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Journal articles on the topic 'Queensland fruit fly'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Dominiak, B. C., H. S. Mavi, and H. I. Nicol. "Effect of town microclimate on the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 9 (2006): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04217.

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Weekly data from the urban and rural environments of numerous Australian inland towns were used to assess the impact of urban environments on the potential growth rate of the Queensland fruit fly. The urban environments were warmer and more moist than adjacent rural environments, making rural landscapes less attractive for fruit fly. Further analysis of climatic data revealed an acute negative water balance during the summer season. Under this harsh environment, the health and greenness of urban backyards and parks is maintained with frequent use of urban irrigation. This study aims to quantify the impact of urban hydrology on environmental conditions for the population potential of Queensland fruit fly in south-eastern New South Wales. CLIMEX, a climate-driven simulation model, was used in this study. Results indicated that throughout the winter season, low temperatures kept the Queensland fruit fly under control, irrespective of any other factor, including favourable moisture conditions. During summer, moisture was the major limiting factor. Even partial irrigation reduced the limiting effects of the deficiency of rainfall often experienced during midsummer. Irrigation also resulted in a large increase in the duration of the favourable period for the potential growth of fruit fly and an almost complete removal of unfavourable periods. When irrigation water was applied at optimal or excessive levels, the duration of favourable conditions for the Queensland fruit fly extended beyond the summer season. For the Queensland fruit fly, towns appear to be oases compared with the surrounding rural desert. Queensland fruit fly is unlikely to travel freely between towns, minimising chances of reinvasion once a resident population has been eliminated.

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2

Tasnin, Mst Shahrima, Rehan Silva, Katharina Merkel, and Anthony R. Clarke. "Response of Male Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Host Fruit Odors." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa084.

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Abstract The surveillance and management of Dacini fruit fly pests are commonly split by fly gender: male trapping focuses on the dacine ‘male-lures’, whereas female trapping focuses on lures based on host-fruit volatiles. Although the males of several Dacini species have been reported to be attracted to host fruit volatiles, the option of using host-fruit traps for males has, to date, been ignored. Males of the cue-lure responsive fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) have been recorded as responding to host-fruit volatile blends, but it is not known how frequently this happens, if it is age-dependent, or the strength of the response relative to cue-lure throughout the year. Here, we conducted an olfactometer experiment to test the lifetime (weeks 1–15) response of B. tryoni males to the odor of tomato, a known host of this fly, and compare catches of wild males to tomato-based traps and cue-lure traps in the field. Bactrocera tryoni males started to respond to tomato odor as they sexually matured (2 to 3 wk olds) and thereafter showed consistent olfactory response until advanced age (15 wk). In the field, wild males were captured by tomato-based traps throughout the year at a level not significantly different from cue-lure traps. The reason for the consistent B. tryoni male response to host fruit odor at this stage is not known, but it certainly occurs at a level greater than can be continued to be ignored for both basic and applied research.

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3

Majumder, Rajib, Brodie Sutcliffe, Phillip W. Taylor, and Toni A. Chapman. "Microbiome of the Queensland Fruit Fly through Metamorphosis." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060795.

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Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Queensland fruit fly, or “Qfly”) is a highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly and a serious economic pest in Australia. Qfly biology is intimately linked to the bacteria and fungi of its microbiome. While there are numerous studies of the microbiome in larvae and adults, the transition of the microbiome through the pupal stage remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to examine microbial communities at each developmental stage in the Qfly life cycle, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions. We found that microbial communities were similar at the larval and pupal stage and were also similar between adult males and females, yet there were marked differences between the larval and adult stages. Specific bacterial and fungal taxa are present in the larvae and adults (fed hydrolyzed yeast with sugar) which is likely related to differences in nutritional biology of these life stages. We observed a significant abundance of the Acetobacteraceae at the family level, both in the larval and pupal stages. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae was highly abundant (>80%) only in the adults. The majority of fungal taxa present in Qfly were yeasts or yeast-like fungi. In addition to elucidating changes in the microbiome through developmental stages, this study characterizes the Qfly microbiome present at the establishment of laboratory colonies as they enter the domestication process.

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4

Stringer, Lloyd D., John M. Kean, Jacqueline R. Beggs, and D. Max Suckling. "Management and eradication options for Queensland fruit fly." Population Ecology 59, no. 3 (July 2017): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-017-0593-2.

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5

Sommer, Noel F., and F. Gordon Mitchell. "Gamma Irradiation—A Quarantine Treatment for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables?" HortScience 21, no. 3 (June 1986): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.356.

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Abstract The multibillion-dollar United States fresh fruit and vegetable industries are under threat because of actual or potential quarantines that may be imposed within hours or days if any one of many insect pests are introduced (40; P.V. Vail, personal communication). California, Florida, Texas, and Hawaii are particularly vulnerable because their climates are favorable for fruit fly species, and important shares of their produce enter into interstate and international trade. The 1980-82 California infestation by the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), was eradicated. The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is currently being fought in Florida and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), poses a problem in Texas. In Hawaii, 3 fruit flies are endemic. They are the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Hend.), the melon fly, Dacus cucurhitae (Coq.), as well as the Mediterranean fruit fly. The Queensland fruit fly, Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt), is endemic in parts of Australia and threatens to become much more widely distributed.

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6

Murphy, KM, IC Mac Rae, and DS Teakle. "Nitrogenase Activity in the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus tryoni." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 4 (1988): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880447.

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When 5-day-old laboratory-raised Queensland fruit flies (Dacus tryoni) were fed a dinitrogen-fixing bacterial strain of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from the crop of a wild fly, acetylene reduction (nitrogenase) activity associated with the flies was detected after 2 to 3 days and persisted for at least 22 days. Flies not fed the dinitrogen-fixing strain were negative for acetylene reduction until 21 days after emergence. Presumably such dinitrogen-fixing bacteria are able to supply some Queensland fruit flies with a small part of their nitrogen requirements, but its importance is unknown.

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7

Sutherst, Robert W., Ben S. Collyer, and Tania Yonow. "The vulnerability of Australian horticulture to the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni, under climate change." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 4 (2000): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98203.

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The vulnerability of horticultural industries in Australia to the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni under climate change is examined. Vulnerability is defined in terms of sensitivity and adaptation options. Regional estimates of fruit fly density are fed into an economic model that takes account of costs of damage, management, regulation and research. Sensitivity analyses are used to estimate potential future costs under climate change by recalculating costs with increases in temperature of 0.5˚C, 1.0˚C and 2˚C. It is assumed that irrigation will automatically compensate for any changes in rainfall. The current national, annual cost of Queensland fruit fly is estimated to be $AU28.5 million/year ($25.7–49.9 million), with 60% of the cost borne by commercial growers. Climatic warming threatens the sustainability of area freedom in the Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone (FFEZ) and is likely to increase damage and control costs to commercial growers in endemic areas, except in northern Australia. Costs to mainland apple, orange, and pear growers are estimated to increase by $3.1, $4.7, and $12.0 million with increases of 0.5˚C, 1.0˚C, and 2˚C, respectively. These represent increases of 25%, 38%, and 95%, respectively, but do not reflect the greatly increased risks of failure to maintain area freedom in the FFEZ. Growers in endemic Queensland fruit fly areas can expect their costs to increase 42–82%, compared with 24–83% in the FFEZ. Increased damage to backyard growers is likely, especially in South Australia and Victoria. Thus the fly poses a real threat to southern States under modest projected increases in temperatures. The extent of the likely cost increases raises questions about the industries’ ability to pay and remain competitive. The current analysis illustrates the potential benefits of taking a national and strategic approach to the management of insect pests in Australia. A combination of CLIMEX modelling, sensitivity analysis and mapping provided valuable insights into both industry and regional vulnerabilities. Adaptation options require further quantification, but that awaits a credible population model of Queensland fruit fly. Costs need to be discounted, depending on the expected timing of the temperature increases.

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8

Cameron, E. C., J. A. Sved, and A. S. Gilchrist. "Pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Australia: one species or two?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990150.

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AbstractSince 1985, a new and serious fruit fly pest has been reported in northwestern Australia. It has been unclear whether this pest was the supposedly benign endemic species, Bactrocera aquilonis, or a recent introduction of the morphologically near-identical Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni. B. tryoni is a major pest throughout eastern Australia but is isolated from the northwest region by an arid zone. In the present study, we sought to clarify the species status of these new pests using an extensive DNA microsatellite survey across the entire northwest region of Australia. Population differentiation tests and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity within the northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. That northwestern population showed minimal genetic differentiation from B. tryoni from Queensland (FST=0.015). Since 2000, new outbreaks of this pest fruit fly have occurred to the west of the region, and clustering analysis suggested recurrent migration from the northwest region rather than Queensland. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing also showed no evidence for the existence of a distinct species in the northwest region. We conclude that the new pest fruit fly in the northwest is the endemic population of B. aquilonis but that there is no genetic evidence supporting the separation of B. aquilonis and B. tryoni as distinct species.

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9

Kean, J. M. "Metaanalysis validation and application of fruit fly development times." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5867.

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Tephritid fruit flies have been comparatively well studied because of the damage they cause to horticultural crops in affected countries New Zealand benefits from this knowledge as it continues to exclude economically damaging fruit fly species For example fruit fly development models are used for biosecurity risk analysis and decision making during incursion responses Here the literature was searched for development times for three species of particular concern to New Zealand the Mediterranean fruit fly the Queensland fruit fly and the oriental fruit fly The published data were reanalysed to fit development models to the different life stages and the generation time The new models were then compared with previously published models for these species The generation time models were found to give reasonably accurate predictions when validated against published estimates of field voltinism overseas This paper presents the most comprehensive analysis to date of fruit fly development times and degree day models

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10

Eisemann, C. H., and M. J. Rice. "Attractants for the gravid Queensland fruit fly Dacus tryoni." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 62, no. 2 (February 1992): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00651.x.

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11

Mas, Flore, Lee-Anne Manning, Morgane Singlet, Ruth Butler, Christian Mille, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Queensland Fruit Fly Females to Fruit Odors." Journal of Chemical Ecology 46, no. 2 (February 2020): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-019-01143-8.

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12

Zhao, J. T., M. Frommer, J. A. Sved, and A. Zacharopoulou. "Mitotic and polytene chromosome analyses in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Genome 41, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-053.

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The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, like the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, has a diploid complement of 12 chromosomes, including five pairs of autosomes and a XX/XY sex chromosome pair. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described. Chromosomal homology between B. tryoni and C. capitata has been determined by comparing chromosome banding pattern and in situ hybridisation of cloned genes to polytene chromosomes. Although the evidence indicates that a number of chromosomal inversions have occurred since the separation of the two species, synteny of the chromosomes appears to have been maintained.Key words: tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, polytene chromosomes, in situ hybridisation, chromosomal homology.

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13

Mainali, Bishwo P., Tahereh Moadeli, Fleur Ponton, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Comparison of Gel Larval Diet With Traditional Lucerne Chaff and Carrot Solid Diets for Rearing of Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (May 29, 2019): 2278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz140.

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Abstract Sterile insect technique (SIT) for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Australia’s most economically damaging fruit fly species, is currently undergoing a major renewal and expansion. SIT relies on efficient and economical mass-rearing procedures that produce high-quality flies. Two solid larval diets, carrot and lucerne chaff, have traditionally been used to rear Queensland fruit fly. Recently, a gel larval diet has been developed to eliminate biological bulking agents from the mass-rearing process, but to date, there has been no direct comparison of gel larval diet with traditional solid diets. In the present study, the performance of flies reared on gel larval diet was compared with the performance of flies reared on carrot and lucerne chaff diets. In addition, to investigate whether the performance of reared flies depends on ancestral diet as well as tested diet, we sourced eggs from a colony maintained on carrot diet and from a colony maintained on a lucerne chaff diet. Overall, the gel diet was as good or better than the solid diets in all quality control parameters, including, egg–larval duration, pupal number, pupal recovery, adult emergence, percentage of fliers, and rate of fliers. Of note, larvae developed faster and pupated more synchronously on the gel diet than on either of the solid diets. At the loading densities used, gel and carrot diets produced less waste than lucerne chaff diet. Gel diets offer a rearing solution for Queensland fruit fly that eliminates biological bulking agents and yields faster and more synchronous larval development without compromising productivity or quality.

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14

Park, Soo J., Gunjan Pandey, Cynthia Castro-Vargas, John G. Oakeshott, Phillip W. Taylor, and Vivian Mendez. "Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184185.

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The cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) is the most destructive pest of fruit production in Australia, yet there are no published accounts of this species’ cuticular chemistry. We here provide a comprehensive description of B. tryoni cuticular chemistry. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize compounds in hexane extracts of B. tryoni adults reared from larvae in naturally infested fruits. The compounds found included spiroacetals, aliphatic amides, saturated/unsaturated and methyl branched C12 to C20 chain esters and C29 to C33 normal and methyl-branched alkanes. The spiroacetals and esters were found to be specific to mature females, while the amides were found in both sexes. Normal and methyl-branched alkanes were qualitatively the same in all age and sex groups but some of the alkanes differed in amounts (as estimated from internal standard-normalized peak areas) between mature males and females, as well as between mature and immature flies. This study provides essential foundations for studies investigating the functions of cuticular chemistry in this economically important species.

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15

Sherwin, William B., Marianne Frommer, John A. Sved, Kathryn A. Raphael, John G. Oakeshott, Deborah C. A. Shearman, and A. Stuart Gilchrist. "Tracking invasion and invasiveness in Queensland fruit flies: From classical genetics to ‘omics’." Current Zoology 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.3.477.

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Abstract Three Australian tephritid fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni - Q-fly, Bactrocera neohumeralis - NEO, and Bactrocera jarvisi - JAR) are promising models for genetic studies of pest status and invasiveness. The long history of ecological and physiological studies of the three species has been augmented by the development of a range of genetic and genomic tools, including the capacity for forced multigeneration crosses between the three species followed by selection experiments, a draft genome for Q-fly, and tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomes. The Q-fly and NEO species pair is of particular interest. The distribution of NEO is contained entirely within the wider distribution of Q-fly and the two species are ecologically extremely similar, with no known differences in pheromones, temperature tolerance, or host-fruit utilisation. However there are three clear differences between them: humeral callus colour, complete pre-mating isolation based on mating time-of-day, and invasiveness. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outbreaks might derive from genetically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Q-fly and NEO show very limited genome differentiation, so comparative genomic analyses and QTL mapping should be able to identify the regions of the genome controlling mating time and invasiveness, to assess the genetic bases for the invasive strains of Q-fly, and to facilitate a variety of improvements to current sterile insect control strategies for that species.

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16

TAYLOR, PHILLIP W., MAHFUZA KHAN, SAMUEL R. COLLINS, and OLIVIA L. REYNOLDS. "Yeast hydrolysate supplement increases starvation vulnerability of Queensland fruit fly." Physiological Entomology 38, no. 4 (November 12, 2013): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phen.12039.

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17

Bashiruddin, J. B., J. L. Martin, and C. Reinganum. "Queensland fruit fly virus, a probable member of the Picornaviridae." Archives of Virology 100, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01310908.

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18

Biswas, Md Jamil Hossain, Bishwo Mainali, Soo Jean Park, Phillip Taylor, and Polychronis Rempoulakis. "Electrophysiological Responses to Cuelure of Raspberry Ketone-Fed Queensland Fruit Flies." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (October 28, 2020): 2832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa242.

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Abstract The sterile insect technique (SIT) and male annihilation technique (MAT) are important tools for the control of Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a major insect pest of horticultural crops in Australia. In MAT, mature Q-fly males are attracted to a toxic bait using Cuelure, a synthetic analog of raspberry ketone (RK). Substantial improvements in control could be achieved by simultaneous use of SIT and MAT, but this requires suppression of the Cuelure response in released sterile flies. Recent studies report that prerelease feeding with RK during the first 48 h after emergence can reduce the response of mature Q-fly males to Cuelure, but the mechanism underpinning this is unknown. Here, to test whether reduced sensory sensitivity to Cuelure is involved, we evaluated the effects of RK supplements, adult diet (yeast-supplemented diet throughout adult stage vs yeast-supplemented diet only for 48 h), and age on electroantennogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) responses of Q-flies to Cuelure stimuli. EAG responses did not vary with RK supplements, sex, or age of Q-flies fed yeast-supplemented diet throughout the adult stage, but the responses of Q-flies fed other diet regime decreased with age. EPG responses of both sexes of Q-flies were affected by RK supplements, age, and their interaction, but without patterns that might indicate reduced maxillary palp response of RK supplemented flies to Cuelure. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced Cuelure response of male Q-flies fed RK supplements is explained by reduced electrophysiological response in antennae or maxillary palps.

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19

Yazdani, Maryam. "Developing Lines of Queensland Fruit Flies with Different Levels of Response to a Kairomone Lure." Insects 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13080666.

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The Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) is a serious horticultural pest in Australia because it is highly invasive and destructive. Among all pest management practices, sterile insect techniques (SIT) and male annihilation techniques (MAT) are important control options for many tephritid fruit fly pests, including Q-fly. However, simultaneous applications of MAT and SIT require the wild males to be responsive to a lure while the released sterile males remain largely unresponsive. In this study, a series of artificial selection experiments was conducted to develop lines of Q-fly with different levels of response to the male-specific lure Cue-lure® (CL). After only five cycles of artificial selections, lines of high responsiveness (HR) and low responsiveness (LR) males diverging significantly in their response to the lure were developed. In the field cage experiment, the number of trapped males in fruit fly traps was significantly lower in the LR line than both the HR line and the control which supports the laboratory results. However, when artificial selection was stopped at F5 and retested after two generations, the number of unresponsive males dropped drastically compared to the rate of response of wild flies. Because the selection can be conducted only on males, it would be difficult to eliminate the dominant responsive alleles in the system without continuous selection.

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20

Maelzer, D. A., P. T. Bailey, and N. Perepelicia. "Factors supporting the non-persistence of fruit fly populations in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 1 (2004): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01128.

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For purposes of interstate and international fruit trade, it is necessary to demonstrate that in areas in which fruit fly species have not previously established permanent populations, but which are subject to introductions of fruit flies from outside the area, the introduced population once detected, has not become established. In this paper, we apply methodology suggested mainly by Carey (1991, 1995) to introductions of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Weid., and Queensland fruit fly (QFF) Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae) to South Australia, a state in which these species do not occur naturally and in which introductions, once detected, are actively treated. By analysing historical data associated with fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia, we demonstrate that: (i) fruit flies occur seasonally, as would occur in established populations, except there is no evidence of the critical spring generation of either species; (ii) there is no evidence of increasing frequency of outbreaks, trapped flies or larval occurrences over 29 years; (iii) there is no evidence of decreasing time between catches of adult flies as the years progress; (iv) there is no decrease in the mean number of years between outbreaks in the same locations; (v) there is no statistically significant recurrence of outbreaks in the same locations in successive years; (vi) there is no evidence of spread of outbreaks outwards from a central location; (vii) the likelihood of outbreaks in a city or town is related to the size of the human population; (viii) introduction pathways by road from Western Australia (for Medfly) and eastern Australia (for QFF) are shown to exist and to illegally or accidentally carry considerable amounts of fruit into South Australia; and (ix) there was no association between the numbers of either Queensland fruit fly or Medfly and the spatial pattern of either loquat or cumquat trees as sources of larval food in spring. This analysis supports the hypothesis that most fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia have been the result of separate introductions of infested fruit by vehicular traffic and that most of the resultant fly outbreaks were detected and died out within a few weeks of the application of eradication procedures. An alternative hypothesis, that populations of fruit flies are established in South Australia at below detectable levels, is impossible to disprove with conventional technology, but the likelihood of it being true is minimised by our analysis. Both hypotheses could be tested soon with newly developed genetic techniques.

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21

Heather, N. W., P. M. Peterson, and R. A. Kopittke. "Quarantine disinfestation of capsicums against Queensland fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) with dimethoate." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 7 (1999): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97149.

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Summary. A postharvest dimethoate treatment at 400 mg/L applied through a packing-line spray system achieved >99.99% efficacy as a quarantine disinfestation method against Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) infesting capsicums (peppers), Capsicum annuum L. There were no survivors in confirmatory tests on fruit containing 77 130 eggs, the most tolerant life stage. The spray system thoroughly wetted fruit at a delivery rate of 9.2 L/min.m2 for a minimum time of 1 min.

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22

Gaire, Sushil K., Md Jamil Hossain Biswas, Maurizio Benelli, Polychronis Rempoulakis, Phillip W. Taylor, and Bishwo P. Mainali. "Effect of Chilling on Quality Control Parameters of Sterile Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (May 22, 2021): 1674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab092.

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Abstract Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), presents a major threat to Australian fruit production and trade. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly employed to manage Q-fly. Quality of sterile males released in SIT programs, and hence program efficacy, can be affected by pre- and post-production processes, such as mass rearing, packing, irradiation, transportation, and release. Given long distances from rear-out facilities to release sites, adult flies are usually chilled to reduce metabolism and stress during transportation. To guide SIT procedures, it is important to understand the impact of such practices on performance of sterile Q-fly. The present study assesses the effect of chilling temperature and exposure period on quality parameters of sterile Q-fly. We considered the effects of two temperature regimes (4 and 6°C) and six exposure periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h) on chill-coma recovery time, flight ability, survival under nutritional stress, and longevity of both males and females. Flies chilled at 4°C took longer to recover than that those chilled at 6°C. Flight ability, survival under nutritional stress, and longevity all decreased as chilling period increased but did not differ between the two tested temperatures. We recommend that periods of chilling during transportation from rear-out facilities to release sites be minimized in order to retain quality of sterile Q-fly and that increased release rates be considered when longer chilling periods are required.

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23

De Lima, C. P. F., A. J. Jessup, L. Cruickshank, C. J. Walsh, and E. R. Mansfield. "Cold disinfestation of citrus (Citrusspp.) for Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 35, no. 1 (March 2007): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140670709510166.

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24

Lloyd, A. C., E. L. Hamacek, D. Smith, R. A. Kopittke, and H. Gu. "Host Susceptibility of Citrus Cultivars to Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 106, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec12324.

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25

Heather, Neil W., Leonie Whitfort, Richard L. McLauchlan, and Rosemary Kopittke. "Cold disinfestation of Australian mandarins against Queensland fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Postharvest Biology and Technology 8, no. 4 (September 1996): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(96)00022-1.

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26

Zhao, J. T. "Genetic and Molecular Markers of the Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni." Journal of Heredity 94, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esg088.

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27

Schwarzmueller, Florian, Nancy A. Schellhorn, and Hazel Parry. "Resource landscapes and movement strategy shape Queensland Fruit Fly population dynamics." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 12 (November 2, 2019): 2807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00910-y.

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Siderhurst, Matthew S., Soo J. Park, Ian M. Jamie, and Stefano G. De Faveri. "Electroantennogram responses of six Bactrocera and Zeugodacus species to raspberry ketone analogues." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 6 (2017): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17091.

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Environmental contextQueensland fruit fly is a major pest of fruits and vegetables in eastern Australia, sometimes causing complete loss of unprotected crops. Odours that attract fruit flies can help control these pests and this study investigated how six fruit fly species smell these chemicals. The strength of fly responses to tested odours gives insight into the way flies smell and provides information for making better attractants, potentially reducing insecticide use. AbstractThe Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni, Q-fly) is a major horticultural pest in eastern Australia. The deployment of male lures comprises an important component of several detection and control strategies for this pest. A novel fluorinated analogue of raspberry ketone (RK), raspberry ketone trifluoroacetate (RKTA), has been developed with the aim of further improving Q-fly control. RKTA elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) responses from Q-flies whereas cuelure (CL) and melolure (ML) responses were not significantly greater than a negative control. Further experimentation showed that RKTA also elicited EAG response from five other fruit fly species, included flies known to be strongly attracted to CL (B. neohumeralis, B. kraussi and B. frauenfeldi), weakly attracted to CL (B. jarvisi), or non-responsive to CL (Zeugodacus cucumis), whereas seven other compounds, RK, CL, ML, raspberry ketone difluoroacetate, raspberry ketone monofluoroacetate, anisyl acetone and trimethylsilyl raspberry ketone, elicited only weak responses comparable with a negative control. However, fly EAG responses to RKTA are likely due at least in part to trifluoroethanoic acid, which is a hydrolysis product of RKTA and elicited strong EAG responses from all six species when tested alone. Furthermore, whereas ethanoic acid, methanoic acid and trifluoroethanoic acid all elicited strong EAG responses in Q-flies, the only corresponding RK ester to elicit an EAG response was RKTA, suggesting that RKTA hydrolyses quickly, whereas CL and ML do not. This is in contrast to the idea that CL readily hydrolyses on contact with atmospheric moisture, an assertion that has been made in the literature repeatedly.

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Nguyen, V. L., G. A. C. Beattie, A. W. Meats, P. Holford, and R. N. Spooner-Hart. "Oviposition responses of Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) to mineral oil deposits on tomato fruit." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 165, no. 1 (August 17, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12601.

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Park, Soo J., Matthew S. Siderhurst, Ian Jamie, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Hydrolysis of Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), Attractants: Kinetics and Implications for Biological Activity." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 10 (2016): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16073.

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Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a major insect pest of horticultural crops in Australia. Cuelure is the most commonly used attractant for monitoring as well as for management of Q-fly populations through the male annihilation technique and mass trapping. There has been some concern that cuelure is susceptible to hydrolysis, which would limit its usefulness under conditions of high humidity and give rise to inconsistent fly population monitoring. To give some insight into the hydrolysis of cuelure and two closely related compounds, melolure and a newly developed lure, 4-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetoxy)phenyl)-2-butanone (RKTA), the kinetics of hydrolysis of these compounds were quantitatively investigated by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. From the experimental data, we found the hydrolysis half-lives of cuelure, melolure, and RKTA, at a water concentration of 25 mol L–1, to be ~20 days, 22 h, and 1.2 min respectively. When extrapolated to a water concentration of 1.3 mmol L–1, corresponding to atmospheric conditions of 100 % relative humidity at 25°C, the half-lives are ~1660, ~51, and ~1.4 years respectively.

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Heather, N. W., R. A. Kopittke, and E. A. Pike. "A heated air quarantine disinfestation treatment against Queensland fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) for tomatoes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 8 (2002): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01022.

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A circulated heated-air treatment at 92% RH to achieve and maintain a minimum fruit core temperature of 44°C for 2 h is shown to disinfest tomatoes against Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) for market access quarantine purposes. The efficacy of the treatment exceeded 99.99%, tested at the 95% confidence level. An estimated 78 439 eggs were used for large-scale trials, as the stage of the pest most tolerant of heat at the treatment temperature.

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Drew, RAI. "Reduction in Fruit-Fly (Tephritidae, Dacinae) Populations in Their Endemic Rain-Forest Habitat by Frugivorous Vertebrates." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 3 (1987): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870283.

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The reduction in larval populations of Dacus cacuminatus (Hering) and D. halfordiae (Tryon) by frugivorous vertebrates feeding on their major host fruits was studied in an endemic rainforest habitat in south-east Queensland. Throughout the spring and summer season, 66% of Solanum mauritianum Scop. fruit (D. cacuminatus host) was eaten by Macropygia phasianella (Temminck), the brown pigeon; this increased to 77% during the fruit fly's breeding season (November-January). The peak feeding time of the birds, the breeding season of the flies, and the peak fruiting season of the plants all coincided. Parasitism of D. cacuminatus by Hymenoptera, Biosteres kraussi (Fullaway) and B. oophilus (Fullaway), never exceeded 16-17%. Rodents consumed larvae in 78% of fallen fruit of Planchonella australis (R. Br.) Pierre (D. halfordiae host). It is proposed that frugivorous predators are the major natural enemies of larvae of tropical Tephritidae in their endemic habitat.

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Reynolds, Olivia L., Damian Collins, Bernard C. Dominiak, and Terry Osborne. "No Sting in the Tail for Sterile Bisex Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt) Release Programs." Insects 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030269.

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Global markets do not tolerate the presence of fruit fly (Tephritidae) in horticultural produce. A key method of control for tephritidae pests, is the sterile insect technique (SIT). Several countries release a bisex strain, i.e., males and females, however the sterile male is the only sex which contributes to wild population declines when released en masse. In commercial orchards, there are concerns that sterile females released as part of bisex strains, may oviposit, i.e., ‘sting’ and cause damage to fruit, rendering it unmarketable. Australia has released a bisex strain of sterile Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, for several decades to suppress wild pest populations, particularly in peri-urban and urban environments. Here, we assessed fruit damage in two commercially grown stone fruit orchards where bisex sterile B. tryoni were released, and in an orchard that did not receive sterile flies. The number of detected stings were higher in only one SIT release orchard, compared with the control; however, there was no difference between SIT and control orchards in the number of larvae detected. We showed that there is no evidence that sterile female B. tryoni released in large numbers caused stings, or damage that led to downgraded or unsaleable fruit. The bisex strain of sterile B. tryoni is recommended for use in commercial stone-fruit orchards, under the conditions in which this trial was conducted.

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Tasnin, Mst Shahrima, Bianca Jayde Kay, Thelma Peek, Katharina Merkel, and Anthony R. Clarke. "Age-related changes in the reproductive potential of the Queensland fruit fly." Journal of Insect Physiology 131 (May 2021): 104245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104245.

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Mohammad Adnan, Saleh, Iffat Farhana, Polychronis Rempoulakis, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Methoprene treatment increases activity, starvation and desiccation risk of Queensland fruit fly." Journal of Insect Physiology 136 (January 2022): 104340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104340.

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COLLINS, SAMUEL R., and PHILLIP W. TAYLOR. "Fecundity, fertility and reproductive recovery of irradiated Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni." Physiological Entomology 36, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2011.00790.x.

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Fanson, Benjamin G., Ingrid E. Petterson, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Diet quality mediates activity patterns in adult Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)." Journal of Insect Physiology 59, no. 7 (July 2013): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.04.005.

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Moadeli, Tahereh, Phillip W. Taylor, and Fleur Ponton. "High productivity gel diets for rearing of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni." Journal of Pest Science 90, no. 2 (November 17, 2016): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-016-0813-0.

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Teulon, David A. J., John M. Kean, and Karen F. Armstrong. "Current and planned research for managing the fruit fly threat to New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 28, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.326.

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Fruit flies (Family Tephritidae), in particular the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni; QFF), areone of the biggest biosecurity risks for New Zealand horticulture. New Zealand has one of the bestscience-based biosecurity systems in the world, based on years of experience and sound research. Theintroduction of fruit flies to New Zealand is now well managed in commercial fruit imports, but the riskis rising from growing trade and travel and, in the case of QFF, climatic adaptation and spread to moresouthern localities. Smarter solutions are continually needed to manage this increasing risk, and to dealwith such pests when they arrive. We present a brief summary of current and anticipated research aimedat reducing the likelihood of entry into New Zealand and/or minimising the impact for the fruit flyspecies of greatest threat to New Zealand. Research spans risk assessment, pathway risk management,diagnostics, surveillance and eradication.

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Roohigohar, Shirin, Anthony R. Clarke, and Peter J. Prentis. "Gene selection for studying frugivore-plant interactions: a review and an example using Queensland fruit fly in tomato." PeerJ 9 (August 5, 2021): e11762. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11762.

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Fruit production is negatively affected by a wide range of frugivorous insects, among them tephritid fruit flies are one of the most important. As a replacement for pesticide-based controls, enhancing natural fruit resistance through biotechnology approaches is a poorly researched but promising alternative. The use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is an approach to studying gene expression which has been widely used in studying plant resistance to pathogens and non-frugivorous insect herbivores, and offers a starting point for fruit fly studies. In this paper, we develop a gene selection pipe-line for known induced-defense genes in tomato fruit, Solanum lycopersicum, and putative detoxification genes in Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, as a basis for future RT-qPCR research. The pipeline started with a literature review on plant/herbivore and plant/pathogen molecular interactions. With respect to the fly, this was then followed by the identification of gene families known to be associated with insect resistance to toxins, and then individual genes through reference to annotated B. tryoni transcriptomes and gene identity matching with related species. In contrast for tomato, a much better studied species, individual defense genes could be identified directly through literature research. For B. tryoni, gene selection was then further refined through gene expression studies. Ultimately 28 putative detoxification genes from cytochrome P450 (P450), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) gene families were identified for B. tryoni, and 15 induced defense genes from receptor-like kinase (RLK), D-mannose/L-galactose, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipoxygenase (LOX), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), proteinase inhibitors (PI) and resistance (R) gene families were identified from tomato fruit. The developed gene selection process for B. tryoni can be applied to other herbivorous and frugivorous insect pests so long as the minimum necessary genomic information, an annotated transcriptome, is available.

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Sutherst, Robert W., and Tania Yonow. "The geographical distribution of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni, in relation to climate." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 6 (1998): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97152.

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CLIMEX is used to analyse the potential distribution of the Queensland fruit fly in relation to long-term average meteorological data. Different hypotheses on the mechanisms limiting the distribution of this species are examined. The analyses indicate that different CLIMEX models discriminate between locations in different ways. In particular, the models describing the limiting effects of cold stress yield substantially different estimates of the areas that can support overwintering populations. With the threshold temperature model of cold stress, extreme low temperatures exclude flies from high-altitude areas, but fail to exclude them from areas known not to support overwintering populations. These areas can only be rendered unfavourable by using the degree-day model of cold stress, which prevents sufficient thermal accumulation above the developmental threshold to maintain basic metabolic processes for long periods. In contrast, 2 models describing different modes of heat stress accumulation provide similar results and are interchangeable. Our analyses also indicate the potential for agricultural practices, such as irrigation, to alter quite dramatically the suitability of an area for Queensland fruit fly, and impact upon its geographical distribution and the pattern of activity.

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Gilchrist, A. S., B. Dominiak, P. S. Gillespie, and J. A. Sved. "Variation in population structure across the ecological range of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 2 (2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05020.

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We sampled a pest fruit fly species, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, across its entire ecological range in eastern Australia, from ancestral high-density populations in tropical regions through to isolated outbreak populations in marginal arid areas. Using DNA microsatellite markers, we found that in ancestral areas, population differentiation was low and populations were genetically homogeneous over large distances. In more temperate areas, populations were far more genetically differentiated but there was no pattern of isolation-by-distance (no drift/migration equilibrium). Genetic drift appeared to be the major influence on population differentiation. The transition between these extremes was abrupt and unexpectedly far from the species border. Limited geographic structuring among the non-equilibrium populations was apparent from patterns of genetic differentiation, patterns of allelic richness and an ordination analysis. Our results also suggested that there might be recurring migration of flies into a neighbouring quarantine area.

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Zhou, Yufei, Juanita Rodriguez, Nicole Fisher, and Renee A. Catullo. "Ecological Drivers and Sex-Based Variation in Body Size and Shape in the Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060390.

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The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni; Q-fly) is an Australian endemic horticultural pest species, which has caused enormous economic losses. It has the potential to expand its range to currently Q-fly-free areas and poses a serious threat to the Australian horticultural industry. A large number of studies have investigated the correlation between environmental factors and Q-fly development, reproduction, and expansion. However, it is still not clear how Q-fly morphological traits vary with the environment. Our study focused on three morphological traits (body size, wing shape, and fluctuating asymmetry) in Q-fly samples collected from 1955 to 1965. We assessed how these traits vary by sex, and in response to latitude, environmental variables, and geographic distance. First, we found sexual dimorphism in body size and wing shape, but not in fluctuating asymmetry. Females had a larger body size but shorter and wider wings than males, which may be due to reproductive and/or locomotion differences between females and males. Secondly, the body size of Q-flies varied with latitude, which conforms to Bergmann’s rule. Finally, we found Q-fly wing shape was more closely related to temperature rather than aridity, and low temperature and high aridity may lead to high asymmetry in Q-fly populations.

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Jessup, Andrew J. "Gamma Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment for Sweet Cherries Against Queensland Fruit Fly." HortScience 25, no. 4 (April 1990): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.4.456.

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The quality of `Ron's Seedling', `American Bing', and `Lambert' sweet cherry drupes was not affected by irradiation doses up to 300 to 1000 gray. Peduncle discoloration increased in `Ron's Seedling' cherries when irradiated at 600 and 1000 gray. A dose of 75 gray prevented adult eclosion of more than 1300 Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni, Froggatt). Larvae treated at the third instar were the least susceptible to gamma irradiation. The results indicated that gamma irradiation is a feasible quarantine treatment against D. tryoni without impairment to the quality of cherries.

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Nguyen, V. L., A. Meats, G. A. C. Beattie, R. Spooner-Hart, Z. M. Liu, and L. Jiang. "Behavioural responses of female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, to mineral oil deposits." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 122, no. 3 (March 2007): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00504.x.

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Moadeli, T., B. Mainali, F. Ponton, and P. W. Taylor. "Evaluation of yeasts in gel larval diet for Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni." Journal of Applied Entomology 142, no. 7 (June 2, 2018): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12520.

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Langford, Eliza A., Uffe N. Nielsen, Scott N. Johnson, and Markus Riegler. "Susceptibility of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to entomopathogenic nematodes." Biological Control 69 (February 2014): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.10.009.

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Benelli, Maurizio, Fleur Ponton, and Phillip W. Taylor. "Cool storage of Queensland fruit fly eggs for increased flexibility in rearing programs." Pest Management Science 75, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 1056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5215.

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Meats, A. W., A. D. Clift, and M. K. Robson. "Incipient founder populations of Mediterranean and Queensland fruitflies in Australia: the relation of trap catch to infestation radius andmodels for quarantine radius." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02070.

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We examined data from 75 infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) and 286 of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) that have occurred in quarantined and normally fly-free zones in Australia from 1974 to 2000. The radius of occurrence of both adult male flies and infested fruit was almost always less than 1 km. The rare cases where there was an isolated occurrence beyond 1 km of an epicentre were most likely due to (and can be treated as) separate introductions. Our analysis shows that effective quarantine radii for suspension of fly-free status should be related to the number of flies trapped around the epicentre and the density of the trap array (if the appropriate code of practice is applied). Most detections of fruit flies involve the trapping of very few flies and 18% of Medfly infestations and 71% of Qfly infestations that are detected are not classified as outbreaks and are left to die out without any treatment. For each species, we have used 3 alternative methods to calculate confidence limits for infestation radii. The upper limits could also serve as quarantine radii. These limits increase with the rate of trapping of male flies and have a theoretical probability of 3/100 000 (i.e. probit 9) of being exceeded. The quarantine radii for most declared outbreaks, when calculated with any of our methods, would be small because the number of flies detected is usually only just above the threshold for such a declaration. If our methods were used for beneficial species or for re-introductions of endangered species, the lower confidence limits could be used to calculate the size of inoculum required for a high probability of initial establishment.

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Dominiak, Bernard C., and David Daniels. "Review of the past and present distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) and Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt) in Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 51, no. 2 (December 21, 2011): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00842.x.

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