Journal articles on the topic 'Queensland (QLD)'
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STAPLES, M., R. M. A. GRAHAM, and A. V. JENNISON. "Characterisation of invasive clinicalHaemophilus influenzaeisolates in Queensland, Australia using whole-genome sequencing." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 8 (March 6, 2017): 1727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000450.
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SUMMARYHaemophilus influenzaeis an important aetiological organism of both adult and child respiratory disease. The number of non-typeable (NTHi) invasiveH. influenzaeisolates referred to the Queensland (QLD) Public Health Microbiology laboratory has increased notably year-by-year. In this study we used whole-genome sequencing to molecularly characterise 100 referred invasiveH. influenzae, including 74 NTHi isolates over a 15-year period, observing the carriage of capsular and putative virulence genes, including the major adhesins, antimicrobial resistance genes and population diversity. Encapsulated isolates were largely clonal, however NTHi isolates displayed high genetic variability by MLST and single nucleotide polymorphism typing with no dominant clone observed. The only mechanism forβ-lactam resistance identified in the QLD isolates wasβ-lactamase production. No single set of virulence determinants was conclusively associated with invasive QLD NTHi isolates.
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BAKER, ANDREW M., THOMAS Y. MUTTON, and STEVE VAN DYCK. "A new dasyurid marsupial from eastern Queensland, Australia: the Buff-footed Antechinus, Antechinus mysticus sp. nov. (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)." Zootaxa 3515, no. 1 (October 12, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3515.1.1.
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Antechinus mysticus sp. nov. occurs in coastal Australia, ranging from just north of the Queensland (Qld)/New SouthWales (NSW) border to Mackay (mid-east Qld), and is sympatric with A. flavipes (Waterhouse) and A. subtropicus VanDyck & Crowther in south-east Qld. The new species can be distinguished in the field, having paler feet and tail base thanA. flavipes and a greyish head that merges to buff-yellow on the rump and flanks, compared with the more uniform brownhead and body of A. subtropicus and A. stuartii Macleay. Features of the dentary can also be used for identification: A.mysticus differs from A. flavipes in having smaller molar teeth, from A. subtropicus in having a larger gap between frontand rear palatal vacuities, and from A. stuartii in having a generally broader snout. Here, we present a morphologicalanalysis of the new species in comparison with every member of the genus, including a discussion of genetic structure andbroader evolutionary trends, as well as an identification key to species based on dental characters. It seems likely that theknown geographic range of A. mysticus will expand as taxonomic focus on the genus is concentrated in south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales.
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Goverment, Queensland. "Queensland biodiscovery industry and Biodiscovery Act." Microbiology Australia 31, no. 2 (2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10071.
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Queensland is not just a beautiful place to live and visit. Behind the beauty is unparalleled biodiversity, unique tropical expertise and unsurpassed opportunities. Nowhere else on earth has such rich potential when it comes to our rainforests and reefs as sources of new drug discoveries. In Queensland we are proud of our natural assets and want to ensure biodiscovery is carried out in a sustainable manner. In 2004, the Queensland Government introduced best-practice legislation to create legal certainty for biodiscovery activities in the State. The Biodiscovery Act 2004 (Qld) provides sustainable access to Queensland?s biodiversity and fulfils Queensland?s commitment to Article 15 of the international Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Ginwal, H. S., Pradip Kumar, V. K. Sharma, A. K. Mandal, and C. E. Harwood. "Genetic Variability and Early Growth Performance of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. in Provenance cum Progeny Trials in India." Silvae Genetica 53, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2004): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2004-0027.
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Abstract Results of provenance cum progeny trials of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. laid out in 2002 at three sites viz. FRI Campus (Uttaranchal), Chiryanpur (Uttaranchal) and Midnapore (West Bengal) located in tropical region of India are reported and discussed. Thirteen provenances representing 91 families from Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) viz. Oro bay to Emo, PNG; Sirinumu Sogeri Plat, PNG; Warwick, QLD; Yurammie, SF, NSW; Buckenbowra SF, NSW; Selection flat SF559, NSW; Credition SF, QLD; Cardwell, QLD; Mitchell River MT Molloy, QLD; Mill stream archer creek, QLD; Helenvale, QLD; Walsh River, QLD; Burdekin River, QLD were evaluated from nursery stage to field performance (age 21months). As a local seed source open-pollinated seeds collected from selected interspecific Eucalyptus F1 hybrid trees of FRI-4, FRI-5 and Mysore gum (Eucalyptus teretirornis) were used to serve as check material (control). Significant differences between the provenances and families at age 21 months were observed for height, clean stem length, collar diameter and field survival. Significant provenance x site interaction was observed for height. In general the north Queensland provenances performed better and in particular two provenances viz. Walsh River, QLD and Burdekin River, QLD ranked the best in comparison to others at this age. Results indicate that significant genetic differences exist between the families and provenances of E. tereticornis. The growth traits were inter-correlated with each other. Geographic clinal variation pattern was observed in some of the growth traits viz. height, clean stem height and collar diameter. There were fair differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability. Heritability (narrow sense) values were fairly good for height and clear stem length in comparison to collar diameter. The relative performance of the provenances was fairly consistent throughout test sites.
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Borg, Danielle, Kym Rae, Corrine Fiveash, Johanna Schagen, Janelle James-McAlpine, Frances Friedlander, Claire Thurston, et al. "Queensland Family Cohort: a study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e044463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044463.
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IntroductionThe perinatal–postnatal family environment is associated with childhood outcomes including impacts on physical and mental health and educational attainment. Family longitudinal cohort studies collect in-depth data that can capture the influence of an era on family lifestyle, mental health, chronic disease, education and financial stability to enable identification of gaps in society and provide the evidence for changes in government in policy and practice.Methods and analysisThe Queensland Family Cohort (QFC) is a prospective, observational, longitudinal study that will recruit 12 500 pregnant families across the state of Queensland (QLD), Australia and intends to follow-up families and children for three decades. To identify the immediate and future health requirements of the QLD population; pregnant participants and their partners will be enrolled by 24 weeks of gestation and followed up at 24, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, during delivery, on-ward, 6 weeks postpartum and then every 12 months where questionnaires, biological samples and physical measures will be collected from parents and children. To examine the impact of environmental exposures on families, data related to environmental pollution, household pollution and employment exposures will be linked to pregnancy and health outcomes. Where feasible, data linkage of state and federal government databases will be used to follow the participants long term. Biological samples will be stored long term for future discoveries of biomarkers of health and disease.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Mater Research Ethics (HREC/16/MHS/113). Findings will be reported to (1) QFC participating families; (2) funding bodies, institutes and hospitals supporting the QFC; (3) federal, state and local governments to inform policy; (4) presented at local, national and international conferences and (5) disseminated by peer-review publications.
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McInnes-Smith, Sienna. "The Inconsistency of the 'Lawful Correction' of Children Defence with Queensland's New Human Rights Act." University of Queensland Law Journal 41, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v41i3.6439.
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Despite persistent criticism from international human rights bodies and experts, Queensland continues to permit the ‘lawful correction’ of children as a defence to criminal offences committed against them. The recent introduction of a human rights framework in Queensland further highlights the disconnect between the State’s correction defence, contemporary understanding of the deleterious effects of physically punishing children, and children’s human rights principles. This article examines this disconnect and the consistency of the Queensland defence with the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld). To this end, it outlines the current position in the medical and psychological literature that corporal punishment has severe consequences for children. It also explains the scope of the Queensland defence and compares it to other Australian jurisdictions. The article then turns to an analysis of the consistency between the defence and the Human Rights Act. It concludes that the defence repudiates human rights guarantees in Queensland, as well as the international framework for children’s rights, and identifies avenues for reform.
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Chalada, Melissa, Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel, Bijay P. Dhungel, Amanda Y. Goh, Samuel Gardiner, Christopher J. Layton, and Jason C. Steel. "Differences in Uveal Melanoma Age-Standardized Incidence Rates in Two Eastern States of Australia Are Driven by Differences in Rurality and Ultraviolet Radiation." Cancers 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235894.
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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second-most-common melanoma in humans and has a high age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in Australia. Regional patterns of UM ASRs in Australia are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and compare UM ASRs in two geographically disparate eastern states, Queensland (QLD) and Victoria (VIC), by using cancer registry data that was obtained from 2001 to 2013. World-standardized UM ASRs and incidence-rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Higher UM ASR was also observed in anterior UM compared to posterior UM ASR. UM ASR remained unchanged from 2001 to 2013 in QLD but decreased in VIC. A south-to-north latitude trend in UM ASR along the east of Australia is weakly evident, and rural populations have higher UM ASRs than major city populations in both states. Differences in ultraviolent radiation (UVR) susceptibility, indigenous populations, social behaviours, chemical exposure, and socioeconomic status could all be contributing to differences in UM rates between QLD and VIC and between rural compared to major city areas. It is possible that a minority of cases in QLD and VIC might be prevented by sun-protective behaviours. This is important, because these findings suggest that QLD, which is already known to have one of the highest cutaneous melanoma (CM) ASRs in the world, also has one of the highest UM ASRs.
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Finnane, Mark. "Raphael Cilento in Medicine and Politics: Visions and Contradictions." Queensland Review 20, no. 1 (May 3, 2013): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.2.
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At the end of his working life as a medical bureaucrat, Raphael Cilento twice tried his hand at Australian federal politics. After an initial joust at a Senate seat, he was encouraged by the fledgling Australian Democratic Union to try the House of Representatives. His choice of electorate was heroic. The seat of McPherson (Qld) was held by Arthur Fadden, one time prime minister and perennial member for this Darling Downs electorate. Standing as an ‘Independent Democrat’, Cilento targeted the Italian community in Stanthorpe, a district where he picked up half the vote in his otherwise unsuccessful campaign. His candidature attracted some notice. Brisbane's Truth described Sir Raphael as ‘the most distinguished Queenslander to ever enter the Federal political arena’. This might seem a little hyperbolic, but seen in the larger context of Cilento's national and international work, it was a defensible proposition. Seen literally, it is slightly less defensible since Cilento was not Queensland born. Rather, he came to adopt Queensland — and to seek to advance its standing as an example of successful white settlement of the tropics.
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Winter, Bruce, and Richard Uebergang. "Grain Oats—An Alternative Winter Cereal for the Australian Sub-Tropics?" Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036143.
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Current production of oats for grain in Queensland is minor due to unsuitable varieties bred for different climates, and high disease pressure from leaf and stem rust late in the growing season. A range of grain oat breeding lines developed by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil, was screened for leaf rust resistance and subsequently identified as potential grain oat cultivars for sub-tropical Queensland. The evaluation of these grain oat lines from Brazil may provide an opportunity to re-establish oats as a winter grain crop in central and southern Qld and northern NSW. Two replicated trials were established near Toowoomba in Qld and Grafton in NSW to assess grain yield and agronomic characteristics. These trials showed significant differences in grain yield within the set of Brazilian grain oat lines, compared with the Australian cultivars, showing the potential for selection of higher yielding lines. The Brazilian line coded UFRGS037031-3 was the highest yielding line in both high yielding conditions at Grafton and moisture stressed conditions at Wellcamp, and should be the focus of any further evaluation. The Brazilian grain oat lines have very strong resistance to leaf rust compared with Australian cultivars. Further research is needed to determine the potential demand for grain oats as a feed grain in Queensland and to determine the profitability of grain oats to farmers as an alternative winter cereal.
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Short, Graham, David Harasti, and Healy Hamilton. "Hippocampus whitei Bleeker, 1855, a senior synonym of the southern Queensland seahorse H. procerus Kuiter, 2001: molecular and morphological evidence (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)." ZooKeys 824 (February 14, 2019): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.30921.
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The taxonomic status of the seahorse Hippocampusprocerus Kuiter, 2001, type locality Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia, was re-examined based on its strong morphological similarity and geographical proximity to its congener H.whitei Bleeker, 1855, a species recorded in ten estuaries of New South Wales, Australia. Kuiter (2001) distinguished H.procerus from H.whitei by a taller coronet, marginally lower meristics, and spinier physiognomy. Meristic, morphometric, and key diagnostic morphological character comparisons from vouchered specimens of the two purported species collected from Sydney Harbour, Nelson Bay, Port Stephens, NSW and Hervey Bay, Bundaberg, and Moreton Bay, QLD did not show diagnostic differences to support species-level classification of H.procerus. Furthermore, partial mitochondrial COI sequence data from specimens sampled from known geographical distributions in NSW and Southport, QLD failed to discriminate between populations as a result of shared haplotypes, and revealed an average intraspecific divergence of 0.002%. Hippocampusprocerus is hereby placed in the synonymy of H.whitei; a redescription is provided, with a revised record of its range across eastern Australia.
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Phillips, Emma, and Aimee McVeigh. "The grassroots campaign for a Human Rights Act in Queensland: A case study of modern Australian law reform." Alternative Law Journal 45, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19899739.
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The Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) is the first dedicated human rights statute enacted in Queensland and only the third law of this type in Australia. Its passage was the culmination of a sustained, grassroots campaign spanning five years. The success of this campaign can be explained through an understanding of the existing socio-political climate and resulting opportunities, and the strength of community activism, engagement and systemic advocacy.
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Singh, Aseemjot, Gulshan Mahajan, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. "Germination ecology of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and its implications for weed management." Weed Science 70, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.66.
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AbstractWild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a widespread weed of the southeastern cropping region of Australia. Seed germination ecology of S. arvensis populations selected from different climatic regions may differ due to adaptative traits. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, light, radiant heat, soil moisture, salt concentration, and burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of two populations (Queensland [Qld] population: tropical region; and Victoria [Vic] population: temperate region) of S. arvensis. Both populations germinated over a wide range of day/night (12-h/12-h) temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C), and had the highest germination at 30/20 C. Under complete darkness, the Qld population (61%) had higher germination than the Vic population (21%); however, under the light/dark regime, both populations had similar germination (78% to 86%). At 100 C pretreatment for 5 min, the Qld population (44%) had higher germination than the Vic population (13%). Germination of both populations was nil when given pretreatment at 150 and 200 C. The Vic population was found tolerant to high osmotic and salt stress compared with the Qld population. At an osmotic potential of −0.4 MPa, germination of Qld and Vic populations was reduced by 85% and 42%, respectively, compared with their respective controls. At 40, 80, and 160 mM sodium chloride, germination was lower for the Qld population than the Vic population. Averaged over the populations, seedling emergence was highest (52%) from a burial depth of 1 cm and was nil from 8-cm depth. Differential germination behaviors of both populations to temperature, light, radiant heat, water stress, and salt stress suggest that populations of S. arvensis may have undergone differential adaptation. Knowledge gained from this study will assist in developing suitable control measures for this weed species to reduce the soil seedbank.
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Morgan, Jess A. T., Wayne D. Sumpton, Andrew T. Jones, Alexander B. Campbell, John Stewart, Paul Hamer, and Jennifer R. Ovenden. "Assessment of genetic structure among Australian east coast populations of snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Sparidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 7 (2019): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18146.
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Snapper Chrysophrys auratus is a high-value food fish in Australia targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries. Along the east coast of Australia, fisheries are managed under four state jurisdictions (Queensland, Qld; New South Wales, NSW; Victoria, Vic.; and Tasmania, Tas.), each applying different regulations, although it is thought that the fisheries target the same biological stock. An allozyme-based study in the mid-1990s identified a weak genetic disjunction north of Sydney (NSW) questioning the single-stock hypothesis. This study, focused on east-coast C. auratus, used nine microsatellite markers to assess the validity of the allozyme break and investigated whether genetic structure exists further south. Nine locations were sampled spanning four states and over 2000km, including sites north and south of the proposed allozyme disjunction. Analyses confirmed the presence of two distinct biological stocks along the east coast, with a region of genetic overlap around Eden in southern NSW, ~400km south of the allozyme disjunction. The findings indicate that C. auratus off Vic. and Tas. are distinct from those in Qld and NSW. For the purpose of stock assessment and management, the results indicate that Qld and NSW fisheries are targeting a single biological stock.A
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Moores, Carly J., Jacqueline Miller, Lynne A. Daniels, Helen A. Vidgen, and Anthea M. Magarey. "Pre–post evaluation of a weight management service for families with overweight and obese children, translated from the efficacious lifestyle intervention Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH)." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 12 (May 30, 2018): 1434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518001083.
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AbstractParenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) is a multi-component lifestyle intervention for families with overweight and obese children. PEACH was translated from an efficacious randomised-controlled trial (RCT) and delivered at scale as PEACH Queensland (QLD) in Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study is to explore pre–post changes in parenting, and child-level eating, activity and anthropometry, in the PEACH QLD service delivery project. PEACH QLD enrolled 926 overweight/obese children (817 families). Pre-programme evaluation was completed for 752 children and paired pre–post-programme evaluation data were available for 388 children. At baseline, children with pre–post-programme data were (mean) 8·8 years old, and at follow-up were 9·3 years old, with mean time between pre–post-programme measures of 0·46 years. Outcomes reflected each domain of the PEACH programme: parenting, eating behaviour of the child and activity behaviours (means reported). Parents reported improvements in parenting self-efficacy (3·6 to 3·7, P=0·001). Children had improved eating behaviours: eating more daily serves of vegetables (2·0 to 2·6, P=0·001) and fewer non-milk sweetened beverages (0·9 to 0·6, P=0·001) and discretionary foods (2·2 to 1·5, P=0·001). Children spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (86 to 105 min/d, P=0·001) and less time in sedentary screen-based behaviours (190 to 148 min/d, P=0·001). Consequently, there were significant improvements in mean BMIz (−0·112; P<0·001) and weight status (healthy weight/overweight/obese/morbidly obese prevalence from 0/22/33/45 % to 2/27/34/37 %, P<0·001). When delivered at scale, PEACH remains an effective family-based, multi-component, lifestyle weight management programme for overweight and obese children whose families engage in the programme.
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AMEY, ANDREW P., and PATRICK J. COUPER. "A new limb-reduced skink (Scincidae: Lerista) from the dry rainforest of north Queensland, Australia." Zootaxa 2173, no. 1 (July 31, 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2173.1.2.
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A new limb-reduced skink from the dry rainforest of north Queensland is described as Lerista rochfordensis sp. nov. It is distinguished from its congeners by forelimb absent with no groove or other indication, hindlimb 5–8% SVL with a single clawed digit, and five supraciliary scales. Its narrow distribution coupled with its apparent reliance on dry rainforest, an endangered habitat, meets the criteria outlined for a Vulnerable listing under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Qld).
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Doran, Christopher M., Rod Ling, Jorgen Gullestrup, Sarah Swannell, and Allison Milner. "The Impact of a Suicide Prevention Strategy on Reducing the Economic Cost of Suicide in the New South Wales Construction Industry." Crisis 37, no. 2 (March 2016): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000362.
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Abstract. Background: Little research has been conducted into the cost and prevention of self-harm in the workplace. Aims: To quantify the economic cost of self-harm and suicide among New South Wales (NSW) construction industry (CI) workers and to examine the potential economic impact of implementing Mates in Construction (MIC). Method: Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Effectiveness was measured using the relative risk ratio (RRR). In Queensland (QLD), relative suicide risks were estimated for 5-year periods before and after the commencement of MIC. For NSW, the difference between the expected (i.e., using NSW pre-MIC [2008–2012] suicide risk) and counterfactual suicide cases (i.e., applying QLD RRR) provided an estimate of potential suicide cases averted in the post-MIC period (2013–2017). Results were adjusted using the average uptake (i.e., 9.4%) of MIC activities in QLD. Economic savings from averted cases were compared with the cost of implementing MIC. Results: The cost of self-harm and suicide in the NSW CI was AU $527 million in 2010. MIC could potentially avert 0.4 suicides, 1.01 full incapacity cases, and 4.92 short absences, generating annual savings of AU $3.66 million. For every AU $1 invested, the economic return is approximately AU $4.6. Conclusion: MIC represents a positive economic investment in workplace safety.
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Konstantinos, A., A. M. Patel, P. Derhy, and B. George. "371-PC11 Outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Queensland (Qld), Australia 1985–1992." Tubercle and Lung Disease 76 (October 1995): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90305-4.
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Murphy, S. "Observations of the 'Critically Endangered' bare-rumped sheathtail bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus Temminck (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01185.
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THE bare-rumped sheathtailed bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus is a poorly understood species that has a wide distribution covering parts of India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaya, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Northern Australia (Bonaccorso 1998). First collected in Australia by De Vis near Cardwell, the current known distribution in Queensland (Qld) extends from Bowen to Cooktown with one isolated specimen collected near Coen on Cape York Peninsula (Hall 1995; Duncan et al. 1999). It has also been recorded in the Alligator River area in the Northern Territory (McKean et al. 1981). The conservation status of S. saccolaimus in Qld has recently been defined as ?Critically Endangered?, and the species has not been recorded anywhere in Australia for at least 18 years (Duncan et al. 1999; Menkhorst and Knight 2001). The likely reasons for the apparent decline are unclear, but may involve land-clearing and changed fire regimes in the coastal zone where it is thought to occur (Duncan et al. 1999). In contrast, Bonaccorso (1998) considers S. saccolaimus to be secure, albeit also poorly known in Papua New Guinea.
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Hutchinson, Terry. "Making the Fun Stop: Youth Justice Reform in Queensland." Deakin Law Review 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2014vol19no2art343.
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In 2013 the newly elected conservative Liberal National Party government instigated amendments to the Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld). Boot camps replaced court ordered youth justice conferencing. In 2014 there were more drastic changes, including opening the Children’s Court proceedings to the public, permitting publication of identifying information of repeat offenders, removing the principle of ‘detention as a last resort’, facilitating prompt transferral of 17 year olds to adult prisons and instigating new bail offences and mandatory boot camp orders for recidivist motor vehicle offenders in Townsville. This article compares these amendments to the legislative frameworks in other jurisdictions and current social research. It argues that these amendments are out of step with national and international best practice benchmarks for youth justice. Early indications are that Indigenous children are now experiencing increased rates of unsentenced remand. The article argues that the government’s policy initiatives are resulting in negative outcomes and that early and extensive evaluations of these changes are essential.
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Beyer, Georgia L., Ross L. Goldingay, and David J. Sharpe. "The characteristics of squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) den trees in subtropical Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 1 (2008): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08053.
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Effective management of tree-hollow-dependent wildlife requires a sound knowledge of the characteristics of the trees used for shelter or breeding. We used radio-tracking to identify the den trees of squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) in south-east Queensland (Qld) and north-east New South Wales (NSW). Squirrel gliders used dead trees as well as 13 species of living tree for dens across the two locations. Dead trees accounted for a large percentage of dens (54% of 48 dens in Qld, and 50% of 18 dens in NSW) despite comprising only 3–10% of the forest (trees >20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) at each location. This preference is largely due to dead trees being more likely to contain hollows, accounting for 26–44% of available hollow-bearing trees. Mean den tree size (dbh) was 48.9 ± 2.4 cm in Qld and 62.8 ± 5.6 cm in NSW. Den entrance height averaged 6.8 ± 1.2 m in Qld and 11.9 ± 1.3 m in NSW. Fissures in the trunk and holes in branches were the most common of six hollow types used. At one location branch end hollows were ignored relative to their availability. Den entrances varied in size (2.5–12 cm wide) but most were ≤5 cm in diameter. Entrance size of hollows appears to be the hollow attribute of most importance to squirrel gliders. Monitoring of these den trees over several years revealed the collapse of three dead den trees at each location, which is equivalent to an annual loss of 3% of den trees. Further research is needed to determine whether this will lead to a future shortage of den trees.
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Klaebe, Helen. "FACILITATING LOCAL STORIES IN POST-DISASTER REGIONAL COMMUNITIES: EVALUATION IN NARRATIVE-DRIVEN ORAL HISTORY PROJECTS." Oral History Journal of South Africa 1, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/1599.
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Cyclone Yasi struck the Cassowary Coast of Northern Queensland, Australia, in the early hours of 3 February 2011, destroying many homes and property, including the destruction of the Cardwell and District Historical Society’s (CDHS) premises. With their own homes flattened, many residents were forced to live in mobile accommodation, with extended family, or leave the area altogether. The historical society members seemed, however, particularly devastated by their flattened foreshore museum and loss of their precious collection of material. A call for assistance was made through the Oral History Association of Australia’s Queensland branch (OHAA-Qld), which, along with a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) research team, sponsored a trip to best plan how they could start to pick up the pieces to rebuild the museum. This article highlights the need for communities to gather, preserve and present their own stories, in a way that is sustainable and meaningful to them – whether it is because of a disaster, or as they go about life in their contemporary communities – the key being that good advice, professional support and embedded evaluation practices at crucial moments along the way can be critically important.
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Dawkins, Kathryn L., James M. Furse, Clyde H. Wild, and Jane M. Hughes. "A novel genus and cryptic species harboured within the monotypic freshwater crayfish genusTenuibranchiurusRiek, 1951 (Decapoda: Parastacidae)." PeerJ 5 (May 24, 2017): e3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3310.
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Identifying species groups is an important yet difficult task, with there being no single accepted definition as to what constitutes a species, nor a set of criteria by which they should be delineated. Employing the General Lineage Concept somewhat circumvents these issues, as this concept allows multiple concordant lines of evidence to be used as support for species delimitation, where a species is defined as any independently evolving lineage. Genetically diverse groups have previously been identified within the monotypic parastacid genusTenuibranchiurusRiek, 1951, but no further investigation of this diversity has previously been undertaken. Analysis of two mitochondrial DNA gene regions has previously identified two highly divergent groups within this taxon, representing populations from Queensland (Qld) and New South Wales (NSW), respectively. Additional testing within this study of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA through species discovery analyses identified genetically diverse groups within these regions, which were further supported by lineage validation methods. The degree of genetic differentiation between Qld and NSW populations supports the recognition of two genera; with Qld retaining the original genus nameTenuibranchiurus, and NSW designated asGen. nov.until a formal description is completed. Concordance between the species discovery and lineage validation methods supports the presence of six species withinTenuibranchiurusand two withinGen. nov. The recognition of additional species removes the monotypy of the genus, and the methods used can improve species identification within groups of organisms with taxonomic problems and cryptic diversity.
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Hogg, Russell. "‘Only a pawn in their game’: crime, risk and politics in the case of Robert Fardon." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i3.152.
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In 2003 Robert Fardon was the first prisoner to be detained under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld), the first of the new generation preventive detention laws enacted in Australia and directed at keeping sex offenders in prison or under supervision beyond the expiry of their sentences where a court decides, on the basis of psychiatric assessments, that unconditional release would create an unacceptable risk to the community. A careful examination of Fardon’s case shows the extent to which the administration of the regime was from the outset governed by politics and political calculation rather than the logic of risk management and community protection. In 2003 Robert Fardon was the first person detained under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld) (hereafter DPSOA), a newly enacted Queensland law aimed at the preventive detention of sex offenders. It was the first of a new generation of such laws introduced in Australia, now also in force in NSW, Western Australia and Victoria. The laws have been widely criticized by lawyers, academics and others (Keyzer and McSherry 2009; Edgely 2007). In this article I want to focus on the details of how the Queensland law was administered in Fardon’s case, he being perhaps the most well-known prisoner detained under such laws and certainly the longest held. It will show, I hope, that seemingly abstract rule of law principles invoked by other critics are not simply abstract: they afford a crucial practical safeguard against the corruption of criminal justice in which the ends both of community protection and of justice give way to opportunistic exploitation of ‘the mythic resonance of crime and punishment for electoral purposes’ (Scheingold 1998: 888).
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Beveridge, I., T. H. Cribb, and S. C. Cutmore. "Larval trypanorhynch cestodes in teleost fish from Moreton Bay, Queensland." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 11 (2017): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17010.
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During a helminthological examination of teleost fish of Moreton Bay (Qld, Australia), 976 fish from 13 orders, 57 families and 133 species were examined and nine species of trypanorhynch metacestodes were identified. Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) was the most frequently encountered species, found in 16 species of fish, with Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897), Pterobothrium pearsoni (Southwell, 1929), Otobothrium alexanderi Palm, 2004, Otobothrium mugilis Hiscock, 1954, Otobothrium parvum Beveridge & Justine, 2007, Proemotobothrium southwelli Beveridge & Campbell, 2001, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (Linton, 1897) and Heteronybelinia cf. heteromorphi Palm, 1999 occurring in fewer host species and at lower prevalences. Comparisons are made with studies elsewhere in the world and specifically within the South-west Pacific. Of the best studied regions in the South-west Pacific (Heron Island, Lizard Island, New Caledonia and now Moreton Bay), the fauna from Moreton Bay was found to be the most distinctive, with fauna from the three reef locations sharing 35–48% of species between sites and just 12–24% with Moreton Bay. The fauna of trypanorhynch cestodes from Lizard Island and New Caledonia was found to be the most similar.
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Cammarano, Davide, José Payero, Bruno Basso, Paul Wilkens, and Peter Grace. "Agronomic and economic evaluation of irrigation strategies on cotton lint yield in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 7 (2012): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12024.
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Cotton is one of the most important irrigated crops in subtropical Australia. In recent years, cotton production has been severely affected by the worst drought in recorded history, with the 2007–08 growing season recording the lowest average cotton yield in 30 years. The use of a crop simulation model to simulate the long-term temporal distribution of cotton yields under different levels of irrigation and the marginal value for each unit of water applied is important in determining the economic feasibility of current irrigation practices. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the CROPGRO-Cotton simulation model for studying crop growth under deficit irrigation scenarios across ten locations in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld); (ii) evaluate agronomic and economic responses to water inputs across the ten locations; and (iii) determine the economically optimal irrigation level. The CROPGRO-Cotton simulation model was evaluated using 2 years of experimental data collected at Kingsthorpe, Qld The model was further evaluated using data from nine locations between northern NSW and southern Qld. Long-term simulations were based on the prevalent furrow-irrigation practice of refilling the soil profile when the plant-available soil water content is <50%. The model closely estimated lint yield for all locations evaluated. Our results showed that the amounts of water needed to maximise profit and maximise yield are different, which has economic and environmental implications. Irrigation needed to maximise profits varied with both agronomic and economic factors, which can be quite variable with season and location. Therefore, better tools and information that consider the agronomic and economic implications of irrigation decisions need to be developed and made available to growers.
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Mallitt, Kylie-Ann, David P. Wilson, Ann McDonald, and Handan Wand. "HIV incidence trends vary between jurisdictions in Australia: an extended back-projection analysis of men who have sex with men." Sexual Health 9, no. 2 (2012): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10141.
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Background Trends in HIV diagnoses differ across Australia and are primarily driven by men who have sex with men (MSM). We use national population surveillance data to estimate the incidence of HIV infections among MSM by jurisdiction and infer the proportion of undiagnosed infections. Methods: Annual surveillance data for AIDS diagnoses, HIV diagnoses and recently acquired HIV infections were obtained from 1980 to 2009. A modified statistical back-projection method was used to reconstruct HIV incidence by jurisdiction. Results: HIV incidence among MSM peaked for all jurisdictions in the early 1980s and then declined into the early 1990s, after which incidence increased. Trends then differ between jurisdictions. In New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia, estimated HIV incidence peaked at 371 and 50 cases respectively in 2003, and has since decreased to 258 and 24 cases respectively in 2009. HIV infections in Queensland (Qld) have more than doubled over the past decade, from 84 cases in 2000 to 192 cases in 2009. Victoria and Western Australia have seen a rise in HIV incidence from 2000 to 2006 (to a peak of 250 and 38 incident cases respectively), followed by a plateau to 2009. HIV incidence in the Northern Territory, Tasmania and Australian Capital Territory have increased since 2000; however, case numbers remain small (<20 per year). The estimated proportion of HIV infections not yet diagnosed to 2009 ranges from 10% (NSW) to 18% (Qld), with an average of 12% across Australia. Conclusions: HIV diagnosis trends among MSM in Australia reflect changes in estimated incidence to 2009, and reveal the largest increase in the past 10 years in Qld.
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Agenson, Treasure, Judith M. Katzenellenbogen, Rebecca Seth, Karen Dempsey, Mellise Anderson, Vicki Wade, and Daniela Bond-Smith. "Case Ascertainment on Australian Registers for Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155505.
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In Australia, disease registers for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were previously established to facilitate disease surveillance and control, yet little is known about the extent of case-ascertainment. We compared ARF/RHD case ascertainment based on Australian ARF/RHD register records with administrative hospital data from the Northern Territory (NT), South Australia (SA), Queensland (QLD) and Western Australia (WA) for cases 3–59 years of age. Agreement across data sources was compared for persons with an ARF episode or first-ever RHD diagnosis. ARF/RHD registers from the different jurisdictions were missing 26% of Indigenous hospitalised ARF/RHD cases overall (ranging 17–40% by jurisdiction) and 10% of non-Indigenous hospitalised ARF/RHD cases (3–28%). The proportion of hospitalised RHD cases (36%) was half the proportion of hospitalised ARF cases (70%) notified to the ARF/RHD registers. The registers were found to capture few RHD cases in metropolitan areas (SA Metro: 13%, QLD Metro: 35%, WA Metro: 14%). Indigenous status, older age, comorbidities, drug/alcohol abuse and disease severity were predictors of cases appearing in the hospital data only (p < 0.05); sex was not a determinant. This analysis confirms that there are biases associated with the epidemiological analysis of single sources of case ascertainment for ARF/RHD using Australian data.
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Legrand, Tim, and Simon Bronitt. "Policing the G20 protests: ‘Too much order with too little law’ revisited." Queensland Review 22, no. 1 (May 7, 2015): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2015.2.
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In the months leading up to November's G20 summit in 2014, Brisbane's residents would have been forgiven for anticipating the outbreak of a local civil war. Media outlets were leading with headlines stating, among other sensational claims, that ‘G20 anarchists vow chaos and mayhem for Brisbane's streets’, ‘Black Bloc tactics aim for Brisbane G20 shock and awe’ and ‘Destructive protest plan for G20’. Meanwhile, some of the most severe restrictions on civil liberties seen in Australia in recent years were legislated by the Queensland parliament. The G20 Safety and Security Act 2013 (Qld) (the G20 Act) was passed with little demur by a chamber that was only divided over the question of whether the laws were severe enough, with Queensland opposition police spokesman Bill Byrne MP declaring himself ‘surprised’ at the leniency of some of the sentencing provisions and the ‘minimalist’ approach to restricted areas. Of course, in the event the much-anticipated violence did not occur, and the media's pre-summit hyperbole was exposed as just that. Rather more prosaically — and accurately — the post-event headlines dutifully reported ‘Passionate, but mostly peaceful protests’ and ‘G20 protest day wraps up peacefully’. Given that previous G20 summits in London and Toronto saw outbreaks of considerable disorder, we might succumb to the temptation of declaring the peaceful protests in Brisbane to be a vindication of the heavy powers granted by the Queensland parliament. But we believe that to do so would be egregious. Here we reflect on the historical and political motivations underpinning the G20 Act, and draw attention to the rather more measured policing strategy employed by the Queensland Police Service (QPS). We argue that the safety and security of G20 participants and protesters owed little to the restrictive powers granted by the G20 Act, but resulted from a policing strategy that successfully married traditional and modern precepts of policing large events.
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Ferguson, J. Connor, Bhagirath S. Chauhan, Rodolfo G. Chechetto, Andrew J. Hewitt, Steve W. Adkins, Greg R. Kruger, and Chris C. O’Donnell. "Droplet-Size Effects on Control of Chloris spp. with Six POST Herbicides." Weed Technology 33, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.99.
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AbstractChloris spp. are warm-season grasses that outcompete crops for scarce resources throughout Australia. In Queensland, mild winters and increased adoption of conservation tillage practices have led to an increase of this warm-season grass family in winter crops. The objective of this study is to understand whether droplet size (nozzle type) effects herbicide efficacy of summer perennial grasses, as previous research found no effect of droplet size (nozzle type) on herbicide efficacy of winter annual grasses. A study to compare droplet-size (nozzle type) effects on control of windmillgrass and its domesticated relative, rhodesgrass, was conducted at the University of Queensland in Gatton, QLD, Australia. Results showed little difference in dry weight reductions for windmillgrass or rhodesgrass across droplet size (nozzle type). Paraquat applications with the TTI nozzle resulted in significantly lower dry weight reductions compared with other droplet-size sprays (nozzle types) for rhodesgrass. Glyphosate, imazamox plus imazapyr, and clodinafop resulted in commercially acceptable control for both species, regardless of the droplet size (nozzle type) selected, indicating droplet size (nozzle type) has relatively little impact on the efficacy of these herbicides. Proper nozzle selection can result in control of Chloris spp., a hard to control weed species, while reducing the occurrence of spray drift to nearby sensitive areas.
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Eldridge, M. D. B. "Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA from the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus: Implications for Management." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96045.
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The extent of mitochondrial DNA divergence between populations of the vulnerable yellow-footed rock- wallaby, Petrogale xanthopus, was assessed by restriction analysis. Of the 15 restriction endonucleases, five were informative, with a single unique haplotype identified in P. x. celeris from Queensland (Qld) (n = 8) and a further two unique haplotypes in three sampled populations of P. x. xanthopus from New South Wales (NSW) (n = 1) and South Australia (SA) (n = 9). The two subspecies of P. xanthopus were found to be genetically distinct (average sequence divergence = 0·72%). As this divergence is greater than that found between some Petrogale species, it is recommended that populations of P. x. xanthopus and P. x. celeris be managed independently both in captivity and the wild. The NSW population of P. x. xanthopus appears genetically similar to those in SA, although these data are limited.
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Smith-Merry, Jennifer L., and Merrilyn M. Walton. "Research governance as a facilitator for ethical and timely research? Learning from the experience of a large government-funded multisite research project." Australian Health Review 38, no. 3 (2014): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13173.
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Objective The processes of research ethics and research governance are core to the conduct of research in health. Each aims to facilitate research that is both ethical and practical in order to produce new knowledge about the health system and improve the lives of those who use it. However, our experience has demonstrated that the process of obtaining ethical approval for a low-risk and low-resource research project was severely confounded by the multiple layers of research governance in operation at hospitals in Queensland (Qld) and New South Wales (NSW). Methods We analysed our own experience of gaining research governance approval with the aim of improving governance processes for multicentre research projects. Our project aimed to interview and survey one person at each of 57 hospitals in NSW and 18 in Qld. We recorded and compared the steps, documents and time-frame related to research governance approval at each of these research sites. Results We found that the progress of our project was significantly impeded by the multiple steps related to research governance processes in hospitals. Research governance approval took an average of 160 days in NSW and 316 in Qld. There was inconsistency between hospitals regarding documentation and significant duplication of documentation already approved through ethical review processes. The necessity for separate research contracts for all Qld research sites also added to research delays. Conclusion Based on our experiences we make recommendations about changes to research governance including clarification of responsibility, reform of areas of duplication and inconsistency, time limitations for approval and, in Qld, reform of financial and legal oversight. What is known about the topic? The implementation of the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research in 2007 has resulted in a restructuring that separates out ethics approval from research governance approval. Although in most jurisdictions single ethical review for multicentre sites has been implemented effectively as a result of these reforms, research governance approval still needs to be obtained for each separate research site. What does this paper add? The research governance approval experiences of one large-scale, ethically low-risk research project are discussed in order to draw attention to the problems associated with the disparate and time-consuming research governance processes operating as a result of this system. What are the implications for practitioners? Policy makers and research governance administrators need to urgently address the significant problems caused by the delays and inconsistencies involved in gaining approval for research conducted in public hospitals. Researchers and those working within university ethics offices who provide support for research need to be aware of the problems associated with research governance and factor this into their decisions about research budgeting and timeframes.
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Zaunbrecher, Michelle L., and Sean O’Donnell. "Improving industry safety via real collaboration: a case study from the Qld CSG sector." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19206.
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The Queensland (Qld) coal seam gas (CSG) sector grew quickly between 2009 and 2010. The industry was young, with many new and inexperienced workers, risk controls and systems were relatively immature and there was an overall nascent safety culture and poor safety performance. It was recognised that if there was to be real change made, two fundamental shifts were needed: (1) the contractor companies must be part of the change, because most of safety risk exposure hours for field operations were with the contractor workforce; and (2) the senior leadership of both the operating and contractor companies needed to form, own and steer a new safety mandate. In 2014, a workshop was run where the senior leaders of both the operator and contractor companies attended; as a direct result, the industry group of Safer Together was born. Since the formation of Safer Together, the broader benefits of collaboration are as follows: industry is connected via its safety performance and viewed as an entity; there have been real and demonstrable safety performance improvements; there has been a tangible positive shift in culture where good safety performance is a fundamental expectation; it is important for personnel, and new workers who may want to join the industry, to have a high level of confidence in the high standards of safety in the industry; positive communication and relationships with the regulators has enabled practical regulatory reform and approach to safety compliance; and a positive reputation on the industry’s ability to be safe provides an overall very positive contribution to the industry’s ‘licence to operate’. Effective collaboration across the industry on safety has not yet been fully met, and challenges remain. Despite these challenges, the Qld CSG industry has demonstrable safety improvements that can be tied directly to the benefits of positive industry collaboration on safety. The Qld CSG industry story of collaboration is built from the passion and contribution of many individuals. The real point is that so much more has been achieved with a common direction and purpose than any individual or single company could achieve.
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Hart, Caroline Lydia. "Business structures and sustainable regional legal practice: the use of incorporated legal practices by regional, rural and remote legal practitioners." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.2660.
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Since 2007 the Legal Profession Act 2007 (Qld) has offered legal practitioners a wider choice of business structure other than sole practitioner or partnership, to include incorporated legal practice ('ILP') or multidisciplinary partnership. In particular the use of ILPs offers legal practitioners a range of benefits in terms of operating a law firm consistent with business management practices. The status of ILP however comes at a cost of putting in place 'appropriate management systems'. This paper refers to the legislation and the literature on the range of business structures, before giving an insight into the actual choice of business structures used by Queensland regional, rural and remote legal practitioners. What is the awareness of the new business structures? And are there factors inhibiting RRR legal practitioners from their use? This paper draws on over 30 interviews with sole practitioners, partners and legal practitioner directors about their choice of business structure.
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Radke, Amelia, and Heather Douglas. "Indigenous Australians, Specialist Courts, and The Intergenerational Impacts of Child Removal in The Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02802005.
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Murri Courts are a specialist criminal law practice that includes Elders and respected persons of the local Community Justice Group in the sentencing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two southeast Queensland Murri Courts, this article explores the impact of State ordered out-of-home care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants and their children. We show how Community Justice Groups and specialist courts help to address the intergenerational impacts of child protection interventions. The rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to enjoy, maintain, control, protect and develop their kinship ties is recognised under the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) and international human rights treaties. We suggest that policymakers and legislators should better recognise and support Community Justice Groups and specialist courts as they provide an important avenue for implementing the rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to recover and maintain their kinship ties.
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Cuningham, Will, Lorraine Anderson, Asha C. Bowen, Kirsty Buising, Christine Connors, Kathryn Daveson, Joanna Martin, et al. "Antimicrobial stewardship in remote primary healthcare across northern Australia." PeerJ 8 (July 22, 2020): e9409. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9409.
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Background The high burden of infectious disease and associated antimicrobial use likely contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in remote Australian Aboriginal communities. We aimed to develop and apply context-specific tools to audit antimicrobial use in the remote primary healthcare setting. Methods We adapted the General Practice version of the National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (GP NAPS) tool to audit antimicrobial use over 2–3 weeks in 15 remote primary healthcare clinics across the Kimberley region of Western Australia (03/2018–06/2018), Top End of the Northern Territory (08/2017–09/2017) and far north Queensland (05/2018–06/2018). At each clinic we reviewed consecutive clinic presentations until 30 presentations where antimicrobials had been used were included in the audit. Data recorded included the antimicrobials used, indications and treating health professional. We assessed the appropriateness of antimicrobial use and functionality of the tool. Results We audited the use of 668 antimicrobials. Skin and soft tissue infections were the dominant treatment indications (WA: 35%; NT: 29%; QLD: 40%). Compared with other settings in Australia, narrow spectrum antimicrobials like benzathine benzylpenicillin were commonly given and the appropriateness of use was high (WA: 91%; NT: 82%; QLD: 65%). While the audit was informative, non-integration with practice software made the process manually intensive. Conclusions Patterns of antimicrobial use in remote primary care are different from other settings in Australia. The adapted GP NAPS tool functioned well in this pilot study and has the potential for integration into clinical care. Regular stewardship audits would be facilitated by improved data extraction systems.
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Goire, Namraj, Kevin Freeman, Stephen B. Lambert, Graeme R. Nimmo, Athena E. Limnios, Monica M. Lahra, Michael D. Nissen, Theo P. Sloots, and David M. Whiley. "The influence of target population on nonculture-based detection of markers of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance." Sexual Health 9, no. 5 (2012): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12026.
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Background With treatment options for gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) diminishing, strengthening antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is paramount. Methods: In this study, we investigated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods, in parallel with N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), for direct detection of four N. gonorrhoeae chromosomal mechanisms associated with emerging resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins using noncultured samples: an adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter, a mosaic penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2, an A501V PBP2 mutation, and alterations at positions 120 and 121 of the porB protein. The PCR assays were validated using a panel of characterised N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 107) and commensal Neisseria (n = 100) species. These PCR assays with NG-MAST were then applied to noncultured clinical specimens from distinct populations in Australia with differing levels of N. gonorrhoeae AMR: the Northern Territory (NT), where resistance has a low population prevalence, and Queensland (Qld), with higher AMR prevalence. Results: The real-time PCR assays proved highly sensitive and specific. When applied to the noncultured samples, only 1 out of 50 (2%) samples from NT harboured a resistant mechanism, whereas the Qld samples (n = 129) collected over different periods showed progressive acquisition of resistant mechanisms, and these were associated with specific NG-MAST types, including Type 225. Conclusions: The results suggest that our PCR-based methods could be used to rapidly pinpoint incursion of resistant strains into previously unaffected populations. Likewise, our results show that for molecular AMR surveillance, the population being investigated is as important as the genetic mechanisms being targeted.
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MAHONY, MICHAEL J., HARRY B. HINES, TERRY BERTOZZI, STEPHEN V. MAHONY, DAVID A. NEWELL, JOHN M. CLARKE, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia." Zootaxa 5104, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.3.
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The six species of mountain frogs (Philoria: Limnodynastidae: Anura) are endemic to south-eastern Australia. Five species occur in headwater systems in mountainous north-eastern New South Wales (NSW) and south-eastern Queensland (Qld), centred on the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area. A previous molecular genetic analysis identified divergent genetic lineages in the central and western McPherson Ranges region of Qld and NSW, but sampling was inadequate to test the species status of these lineages. With more comprehensive geographic sampling and examination of the nuclear genome using SNP analysis, we show that an undescribed species, P. knowlesi sp. nov., occurs in the central and western McPherson Ranges (Levers Plateau and Mount Barney complex). The new species is not phylogenetically closely related to P. loveridgei in the nuclear data but is related to one of two divergent lineages within P. loveridgei in the mtDNA data. We postulate that the discordance between the nuclear and mtDNA outcomes is due to ancient introgression of the mtDNA genome from P. loveridgei into the new species. Male advertisement calls and multivariate morphological analyses do not reliably distinguish P. knowlesi sp. nov. from any of the Philoria species in northeast NSW and southeast Qld. The genetic comparisons also enable us to define further the distributions of P. loveridgei and P. kundagungan. Samples from the Lamington Plateau, Springbrook Plateau, Wollumbin (Mt Warning National Park), and the Nightcap Range, are all P. loveridgei, and its distribution is now defined as the eastern McPherson Ranges and Tweed caldera. Philoria kundagungan is distributed from the Mistake Mountains in south-eastern Qld to the Tooloom Scrub on the Koreelah Range, southwest of Woodenbong, in NSW, with two subpopulations identified by SNP analysis. We therefore assessed the IUCN threat category of P. loveridgei and P. kundagungan and undertook new assessments for each of its two subpopulations and for the new taxon P. knowlesi sp. nov., using IUCN Red List criteria. Philoria loveridgei, P. kundagungan (entire range and northern subpopulation separately) and P. knowlesi sp. nov. each meet criteria for “Endangered” (EN B2(a)(b)[i, iii]). The southern subpopulation of P. kundagungan, in the Koreelah Range, meets criteria for “Critically Endangered” (CE B2(a)(b)[i, iii]). These taxa are all highly threatened due to the small number of known locations, the restricted nature of their breeding habitat, and direct and indirect threats from climate change, and the potential impact of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis. Feral pigs are an emerging threat, with significant impacts now observed in Philoria breeding habitat in the Mistake Mountains.
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Zeng, Jimmy. "Well productivity trends in Queensland coal seam gas and the incremental well breakeven." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21101.
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Development of coal seam gas (CSG) in Queensland (QLD) for export as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and domestic pipeline gas over the past decade has been a major Australian energy sector story. During the ramp-up period in 2015, public attention was drawn to the potential impacts of exported gas on the overall supply/demand balance and pricing outcomes for the domestic gas market. An overarching expectation of a ‘supply shortfall’ in the domestic gas market even with the growth in CSG development has taken hold as a result. This paper examines the historical record in the CSG upstream, reviewing reserves, production levels, and providing an analysis of average well flowrates. Upcoming development projects are set within this context of observed declining average well performance, and a range of ex-field breakeven gas prices to incentivise the ‘incremental CSG well’ are discussed. Maintenance of per well costs at low levels is a key factor influencing the breakeven level of ‘brownfield’ development. The analysis concludes with a reiteration of the perceived importance of CSG development for meeting expected supply shortfalls in the domestic market. Upstream risks (reserves, well performance) over the next decade are unlikely to be the major influence on CSG’s relevance to the domestic market (i.e. development is not resource-constrained). Rather, customer willingness to pay current high prices are likely to provide the key demand constraint – notwithstanding the possibility of new CSG acreage being developed at lower breakevens.
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Paynter, Michelle L., Elizabeth Czislowski, Mark E. Herrington, and Elizabeth A. B. Aitken. "Differences in Pathogenicity, Genetic Variability and Cultivar Responses among Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Strawberry in Australia." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 6 (November 2016): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03888-16.
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Variation in the virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) strains is important when evaluating the resistance of plants to this fungus. Twenty-five isolates of F. oxysporum harvested from strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) plants growing in Australia were characterized using pathogenicity tests, vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), and genetic analysis of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α). The level of disease varied depending on isolate used, indicating heterogeneous populations of Fof. Two distinct VCGs were identified and corresponded to two of the 10 lineages identified by partial EF-1α. Using a subset of Fof isolates, resistance in eight cultivars ranged from highly resistant to highly susceptible, with some cultivar × isolate interaction. ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘QHI Sugarbaby’, and ‘DPI Rubygem’ had high levels of resistance across all isolates. Isolates from Western Australia (WA) were genetically distinct from those from Queensland (QLD) and were more virulent to ‘Camarosa’, a major cultivar grown in WA.
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Lee, LS, and JC Chapman. "Yield and fruit quality responses of Ellendale mandarins to different nitrogen and potassium fertiliser rates." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880143.
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Three rates of nitrogen fertiliser (88, 176 and 352 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate) and 3 of potassium (0, 220 and 440 kg K ha-l as potassium sulfate) were applied to mature Ellendale mandarin trees, in the Central Burnett district, Qld. Optimum yield response occurred at the I76 kg N ha-1 nitrogen rate but potassium treatments did not significantly affect yield. Rind was thinner and fruit colour better at the lowest nitrogen and potassium rate. Whereas nitrogen produced no effect on internal fruit quality, the ratio of total soluble solids:acid was depressed by the highest potassium rate as a result of increased acid content. For Ellendale mandarins under Queensland conditions the lowest potassium treatment produced smaller fruit with thinner rind and earlier colour development. The results indicate that the optimum nitrogen fertiliser application rate is 160-180 kg N ha-1 and that potassium fertilisers can impair fruit quality.
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Janamian, Tina, Peter O'Rourke, Stephen P. Myers, and Heàther Eastwood. "Information Resource Needs and Preference of Queensland General Practitioners on Complementary Medicines: Result of a Needs Assessment." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/810908.
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Objectives. To explore in a cohort of Queensland (Qld) GPs' their attitudes to; knowledge about; and practice behaviour regarding complementary medicines (CMs), and to identify their perceptions of need for information resources on CMs.Design. A faxed self-administered survey to a random sample of 800 GPs in Qld.Participants. 463 completed surveys were returned, representing a 58% response rate.Results. The majority of GPs had a positive attitude about incorporating CMs in their clinical practice; however, only 12% perceived they had adequate knowledge to be able to advise patients about CMs. GPs most preferred evidence-based resources for receiving information on CMs (fact sheets, booklets, and journals) that contain clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological information. Most GPs perceived a need for an information resource on herbal medicines, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, and nutritional supplements.Conclusion. GPs are open to integrating CMs into their clinical practice. They identify a current lack of knowledge coupled with a substantive level of interest to learn more. GPs perceive a high level of need for information resources on CMs. These resources should be developed and readily available to GPs to increase their knowledge about CMs and better equip them in communicating with patients about CMs use.
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Suckow, Axel, Alec Deslandes, Christoph Gerber, Sebastien Lamontagne, Dirk Mallants, Philip Davies, Andrew Taylor, et al. "Multi-isotope studies investigating recharge and inter-aquifer connectivity in coal seam gas areas (Qld, NSW) and shale gas areas (NT)." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19187.
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Large sedimentary basins with multiple aquifer systems like the Great Artesian Basin and the Beetaloo Sub-Basin are associated with large time and spatial scales for regional groundwater flow and mixing effects from inter-aquifer exchange. This makes them difficult to study using traditional hydrogeological investigation techniques. In continental onshore Australia, such sedimentary aquifer systems can also be important freshwater resources. These resources have become increasingly stressed because of growing demand and use of groundwater by multiple industries (e.g. stock, irrigation, mining, oil and gas). The social licence to operate for extractive oil and gas industries increasingly requires robust and reliable scientific evidence on the degree to which the target formations are vertically and laterally hydraulically separated from the aquifers supplying fresh water for stock and agricultural use. The complexity of such groundwater interactions can only be interpreted by applying multiple lines of evidence including environmental isotopes, hydrochemistry, hydrogeological and geophysical observations. We present an overview of multi-tracer studies from coal seam gas areas (Queensland and New South Wales) or areas targeted for shale gas development (Northern Territory). The focus was to investigate recharge to surficial karst and deep confined aquifer systems before industrial extraction on time scales of decades up to one million years and aquifer inter-connectivity at the formation scale. A systematic and consistent methodology is applied for the different case study areas aimed at building robust conceptual hydrogeological models that inform groundwater management and groundwater modelling. The tracer studies provided (i) in all areas increased confidence around recharge estimates, (ii) evidence for a dual-porosity flow system in the Hutton Sandstone (Queensland) and (iii) new insights into the connectivity, or lack thereof, of flow systems.
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Flapper, T. G., A. McKay, S. Hall, and P. Hill. "Using molecular tools to assess biofilms in onsite systems." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 7 (April 1, 2007): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.131.
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Onsite sewage treatment is growing in diversity, and in regulatory control across Australia. This is occurring for both blackwater and greywater treatment, as the drought impact deepens and more of the community are exposed to options for ‘managing’ their own water. Regulators in each State are drafting and implementing Guidelines to cover a range of on-site system scenarios. In addition, more and more decentralised options are being tendered for sewage management in the commercial world. In this project we aim to use novel molecular tools, in combination with traditional physical/chemical/biological methods, to understand onsite treatment in a more detailed manner. The system tested is a new peat based biofilter which can be used for greywater or blackwater application, and can be retrofitted to current sewage systems. This project has been based on the AquaReuse greywater system for demonstration purposes, showing the strength of the information gained from the use of novel tools. The two systems investigated are installed at a caravan park in New South Wales (NSW) and a domestic residence in Tamborine, Queensland (QLD). A 20-week intensive sampling and analysis program was followed. The project monitored standard analytes such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids (SS) and thermotolerant coliforms (TC). Additionally, we studied the biological community using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) on a monthly basis and full-cycle ribosomal RNA analysis (rRNA) for one sample to assess the biological community inhabitants. rRNA analysis at the NSW facility demonstrated a highly diverse biological community, in keeping with its long established operating period. In contrast, FISH analysis at the QLD installation showed a less diverse and younger community. rRNA and FISH identified organisms that are mostly associated with nutrient removing functions.
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Neira, Francisco J., Robert A. Perry, Christopher P. Burridge, Jeremy M. Lyle, and John P. Keane. "Molecular discrimination of shelf-spawned eggs of two co-occurring Trachurus spp. (Carangidae) in southeastern Australia: a key step to future egg-based biomass estimates." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (September 11, 2014): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu151.
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Abstract A molecular approach was successfully developed to discriminate between spawned eggs of the pelagic carangids Trachurus declivis and Trachurus novaezelandiae collected during ichthyoplankton surveys conducted in October 2002 and 2003 along shelf waters of Queensland (Qld) and New South Wales (NSW), in southeastern Australia (25o50′–37o30′S). Visually identified Trachurus eggs were subjected to mtDNA analysis by targeting specific fragments of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes, with three diagnostic sites (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) within a 297 bp segment of Cyt b (558, 588, 825) providing the best approach to discriminate between species. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of 608 suspected Trachurus eggs resulted in 586 (96.4%) high-quality sequences that unequivocally identified 315 and 207 eggs as T. declivis and T. novaezelandiae, respectively, as well as 18 “variant haplotype” eggs that exhibited a base substitution at one of the diagnostic sites; the remaining 46 sequences aligned to three different genera in GenBank including two carangids, thus highlighting the effectiveness of molecular methods for egg identification. Rehydrated, mtDNA-verified eggs of T. declivis were significantly larger (0.97 ± 0.01 mm) than those of T. novaezelandiae (0.82 ± 0.01 mm), though still proved problematic to identify to species when relying on morphology alone. Egg distributions showed main spawning areas of T. declivis and T. novaezelandiae confined mostly to southern NSW (>32°S) and northern NSW/southern Qld (<32°S), respectively, with T. novaezelandiae likely to continue spawning further south during summer with the gradual temperature increase associated with the south-flowing East Australian Current. Overall findings support the adoption of comparable molecular protocols to verify identification of wild spawned eggs to species level, especially eggs collected during the application of the daily egg production method to estimate spawning biomass of pelagic species, as well as biological fish studies.
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Suarez, Luz Angelica, Andrew Robson, John McPhee, Julie O’Halloran, and Celia van Sprang. "Accuracy of carrot yield forecasting using proximal hyperspectral and satellite multispectral data." Precision Agriculture 21, no. 6 (May 2, 2020): 1304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09722-6.
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Abstract Proximal and remote sensors have proved their effectiveness for the estimation of several biophysical and biochemical variables, including yield, in many different crops. Evaluation of their accuracy in vegetable crops is limited. This study explored the accuracy of proximal hyperspectral and satellite multispectral sensors (Sentinel-2 and WorldView-3) for the prediction of carrot root yield across three growing regions featuring different cropping configurations, seasons and soil conditions. Above ground biomass (AGB), canopy reflectance measurements and corresponding yield measures were collected from 414 sample sites in 24 fields in Western Australia (WA), Queensland (Qld) and Tasmania (Tas), Australia. The optimal sensor (hyperspectral or multispectral) was identified by the highest overall coefficient of determination between yield and different vegetation indices (VIs) whilst linear and non-linear models were tested to determine the best VIs and the impact of the spatial resolution. The optimal regression fit per region was used to extrapolate the point source measurements to all pixels in each sampled crop to produce a forecasted yield map and estimate average carrot root yield (t/ha) at the crop level. The latter were compared to commercial carrot root yield (t/ha) obtained from the growers to determine the accuracy of prediction. The measured yield varied from 17 to 113 t/ha across all crops, with forecasts of average yield achieving overall accuracies (% error) of 9.2% in WA, 10.2% in Qld and 12.7% in Tas. VIs derived from hyperspectral sensors produced poorer yield correlation coefficients (R2 < 0.1) than similar measures from the multispectral sensors (R2 < 0.57, p < 0.05). Increasing the spatial resolution from 10 to 1.2 m improved the regression performance by 69%. It is impossible to non-destructively estimate the pre-harvest spatial yield variability of root vegetables such as carrots. Hence, this method of yield forecasting offers great benefit for managing harvest logistics and forward selling decisions.
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Townsend, Philip. "Mobile Devices for Tertiary Study – Philosophy Meets Pragmatics for Remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.26.
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This paper outlines PhD research which suggests mobile learning fits the cultural philosophies and roles of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who are preservice teachers in the very remote Australian communities where the research was conducted. The problem which the research addresses is the low completion rates for two community-based Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programs in South Australia (SA) and Queensland (Qld). Over the past decade, the national completion rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in teacher training was 36 per cent, and in these two community-based programs it was less than 15 per cent. This paper identifies the perceptions of the benefits of using mobile devices by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who are preservice teachers in very remote communities. They report ways in which mobile learning supports their complex roles and provides pragmatic positive outcomes for their tertiary study in remote locations. The paper describes the apparent alignment between mobile learning and cosmology, ontology, epistemology and axiology, which may underpin both the popularity of mobile devices and the affordances of mobile learning.
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Gill, Neeraj S., Stephen Parker, Andrew Amos, Richard Lakeman, Mary Emeleus, Lisa Brophy, and Steve Kisely. "Opening the doors: Critically examining the locked wards policy for public mental health inpatient units in Queensland Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 9 (June 23, 2021): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674211025619.
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The Queensland Government issued a policy directive to lock all acute adult public mental health inpatient wards in 2013. Despite criticism from professional bodies and advocacy for an alternative, the policy has been retained to this day. A blanket directive to treat all psychiatric inpatients in a locked environment without individualised consideration of safety is inconsistent with least restrictive recovery-oriented care. It is against the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to which Australia is a signatory. It is also contrary to the main objects of the Mental Health Act 2016 (Qld). Queensland Health has reported a reduction in ‘absences without permission’ from psychiatric inpatient wards after the introduction of the locked wards policy; however, no in-depth analysis of the consequences of this policy has been conducted. It has been argued that patients returning late or not returning from approved leave is a more common event than patients ‘escaping’ from mental health wards, yet all may be counted as ‘absent without permission’ events. A review of the international literature found little evidence of reduced absconding from locked wards. Disadvantages for inpatients of locked wards include lowered self-esteem and autonomy, and a sense of exclusion, confinement and stigma. Locked wards are also associated with lower satisfaction with services and higher rates of medication refusal. On the contrary, there is significant international evidence that models of care like Safewards and having open door policies can improve the environment on inpatient units and may lead to less need for containment and restrictive practices. We recommend a review of the locked wards policy in light of human rights principles and international evidence.
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Junie, Lia Monica, Ionuț Isaia Jeican, Luminița Matroș, and Stanca Lucia Pandrea. "MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE COMMUNITY-ASSOCIATED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CLONES: A SYNTHETIC REVIEW." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 91, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-807.
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The article presents a synthetic molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and describes the most important community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones that circulate nowadays in the world: the main molecular and epidemiological characteristics, as well as notions related to the clinic of infections produced by these clones and their antibiotic resistance spectrum.The predominant clone of CA-MRSA in North America is USA300 – ST8-IV in North America, in Australia – Queensland (Qld) MRSA (ST93-IV), in Europe – ST80-IV, in Asia there is a high heterogeneity of clones population, in Africa the distribution of CA-MRSA clones is unclear, and in South America – USA 1100 and USA300-Latin American variant are predominant .The molecular diagnosis is performed by highly specialized institutions. The knowledge of clones allows the study of antibiotic resistance spectrum for each one, a fact of great importance for medical practice. Molecular epidemiology of the CA-MRSA shows that lowly restricted sales of antibiotics in shops and pharmacies, as well as medical prescribing practices without a laboratory investigation, especially in Eastern Europe and Asia, contribute to the development of new MRSA clones with increased resistance to antibiotics.
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Davies, Kerrie A., Faerlie Bartholomaeus, Dong Mei Li, Zeng Qi Zhao, Weimin Ye, and Robin M. Giblin-Davis. "Ficophagus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from sycones of Ficus subgenus Urostigma, sections Malvanthera and Urostigma, in eastern Australia." Nematology 22, no. 6 (July 14, 2020): 627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003327.
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Summary Ficophagus from collecting trips in eastern Australia, made over 15 years, are summarised and show that species of the genus occurred widely in sycones of Ficus, subgenus Urostigma, section Malvanthera. Two new species (based on morphological differences and molecular sequencing) are described: Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. from Ficus macrophylla, F. rubiginosa and F. obliqua, and Ficophagus richardi sp. n. from Ficus obliqua; and a morphospecies, Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus from Ficus obliqua. Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. is characterised by having the excretory pore (EP) opening from the level of the junction of the conus and shaft of the stylet to that of the knobs, a relatively long procorpus (1.0-2.5 times length of stylet), female tail with an obliquely truncate tail with a hyaline area and a finely to broadly rounded tip which may be mucronate; post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) ca one vulval body diam. (VBD) in length; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with distinct rostrum and prominent condylus; and genital papillae arranged as largest pair adcloacal, second pair posterior to mid-tail length, and third small pair near tail tip; and was collected from Sydney in New South Wales, to Bundaberg in Queensland (QLD). Ficophagus richardi sp. n. is characterised by having the EP opening at the level of the junction of the stylet shaft and conus, a labial cap which is raised around the opening for the stylet; procorpus 0.8-1.7 times length of the stylet, PUS <1 VBD in length, long uterus, and female tail with a V-shaped hyaline area at the bluntly rounded tip; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a small rostrum and prominent condylus, three pairs genital papillae, first and largest on anterior cloacal lip, second at 70% of tail length measured from cloacal aperture, and third near tip, and was collected from Ban Ban Springs in the south to the Bundaberg region in the mid-north of QLD. In addition, in the absence of pertinent molecular sequences, a morphospecies is described. Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus is characterised by having the EP opening anterior to the junction of the stylet conus and shaft, procorpus 0.9-2 times length of stylet, a short PUS usually <1 VBD long, short uterus, rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a raised condylus and prominent rostrum, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one adcloacal, one posterior to mid-tail and one near tail tip); and was collected from the Atherton Tableland, QLD. A table comparing morphological characteristics is provided to help with identification of Ficophagus nematodes from figs of the section Malvanthera in eastern Australia.
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WALKER, LIZ J., RHIANNON L. WALLACE, JAMES J. SMITH, TRUDY GRAHAM, THEMY SAPUTRA, SALLY SYMES, ANASTASIA STYLIANOPOULOS, BENJAMIN G. POLKINGHORNE, MARTYN D. KIRK, and KATHRYN GLASS. "Prevalence of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Chicken, Beef, Lamb, and Pork Products in Three Australian States." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 12 (November 15, 2019): 2126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-146.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Campylobacter species in a variety of fresh and frozen meat and offal products collected from retail outlets in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld), and Victoria (Vic). A total of 1,490 chicken, beef, lamb, and pork samples were collected from Australian supermarkets and butcher shops over a 2-year sampling period (October 2016 to October 2018). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 90% of chicken meat and 73% of chicken offal products (giblet and liver), with significantly lower prevalence in lamb (38%), pork (31%), and beef (14%) offal (kidney and liver). Although retail chicken meat was frequently contaminated with Campylobacter, the level of contamination was generally low. Where quantitative analysis was conducted, 98% of chicken meat samples, on average, had <10,000 CFU Campylobacter per carcass, with 10% <21 CFU per carcass. Campylobacter coli was the most frequently recovered species in chicken meat collected in NSW (53%) and Vic (56%) and in chicken offal collected in NSW (77%), Qld (59%), and Vic (58%). In beef, lamb, and pork offal, C. jejuni was generally the most common species (50 to 86%), with the exception of pork offal collected in NSW, where C. coli was more prevalent (69%). Campylobacter prevalence was significantly higher in fresh lamb (46%) and pork (31%) offal than in frozen offal (17 and 11%, respectively). For chicken, beef, and pork offal, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly higher on delicatessen products compared with prepackaged products. This study demonstrated that meat and offal products are frequently contaminated with Campylobacter. However, the prevalence is markedly different in different meats, and the level of chicken meat portion contamination is generally low. By identifying the types of meat and offal products types that pose the greatest risk of Campylobacter infection to consumers, targeted control strategies can be developed. HIGHLIGHTS