Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quenching operation

Academic literature on the topic 'Quenching operation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Quenching operation"

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Rapp, P. "Quenching gases for limited-streamer operation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 244, no. 3 (April 1986): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)91064-8.

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Slama, Salma, Mahmoud Bouhafs, Jamel Bessrour, Moez Ben Jaber, and Hassan Mokdadi. "Numerical simulation of heat transfer during leaf spring industrial quenching process." Mechanics & Industry 19, no. 3 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2018013.

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This study is carried out in partnership with the company CAVEO, manufacturer of leaf springs for vehicles. It concerns the development of a numerical model intended to follow the space-time temperature evolution of a leaf during two processing operations: hot cambering and quenching. This leaf is of a parabolic profile, made of EN-51CrV4 steel (AISI-6150). After austenitization, it passes through a cambering operation to confer it the desired deflection and then a quenching operation. This quenching is carried out in an oil bath to achieve better mechanical properties. The prediction of the temperature during quenching involves determining the heat transfer coefficient between the leaf and the oil bath. This coefficient is determined by quenching, under the same conditions as the leaf, using a standard probe of the same steel. The numerical model is based on the resolution of the transient heat equation by considering the heat loss flows towards the heterogeneous environment (ambient air, press contact and quenching oil). The results obtained by this model give the space-time temperature evolution of the leaf from the exit of the heating furnace to the exit of the oil bath. The numerical results are compared to the experimental profiles obtained through thermographic images throughout cambering and quenching operations. These results are consistent with experimental results.
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Kayed, Somaya, Sherif Saleh, and Heba Shawkey. "ULP Super Regenerative Transmitter with Digital Quenching Signal Controller." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197123.

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This paper demonstrates an on–off keying (OOK) super-regenerative quenching transmitter operating in 402–405 MHz MICs band applications. To reduce power consumption, the transmitter is controlled by a novel digital quenching signal controller that generates a digital control signal to start transmitter operation when a baseband signal is input to the transmitter. The digital signal controller consists of an envelope detector, a comparator, and a quench timer designed using a state machine to synchronize the operation between the digital controller and the input baseband signal. The transmitter consists of a Colpitts oscillator operating in double operating frequency followed by a frequency divider by 2; this configuration reduces system area and improves phase noise and signal spectrum. The proposed transmitter is implemented using UMC 130 nm CMOS technology and a 1.2 V supply. Simulation shows that the proposed transmitter can meet MICS band mask specifications with data rates up to 1 Mbps and total power dissipation of 537 uW.
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Estey, C. M., S. L. Cockcroft, D. M. Maijer, and C. Hermesmann. "Constitutive behaviour of A356 during the quenching operation." Materials Science and Engineering: A 383, no. 2 (October 2004): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.004.

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Bogdanova, N., A. Kuzmin, and D. Tretyakov. "Study of cooling properties new quenching media." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/3/032063.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of testing the cooling capacity of a number of quenching oils using the device “IVF SMART QUENCH” of the company [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] IVF [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] (Sweden). The tests were carried out in order to expand the range of suppliers, to find alternative quenching media that match the cooling characteristics of traditionally used quenching oils. Both new and traditionally used quenching oils for volumetric quenching were tested. The cooling capacity characteristics of the Voltes 16 and Voltes 26 quenching oils were tested in comparison with the Thermo Oil 16 and Thermo Oil 26 oils used. The characteristics of Thermo Oil 16 and Thermo Oil 26 quenching oils in the “before operation” state (selected from storage tanks) were evaluated, and in the “during operation” state (selected directly from the quenching tanks). Based on the results obtained, the quenching media Thermo Oil 16 and Thermo Oil 26 produced by “TNK Lubricants” LLC in Ryazan are recommended for further practical use. The paper uses methods of statistical data processing to determine the characteristics of the stability of technological processes - the reliability and suitability indices.
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Gilles, J., B. Bourouga, and A. Sorin. "Quenching operation of aluminum alloys: measurements and numerical simulations." Revue de Métallurgie 101, no. 9 (September 2004): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2004105.

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Hu, Chong, Teh Hua Ju, and Yong Yao. "Single-Element Passive Quenching with Active Reset Circuit for Single Photon Avalanche Diodes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3709.

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A single-element passive quenching with active reset (PQAR) circuit is proposed. Its operation mechanism is studied in theory to show that this single element, based on thyristor, can provide similar function of quenching and reset for the free-running Geiger-mode operation of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) as the conventional PQAR circuits, but with significant simplicity. Requirement for the thyristor is identified, and an InP sample was designed, fabricated and characterized. Future work for further demonstration is also discussed.
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Jeon, Yongjun, Hyunseok Choi, and Dongearn Kim. "Forming a Flanged Hole When Quenching Press-Hardened Steel for Mechanical Fastening." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050721.

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The recent stringent regulations on vehicle safety and reducing CO2 emissions have led to a continuous increase in the application of press-hardened steel (PHS) in automobiles. Similar to other high-strength steels, assembling PHS components using the common welding techniques employed in automotive production lines is significantly difficult because of the surface coating layers and the additives within. This difficulty in post-processing, attributed to its high strength, also limits the mechanical fastening of PHS components. Therefore, this study aims to develop a process for forming a structure enabling mechanical fastening by sequentially applying piercing and hole-flanging operations during the hot stamping process. Our experimental apparatus was designed to perform the hole-flanging operation after the piercing operation within a single stroke at a specific temperature during the quenching process of PHS. At high temperatures of 440 °C or higher, the hole-flanging process was conducted in a direction opposite to that of the piercing operation for creating the pilot hole. An extruded collar with a height of 8.0 mm and a diameter of 17.5 mm was achieved, which is hole expansion ratio(HER) of 82.5%.
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Zhang, Shi Sheng, Zhe Liu, and Zhao Xiang Zeng. "Systemic Design of Four Vat Energy-Saving Quenching Machine Controller." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1138.

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Quenching is the technology that a metal work piece heated to propriety temperature for a while is being put into quenching medium suddenly. Quenching can improve the rigidity and abrasion resistance of metal. Making use of PLC to control quenching process, the quenching has simple technology, cheap price, stable function and convenient operation. This quenching system constitutes heating system, quenching liquid cycle system, hydraulic pressure system and electric control system. The quenching machine control system introduced in this thesis has three control modes, Manual, Auto and Try-piece designed utilized S7-PLC. This system can rise and fall worktable, clamp and relax work piece, sway forward and backwards, unload-work piece control high degree by approach-switch, produce many kinds of auto-spring plate, meet the requirement of auto-spring plate nowadays. It is presented in this thesis detailed, control-demand, element list for electric control, I/O distribute list, control LAD and improved measure for system in the end.
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Wang, Jian-Guo, Yu Wang, Yuan Yao, Bang-Hua Yang, and Shi-Wei Ma. "Stacked autoencoder for operation prediction of coke dry quenching process." Control Engineering Practice 88 (July 2019): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.04.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quenching operation"

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Powell, Robert R. "Quenching the Phoenix : Air Force SOF and the Phoenix cycle /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=4ef2c381-2cf7-4d8f-be81-77c67b9ec923&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Kim, Jun Beom. "Quenching behavior in a NB₃Al superconducting coil operating in the temperature range of 4.2 to 12K." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38109.

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Sauvy, Paul. "Étude de quelques problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques quasi-linéaires avec singularités." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3020/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine mathématique de l’analyse des équations aux dérivées partielles non-linéaires. Plus précisément, nous avons fait ici l’étude de problèmes quasi-linéaires singuliers. Le terme "singulier" fait référence à l’intervention d’une non-linéarité qui explose au bord du domaine où ’équation est posée. La présence d’une telle singularité entraîne un manque de régularité et donc de compacité des solutions qui ne nous permet pas d’appliquer directement les méthodes classiques de l’analyse non-linéaire pour démontrer l’existence de solutions et discuter des propriétés de régularité et de comportement asymptotique de ces solutions. Pour contourner cette difficulté, nous sommes amenés à établir des estimations a priori très fines au voisinage du bord du domaine en combinant diverses méthodes : méthodes de monotonie (reliée au principe du maximum), méthodes variationnelles, argument de convexité, méthodes de point fixe et semi-discrétisation en temps. A travers, l’étude de trois problèmes-modèle faisant intervenir l’opérateur p-Laplacien, nous avons montré comment ces différentes méthodes pouvaient être mises en œuvre. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus sont décrits dans les trois chapitres de cette thèse : Dans le Chapitre I, nous avons étudié un problème d’absorption elliptique singulier. En utilisant des méthodes de sur- et sous solutions et des méthodes variationnelles, nous établissons des résultats d’existence de solutions. Par des méthodes de comparaison locale, nous démontrons également la propriété de support compact de ces solutions, pour de fortes singularités. Dans le Chapitre II, nous étudions le cas d’un système d’équations quasi-linéaires singulières. Par des arguments de point fixe et de monotonie, nous démontrons deux résultats généraux d’existence de solutions. Dans un deuxième temps, nous faisons une analyse plus détaillée de systèmes du type Gierer-Meinhardt modélisant des phénomènes biologiques. Des résultats d’unicité ainsi que des estimations précises sur le comportement des solutions sont alors obtenus. Dans le Chapitre III, nous faisons l’étude d’un problème d’absorption, parabolique singulier. Nous établissons par une méthode de semi-discrétisation en temps des résultats d’existence de solutions. Grâce à des inégalités d’énergie, nous démontrons également l’extinction en temps fini de ces solutions
This thesis deals with the mathematical field of nonlinear partial differential equations analysis. More precisely, we focus on quasilinear and singular problems. By singularity, we mean that the problems that we have considered involve a nonlinearity in the equation which blows-up near the boundary. This singular pattern gives rise to a lack of regularity and compactness that prevent the straightforward applications of classical methods in nonlinear analysis used for proving existence of solutions and for establishing the regularity properties and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions. To overcome this difficulty, we establish estimations on the precise behavior of the solutions near the boundary combining several techniques : monotonicity method (related to the maximum principle), variational method, convexity arguments, fixed point methods and semi-discretization in time. Throughout the study of three problems involving the p-Laplacian operator, we show how to apply this different methods. The three chapters of this dissertation the describes results we get :– In Chapter I, we study a singular elliptic absorption problem. By using sub- and super-solutions and variational methods, we prove the existence of the solutions. In the case of a strong singularity, by using local comparison techniques, we also prove that the compact support of the solution. In Chapter II, we study a singular elliptic system. By using fixed point and monotonicity arguments, we establish two general theorems on the existence of solution. In a second time, we more precisely analyse the Gierer-Meinhardt systems which model some biological phenomena. We prove some results about the uniqueness and the precise behavior of the solutions. In Chapter III, we study a singular parabolic absorption problem. By using a semi-discretization in time method, we establish the existence of a solution. Moreover, by using differential energy inequalities, we prove that the solution vanishes in finite time. This phenomenon is called "quenching"
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曾晨婷. "Development of the Model Predictive Control for Coke Dry Quenching System Operation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40426183336741663920.

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Jing-Jia, Shen, and 沈敬家. "Finite Element Analysis and Die Design for the Hot Stamping Process with Tailored Die Quenching Operation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qfdf34.

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碩士
國立交通大學
機械工程系所
105
Energy saving and carbon reduction are the main goals of industries all over the world. Automotive industry aims at cutting carbon dioxide emissions under the premise of the vehicle safety standards by utilizing the ultra high strength steels. However, the forming of the ultra high strength steels in room temperature will induce some problems such as the tendency to springback and fracture. In order to overcome these defects, the hot stamping process has been developed. High temperature in hot stamping process are able to soften the steel and solve the defects. The tensile strength of hot stamped steels can exceed 1500MPa by transforming the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure to the high strength martensitic microstructure. With the development of high-strength steels, each country establishes higher vehicle safety standards. The design of vehicle parts pursues not only high strength but also the ability to absorb impact energy. Thus, the tailored blanks are applied to meet those demands. The research uses the finite element analysis software DEFORM to establish the tailor die quenching process model for the hat-shape part which has B-pillar’s characteristics, and the influence of the process parameters on the strength of the hot stmap product was discussed. The design parameters of the die heating system were also discussed. The previous results are introduced into the U-shaped model for tailor die quenching process, and compare the result with constant die temperature model. The results show that the hot stamp product of die heating system got uniform hardness distribution, which is similar to the hot stamp product of constant die temperature model. Only the width of transition zone is increased. The result shows that the die heating system design parameters in this study are able to improve the strength distribution of tailor die quenching product and can be used as a initial die design reference.
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Books on the topic "Quenching operation"

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Röhm, André. Dynamic Scenarios in Two-State Quantum Dot Lasers: Excited State Lasing, Ground State Quenching, and Dual-Mode Operation. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, 2015.

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Röhm, André. Dynamic Scenarios in Two-State Quantum Dot Lasers: Excited State Lasing, Ground State Quenching, and Dual-Mode Operation. Springer Spektrum, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Quenching operation"

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Wang, Liliang, Jun Liu, and Jianguo Lin. "Hot Stamping of Complex-Shaped High-Strength Aluminum Components." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000228.

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Aluminum alloy components are important contribution to lightweight transportations for improving energy efficiency. However, formability of aluminum alloys at room temperature often hinders their further applications in the automotive, rail, or aerospace industries. The solution heat treatment, forming, and in-die quenching (HFQ®) process is an advanced forming technology that performs both forming and heat treatment simultaneously in a single operation. Since its inception, a significant amount of research has been made on the process to develop it further and to assess the feasibility of using it to form components with increasingly complicated geometries, from a growing variety of alloys. This entry summarizes the HFQ® research work, with the emphasis on the development, modeling, and applications of the technology for stamping complex-shaped high-strength aluminum panel components.
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Sankaralingam, Pugalanthipandian, Poornimadevi Sakthivel, and Vijayakumar Chinnaswamy Thangavel. "Novel Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering." In Biomimetics - Bridging the Gap [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106255.

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Novel metal oxide-doped fluorophosphates nano-glass powders were synthesized by melt quenching method, and their non-toxicity is proved by MTT. Their efficacy in bone formation is confirmed by osteocalcin and ALP secretion. Composites were made using PLA, PDLLA, PPF, or 1,2-diol with fluorophosphates nano-glass powders (AgFp/MgFp/ZnFp). Their non-toxicity was assessed by cell adhesion and MTT. The ability of the composite for bioconversion was assessed by RT-PCR estimation for osteocalcin, Collagen II, RUNX2, Chondroitin sulfate, and ALP secretion accessed by ELISA method. The animal study in rabbit showed good callus formation by bioconduction and bioinduction. The bioconversion of the composite itself was proved by modified Tetrachrome staining. From the 12 different composites with different composition, the composite PPF+PDLLA+PPF+ZnFp showed the best results. These obtained results of the composites made from common biological molecules are better than the standards and so they do biomimic as bone substitutes. The composites can be made as strips or granules or cylinders and will be a boon to the operating surgeon. The composite meets nearly all the requirements for bone tissue engineering and nullifies the defect in the existing ceramic composites.
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Conference papers on the topic "Quenching operation"

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Grandhi, Ramana V., and Zhichao Li. "Heat Treatment Process and Parameter Design in Manufacturing." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2172.

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Abstract The heat treatment operation which is carried out post manufacturing is optimized. Simulation of the carburizing and quenching processes with parameter optimization are combined to attain the desired surface hardness with controlled distortion of final products. Parameters of interest for optimization include, the carbon content of gas, carburizing dwell time, material temperature before quenching, quenchant temperature and the heat transfer coefficient. The response surface method is used to obtain closed-form models of the objective (surface hardness) and the two constraints (hardness variance and physical distortion) in terms of the design variables. A finite element simulation tool is used to predict the material response (volume fraction of different phases, temperature and stress/strain) during the carburizing and quenching processes. This paper summarizes the methodology that is used to optimize the carburizing and quenching processes of an axisymmetric disk.
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Wang, Jian-Guo, Zhi-Duo Cao, Li-Lan Liu, Bang-Hua Yang, Shi-Wei Ma, Min-Rui Fei, Zhi-Fu Deng, Yuan Yao, and Yi-Ping Wu. "A soft sensing method for operation optimization of coke dry quenching process." In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027824.

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Tosi, Alberto, Andrea Gallivanoni, Franco Zappa, and Sergio Cova. "Gated operation of InGaAs SPADs with active quenching and fast timing circuits." In Optics East 2006, edited by Wolfgang Becker. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.685808.

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Yamamoto, Toshiya, Kazuaki Arii, Huhetaoli, Shinta Niimoto, Mitsuru Ohata, Tetsuya Tagawa, and Fumiyoshi Minami. "Investigation of Bulging Behavior of Coke Drum: A Practical Analysis of Bulging Under Complex Quench Conditions." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57428.

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Coke drums undergo cyclic operations typically in the temperature range from room temperature to about 500°C (930°F). During quenching, the coke drum is inevitably subjected to a rapid drop in temperature because cooling water is injected directly into the coke drum through the bottom inlet nozzle. The temperature profile on the shell surface is uneven during quenching, and can vary in each cycle of the quenching operation. Such a complicated thermal profile induces large strains in the shell portion of the coke drum, and eventually causes damage like bulging and/or cracking. The authors have investigated the bulging behavior of the coke drum by the thermal elastic-plastic FE-analysis, considering the existence of the overmatch welds and uneven temperature field during quenching [1]. In this paper, a practical FE-analysis is developed to estimate the complex strain that leads to bulging under uneven temperature fields during quenching. The actual temperature and strain data during operation are collected by thermocouples and high temperature strain gauges. A thermal analysis model, including an evaluation of boiling heat transfer on the shell’s inner surface, is established to simulate the measured shell behavior of the coke drum. By utilizing this FE-analysis model, several parameters thought of as causal factors in bulging can be examined under the uneven temperature profile that is likely to occur during actual operation. This analytical approach can also provide effective technique for improvements in shell durability.
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Ohata, Mitsuru, Nana Kawai, Tetsuya Tagawa, Fumiyoshi Minami, Toshiya Yamamoto, Kazuaki Arii, and Shinta Niimoto. "Investigation of Bulging Behavior of Coke Drum: Feasible Study on Causes of Bulging." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57276.

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Coke drums undergo cyclic operations typically in the temperature range from ambient temperature to about 500°C (930°F). During quenching, the coke drum is inevitably subjected to a rapid drop in temperature because cooling water is injected directly into the coke drum through the bottom inlet nozzle. The temperature profile on the shell surface is no more uneven in quenching, and can vary in each cycle of quenching operation. Such complicate thermal profile induces large strains in the shell portion of the coke drum, and eventually causes damage like bulging or cracking. This study makes investigations into the bulging behavior of the coke drum by the thermal elastic-plastic FE-analysis. In this work, a feasible study is conducted on potential causes of bulging. As factors inducing a heterogeneous plasticity in the shell structure of the coke drum, the strength overmatch of welds and the uneven temperature field in quenching as well as quenching conditions are focused.
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Wang, Jian-Guo, Jing-Hui Zhao, Tiao Shen, Shi-Wei Ma, Yuan Yao, Tao Chen, Bing Shen, and Yi-Ping Wu. "Deep learning-based soft-sensing method for operation optimization of coke dry quenching process." In 2016 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2016.7554805.

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Gilles, Jerome, Brahim Bourouga, Jean Pierre Bardon, and Arthur Cantarel. "Estimation of the part-bath heat transfer coefficient during a quenching operation of aluminium work pieces." In International Heat Transfer Conference 12. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc12.3500.

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Reardon, Arthur C., Andrew Freborg, Zhichao (Charlie) Li, and Lynn Ferguson. "Investigating a Die Quench Cracking Problem in 52100 Steel Bearing Rings With Computer Simulation." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8739.

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Quenching using a press with controlled die loads, commonly referred to as press quenching, is a specialized technique used to minimize distortion of critical components such as gears and high quality bearing races. Improper press load magnitudes or timing of the load application may restrict part movement during quenching to the point of imposing stresses that cause cracking, especially in a common bearing steel such as AISI 52100, high carbon, high strength steel. This paper applies a finite element based heat treat simulation tool, DANTE®, to investigate the sensitivity of cracking to press quenching process parameters. The typical method for designing a press quench process to control flatness, out-of-round, and taper is by experience coupled with trial-and-error. This is accomplished by adjusting oil flow rates, flow directions, die loads, and the timing of die loads. Metallurgical phase transformations occur during the quenching process as austenite transforms to martensite and possibly to diffusive phases. Thermal contraction due to cooling and volumetric expansion due to the phase changes therefore occur simultaneously during the heat treating process. A constantly changing stress state is present in the part, and improperly applied die loads, oil flow or oil flow rate can add additional stress to result in cracking. An inconsistent cracking problem in an AISI 52100 bearing ring was evaluated using production trials, but the process statistics were not conclusive in identifying the source of the problem. Heat treatment process modeling using DANTE was used to investigate the effects of quench rate, die load pulsing, and several other process variables to determine how these parameters impact the resulting stresses generated during the press quenching operation.
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Dennis, R. J., S. Phillips, C. E. Truman, A. Stiles, and R. Plant. "Simulation of Quenching in Aluminium and Comparison With Neutron Diffraction Measurements." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61491.

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The through life integrity of engineering components are routinely assessed using complex finite element methods. A critical input to such an assessment is an understanding of the operating environment, including service loading and temperature. Significant effort is expended identifying and understanding the effect of service loads on component integrity however there are many cases where service loading in isolation cannot account for premature failure of components during testing or in-service. A key assumption is that components in the as-built condition are often treated as stress and defect free and of nominal dimensions. This approach can however be inadequate and there are many documented cases where residual stress has influenced the in-service integrity of components. In this paper the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses are investigated in a quenched Aluminium 2014A TB test specimen. The test specimen has been specifically designed to contain design features representative of pressurised aerospace components which are quenched during manufacture. The specimen has two sections, one cylindrical (65mm internal diameter) and one oval (125mm largest internal diameter). The outer wall thickness is 10mm and the overall specimen length is 200mm with the two sections joined by a 30mm bridge section. The specimen has been subject to solution heat treatment at 505°C for five hours. Following heat treatment the specimen is rapidly quenched in cold water at 10°C with the cylindrical end entering the water first. Non-linear finite element methods have been developed to simulate the quenching process making use of user defined subroutines to enhance the standard features available in the finite element code. The accuracy of the predicted residual stresses has been assessed by comparison with neutron diffraction measurements at a range of critical locations. The work provides an extremely useful insight into how non-linear finite element methods can be successfully used to predict the residual stresses that are generated as a result of the quenching process. Where residual stresses are a potential integrity concern an understanding of the magnitude and spatial distribution of residual stress can be used to influence both the design and in-service operation of components.
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Lasne, Patrice, Mickael Barbelet, Olivier Jaouen, Frederic Costes, Ihab Ragai, and Harry Tempelman. "Simulation of the Heat Treatment of an Automotive Cast Part." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34152.

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In this paper, simulation of the casting and heat treatment processes of front spindle of a rigid dump truck are presented. The objectives are to present how the different operations can be simulated in order to predict the local phases in the different areas of the part. To reach these objectives, two software packages are used in sequenced. The first one, Thercast, is used to simulate the casting operation. The second one, Forge, is applied to the water-quenching simulation. The general formulations used are shortly presented in this paper. The aim of casting simulation is to compute the metal behavior from the liquid state at the pouring stage to the solid state during cooling into the mold. Filling and cooling phases simulations, taking into account the air gap, ensure that no internal defects like shrinkage, porosity, micro porosity or hot tearing are taking place into the part. Forge software allows the water quenching stage simulation. A model is used to deduct the IT diagram (Isothermal Transformation diagram) from the material composition. The initial grain size influences the transformation kinetics. Another main phenomenon is the efficiency of the cooling bath. The results of the simulation (phase distribution, distortion, residual stresses) strongly depend on these input conditions. Thus, the effect of input data variations on final results must be studied. The modeling approach is validated by comparisons with micrographic observations. Another solution to determine the reliability of the models is to observe the local properties in the quenched part. The prediction of the local micro hardness can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the quenching models.
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