Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Queensland (QLD)'

The research described in this thesis has led to an understanding of the geochemical conditions controlling the formation, paragenesis and distribution of oxide zoner copper species in the Eastern Fold Belt of the Mt. Isa Inlier. This area is also known as the Cloncurry Complex. The regional geology and genesis of the copper deposits is reviewed and the deposits of particular interest to the study are described. Oxidation of pyrite and chalcopyrite by oxygen-bearing groundwater and the sources and mechanisms by which anions are carried by groundwater to reaction sites to form secondary copper species are discussed. Physical and chemical conditions control the development of particular species. Equilibrium phase diagrams have been constructed to represent stability fields. An explanation for the relative abundance and spatial distribution of the basic copper phosphates is provided. Stability field data supported by observations made on deposits in the Cloncurry district and elsewhere provides a basis for assessing the paragenesis and distribution of secondary copper species in this and similar environments. This is discussed and illustrated using the Great Australia mine as a model
Master of Science (Hons)

Historians have investigated for some time the nature and practice of colonial science. Some have seen it in terms of the spread of European influence and knowledge in an age of imperialism, others have studied it in particular local contexts. These studies identi& an emphasis on practical science and natural history, and a degree of dependence on experts resident at the European centre. More recent work thaws attention to the exchange of information that occurred between various sites on the periphery. In this thesis I investigate the nature and practice of science in Brisbane in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Brisbane was a small, isolated town, an administrative centre in a colony dominated by its pastoral industry. The govermnent, partly because of regular budgetary crises and partly because it could not perceive any public benefit, was not interested in funding science. The two scientific institutions - the Philosophical Society, which became the Royal Society in 1883, and the Acclimatisation Society - are studied in order to demonstrate the ways in which men with scientific interests organised themselves and attempted to influence the scientific agenda. I go on to trace the relationships and communication networks of the two men who are arguably the pre-eminent figures in nineteenth-century Queensland science, F. M. Bailey and Joseph Bancroft, in an attempt to determine what effect geographic and intellectual isolation, and lack of funding, had on their activities. Several themes emerge. First, although there was an emphasis as elsewhere on practical science and natural history, for some middle class men science was a social and cultural pursuit. These men, in seeking to re-create the institutions that they had left behind them in Britain, established social and political networks that helped to establish them in a new society. The continual inflow of new immigrants guaranteed an inflow of scientific culture and new technology. Second, acclimatisation and economic botany provided a focus for practical scientific activities. Through the leadership of Lewis Bernays, a public servant with no scientific background or training, acclimatisation became a respectable activity in which people from all over the colony participated. Acclimatisation represented the interface between science, technology and economic progress. Third, other men such as F. M. Bailey, the colonial botanist, and Dr Joseph Bancroft, who had many scientific interests, were intent on both expanding the body of knowledge and making use of what they considered useful knowledge for the benefit of the colony. A simple diffusion model does not explain adequately the complex conditions under which western science was pursued and established in a remote settler society such as Queensland.

Thesis (M.Sc.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours)". Bibliography : leaves 123-130.

At head of title: National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics. CD-ROM contains Appendices (1-10) in PDF. Includes copies of papers co-authored by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [471]-499 in vol. 2) Studies the provenance and diagenesis of the Merrimelia Formation in South Australia and Queensland; a complex mosaic of glacial facies in which the Tirrawarra Sandstone and Merrimelia Formation exhibit an interfingering relationship, and defines the relationship further. Indicates that the Tirrawarra Sandstone should be included in the Merrimelia Formation as a "facies type" as both the Merrimelia and Tirrawarra sediments form an integrated suite of sediments. System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer with Windows NT. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

The reliable operation of the electrical system at Callide Power Station is of extreme importance to the normal everyday running of the Station. The electrical system configuration and hardware are inherently very reliable. However, in all cases the failure of components such as circuit breakers, switchboards, and transformers would directly or indirectly effect the Station's capability to generate at full load capacity and hence maximise revenue. This study has applied the principles of reliability and has utilised a reliability software package to do an analysis on the electrical system at Callide Power Station. The study analyses other possible system configurations that could increase the reliability of the Station. The study identifies priority maintenance on load points displaying high reliability indices. An analysis was done on the impact of unusual system configurations such as Boiler Feed Pump motor startups. Using the results from the study an appropriate level of maintenance was suggested for the current Callide electrical system configuration and recommendations on the replacement of some 41 SV circuit breaker tripping toggles was made.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004.
Thesis submitted by Sally Marie Babidge, BA (Hons) UWA June 2004, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University. Bibliography: leaves 283-303.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2007.
Bibliography: leaves 426-449.
Introduction -- Founding a colonial settler society with 'the blessing of nobleman and parson' -- Exporting gentry values: Brisbane's first Anglican bishop -- A clerical caste? A different kind of gentleman? Clergy and their wives -- In their place: being English and being Anglican in early Queensland -- Brisbane Anglicans: a socio-economic profile -- Women's business: domesticity and upholding the faith -- Men's business: the public face of the Church -- Beyond one man's power: Anglican parish life -- Establishing a synod for the diocese -- Conclusion.
The mid-nineteenth century was marked by a rapid expansion of the Church of England throughout the British Empire, much of the impetus coming from missionary societies and ecclesiastical and political elites in England. In particular, High Churchmen promoted the extension of the episcopate to provide the colonies with a complete Anglican polity, and in an effort to transmit to the colony something of the Anglican/English culture they valued. The means used were the Colonial Bishoprics Fund (CBF) and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), both of which were supported by a Tory paternalist elite in England. This study concerns the foundation of the Diocese of Brisbane in 1859, which was a part of this expansion, and which was effected during the brief Tory administration of Lord Derby. It is unsurprising then, that the first Bishop of Brisbane, the Right Reverend E.W. Tufnell, came from the Tory High Church tradition. The clergy he took to the diocese were of a similar theological and social outlook.--The period from the proclamation of free settlement in the Moreton Bay District in 1842 to the departure of the bishop for retirement in England in 1874, was a period of rapid population growth, immigrants arriving mainly from Britain and Ireland. The policy of the imperial government was to try to balance the emigration from Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales in proportion to their population and religious denomination. This meant that Anglicans were not as strongly represented in the colonial population as in England; emigrants from the other three countries being much less likely to be Anglicans. The bulk of those arriving in Queensland were working class or petit bourgeois, so consequently the socio-economic structure of Anglicanism in Queensland did not reflect that in England. Moreover, by the time the first Anglican bishop arrived in Brisbane, all state support for religious purposes was withdrawn. The Church of England in Queensland had to adapt to these significant differences of context.--Drawing on parish and diocesan records, the records of SPG, CBF and other organisations in England, personal documents (diaries and letters) and newspapers, this survey of Anglicanism in Brisbane diocese in the early colonial period, charts some of the ways Anglicans devised to create a distinctively Anglican community. The gendered roles of Anglican men and women; the various ways in which parishes came into being, were administered and financed; and the creation of a diocesan synod all bear testimony to the adaptability of Anglicans to their colonial context. Though the framework of this study is provided by the institutional church, diocesan records are sparse, and much of the content concerns the Anglican laity. This has provided an opportunity to explore heretofore neglected aspects of Anglicanism. It is a small beginning in the writing of a 'bottom-up' history of the Anglican Church in Australia.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vi, 449 leaves ill

Land use practices over the last 200 years have dramatically altered the distribution and amount of riparian vegetation throughout many catchments in Australia. This has lead to a number of negative impacts including a decrease in water quality, an increase in sediment transport and a decrease in the quality of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The task of restoring the functions of riparian zones is an enormous one and requires spatial and temporal prioritisation. An analysis of the existing and historical functions of riparian zones and their spatial distribution is a major aid to this process and will enable efficient use of remediation resources. The approach developed in this thesis combines remote sensing, field measurement and terrain analysis to describe the distribution of five riparian zone functions: sediment trapping, bank stabilization, denitrification, stream shading and large woody debris production throughout a large semi-arid catchment in central Queensland.

In eastern Australia, the New England Fold Belt (NEFB) comprises an ancient convergent margin that was active from the Paleozoic until the late Mesozoic. Considerable effort has been expended in understanding the development of this margin over the past twenty years. However, proposed tectonic models for the orogen have either been too broad, ignoring contradictory local evidence, or too locally specific without paying attention to the 'big picture'. The research presented in this work addresses the issue of appropriate scale and depth of geological detail by studying the NEFB at the terrane-scale. Using one succession, the Silverwood Group of southeast Queensland, this work demonstrates that detailed sedimentological studies and basin analysis at the terrane-scale can help to refine hypotheses regarding the tectonic evolution of the NEFB. The Silverwood Group (Keinjan terrane), located approximately 140 km southwest of Brisbane, Australia, is a succession of arc-related basins that developed within an ancient intraoceanic island-arc during the mid-Cambrian to Late Devonian. From the base of the succession, the group consists of five formations totalling -9700 m. These include the Risdon Stud Formation (2500 m), Connolly Volcanics (2400 m), Bald Hill Formation (2450 m), Ormoral Volcanics (600 m) and the Bromley Hills Formation (1700 m). The Long Mountain Breccia Member (300m) is a separate unit which forms the lower part of the Bromley Hills Formation. The entire succession has been thrust west over the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Texas beds. Elsewhere, the Silverwood Group is unconformably overlain by and faulted against Early to Late Permian units including the Rokeby beds, Wallaby beds, Tunnel beds, Fitz Creek beds, Eight Mile Creek beds, Rhyolite Range beds and Condamine beds. Of these Permian units, all but the Condamine beds form part of the Wildash Succession. To the west, southwest and south, the Silverwood Group is intruded by the Late Triassic Herries and Stanthorpe Adamellites. All of these sequences and the two plutonic intrusives are unconformably overlain by the Jurassic sediments of the Marburg Sandstone. The Silverwood Group and Texas beds consist of various lithologies including grey, purple- grey, green and green-grey volcaniclastic conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones or mudstones, massive and laminated chert, polymict or monomict breccias, muddy breccias, muddy sandstones, and volcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks include various tholeiitic metabasites, dolerite, meta-andesites and infrequent metadacite. In the Silverwood Group, these volcanic rocks are often accompanied by mafic pyroclastic rocks (e.g. peperite and hyaloclastite). Facies analyses of these lithologies has led to the recognition of 19 deep-marine turbiditic and volcanic/volcaniclastic facies that were deposited by three main processes: i) gravity-flow processes (e.g. low- and high-density volcaniclastic turbidites and mass-flows), ii) chemical/biological processes (siliceous oozes- chert) and iii) direct initiation by volcanic processes (e.g. flows, hypabyssal intrusions and associated pyroclastic facies). For the Silverwood Group, the defined facies occur in distinct vertical associations that form recognisable 3rd and 4th-order architectural elements such as channel, levee, suprafan lobe, outer-fan, basin plain, mass transport complex, volcanic flows, syn-sedimentary sills and syn-sedimentary emergent cryptodomes. These architectural elements are represented in a series of deep-marine depositional environments including slope, shelf-edge failure, submarine-fan and subaqueous basaltic volcanoes. The Risdon Stud Formation and parts of the Connolly Volcanics were deposited along a 'normal' clastic or mud, mud/sand-rich and/or sand/mud-rich slope. Both upper and lower slope environments are represented and in both formations, the slope is speculated to have faced eastwards and prograded away from an active arc located west. Sediments from both successions accumulated at palaeodepths of 1200 to 2000 m. Although sediments from the upper part of the Bald Hill Formation were also deposited on a slope, these sequences have subsequently collapsed into the depocentre to form extensive slump deposits accompanied by olistoliths of older arc crust. The lower part of the Bald Hill Formation formed by similar processes, although the failure was far more extensive (>20 km along strike). This latter part of the formation is interpreted to be a major shelf-edge failure succession. Upper parts of the Bald Hill Formation also accumulated at palaeodepths of 1200 to 2000 m, but the deposition of these sediments occurred farthest from the shelf and at the greatest depth compared to the Risdon Stud Formation and Connolly Volcanics. Lower parts of the Bald Hill Formation were deposited at palaeodepths of approximately 1700 m. Subaqueous basaltic volcanoes are prominent in the Connolly Volcanics, Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics. In the Bald Hill Formation, igneous rocks were emplaced into the shelf-edge failure succession as a series of syn-sedimentary sills and cryptodomes. These high-level hypabyssal rocks occasionally became emergent above the sediment-water interface, whereupon they were partially resedimented. In some parts of the Bald Hill Formation, the hypabyssal intrusions were blanketed by basin plain deposits that are contemporaneous with the slumps and olistoliths in the upper part of the formation. The intrusive rocks were emplaced at 1700 m palaeodepth. Unlike the Bald Hill Formation, the Ormoral Volcanics and lower parts of the Connolly Volcanics form thick accumulations of extrusive volcanic and pyroclastic rocks that built a significant volcanic pile. Volcanic and pyroclastic facies within these successions were deposited proximal to their source (0-10 km of vent). Extrusive rocks within the Ormoral Volcanics are thought to be derived from intrabasinal fissure-vents located at palaeodepths of 1700 to 3100 m. Igneous rocks from the Connolly Volcanics, Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics have the petrological and geochemical characteristics of back-arc basin basalts (BAB) that were sourced from undepleted to slightly enriched Fertile MORB Mantle-wedge (FMM). The FMM material was variably enriched in trace elements by fluids derived from the subducting slab prior to emplacement of the igneous rocks. Immediately following emplacement, these rocks were hydrothermally metamorphosed under conditions of low-pressure and transitional low to high-temperature (200-300 °C). By contrast, igneous rocks within the Texas beds lack enrichment in subduction components and are characteristic of N-MORB. The Bromley Hills Formation is a sand-rich point-source submarine fan deposited at palaeodepths of 500 to 2000 m. The fan was initiated by a mass transport complex resulting from subaerial collapse of a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano. The submarine fan is characterised by two repetitive stages of retrogressive sedimentation during which channel-levee elements (inner-fan channels) are overlain by suprafan lobe elements (mid-fan) and then by outer-fan deposits as sea-level rises within the depocentre. Both inner-fan channels and suprafan lobes show centralised stacking patterns with limited lateral migration that indicate the depocentre was laterally restricted during sedimentation (e.g. submarine ridges). The Bromley Hills Formation exhibits all the characteristics typical of an active margin fan that formed by a combination of tectonic stage initiation followed by eustatically controlled regressive deposition. Volcaniclastic sediments of the Silverwood Group range in composition from lithic to lithic- feldspathic wackes and arenites, although they are mainly lithic or feldspathic-lithic wackes and arenites. Many samples are tuffaceous (25-75% pyroclasts), particularly those from the Connolly Volcanics, Ormoral Volcanics and Bromley Hills Formation. Samples in the Bald Hills Formation and Texas beds can be classified as quartz-rich. The majority of the Silverwood Group was sourced from an undissected intraoceanic island-arc, although sediments within the Bald Hill Formation exhibit a provenance that is characteristic of uplift within the arc (recorded as a 'strike-slip continental arc' model). Epiclastic sediments from the Texas beds were sourced from a transitional to dissected continental arc. Formations of the Silverwood Group were mostly deposited in a series of intra-arc basins within an ancient intra-oceanic island arc, although the lowermost formation developed in a marginal basin (Risdon Stud Formation). All of the basins were located east of the active arc (behind the arc), keeping in mind the present location of the Group relative to the Texas-Coffs Harbour megafold. The entire succession formed during four-phases of arc-related basin development that coincide with major changes in the strain regime of the arc. From the base of the succession, these changes are: I) mid Cambrian to late Silurian marginal basin sedimentation- relative compression within the arc (Risdon Stud Formation), II) late Silurian to Early Devonian intra-arc rifting- relative extension within the arc (Connolly Volcanics), Ill) Early to early Middle Devonian basin collapse followed by intra-arc rifting- relative extension to compression (Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics) and IV) early Middle to Late Devonian intra-arc submarine fan sedimentation- relative compression (Bromley Hills Formation). Comparing the Silverwood Group against equivalent terranes of Cambrian to Devonian age within the New England Fold Belt (NEFB) suggests that the Gamilaroi terrane, Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, Willowie Creek beds and Silverwood Group all formed as one intraoceanic island-arc during the Early to Late Devonian. Prior to this, significant differences in the sedimentological evolution of these terranes suggests that they occupied different positions relative to each other within the one arc. It is proposed that the NEFB formed as a result of dual west-directed subduction zones during the Cambrian to Middle Devonian period. During this time, a single intraoceanic island-arc located seaward of the Australian craton developed above a west-directed subduction zone. This arc was separated from the craton by a marginal sea. A second west-directed subduction zone was located beneath a continental arc developed on the Australian craton. Cambrian to Early Devonian terranes within and along the Peel Fault are proposed to form a part of the ancient subduction zone present beneath the intraoceanic island-arc (Weraerai and Djungati terranes). Collision of the intraoceanic island-arc occurred during the Late Devonian, at which point west-directed subduction occurred beneath the Australian craton and the accreted intraoceanic island-arc. Following collision, a new continental volcanic arc was established that was active during the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous.

Land policy and law are fundamental to the development of the State of Queensland; and instrumental in wreaking disastrous environmental consequences on privately held rural land. Such policy and laws have been indelibly shaped by prolonged political cycles and ideologies of successive State administrations. In the second half of the 1950s, a non-Labor government took office and held power for 32 years. This era encouraged, and often legally required, unsustainable land management practices. The demise of this conservative regime came in 1989: Queensland Labor took office and enacted a raft of environmental laws as part of a general shift towards biodiversity conservation. This research was undertaken primarily during this latest Queensland Labor administration. Two environmental statutes were examined. The Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) (VMA) was a new statute enacted to redress the effects of broadscale land clearing on freehold land. The Land Act 1994 (Qld) (LA) was an existing statute upon which requirements for sustainable management on leasehold land were grafted. The aim of this thesis has been to advance understanding of natural resource legislation and contribute to the body of knowledge on State environmental laws. Each law is examined in the traditional doctrinal manner, adopting a conventional positivist approach and accompanied by socio-legal research. This methodology brings an insight into environmental law and the reality of the Queensland legislature and legal practice. This is achieved by analysing the circumstances which led to the creation of each law, including the political and parliamentary setting within which the laws were made; and by exploring the process of implementation. To assist the focus of this study, the thesis explores a series of research questions. Each designed to elicit an understanding of the making and implementation of environmental laws and to effectively link each component of the thesis to provide an integrated work. Both environmental laws aimed to rectify the degradation of rural land caused by unsustainable policy and law. Notwithstanding this common environmental endeavour, the making and implementation of each statute differed. The VMA has been one of the most controversial pieces of legislation to be made and implemented in the last decade of the Queensland parliament; conversely, amendments to the LA, never reached the same level of controversy. This thesis ultimately asks why the statutes differed and advances a range of explanatory reasons. By exploring this question, the thesis aims to show that the public environmental good, and long-term sustainability of rural land, can be more readily achieved with leasehold title. The concern, as discussed in the concluding chapter, is that leasehold tenure might be facing its own expiry in Queensland.

Patterns in the archaeological record result from cultural activities and/or non-cultural processes acting before, during and after deposition or they form through post{u00AD}depositional environmental processes. Archaeologists investigating site formation processes seek to differentiate between these events. This research project was developed to determine whether patterns of artefact distribution in the Kenniff Cave deposit are a reflection of the discard of artefacts at any given time or have been created by post-depositional events. An artefact refitting program resulted in the documentation of 88 conjoin sets consisting of two to 45 pieces per set from the Holocene layers of Kenniff Cave. Three dimensional graphical illustrations of the varied vertical and horizontal distribution of selected conjoin sets highlight the need for a detailed investigation of site structure and taphonomic history before interpretation of cultural assemblages and chronological data. The impact that these data have upon the chronological framework previously used to model changes in Australian prehistory is examined.

Ch. 1. Introduction -- Ch. 2. Sequence stratigraphy -- Ch. 3. Fluvial-lacustrine depositional systems -- Ch. 4. Chronostratigraphy -- Ch. 5.Depositional analogues -- Ch. 6. Estimating channel belt width -- Ch. 7. Facies mapping -- Ch. 8. Conclusions -- Ch. 9. Implications for petroleum development. "It has been demonstrated that the use of sequence stratigraphic concepts to build chronostratigraphic frameworks (comprised of genetically related intervals) can assist facies mapping, and thus delineation of channel belts with optimum reservoir facies and connectivity." "The use of empirical data and modern and ancient depositional analogues is the key to understanding the spatial variability of depositional facies within fluvial-lacustrine settings." --p. 32.
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002

I have chosen to begin my thesis with a quote from Foucault for a very specific reason. The reason is this: whereas the ancient practice of history attempted to transform the material by-products of human actions (monuments in Foucault's words) into documents, the underlying assumption behind this work is that I have begun with a document, which I have transformed as a result of the investigations reported in this thesis. The resultant work is itself a monument, which is a product of the socio-cultural conventions through which I, as analyst, have filtered the "data". Now by using the word "history" I refer to the practice of attempting to understand, or decipher, the past. I do not, of course, begin with the assumption that history can be retrieved from its material remains: rather, the practice of history is a transformation. To use Foucault's words, it is an attempt to define the "unities, totalities, series and relations" within the documentary material (Foucault, 1974: 7). The document is not an inert material, in which the historical truth, as past reality, is frozen; it is not a fundamental memory of history. History, rather, reflects the way in which a society perceives its present reality in the face of amassed documentation: it is the current social relations which transforms historical truths into new ones, through the system of ideas to which the analyst has been subjected. As De Saussure (1959: 67) states, a document, as a work represented by symbolic expression (language), is a combination of a concept (symbol as signified) and of an image (symbol as signifier). It is the ideas associated with the document that gives the latter meaning.

This thesis is an ethnographic and historical account of art and identity production by Indigenous artists in far north Queensland, Australia. It explores how both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists begin to understand and express their Indigeneity through artwork in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art studio in the Tropical North Queensland College of Technical and Further Education (TNQT TAFE), Cairns. It examines why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people choose to enter into the TNQT Indigenous arts program, how they navigate the expectations of the course and the arts market, while highlighting the complexities and difficulties of being an Indigenous artist. The history of this unique program - the first of its kind in Australia - explores the desires of the students who first created it in 1984 as well as the students who enter through the studio doors in 2010. The studio demands a certain form of expression and 'cultural' knowledge, which fits well with some students and not so well with others. Looking at the artworks painted, dyed, carved and printed in the studio gives testament to the various ways in which students engage with the issues of representation and how they understand their place in the world. "Deadly" was the highest compliment an Indigenous artist could give an artwork inside the studio and the concept is defined as the basis from which an Indigenous artwork is recognised, promoted and accepted. What is or is not deadly centres around contested spaces and ideas of 'culture' - a concept which has been enmeshed with concepts of identity. The history of Indigenous art production in Queensland, along with the purposeful development of an art market and the effects of government policies in conceptualising that market, has been largely left unexplored but has had an enormous effect on the development and expression of Indigenous identity and approaches to an objectified idea of culture as something which is visible rather than internal. This thesis looks at how contemporary, urban Indigenous artists face a number of stereotypes and public expectations when producing artworks. These expectations create a range of tensions for artists that stem from both the success of works from the Northern Territory as well as the past policies of the Queensland government. In particular, it will be shown that the actions of the government body established in the 1950s to create a market for Aboriginal art, Queensland Aboriginal Creations (QAC) has left a mixed legacy for Queensland Indigenous artists. Their art styles have been misinterpreted as derivative copies of 'true' Indigenous works and the positive outcomes that have come from QAC's engagement with communities and artist has not been fully recognised. The legacy of QAC continues on to today and the TNQT Cairns Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art studio reflects these tensions in Indigenous art.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Introduction: Investment in new hospital infrastructure is one of the most costly investments that governments make in Australia, yet construction responses often fail to take into account the need for close collaboration with key stakeholders to achieve the intended outcomes. Given the projected demands on Emergency Departments (EDs) and health care into the future, it is important that the efficiency and effectiveness of these investments are maximised. Research is required to provide evidence-based recommendations for future policy and practice. Aim: To identify whether upgrades/expansions of Emergency Department facilities through capital expenditure result in increases in throughput and/or efficiency in Emergency Departments. Method: This study critically examines the construction of new Emergency Department facilities in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD). Quantitative analysis is used to test the effects of various strategies to address improved performance against Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), with a particular focus on construction as a high-cost strategy with long-term implications and resource impacts.

Bibliography: leaves 94-105.
xvi, 105, [91] leaves : ill. (some col), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm. 50 maps in box; 35 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1995?

Bibliography: leaves 94-105.
xvi, 105, [91] leaves : ill. (some col), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm. 50 maps in box; 35 cm.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1995?

This multidisciplinary doctoral research project investigated visitor impacts and visitor experiences associated with two long-distance walking tracks within the Wet Tropics region of North Queensland, Australia. A literature review demonstrated there has been minimal research conducted to date in relation to the biophysical impacts and psychosocial experiences of long-distance walkers in all locations, but particularly within the Wet Tropics region. Since encounters between visitors and a recreational site have the potential to generate either positive or negative biophysical and social impacts at the setting, in addition to positive or negative psychological impacts for the individual user (Bentrupperbäumer and Reser, 2000), this project represented a timely attempt to examine both research avenues from theoretical and applied perspectives. Both long-distance walking tracks investigated in this research were located within World Heritage listed protected areas. World Heritage listing is an acknowledgement that locations possess international significance and places particular responsibilities upon management agencies to conserve, present, rehabilitate, and transmit their attributes to future generations (Wet Tropics Management Authority, 2000). The Mt Bartle Frere Track is situated within Wooroonooran National Park in the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, while the Thorsborne Trail is located on Hinchinbrook Island National Park within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. This research utilised a range of methodologies derived from both the natural and social sciences, and a human-environment transactional model specifically developed for outdoor recreation settings (Bentrupperbäumer and Reser, 2000, 2002) was adopted as the overarching theoretical and analytical framework for the study. Biophysical impacts were assessed using rapid assessment methodology following the selection of a range of suitable environmental indicators. Impacts were recorded within one metre square quadrats and along 20 metre linear transects at 100 sampling points on each track. Spatial comparisons were made among sampling zones (tread, buffer, and control), and vegetation types on each track. Temporal comparisons were made between wet and dry season results. Psychosocial experiences were assessed using a self-report questionnaire administered to hikers via a range of distribution methods over a one year period using a convenience sampling strategy. Spatial comparisons indicated that biophysical impacts were predominantly confined to the tread and buffer zones, and were more prevalent in proximity to locations where hikers congregated such as camping grounds, lookouts, and swimming holes. The biophysical impacts that were of most concern on the Mt Bartle Frere Track included track widening, exposed mineral soil, erosion, and the inadequate disposal of human body waste. Trampling impacts of most concern on the Thorsborne Trail included exposed mineral soil, human littering, human vegetation damage, and social trails. Temporal comparisons of biophysical impacts between wet and dry season sampling suggested that some track widening occurred during the wet season on both tracks, presumably as a consequence of hikers attempting to avoid muddy or waterlogged track sections. Exposed mineral soil was most prevalent during the dry season on both tracks when visitation levels were highest. Mean organic litter depth was deepest during the wet season on both tracks, with significant seasonal reductions in litter being recorded on the Mt Bartle Frere Track. Incidences of human vegetation damage were also more widespread during the wet season on both tracks. Seasonal comparisons of biophysical impacts were discussed from a recreation ecology perspective using the concepts of resistance and resilience. Psychosocial experience surveys (N = 623) provided a number of insights in relation to the profile of long-distance walkers using these two tracks. Respondents were typically young, well educated, highly experienced in the use of long-distance tracks, and primarily had experiential-based motivations for undertaking their walk. A substantial proportion of respondents were either repeat visitors or had learnt about the existence of their respective tracks via word of mouth, while only a minority of hikers had used formal information sources such as visitor information centres and the internet. While a majority of respondents positively appraised the natural, built, and social environments they encountered, many also identified a number of specific factors that had detracted from their experiences. Respondents from the Mt Bartle Frere Track were most concerned about the prevalence of soil erosion, feral animals, and the lack of track marking to assist wayfinding. Thorsborne Trail respondents were most concerned about the number of other people they encountered in camp grounds, encounters with large groups, human litter, and feral animals. Although a majority of respondents from both locations approved of current track management, many indicated their support for a range of possible management interventions. Most respondents from each track were generally satisfied with their overall experience and the vast majority would be willing to undertake their respective hikes again, although satisfaction levels were higher among Thorsborne Trail respondents. This research has enhanced theoretical understandings of human-environment transactions within a long-distance walking track context. These were explored in some detail using a conceptual mapping progression that compared the relative contributions that different domains within the human-environment transactional model make to experiences within different outdoor recreation settings. The research also made a number of scientific contributions to the human-environment transactional model through reaffirming and extending the model’s core aspects of multidisciplinarity, simultaneous assessment, multidimensionality, reciprocity and interconnectedness. Use of the human-environment transactional model has also provided a number of applied insights that may assist managers to better understand the linkages that exist between impact upon environment and impact upon people and the interconnectedness of human behaviour/experience/biophysical impact. The research has enabled the formulation of a number of general principles that will hopefully assist management of other long-distance walking tracks within the Wet Tropics region and also generated a number of specific site and visitor management recommendations for each track, some of which have already been implemented. The results obtained from these tracks can be cautiously extrapolated to other long-distance walking tracks within tropical rainforest environments provided that site-specific factors are taken into consideration.

This project was about assisting the Lifelong Learning Council Queensland Inc (LLCQ) to establish itself as a state-wide peak body for Adult and Community Education (ACE). It investigated the conditions, forces and influences that impacted on the establishment of the LLCQ and developed strategies to overcome problems and to maximise the effectiveness of available resources. Contextual influences investigated as part of the study included social, political, economic and technological dimensions.

The project reviewed the underpinning concepts and related literature and gathered data from ACE practitioners using an Appreciative Inquiry approach. Members of the LLCQ Advisory Committee validated the data in an Action Foresight Learning Circle. From this information, the researcher developed alternative organisational models, future scenarios and enabling strategies that were presented to the LLCQ for consideration at its 2004 Strategic Planning Workshop.

Projects aims

The broad aims for establishing the peak body were as follows.

• Promote the importance of ACE as an integral part of lifelong learning at a time of major social and economic change, and increase participation in lifelong learning in all its forms.
• Develop an advocacy mechanism for ACE and lifelong learning in Queensland to assist in developing a collective voice for learners and providers.
• providers.
• Decentralise the LLCQ and develop state-wide decision making processes.
• Help identify and assess the needs of ACE learners and providers in their local communities.
• Provide feedback about ACE and lifelong learning from the communities to appropriate agencies at the state level and via formal advisory structures such as the Training and Employment Board.
• Assist with organising professional development for providers.
• Secure an on-going funding base.
• Promote the integration and coordination of ACE activities already happening in local environments to develop the notion of a learning community.

Project outcomes

At the end of the project LLCQ will have achieved the following outcomes.

1. Grown from an organisation with the majority of its membership based in Brisbane to a networked organisation linking members and communities of practice in all parts of the state.
2. Established between five and ten branches across the state.
3. Launched its own website.
4. Developed an on-line directory of ACE providers.
5. Secured an on -going income stream to fund its operations.

Introduction: The Mackay campus of Central Queensland University (CQU) celebrated its tenth birthday on the 19th April, 1997. The focus of this occasion was a dinner attended by members of the Mackay Advisory Committee who had been involved in the establishment of the campus.

The seasonal periodicity of hydrology, physical and chemical water quality parameters and phytoplanktonic assemblages was studied at two sites in a large tropical Australian riverine impoundment. This study, the first in the lower Fitzroy River at Rockhampton, occurred between August 1990 and November 1993. It covered extremes in riverine flow conditions including major flooding and drought.

The annual flow regime was characterized by major flows in the "wet" season (summer and autumn) and greatly reduced or no flow in the "dry" season of winter, spring and sometimes early summer. Consequently, the thermal regime at both of the study sites was divided into two phases. The first was a phase of water column heating in the late winter to early summer. Features of this heating phase were long term stratification with progressive epilimnetic deepening, high pH, regular occurrence of epilimnetic oxygen supersaturation and decreased or undetectable levels of oxidized nitrogen in the surface layer. Hypolimnetic anoxia was recorded late in this phase. The second, between substantial wet season inflows and late winter was characterized by nutrient rich inflows and water column cooling and mixing.

Distinct interannual differences occurred in the volume, source and timing of inflows and subsequent water chemistry. In 1991, conductivity, water clarity, filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) and pH increased markedly following major flooding from northern tributaries, while oxidized nitrogen decreased. This was in marked contrast to the drier years of 1992 and 1993 where turbidity and oxidized nitrogen were higher during the initial post-flood period and conductivity and FRP were lower. Extremes of mostly abiogenic turbidity (range 1.6 to 159 NTU) were a feature of the light climate. Ratios of euphotic depth/mixing depth below 0.3 occurred in early 1992 and 1993.

Steep gradients in the physical and chemical environment were paralleled by variations in the phytoplankton. Algal biomass (as chlorophyll a) at Site 1, midstream opposite the water intake for the city of Rockhampton, ranged from 1.5 to 56.6 ug L-1. The vertical water column distribution of chlorophyll was variable with assemblages normally dominated by phytoflagellates and various species of cyanoprokaryotes. There was also higher relative abundance of chlorophyll a (reflecting increasing dominance of cyanoprokaryotes) in the latter half of the year and at the lower end of light availability. The specific vertical water column positioning with respect to light and temperature is shown for assemblages dominated by the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Cylindrospermopsis.

The most striking aspect of the phytoplankton was the long term dominance of cyanoprokaryotes and the species richness (particularly that of cyanoprokaryotes) when compared with the dearth of information to date on other tropical rivers. Seasonal successions were varied. Regularly occurring assemblages were cyanoprokaryotes (Oscillatoriales), euglenophytes or non-flagellated chlorophytes during flows followed by flagellated chlorophytes and then cyanoprokaryotes (Nostocales) during the dry season. Genera present indicated highly eutrophic conditions. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering of phytoplankton data and comparison with a principal components analysis of corresponding environmental data were used to demonstrate the linkage between steep environmental gradients and variation in the phytoplankton assemblage. The specific environmental conditions associated with the success of various species were also analysed and presented. Using the above information, a two-part model was proposed which predicts the most likely genera of phytoplankton with respect to multidimensional environmental gradients. This model covers a wide gamut of conditions varying from highly variable lotic to lentic environments.

As Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was considered a most important species in relation to the quality of the water supply for Rockhampton, the physical, chemical and biotic conditions prior to and during a bloom of this species are described. A number of possible grazers of C. raciborskii were identified with a view to future biomanipulation. One of these, the large ciliate, Paramecium cf. caudatum was found to be an effective grazer of toxic straight C. raciborskii in the laboratory.

This study is unique in that it analyses the impact of episodic events (eg. major flooding) on the subsequent phytoplankton in the lower Fitzroy River. The model relating phytoplankton to multidimensional environmental gradients provides great information for use in management, particularly in relation to the prediction of toxic algal blooms.

This study addresses the degree of satisfaction of participants who have completed purchasing training courses within a Certification System and the extent that the objectives of these courses align with participants' work needs. This research is relevant by contributing to two organisations. It also provides future application to the specific industry in which the research is situated as purchasing processes are similar across private sector, public sector and non profit sector.

The development of the research strategy for this study was an iterative process as research questions were developed and refined as part of routine work practices. The choice of methodology was driven by the researcher's desire to meet managers' and business researchers' expectations that problem solving efforts should relate in clear statements of research questions and research objectives. This was important as this research is focused on an investigation where the outcomes provide information concerning a specific training intervention for those in the workforce with purchasing responsibilities.

The results from the research provided evidence that people who have completed the courses have recognised that there is both a learning and a career pathway for those with purchasing responsibilities. This recognition is desirable if purchasing, as a function in organisations is to be more strategic in its focus. The training courses of the Certification System meet the needs of purchasing staff and the training has begun to impact on the culture in the public sector.

A tangible outcome of this research has been the development of a questionnaire to collect data about courses and the System. This questionnaire has been used in the field and is now available for future use to conduct further studies that can add to the sample selection and further articulate the level of sophistication of the role of purchasing as a strategic function in organisations.

The trans disciplinary perspective of this research has offered the prospect of generating relevant knowledge and skills and new ways of solving problems for the purchasing field (CQU 2002). The application of the findings and use of the questionnaire developed as part of the research begin to link the worlds of business, work and education. Whilst the findings from this research are specific to the actual context, they may be used to inform considerations of potential stakeholders.

At head of title: National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics.
CD-ROM contains Appendices (1-10) in PDF.
Includes copies of papers co-authored by the author.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [471]-499 in vol. 2)
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer with Windows NT. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
2 v. (various pagings) : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Studies the provenance and diagenesis of the Merrimelia Formation in South Australia and Queensland; a complex mosaic of glacial facies in which the Tirrawarra Sandstone and Merrimelia Formation exhibit an interfingering relationship, and defines the relationship further. Indicates that the Tirrawarra Sandstone should be included in the Merrimelia Formation as a "facies type" as both the Merrimelia and Tirrawarra sediments form an integrated suite of sediments.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology, 2000?

At head of title: National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics.
CD-ROM contains Appendices (1-10) in PDF.
Includes copies of papers co-authored by the author.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [471]-499 in vol. 2)
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer with Windows NT. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
2 v. (various pagings) : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
Studies the provenance and diagenesis of the Merrimelia Formation in South Australia and Queensland; a complex mosaic of glacial facies in which the Tirrawarra Sandstone and Merrimelia Formation exhibit an interfingering relationship, and defines the relationship further. Indicates that the Tirrawarra Sandstone should be included in the Merrimelia Formation as a "facies type" as both the Merrimelia and Tirrawarra sediments form an integrated suite of sediments.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology, 2000?

This thesis explores and describes the history of professional entry-level pharmacy education and its relationship to contemporary pharmacy practice in Queensland, in consequence of the transition from an Apprenticeship based training scheme to a university based Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree course in 1960. In so doing, particular reference is made to the development of pharmacy practice in Rockhampton, a major Central Queensland regional centre. The review program is undertaken within a broad historical background eliciting the changing role of pharmacy from historical arcane craft to complex science. Firstly, the evolution of pharmacy practice in Great Britain as the progenitor of Australian pharmacy is mapped; secondly, aspects of pre-degree pharmacy practice and education in Australia are explored; thirdly, the transition era spanning the advocacy, establishment, progression and consolidation of a pharmacy degree course at the University of Queensland is traversed by means of the retrospective perceptions of contemporary students in the light of their subsequent career path experiences. Influences on the replacement of an apprenticeship education in Queensland by a university degree are examined and the sometimes conflicting demands of contemporary education philosophies and professional practice realities are investigated. Refinements in educational philosophy and its implementation during the maturing phases of the degree course are charted and changes appraised during a time span over which the essential and recognisable elements of modern pharmaceutical practice and education strategy became manifest. The academic peaks and troughs of the new educational format in the context of contemporary practice are discussed and from them are derived conclusions for the further successful consolidation of multidisciplinary healthcare education and practice. The incursion of pharmacy practice into the domain of acute patient care in private hospitals - formerly the almost exclusive prerogative of medical and nursing personnel - is investigated through a regional case study. The local acceptance of clinical pharmacy by members of the health care team is evaluated and implications for practice are considered.

The 'lack' of women in higher-level administrative positions within the Australian schooling system has long been a subject of debate and concern. Although women comprise over seventy percent of the teaching population in Queensland schools, they are generally represented in twenty five percent of principal positions. Attempts to address this 'problem' have met with little success. In many cases these theories and solutions proposed (based on phallocentric binaries which positions women as the same as complementary to or different from), do little to recognise differences within and among individual women educational leaders.

Drawing on a theoretical framework known as nomadic feminism provided by Rosi Braidotti, this thesis moves away from these traditions by working to identify three levels of difference within a particular group of six women principals in Queensland Australia: differences between women and men within similar positions; differences among the women and differences within individual women.

To begin, I conceptualise and present this thesis as a collective metamorphosis because it highlights a commitment to working at the political or collective level of moving beyond restrictive definitions of women and because it is fundamentally a mapping of change:

• change within the lives of these six women
• change within the concept of the principalship
• change within social attitudes to women principals
• change within me as a feminist nomadic researcher
• changes in the way the subject position Woman-principal is understood.

This charting is mapped out across seven chapters. The first chapter outlines the significance of focusing on difference and employing a feminist nomadic framework. Chapter two establishes the context of this research by laying out an analysis of feminist theory and educational leadership research and substantiates the need for research that focuses specifically on women principals and difference. Chapter three is divided into two sections. Section one provides a map for this research in the form of a feminist nomadic methodology and for this I draw heavily on the work of feminist theorists such as Braidotti, Grosz, Hekman, Irigaray and Haraway. Section two outlines the design of the research and discusses the research methods used-making vital links between theory and practice.

The data analysis is carried out over the next three chapters. Chapter four explores the differences between men and women in the principalship and establishes the need to connect this research to the bodily experiences of individual women and to the political project of feminism. Chapter five charts the differences among these six women and in the process it establishes the political significance of the recognition of signs of difference such as age, race, sexuality, class, religion and other more personal differences. The last data analysis chapter maps the differences within individual women of this research and argues for the fluidity rather than fixity of the identities of women principals.

This thesis ends by looking forward, suggesting questions to be addressed in the future, as well as providing an overview of the benefits such a nomadic reading can provide. Highlighting the differences between women and men, among women and within individual women principals' challenges entrenched myths/scripts of the principalship by drawing attention to the complexity of these six women and moves to encourage a diversity of teachers to consider the possibility of becoming principals.

The aims of the present study were to (a) evaluate and to compare the adequacy of a social psychological model and a cognitive appraisal model in predicting intention and action with respect to the adoption of protective health behaviours, (b) investigate the direction and strength of the path coefficients linking the predictor and criterion variables in each model in order to determine which predictor variables played a significant role in the (non)adoption of protective health behaviours, and (c) investigate the direct and indirect roles that gender role and SES play in determining the decision to adopt or not to adopt protective health behaviours. Existing knowledge about disease and illness makes it imperative for health researchers to understand the factors involved in reducing exposure to these endemic threats. Whilst extensive research has been carried out to investigate health beliefs and health threats, most of the results that have been obtained have been descriptive in nature. They say very little about how males and females internalise and conceptualise the identified social psychological and cognitive appraisal variables or how these variables influence the health decision-making process. Two theoretical models were developed to represent the decision-making process regarding the adoption of good health behaviours. A total of 550 males and 759 females (total n = 1,309) from Rockhampton and Gladstone in the State of Queensland, Australia, participated in the study by responding to one of three questionnaires designed to measure the study's critical variables. Whilst the overall findings generally supported the decision-making process represented by both models, the results indicated that the social psychological model represented a better predictor of the health decision-making process than the cognitive appraisal model. The findings also indicated that high masculinity combined with low femininity and a low SES directly decreased the motivation of males and females to adopt protective health behaviours when confronted by a health threat. Finally, for both models, the results indicated that the exogenous variables of gender role and SES had both direct and indirect influences on behavioural intention and action for males and females across the three disease dimensions. The implications of the findings with regards to differences in male and female health status are discussed.

Section 17(1) of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) (‘ACPA’) provides that ‘[a] person in charge of an animal owes a duty of care to it’. Until the Northern Territory adopted that same expression in its Animal Welfare Act, the ACPA was the only animal protection statute in Australia that suggested that a nonhuman animal is owed a duty. What is at stake in this thesis is the contrasting of that legal duty, posited to derive legal justice, with Derridean justice that demands that a duty is owed to other beings. This research addresses the question: could s 17 of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) represent a Derridean justice-based approach to animal protections? To address this question, this thesis develops a legal and contextual analysis of ACPA s 17. It also applies Derrida’s proposition of deconstructions to ferret-out how rationality, embedded in the metaphysics of presence, gets-to-work in law. The purpose is to test if ACPA s 17 delivers what it promises. This research examines whether ACPA s 17 provides any undoing of the Western inheritance, which through rationality justifies using, mistreating, and slaughtering nonhuman animals for human animal ends. Within this research, ACPA s 17 is examined in context to the Western cultural trace that Derrida described as a ‘culture of sacrifice’. Derrida’s lens offers a unique perspective since he provided a different accounting of beingness. That is one that breaks down human-animal difference. It enables contrasting of Western conceptions of duties and rights that continue to rely on rationality as bases for ‘ethics’. The deconstructive approach highlights our Western modes of thinking and reasoning that reinstitute that violent culture of sacrifice. This research offers: a rich discussion of relevant Derridean propositions; a contrasting of Anglo-American and Continental perspectives of what is thought to be owed to nonhuman animals, a survey of neurosciences to ascertain if Derrida’s propositions of beingness remain credible, and various approaches to legal contextualisation of ACPA s 17. The new knowledge developed in the research includes a rich legal characterisation of ACPA s 17. The research finds that, in contrast to existing commentary, ACPA s 17 is not an implementation of ‘negligence’, and neither could it be properly described as implementing a ‘guardianship’ model. It is a regulatory type offence that is constrained by many layers of anthropocentric law. Various problems that limit the effect of ACPA s 17 are highlighted. The research makes suggestions for law reform. The thesis finally brings together the traces gathered in the research, through a legal analysis, and a deconstructive reading, of a relevant appeal case. Unfortunately, ACPA s 17 does not institute a legal duty that is owed to nonhuman animals. Neither does it appear to be an opening toward Derridean justice.

Far North Queensland covers an area in the tropics that extends roughly from Cardwell on Australia's east coast to the tip of Cape York Peninsula. The city of Cairns is its administrative centre. Europeans first began moving into the inland parts of this reeion in the 1860s but the mountains and tablelands along the eastern hinterland were clothed in thick, tropical rainforest that defied efforts to develop transport routes between inland settlements and potential ports along the east coast. Colonisation could not have occurred without the provision of roads, and colonial and state governments played a leading role in this, driven by the demands of settlers who were both road builders and users.

This thesis demonstrates the significance of roads in the development of Far North Queensland from the 1860s to the 1960s. Within the context of the overall pioneer project of which road construction was a key part, it examines the leading role played by government, the technological advances that influenced the development of a road network, the contribution of people who worked on road construction, and the demands of road users that influenced their location and the rate of construction. It posits that the process of developing a road network contributed to the formation of a 'pioneer legend' in Far North Queensland, which had its origins in geographical remoteness and a challenging physical environment.

The introduction of a new computerised School Management System (SMS) into Queensland school offices in 1996 is linked to broad shifts in public sector workplace reform under the rhetoric of flexibility and efficiency through new information technologies. This study provides a socio-technical exploration of how the globalising interests of the capitalist state materialise as work practices through the institution of a new, computerised management system, with a focus on the 'engineering' work efforts of the female administration workers in specific school sites.

The study takes place during the initial phase of the introduction of SMS into two school offices in regional Queensland, taking advantage of the rare opportunity to see the innovation before it becomes normalised practice. The research was conducted first as policy analysis and then in two school offices with the researcher working as participant/observer during the initial phase-in of SMS. The data is presented as ten 'stories' which are analysed in three data chapters whose foci are state networks, the work of innovation and gendered work. Using the framework of Actor Network Theory (e.g.Callon 1986; Latour 1991; Law 1986,1997), it is possible to see the early policy phase of SMS as globalising networks of the state working to stabilise sociotechnical relations that promote initiatives for Information Management Systems in public sector administrations, including schools. By following the actors, the work of the government-led initiative at this early stage is visible as translations taking place through multiple 'nested networks' of the state including supra-national organisations, government policies, Prime Minister's speeches and school policy. Once SMS is introduced into school offices, the study shows how workers become enrolled in the state agenda for administrative work reform, enabling SMS to establish itself as an Obligatory Passage Point for school administrative work. The 'articulation' work of the female school office workers is seen as central to the success of SMS in schools as their work relationships with SMS produces 'well-drilled bodies' in the service of the state. A feminist post-structuralist analysis of the female SMS workers, as historically constituted, specifically sexed 'bodies', is then employed to take into account the politics of the gendered, embodied, cyborg worker and her role in the formation and normalisation of a 'new work order' in school administrations.

In this study, the new technology is made visible as socio-technical relations shaping work in ways that have to do with the exercise of power between the representative body/technology networks. The study's significance lies in the way it makes visible the processes of the politics of the state becoming embodied in SMS in local sites or networks of humans and computers, a cyborg entity whose relations are developed and maintained by the female administrative workers in schools. SMS is thus explained not as a neutral 'tool' to achieve state policy, nor as technologically determined; nor is a human-centric approach taken to explain the emergence of the specific forms of work at the local site. The 'new work order' in schools has emerged out of the socio-technical relations performed by specific body/technology networks of humans and machines in multiple local work sites. Through IT, globalising local networks employ women's working bodies to institute a new reform agenda for school administrative work that facilitates closer regulation and steerage from a distance.

Sugarcane is a tropical plant grown for sugar production under a wide range of mainly warmer climates throughout the world whereas under temperate climates sugar beet is grown for sugar production. In Australia, sugarcane is grown predominantly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the east coast. Since 1996 there has been a rapid expansion of sugarcane production in the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Area (MDIA), which is part ofthe Atherton Tableland region, about 50 km inland from Cairns in north Queensland. The expansion has been due to declining sugar yields from sugarcane grown on the coast, several years of devastating storms and cyclones, population growth of Cairns taking up cane land for residential use and the availability of land and water in the MDIA. A major effect of this rapid expansion of sugarcane in the MDIA has been on the availability, supply and cost of irrigation water and the efficiency of water use has become an important issue for growers. This study investigates the potentia for sugar beet to be included into the cropping options of both established sugarcane farmers and other producers in the MDIA. As sugar beet has never been grown in the MDIA (and not commercially in Australia since the 1930 's) a number ofexperiments were conducted to provide yield information under local conditions. Variety trials studied the performance ofa number ofvarieties used in the main sugar beet growing areas ofthe UK, Europe and the USA. Results showed little difference in sugar yield between varieties which were in the range found under commercial production overseas (1012 t/ha). Nitrogen, irrigation and population experiments at two sites (Southedge and Walkamin) in1999 studied the effects of these inputs on sugar beet growth and yield. At Southedge the amount ofapplied nitrogen was having the greatest effect on root yield with 180 kg/ha N giving the highest sugar yield (13.9 t/ha) while the amount of irrigation and population level were less influential. At 180 kg/ha of N, water use efficiency (WUE) was 11.8 and 2.3 t/ML for root and sugar yield respectively in comparison to an estimated sugarcane WUE in the MDIA ofabout 8 and 1.5 t/MLfor cane and sugar yield. At Walkamin it was population level that was having the greatest effect with 100,000 plants/ha giving very high root yields (>100 t/ha) however the sucrose concentration was much less compared to Southedge and so sugar yields were not as high as may have been expected but still higher than Southedge (about 16 t/ha). Water use was about 50 % more on the heavier soil at Walkamin compared to Southedge with 100,000 plants/ha giving an average WUE of12.7 and 1.8 t/ML for root and sugar yield respectively. Growth analysis studies at Southedge showed that radiation would not be limiting to dry matter production, with the excess radiation increasing water use. At Walkamin dry matter production was related to plant population and a higher radiation use efficiency at Walkamin compared to Southedge. An economic study using simple gross margin analysis and yield data from the Southedge trial showed that sugar heet could be a profitable crop in the MDIA however at the current low world sugar prices commercial production is unlikely.

The incorporation of legumes into crop rotations has been suggested as a strategy to address declining soil fertility, especially of nitrogen (N), in Central Queensland cropping systems. However, traditional methods to determine the contribution made by legumes to soil N are flawed in that usually only the above ground biomass (AGB) or at best macro root tissues are assessed. Furthermore crops regularly experience soil water deficits in this environment, but the impact this has on the contribution made to soil fertility by legumes is poorly documented.

A published ¹⁵N foliar labelling methodology that accurately estimates legume below ground biomass N (BGB-N), was adapted under polyhouse conditions and verified in the field for lab lab, lucerne and siratro. For the legumes investigated, labelled macro root tissue at a depth of 10-20 cm was representative of recoverable root tissue (all > 500 um) throughout a 60 cm soil profile. A protocol was established that reliably estimated the ¹⁵N content of soil enriched by the labelled root system to within a 95% confidence interval.

N₂ fixation in symbioses which translocate fixed N as amides from their nodules are reported to have a greater tolerance to water stress than that in symbioses which export ureides. The impact of water stress on N₂ fixation and the distribution of biomass and N between above and below ground compartments was therefore studied for two commercially important legumes: mungbean (a ureide exporter) and peanut (an amide exporter). Under glasshouse conditions, drought had no effect on mungbean BGB-N as a proportion of legume N (AGB-N + BGB-N) (35%) whereas the proportion of peanut N as BGB-N increased from 33 % under optimal conditions to 44% (P<0.05) under terminal drought. Legume N and N derived from atmospheric N2 (Ndfa), including BGB-N and BGB Ndfa was significantly greater than estimates based on AGB-N alone. Under drought, whole plant Ndfa was twice that of values based on AGB-N alone. The proportion of cereal crop N derived from legume BGB-N (27%) was significantly greater than that derived from AGB-N (20%). The proportion of mungbean N derived from atmospheric N₂ (%Ndfa) was 51% under optimal soil water conditions but declined to 20 and 12% under the moderate and terminal droughts, respectively. Severe drought produced a small but significant reduction in N₂ fixation activity compared to optimally watered plants (%Ndfa decreased to 67 from 78%; P<0.05). Moderate drought had not significant effect on %Ndfa compared to optimally watered plants (78 and 75%Ndfa, respectively).

Similar trends to those reported in the glasshouse trial were observed under field conditions, with significantly greater contributions by mungbean and peanut to soil N fertility and cereal crops documented than reported previously for a range of grain and pasture legumes used in Central Queensland cropping systems. Droughted legumes increased the proportion of BGB-N at depth (20-60 cm), with greater increases by peanut. Despite drought induced decreases in mungbean and peanut %Ndfa (at 59 and 32%, respectively, of irrigated plants), droughted mungbean and peanut %Ndfa was still substantial (30 and 53%, respectively). Droughted whole mungbean and peanut Ndfa was estimated at 10 and 21 kg N/ha, respectively. However, net N balance was nevertheless neutral to negative for mungbean when N exported in harvested grain was considered. The estimates of Ndfa were three fold higher than that based on AGB-N only, and were consistent with the thesis that legumes possessing an amide exporting symbiosis offer significantly greater potential to improve soil N fertility in the region. The drought survival mechanisms exhibited by legumes is also a factor determining whether or not accumulated N and N₂ fixation were maintained under increased soil water deficit and when a net contribution to soil N stores was likely.

This thesis presents a study of carers who journey between the poles of family members with bipolar disorder. The quiescent periods between these storms represents, for carers, an almost unbearable quiet as they await the next change.

The issue of living with bipolar disorder, whether as a consumer or carer, acknowledges no geographic, chronological or socio-economic boundaries. With this in view, a section of this thesis examines these factors in discussion of the responses received in the interviews as well as the available statistical data. The research centred on a group of families from the Central region of Queensland. In line with previous research, this study also presents an examination of the development of interest in the lives of those family members caring for a consumer with a serious mental illness.

The creativity, energy and artistic outpth of consumers with bipolar sat well with the author's belief in a PhD being an opportunity to creatively explore with respondents their lived experiences. The excitement of the consumers infused an excitement, which the author hopes has translated into the thesis. The reciprocal effects of family environment and consumer behaviour, and the dependence of one upon the other, is presented in the study. Mental illness is, indeed, a family issue and, in this author's opinion, the phenomenon of mental illness underscores the need for the family's influence on the consumer's life and a need for recognition by the mental health professionals that there is a partnership required if the consumer is to best be cared for.

This thesis explores the transformative potential of art education. In particular, it argues that art education can be a productive site to explore the multiplicities of subjectivities and to adopt the transformative principles of feminist poststructuralism. To illustrate this notion, I researched a number of key spaces and texts related to art education. Firstly, I documented the art that was created by senior art students in three Queensland secondary schools. In addition to students' art, I documented their visual journals as a way of constructing meanings around their art. Secondly, I conducted interviews with three senior art teachers, which were aimed at exploring their personal philosophies to teaching and art education and their attitudes towards subjectivity in art. Finally, as a means of providing a context for these texts, I also undertook observations of the school and classroom spaces. From these data, I used the poststructuralist tool of discourse analysis to explore how schools, teachers and students take up, mobilise and occupy transformative spaces and discourses.

In adopting a feminist poststructuralist framework, this thesis opens by stressing the importance of writing from my body, subjectivity and lived experiences. I do so by exploring my own art and how I have used this space to explore my lived experiences and subjectivity. I also situate my methodology, research sites and participants. From this discussion, in Chapter Two, I discursively position my research within the literature. As such, in Chapter Two I focus on three key texts that allow my review to move between educational discourses, the gendering of art education and the transformative potential of art education. In Chapter Three, I explore in more detail poststructuralism's notion of subjectivity and the politics of transformation. As I argue, this perspective enables my research to adopt a productive way of seeing and understanding subjectivity and provides strategies of transformation. In Chapter Four, I outline how this lens has influenced the way I have constructed, designed and approached my research. After establishing the theoretical premise and design of my research, the next four chapters focus on the analysis of my research data. In Chapter Five, I analyse how students create art that resonates with the transformative principles of feminist poststructuralism. In doing so, I highlight how students use the potential of art education to explore their multiple subjectivities, embodiment and lived experiences. However, I believe this tells only part of the transgressive story, as the transformative potential of art education is a multi-layered and complex issue. Therefore, in the following three data analysis chapters, I explore some of the complexity surrounding art education and outline some of the possible factors or reasons that may contribute to students creating transformative art. In Chapter Six, I argue that the curriculum documents that relate to art education (such as the Visual Art Senior Syllabus and the teachers' work programs) provide spaces for students to explore their subjectivity and equip them with strategies of transformation. In Chapter Seven, I outline some of the differences that art education embodies and, by doing so, I suggest that these differences may contribute to the transformative possibilities of art education. In Chapter Eight, I discuss how art education can provide a space for students to explore and express emotions that have been traditionally edited out of the school environment. In the final chapter, I summarise my findings and suggest spaces for further research. Through this process this thesis advocates for art's importance in education. As such, it contributes to the ways in which teachers and schools recognise, accommodate and celebrate the role art has in the ongoing construction and negotiation of subjectivity.

The relative importance of demographic or 'grower characteristics' as variables that influence adoption of environmentally innovative canegrowing practices is questioned in this thesis. Research, which involved a quantitative study of over 1000 sugarcane producers from Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia, indicates that 'socio-cultural' factors are equally, and in some cases more, significant predictors of the adoption of environmentally innovative canegrowing practices than growers' personal attributes. The research indicates that the social, cultural and economic contexts that growers operate within considerably influence the extent to which knowledge is acquired and environmentally innovative canegrowing practices adopted. Analysis of the data utilises a range of demographic and property characteristics variables, and socio-cultural variables (such as group involvement, gendered division of labour and on-farm knowledge production) to determine their relationship to the adoption of environmentally innovative canegrowing practices.

Research and development into new and environmentally innovative canegrowing practices, as well as the transfer of such innovations, has primarily occurred through the medium of science and technology. Established methods of 'extension', which have previously been used to transfer knowledge in relation to new cane varieties and more productive means of producing sugarcane, are now being turned towards encouraging producers towards environmentally innovative agricultural practices. The degree to which scientific research and development, coupled with traditional methods of 'technology transfer' has been successful in promoting the adoption of environmental innovations is a topic that members of the sugar industry and the wider community have increasingly called into question. The adoption of environmental innovations has not been readily discernible at a ground level and has led to a belief that the extent of take-up of environmentally innovative canegrowing practices has been quite limited.

Scientific organisations involved with the sugar industry had expected that the adoption of new technology would relate in some way to the producer's age, level of education, years of experience or other 'personal' or demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the perceived low rate of adoption led industry personnel to believe that established methods of research and extension no longer had the support or confidence of sugarcane growers. To the contrary, the research for this thesis has found that growers do hold traditional methods of extension in high regard. This is particularly so in the case of advice received from the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (BSES), the oldest and most established research, development and extension agency in the sugar industry.

This thesis is substantially based upon a 'materialist' premise and argues that knowledge in relation to innovative canegrowing practices is both produced and diffused through social relationships and social practices. A sociological approach, which brings the 'materiality' of human existence to the forefront of analysis, is used to argue that scientific and lay forms of knowledge are produced through the actions of and interactions between human subjects.

The research indicates that the adoption of environmentally innovative canegrowing practices is quite widespread but in the main does not bear sufficiently strong significant relationships to grower's personal (demographic) characteristics or socio-economic variables such as the size, productivity or profitability of the canegrowing enterprise. Moreover, while significant relationships have been found between adoption and various 'socio-cultural' variables such as 'group involvement', 'sources of information', 'attitudes to chemical usage' and 'attitudes to the current state of the industry', the relationships are also trivial in accounting for variance in the adoption variables.

Furthermore, while practices are assumed to be applicable across the sugar industry, adoption is found to be influenced by factors peculiar to local canegrowing areas. The research undertaken highlights the fact that activities, which occur at the farm level are imbued with a cultural complexity that goes beyond - the mere production of agricultural commodities for the sake of accumulation of an economic surplus.

It is apparent that a range of factors influence the extent to which environmentally innovative agricultural practices are adopted in the sugar industry. While demographic and farm characteristics go some way towards accounting for the adoption of environmental innovations in the sugar industry, the social and socio-cultural conditions under which growers operate must also be taken into consideration.