVOR” PERTURBATION THEORY FOR THE BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 28 (1992): 7135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92003288.

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We argue that second order flavor perturbation theory may still have some interesting things to say about low energy QCD. Application is made to the technical, but important, question of cleanly extracting the quark mass difference ratio R= [ms−(md+mu)/2]/(md−mu) from the experimental baryon masses. We also give a group theoretical decomposition of the second order contributions according to the SU(3) representation of the intermediate states. This is used to provide constraints on quantum mechanics type models of the nucleon.

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Ali, Amjad. "Semantic and Pragmatic Structures in Chomsky’s Binding Theory." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. II (2021): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iii.320.

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The central question that this paper attempts is to describe the conditions under which the anaphor can be determined grammatically or contextually. The issue at hand is whether anaphoric forms can be distinguished from indexical ones within Binding theory. The syntactic representation of bindees are characterized by the use of indices. But what role does the context play in assigning co-referential or non-coreferential properties to anaphors? Furthermore, ellipses are also context-bound. An elliptical structure is indexical, rather than anaphoric. The study analyzes the syntactic structures o

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Purbasari, Sophia. "VISUAL SOCIAL SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS OF DIESEL DENIM ADVERTISING “BE STUPID”." ArtComm : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Desain 4, no. 2 (2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37278/artcomm.v4i2.433.

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Visual communication, especially advertising, must be multi-faceted and multidimensional in order to gain positive attention and response from the community. The ads must have a visual narrative composed of visual elements having their own meaning and forming the overall meaning for the visual narrative, both verbal or non-verbal. Visual narrative structure of the ads can be described and exposed through the decomposition of visual social semiotic interpretation seen from the relationship of visual elements in it so that it can be understood how the meaning is formed and the communication proc

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Bowen, Tracey, and M. Max Evans. "What does knowledge look like? Interpreting diagrams as contemporary hieroglyphics." Visual Communication 18, no. 4 (2018): 475–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357218775127.

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A significant challenge in interpreting and analyzing graphic representations is to understand the many reference points a graphically depicted object may have across its producer’s personal and cultural experiences. An individual’s exposure to socially constructed representations drives his or her propensity to use specific shared graphic objects, especially when attempting to articulate complex or abstract concepts. This multidisciplinary research study focuses on interpreting graphic representation types and analyzing the graphic objects individuals use to depict the abstract concept of kno

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Ojanguren López, Ana Elvira. "The lexical representation of English verbs of action. Complex predicates and structures." Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 14, no. 1 (2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2019.11080.

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<p>This article aims at proposing a lexical representation for a set of English verbs of action. The analysis is carried out on the grounds of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and includes aspects like <em>Aktionsart </em>type, macrorole and syntactic function assignment, linking, as well as nexus and juncture. Against this background, the meaning components of the verbs in question are analysed, in such a way that a logical structure based on a lexical representation is defined for each verbal class. Conclusions fall on both the descriptive and the theoretical side. From the

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Li, Ya Tao, Ke Zhao, Zhen Zhen Yi, and Pei Tao Cheng. "An Analysis of Verb Phase Based on Concept Model for Nature Language Understanding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.767.

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The traditional intelligent tutoring system as a web-based education tools used for adaptive learning can’t solve the encountered question in time while the student is learning with the absence of nature language understanding system. In this paper, a web-based intelligent tutoring system is firstly introduced to solve the encountered question in real time. Secondly, a concept model representing the concept connotation, the extension and the relation between them is presented to support the nature language understanding system in order to extract the question’s meaning. Furthermore, a knowledg

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Cavalleri, Matteo. "Block 21 and the Pensabilità of the Representation of Auschwitz." Images 6, no. 1 (2012): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340010.

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Abstract Building on the assumption that the Memorial in Honor of Italians Fallen in Nazi Extermination Camps (situated in Auschwitz I, Block 21) expresses the meta-reflexive inclination that strengthened the twentieth century (the capacity of that century to think of itself as a subject), this article aims to highlight and illustrate the dual philosophical significance of the Memorial. From the perspective of the philosophy of history, this philosophical significance, which has a symbolic value, leads us to investigate an organic and historically embodied conception of deportation. From the p

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GASOS, JORGE, and ANCA RALESCU. "ADAPTING QUERY REPRESENTATION TO IMPROVE RETRIEVAL IN A FUZZY DATABASE." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 03, no. 01 (1995): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488595000074.

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We present an adjustment-to-user facility of a facial images database system in order to improve retrieval performance. The system uses linguistic (qualitative) descriptions, both in the data model and in the query language. These descriptions are internally represented as fuzzy sets. As the same linguistic descriptions can be used by different users to describe different values, the need of adjusting fuzzy sets, such that the user’s meaning is represented arises. We provide a method which, upon repeated queries by the same user, finds the best representation (as fuzzy set) of the linguistic d

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Bogin, Ben, Sanjay Subramanian, Matt Gardner, and Jonathan Berant. "Latent Compositional Representations Improve Systematic Generalization in Grounded Question Answering." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (2021): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00361.

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Abstract Answering questions that involve multi-step reasoning requires decomposing them and using the answers of intermediate steps to reach the final answer. However, state-of-the-art models in grounded question answering often do not explicitly perform decomposition, leading to difficulties in generalization to out-of-distribution examples. In this work, we propose a model that computes a representation and denotation for all question spans in a bottom-up, compositional manner using a CKY-style parser. Our model induces latent trees, driven by end-to-end (the answer) supervision only. We sh

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Davidko, Natalya. "Intentionality and Conventional Meaning (Socio-Historical Approach)." Verbum 2 (February 6, 2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.2011.2.4959.

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Linguistic studies of collective consciousness are practically nonexistent though insightful ideas are found in works of many linguists (Chomsky 1985, Fowler 1996). The central tenet of this paper is that archetypes (mental representations of concepts in collective consciousness) are built around socially significant experiences of people and comprise meanings which incarnate collective sentiments and ideologies. The number and composition of such meanings can change and vary due to an interplay of environmental factors – social, political, economic, cultural, etc. – and can be drawn from disc

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HENNECKE, INGA. "The impact of pragmatic markers and hedging on sentence comprehension: a case study ofcommeandgenre." Journal of French Language Studies 27, no. 3 (2016): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269516000247.

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ABSTRACTCurrent research on conceptual and semantic representations is mainly based on prototypical word classes, such as nouns and verbs. Hence, most models of language processing and language representation rely on experimental investigations on these word classes. Until today, only a few psycholinguistic studies centre on the processing of pragmatic markers and hedges and their effect on speech comprehension. The present article aims to give experimental evidence for the processing of semantic meaning patterns and pragmatic functions of pragmatic markers. The focus will be on the question,

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Melo, Dora, Irene Pimenta Rodrigues, and Vitor Beires Nogueira. "Work Out the Semantic Web Search: The Cooperative Way." Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2012 (August 2, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/867831.

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We propose a Cooperative Question Answering System that takes as input natural language queries and is able to return a cooperative answer based on semantic web resources, more specifically DBpedia represented in OWL/RDF as knowledge base and WordNet to build similar questions. Our system resorts to ontologies not only for reasoning but also to find answers and is independent of prior knowledge of the semantic resources by the user. The natural language question is translated into its semantic representation and then answered by consulting the semantics sources of information. The system is ab

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Soto, David, Usman Ayub Sheikh, Ning Mei, and Roberto Santana. "Decoding and encoding models reveal the role of mental simulation in the brain representation of meaning." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (2020): 192043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192043.

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How the brain representation of conceptual knowledge varies as a function of processing goals, strategies and task-factors remains a key unresolved question in cognitive neuroscience. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, participants were presented with visual words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During shallow processing, participants had to read the items. During deep processing, they had to mentally simulate the features associated with the words. Multivariate classification, informational connectivity and encoding models were used to reveal how

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Temple, Bogusia. "Representation across languages: biographical sociology meets translation and interpretation studies." Qualitative Sociology Review 2, no. 1 (2006): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.2.1.02.

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Biographical approaches are increasingly being used with people who speak and write a range of languages. Even when an account is originally spoken, the final version usually ends up written in the language used by the majority of the population. Researchers have shown that adopting a language that is not the one an account was given in may change how someone is perceived. Yet little has been written by sociologists using biographical approaches about the implications of moving accounts across languages. Researchers within translation and interpretation studies are increasingly tackling issues

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Amaliah*, Nur Utami, and Endang Purwaningsih. "Analisis Pemahaman Konsep, Multirepresentasi, dan Kosistensi Jawaban Siswa SMA pada Konsep Hukum III Newton." Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia 9, no. 4 (2021): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v9i4.21223.

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Newton's third law is a fundamental concept of Physics that is still not reached by students. The tendency of students who do not understand the concept well can be observed by measuring the ability of multi-representation and solutions when solving Physics problems. Therefore, this study aims to determine the concept of Newton's third law understood by students, the multi-representation students have, and the consistency of students' answers in answering physics questions. The participants numbered 28 students from the second semester of high school, selected using the purposive sampling tech

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Андрей Александрович, Яковлев,. "THE WORD IS A BACKGROUND OF THE CONCEPT: ON EVALD ILYENKOV’S IDEAS IN LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 4(75) (December 8, 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2022.4.095.

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Согласно идеям Э.В. Ильенкова, наиболее конкретное в представлении оказывается наиболее абстрактным в мышлении. Но абстрактное или конкретное не нужны человеку как таковые, они обусловлены особенностями осуществляемой деятельности. Поэтому антропоцентрическое изучение языка рассматривает слово в контексте сознания и деятельности и должно основываться на соотношении абстрактного / конкретного в значении слова, с одной стороны, и деятельности, с другой. При антропоцентрическом подходе к языковым явлениям теряет смысл вопрос «Абстрактно или конкретно значение данного знака?». В данном случае целе

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Carlson, Thomas A., Ryan A. Simmons, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, and L. Robert Slevc. "The Emergence of Semantic Meaning in the Ventral Temporal Pathway." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 1 (2014): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00458.

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In the ventral visual pathway, early visual areas encode light patterns on the retina in terms of image properties, for example, edges and color, whereas higher areas encode visual information in terms of objects and categories. At what point does semantic knowledge, as instantiated in human language, emerge? We examined this question by studying whether semantic similarity in language relates to the brain's organization of object representations in inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of the brain at the crux of several proposals describing how the brain might represent conceptual knowledg

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Flath, Daniel E., and L. C. Biedenharn. "Beyond the Enveloping Algebra of sl3." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 37, no. 4 (1985): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1985-038-9.

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The problem which motivated the writing of this paper is that of finding structure behind the decomposition of the sl3 representation spaces V* ⊗ W = Hom(V, W) for finite dimensional irreducible sl3-modules V and W. For sl2 this extends the classical Clebsch-Gordon problem. The question has been considered for sl3 in a computational way in [5]. In this paper we build a conceptual algebraic framework going beyond the enveloping algebra of sl3.For each dominant integral weight α let Vα be an irreducible representation of sl3 of highest weight α. It is well known that, for weights α, μ, λ, the mu

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Tenser, Anton. "Semantic Map Borrowing – Case Representation in Northeastern Romani Dialects." Journal of Language Contact 9, no. 2 (2016): 211–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00902001.

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Recent studies in contact linguistics have emphasized the aspect of language-internal grammaticalization that is triggered by accommodation to an external (contact-language) model (e.g. Heine and Kuteva, 2005). This is based on the notion that speakers make use of the available resources in order to match them to those of the target language. A problematic issue is contact-induced change in the domain of case representation. Synthetic case markers are usually thought of as fully grammaticalized morphemes. If contact-induced grammaticalization is, as Heine and Kuteva suggest, much like monoling

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Wykes, Jackie. "‘I saw a knock-out’: Fatness, (In)visibility, and Desire in Shallow Hal." Somatechnics 2, no. 1 (2012): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2012.0040.

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When the Farrelly brothers' movie Shallow Hal (2001) was released, one reviewer suggested that the film ‘might have been more honest if [it] had simply made Hal have a thing about fat women’ ( Kerr 2002 : 44). In this paper, I argue that Kerr hits the mark but misses the point. While the film's treatment of fat is undoubtedly problematic, I propose a ‘queer’ reading of the film, borrowing the idea of ‘double coding’ to show a text about desire for fat (female) bodies. I am not, however, seeking to position Shallow Hal as a fat-positive text; rather, I use it as a starting point to explore the

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Larochelle, Pierre M., Andrew P. Murray, and Jorge Angeles. "A Distance Metric for Finite Sets of Rigid-Body Displacements via the Polar Decomposition." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 8 (2006): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2735640.

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An open research question is how to define a useful metric on the special Euclidean group SE(n) with respect to: (1) the choice of coordinate frames and (2) the units used to measure linear and angular distances that is useful for the synthesis and analysis of mechanical systems. We discuss a technique for approximating elements of SE(n) with elements of the special orthogonal group SO(n+1). This technique is based on using the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the polar decompositions (PD) of the homogeneous transform representation of the elements of SE(n). The embedding of the elements

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Mostýn, Martin. "Synonyme in Lexikon und Text. Eine metalexikografische und korpuslinguistische Analyse am Beispiel der Derivate Stimulation und Stimulierung." Acta Facultatis Philosophicae Universitatis Ostraviensis Studia Germanistica, no. 30 (September 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiagermanistica.2022.30.0001.

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This article deals with the derivatives Stimulation and Stimulierung from the perspective of synonymy. On the one hand, the lexicographic representation of their meaning in selected monolingual dictionaries is compared, and on the other hand, the derivatives are analysed and quantified from the point of view of their occurrence and co-occurrence in various language corpora, focusing on their use as competitive forms and their contextual features. This is done using metalexicographic and corpus linguistic methods. The question is examined to what extent both derivatives can substitute for each

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Buchheister, Gustavo Ramírez. "The 2018 Judgment by the European Court of Justice on Antarctic MPAS and Its Possible Significance to the Antarctic Treaty System." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 14, no. 1 (2023): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_014010009.

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The CJEU’s decision in the Antarctic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) case offered an opportunity to explore the area where EU Law and the Antarctic Treaty System overlap: in the forum of the CAMLR Commission. From the point of view of EU Law, CCAMLR is a so-called ‘mixed agreement’, meaning that its scope includes areas where both the European Union and its Member States are competent. This article explains how the Court resolved the question of the joint representation of a common standpoint in a forum where the Union has no autonomous position, and then goes on to explore the significance that

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Kaniewski, Jerzy. "Niemożliwa ale niezbędna? – wokół informacji historycznoliterackiej w szkole średniej." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Litterarum Polonarum et Linguae Polonae Pertinentia 12, no. 330 (2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20820909.12.2.

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This text is about the methods, employed in schools, of putting high school students in touch with cultural tradition. My interest in this issue is connected to the recent appearance of meaning of the “historical and literary order” in the 2018 syllabus, despite the fact that since 1990, the weight attributed to that meaning in syllabi has gradually shrunk, to almost completely disappear in 2002. To answer a question: “why is the history of literature needed to be taught in schools?”, I started my analysis from pointing out the disappearing trust in historical and literary syntheses. This trus

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