Academic literature on the topic 'Queen Silvia'

Reseña de: Mitchell, Silvia Z., Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain. University Park, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. xv + 293 pp. ISBN: 978-0-271-08339-1

Die Behandlungsrichtlinien sind eindeutig: Das lokalisierte follikuläre Non Hodgkin Lymphom wird strahlentherapeutisch behandelt. Die Wirklichkeit sieht anders aus. Dr. Silvia Montoto vom Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London/Großbritannien, kommentiert die Ergebnisse der LymphoCare-Studie, die genau dies festgestellt hat.

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the frequency of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) hypothesising that preoperative enteral feeding does not increase the risk of NEC.BackgroundWhen NEC affects term infants, underlying risk factors such as asphyxia, sepsis or CCHD are often found. Due to fear of NEC development in infants with CCHD great caution is practised in many countries to defer preoperative enteral feeding, but in Sweden this is routinely provided.Design, setting and patientsAn observational study of all infants born with CCHD who were admitted to Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital in Gothenburg between 2010 and 2017. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnosis code of NEC was used to identify NEC cases in this group. Infants described as ‘fully fed’ or who were fed at least 45 mL/kg/day before cardiac surgery were identified.Main outcome measuresNEC in infants with CCHD in relation to preoperative enteral feeding.ResultsThere were 458 infants with CCHD admitted during the study period. 408/458 were born at term and 361/458 required prostaglandin E1 before surgery. In total, 444/458 infants (97%) were fully fed or fed at least 45 mL/kg daily before cardiac surgery. Four of 458 infants developed NEC (0.9%). All four had other risk factors for NEC.ConclusionsThis study showed a low risk of NEC in term infants fed enterally before cardiac surgery. We speculate that preoperative enteral feeding of neonates with CCHD does not increase the risk of NEC development.

AbstractBackgroundShunt occlusion is a major cause of death in children with single ventricle. We evaluated whether one daily measurement of oxygen saturation at home could detect life-threatening shunt dysfunction.MethodsA total of 28 infants were included. Parents were instructed to measure saturation once daily and if less than or equal to 70% repeat the measurement. Home monitoring was defined as positive when a patient was admitted to Queen Silvia Children's Hospital because of saturation less than or equal to 70% on repeated measurement at home. A shunt complication was defined as arterial desaturation and a narrowing of the shunt that resulted in an intervention to relieve the obstruction or in death. Parents’ attitude towards the method was investigated using a questionnaire.ResultsA shunt complication occurred out of hospital eight times in eight patients. Home monitoring was positive in five out of eight patients. In two patients, home monitoring was probably life saving; in one of them, the shunt was replaced the same day and the other had an emergency balloon dilatation of the shunt. In three out of eight patients, home monitoring was negative; one had an earlier stage II and survived, but two died suddenly at home from thrombotic shunt occlusion. On seven occasions in three patients home monitoring was positive but there was no shunt complication. The method was well accepted by the parents according to the results of the questionnaire.ConclusionHome monitoring of oxygen saturation has the potential to detect some of the life-threatening shunt obstructions between stages I and II in infants with single-ventricle physiology.

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common morbidity after esophageal atresia (EA) repair, and the antireflux procedure (ARP) is a way of treating GERD symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether reflux index (Ri) and growth were improved by ARP. Materials and Methods Ninety-nine individuals with EA treated at the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 1997 and 2010 were followed prospectively according to a structured care program. Twenty-four-hour pH-metry (Ri) and growth were studied at birth, then at 1, 7, and 15 years of age. All the patients included had reached 7 years of age. Results Preoperatively, Ri was significantly higher (32%) in the ARP than the non-ARP group (10%). Postoperatively, no difference was seen between the groups. However, at 7 and 15 years of age, Ri was significantly higher in the ARP group than in the non-ARP group. Weight (standard deviation scores) was significantly lower in the ARP group at 1 and 7 years of age when compared with the non-ARP group, but these differences were not seen at birth and at 15 years of age. In a multivariate analysis, only birth weight remained a significant factor for low weight at 7 years of age. At 15 years of age, no risk factors for low body weight were found. Conclusion In the long term, ARP is not effective in reducing GERD as measured as Ri in EA patients. The ARP group had significantly lower weight at 1 and 7 years of age than the non-ARP group, but this was not the case at the age of 15.

The Silver Queen polymetallic vein system south of Houston, B.C., can be treated as a 2-dimensional problem for purposes of reserve/resource estimation. Complexities in obtaining reserve/resource estimates arise from (i) uncertainties in geological interpolation and extrapolation of the vein system, (ii) uncertainties in the distinction between vein and highly altered wallrock in some old drill logs, (iii) complex and multivariable geological character of the vein, (iv) a limited number of exploration drill holes and (v) a different support for drift and drill hole data. Each of these problems has been considered in detail. The study comprises geological analysis, data analysis, point kriging (analysis of thickness and metal distribution) block kriging and comparison of reserve/resource estimation by various procedures including ordinary kriging, inverse squared distance weighting, and polygonal methods. A novel component of the investigation is the use of correlograms (in reality, 1 minus the correlogram) as a substitute for the variogram in geostatistical estimates. This procedure was tested as a means of defining continuity of DDH and Drift assay data of differing support. Ordinary kriging of large polygonal blocks provides metal contents more or less comparable to but locally more conservative than polygonal results reported in a recent feasibility study. Differences are in part due to the use of somewhat different data for the two procedures. The effect of the volume of the selective mining unit on the recovered tonnage and grade is described and limitations of the indirect lognormal method are presented.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate

This paper, on the identities shown in one of the cameos in Empress Josephine’s pearl and cameo diadem, has first of all focused on the mythological characters, and thereafter raised the question if these are to be seen as an allegory for people from the time. The process of identi-fication has followed the three levels in Panofsky’s method for analysing art, where the first and second levels consist of already known material from the Bernadotte Library, Royal Palace in Stockholm and the jeweller house of Chaumet (former Nitot et Fils) in Paris.                      To decipher both the mythological individuals and the possible allegories, that is the third level, the iconology itself, the thoughts and methods of  Göran Hermerén on the rise and fall of allegories along with Leora Auslander’s solutions using visuals comparisons, when no written material is available, have provided the academic framework for the study.                                When comparing the cameo with pieces of art from the time, the subject fits the description of the Roman mythology’s love goddess Venus and her son Cupid, the lovechild fathered by Mars. Moving on to allegories, well-known material shows that Emperor Napoleon was keen to be portrayed as the god of war Mars and Empress Josephine as Venus.  A portrait of special interest to the study, a rather private painting by Parent from 1807, which is probably still unknown to most people, shows how Josephine is depicted with a recently deceased grandchild, a young boy how was also the nephew of Napoleon’s, a close relative to them both, and in the line of  succession to the throne, while Napoleon still was Emperor. This picture has an expression which is close to the one of Venus and Cupid, and it is also made to look like a cameo. These portraits were known at the time when Napoleon gave the diadem to Josephine in 1809.                                                       Among portraits from the Napoleonic era, there has earlier only been one known painting, even if in two examples, where the diadem is shown. It is a miniature of Empress Josephine, a work from her final period at Malmaison, 1814. However, another miniature picturing the daughter Hortense in the very same piece of jewellery, from 1812, has now become known. In both these examples, the depicted cameo has a hight measuring only millimetres, why a discussion on the execution and the rendering has to be done with restraint. But in the daughter´s portrait there is a certain attempt to show the outlines of the central cameo that differs from the later painting of the Empress. This may be an indication of how much more important it was for the daughter to relay the picture of her mother and the memory of her son, in 1812, than it was for Josephine in 1814, after the divorce, probably after the fall of Napoleon too, when she was no longer his Venus, and there was no longer a throne for any of her grandsons to inherit.         Therefore, in short, the chosen methods give the answer that the mythology depicted is a scene of Venus and her son Cupid, and the allegorical interpretation of Venus is the Empress herself. The child in shape of Cupid here, may well be read as one of her daughter’s sons, at the time a much longed-for heir to the throne of Napoleon I.

This study looks at representations of the bakla in Philippine cinema from 1954 to 2015. I argue that the bakla, a local gender category that incorporates ideas of male homosexuality, effeminacy, cross-dressing, and transgenderism, has become a central figure in Philippine cinema. I examine the films of Dolphy, the actor who was the first to popularize bakla roles in mainstream cinema, and I outline several tropes that create the bakla image in movies: “classical” kabaklaan (being bakla), which involves crossdressing, effeminacy, and being woman-hearted; the conversion trope, where the bakla stubbornly resists being forcibly masculinized by the men that surround him; and women’s enabling of the bakla to perform femininity despite his male body. The bakla also becomes trapped in the dialectic between the genres of comedy and melodrama – the bakla then becomes either a comic relief character or a tragic character, someone who should be both pitied and admired for enduring tragic circumstances. Since the word bakla colloquially means both the gay man and the transgender woman, I also look at the intersections between the bakla and global transgender rights discourse in Philippine cinema. I argue that the bakla’s male body and his female heart mirror contemporary thinking about transgenderism, where a person’s birth-assigned sex does not match their gender identity. I look at films in the science fiction/fantasy adventure genre and examine how the male body is transformed into a female body – whether through medical or magical means – but the bakla gender category remains pervasive. I next look at independent films and how the camera constructs bakla sexuality in cinema by framing the male body as an object of desire. I also examine how the bakla have shifted their sexuality from the desiring the otherness of the macho lalake (masculine man) to desiring sameness in the form of other bakla (masculine gay men). Incidentally, this shift in the object of sexuality coincides with the shift in gender performance from “traditional” kabaklaan, with its elements of effeminacy and crossdressing, to a more homonormative image, mirroring the “modern” discourse of gay globality. Finally, I examine the contemporary Philippine celebrity star system and the popularity of bakla films within the last decade. I argue that Vice Ganda becomes representative of the ideal bakla, one who is affluent but still ‘reachable’; opinionated and politically engaged with LGBT rights; and finally, funny and comic in a way that is empowering for himself, but also in manners that are abrasive and offensive.

The main purpose of this study of a pearl and cameo diadem, given by Napoleon to his first wife Josephine in 1809, is to follow its representation in portraiture from Paris in 1812 to Stockholm in 2010, and explore how the iconography develops during these 200 years. From the earlier years, the diadem is found only in miniatures, then after coming to the new royal family in Sweden, the Bernadottes, it is given a role of an heirloom representing history and families in grand paintings, arriving to the present well-known wedding hairpiece, covered by modern media, where the diadem is more of a crown than the open, forehead-covering piece of fashion jewellery it was during the Napoleonic era in France. The portraits from 1812, 1814, 1836, 1837, 1877, 1976, 2000/2003 and 2010 also portray a development of the female role model of its time. Just like the hair piece attains an iconography which comprises not only the highest dress codes but also a possibility of status transformation for the people involved in ceremony, the role of the country’s First Lady is about to change into a higher, more egalitarian position of present days.

The Silver Queen mine, southeast of Houston, B.C., consists of a series of epithermal base- and precious-metal bearing veins hosted by Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the Tip Top Hill formation. Mineralogically, the veins are complex, displaying several discrete mineralizing stages characterized by the presence of certain sulfide and gangue species. The complexity of the vein mineralogy has presented a problem in assessing the systemic evolution of the hydrothermal system. This study describes in detail the nature of the mineralogy, dividing the assemblages present into four distinct paragenetic stages. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of potentially economic phases (e.g. electrum). Sulfide phases which were compositionally sensitive to trace element variations were examined by electron microprobe to determine variations on single grain and deposit scales. Microbeam analysis also assisted in the identification of several sulfosalt species. Evaluation of the mineralogy and paragenesis allowed for the assessment of the evolution of the deposit. Paragenetically, the mineralization is divided into four distinct stages. The first stage is characterized by fine grained pyrite and quartz mineralization, with hematite abundant in the assemblage in the central segment of the most extensive (Number Three) vein. Barite, svanbergite, and hinsdalite become abundant towards the south end of the Number Three vein, with marcasite more abundant towards the north. Stage II is dominated by the presence of massive sphalerite and layered carbonate (calcite in the south, manganoan carbonates in the north). Stage III, however, is more complex. Mineralization consists of chalcopyrite, galena, fahlores (tetrahedrite-tennantite), electrum, quartz, and sulfosalts. Included in the sulfosalt assemblage are the unusual Pb-Bi-Cu-Ag species berryite, matildite, gustavite, and aikinite. The final stage of mineralization is volumetrically minor and is dominated by fine-grained quartz, pyrobitumen, and calcite. Minor element trends in tetrahedrites and sphalerites reveal a mineralizing fluid with a high degree of compositional variability. Tetrahedrite grains show well developed oscillatory compositional zoning in Sb, As, Bi, Ag, and Cu, while sphalerites are commonly visually well layered. The latter was found to be the main repository for the unusual metals Ga, Ge, and In, which are found in anomalous levels in Silver Queen ore. The Silver Queen veins are proposed to have evolved from fluids originating at depth to the south of the Number Three vein. Pulses of metal-bearing fluids interacted with cooler groundwaters, producing the observed distribution of assemblages. The presence of Ga, Ge, and In may have been sourced in an organic-rich layer exposed in several locales in the Silver Queen mine area.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aquatic ecosystems may be constantly receiving metals from industrial discharges and agriculture generated by anthropogenic activities. Thus, the organisms in the aquatic environment may be the target of these contaminants. The aim of this study was verify cadmium effects on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) metabolism. First was verified the lethal concentration (LC50) 96 hours of cadmium for silver catfish and was obtained the value of 1.7 mg/L. Then juvenile of R. quelen were exposed for seven and 14 days to 10% and 20% of LC50. At the end of exposure periods the fish were subjected to recovery periods of seven and 14 days. The parameters analyzed were the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (brain and muscle), oxidative stress through parameters such as protein carbonyl (liver), TBARS (brain, liver, kidney, gills) and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase (liver, kidney and gills). Furthermore, general parameters related to metabolism as glycogen, glucose, lactate, protein, amino acids and ammonia (liver, muscle and plasma) and metal accumulation were verified. The activity of brain AChE was not changed after seven days of exposure but significant inhibition was observed after 14 days of exposure and recovery. After the exposure periods, the muscle AChE was increased (seven days) and inhibited (14 days). Increase in protein carbonyl occurred after seven days of exposure and reduction was found after seven days of recovery. The same exposure period caused an increase in TBARS in the brain and gills and reduction in kidney. Following the recovery for seven days, an increase of TBARS occurred in the liver and reduction in the gills. After the exposure for 14 days TBARS increase was observed in all tissues tested. In the kidney values return to the control levels after the recovery of 14 days. The activity of liver catalase increased and reduced in gills after the exposure periods and the recovery for seven days caused reduction of the enzyme in the two tissues. In the kidney no change was observed in the activity of this enzyme. The activity of liver glutathione S-transferase increased after exposure for seven days and reduced after the same recovery period. In the gills a significant decrease occurred after exposure (seven and 14 days) and activity only returned to the control values after 14 days of recovery. The liver superoxide dismutase activity reduced after exposure periods and was recovered only after 14 days. The metabolic parameters presented changes according to tissue and time of exposure. In the liver occurred increase of lactate, protein and amino acids and reduction of glucose after exposure to cadmium for seven days. In the recovery period of seven days, the glycogen levels increased and the other parameters returned to the control values. Following 14 days of exposure the liver protein concentration reduced however, the amino acids and ammonia levels increased. After the recovery of 14 days, amino acids and ammonia remained increased, lactate also increased and reduced glycogen in this period. In the muscular tissue protein reduction and increase of amino acids, ammonia, glycogen and glucose were observed after exposure (seven days). In seven days of recovery, glucose remained increased and protein reduced. After 14 days of exposure also was observed reduction of protein, but there was an increase of glucose. In the recovery of 14 days only the ammonia levels had increased. In plasma, glucose, lactate and protein were altered after exposure to cadmium. Lactate increased after seven days and silver catfish showed glucose, lactate and protein reduced after 14 days. Lactate reduced after seven days in recovery and the protein levels remained low after the recovery for 14 days. In general the cadmium accumulation was higher in kidney, liver and gills as compared to the brain and muscle. Thus, the changes observed indicate that cadmium affects the silver catfish metabolism. The parameters analyzed can be good indicators of cadmium toxicity.
Os ecossistemas aquáticos podem estar recebendo constantemente metais provenientes de descargas industriais e da agricultura geradas por atividades humanas. Desta forma, os organismos presentes no meio aquático podem ser alvo destes contaminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do cádmio sobre o metabolismo de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). Neste trabalho primeiramente verificou-se a concentração letal média (CL50) do cádmio para o jundiá, obtendo-se o valor de 1,7 mg/L. Em seguida juvenis de R. quelen foram expostos por sete e 14 dias à 10% e 20% do valor da CL50. Ao final da exposição, os peixes foram submetidos a períodos de recuperação de sete e 14 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) (cérebro e músculo), ocorrência de estresse oxidativo através de parâmetros como proteína carbonil (fígado), formação de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) (cérebro, fígado, rim, brânquias) e as enzimas antioxidantes catalase, glutationa S-transferase e superóxido dismutase (fígado, rim e brânquias). Além disso, parâmetros gerais relacionados ao metabolismo como glicogênio, glicose, lactato, proteína, aminoácidos e amônia (fígado, músculo e plasma) e acumulação de metais (cérebro, músculo, fígado, rim e brânquias) foram determinados. A atividade da AChE cerebral não foi alterada após sete dias de exposição mas foi observada significante inibição após 14 dias de exposição e recuperação. Após os períodos de exposição, a AChE muscular foi aumentada (sete dias) e reduzida (14 dias). Ocorreu aumento de proteína carbonil após sete dias de exposição e redução após sete dias de recuperação. O mesmo período de exposição provocou aumento de TBARS no cérebro e brânquias e redução no rim. Seguindo a recuperação por sete dias ocorreu aumento de TBARS no fígado e redução nas brânquias. Após a exposição de 14 dias foi observado aumento de TBARS em todos os tecidos analisados, e somente no rim os valores retornam aos níveis do controle após a recuperação de 14 dias. A atividade da catalase aumentou no fígado e reduziu nas brânquias após os períodos de exposição. Na recuperação (sete dias) ocorreu redução da atividade da enzima nos dois tecidos. No rim nenhuma alteração foi observada na atividade desta enzima. A atividade da glutationa S-transferase aumentou no fígado após a exposição por sete dias e reduziu após o mesmo período de recuperação. Nas brânquias ocorreu um decréscimo significante após exposição (sete e 14 dias) e a atividade só retornou aos valores do controle depois de 14 dias de recuperação. A atividade da superóxido dismutase, analisada no fígado, reduziu após os períodos de exposição e foi recuperada somente após 14 dias em água sem adição de cádmio. Os parâmetros relacionados ao metabolismo apresentaram alterações de acordo com o tecido considerado e tempo de exposição. No fígado ocorreu aumento de lactato, proteína e aminoácidos e redução de glicose na exposição ao cádmio por sete dias. Na recuperação por sete dias, os níveis de glicogênio aumentaram e os demais parâmetros retornaram aos valores do controle. Seguindo 14 dias de exposição, a concentração de proteína hepática reduziu enquanto os níveis de aminoácidos e amônia aumentaram. Após a recuperação de 14 dias, aminoácidos e amônia permaneceram aumentados, lactato também aumentou e glicogênio reduziu neste período. No tecido muscular ocorreu redução de proteína e aumento de aminoácidos, amônia, glicogênio e glicose após exposição (sete dias). Na recuperação por sete dias, glicose permaneceu aumentada e proteína reduzida. Após 14 dias de exposição também foi verificada redução de proteína, mas ocorreu aumento de glicose e neste período de recuperação somente os níveis de amônia apresentaram aumento. No plasma, glicose, lactato e proteína foram alterados após exposição ao cádmio. Lactato aumentou após sete dias e depois de 14 dias expostos, jundiás demonstraram redução de glicose, lactato e proteína. Lactato reduziu após sete dias em recuperação e os níveis de proteína continuaram reduzidos após a recuperação por 14 dias. De maneira geral a acumulação de cádmio foi maior no rim, fígado e brânquias em comparação com o cérebro e músculo. Desta forma, as alterações observadas indicam que o cádmio afeta o metabolismo de jundiás. Os parâmetros analisados podem ser bons indicadores de toxicidade para cádmio.

This thesis aims to present, discuss, and analyze issues relating to queer representations in film and television. The thesis focuses on existing tropes, such as queer coding, queerbaiting, and the “Bury Your Gays” trope that are prevalent in contemporary media, and applies the analysis of these tropes to a case study based on the television series Black Sails (2014-2017). The analysis explores the main research question: in what way does Black Sails subvert or reproduce existing queer tropes in film and television? This then leads to the discussion of three aspects: the way queer sexual identities are represented overall, what representational strategies are employed by the series in a number of episodes, and whether or not these representations reproduce or subvert media tropes.

The aim of this study was to determine the mean lethal concentration (96 h) for waterborne copper (LC50), as well as the effect of the exposure to copper on growth, metabolic parameters (glycogen, glucose, lactate, and protein) in some tissues, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (brain and muscle), amylase and maltase (intestine) in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The LC50 for copper was 0.4 mg/L. On growth experiments fish were exposed to 10 and 20% LC50, i.e., 0.04 and 0.08 mg/L respectively. Exposure to copper did not change growth parameters (weight, length and biomass). In the liver, lactate levels increased in juveniles exposed to 0.04 mg/L and decreased in those maintained at 0.08 mg/L, while protein levels decreased in those exposed to both concentrations compared to unexposed specimens. Glycogen levels in the muscle were lower in fish exposed to both concentrations, glucose and lactate were higher in those exposed to 0.04 mg/L and decreased in juveniles maintained at 0.08 mg/L, while protein was higher in those exposed to 0.08 mg/L. Glucose and lactate plasma levels were higher in juveniles exposed to 0.04 mg/L, but protein levels were lower in those maintained at both copper concentrations. Amylase activity was lower in juveniles exposed to both concentrations, but maltase was higher in those exposed to 0.04 mg/L than control group. Brain AChE activity was lower in fish exposed to both concentrations while muscle AChE activity was not affected after 45 days of exposure. It can be concluded that copper can change several metabolic parameters and enzymes of toxicological and feeding interest even at sublethal concentrations.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a concentração letal média em 96 h (CL50) para o cobre, bem como o efeito da exposição ao cobre sobre o crescimento, parâmetros metabólicos (glicogênio, glicose, lactato e proteína) em alguns tecidos (fígado, músculo e cérebro) e a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) (cérebro e músculo), amilase e maltase (intestino) em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen.). A CL50 para o cobre foi 0,4 mg/L. Nos experimentos de crescimento os peixes foram expostos durante 45 dias a 10 e 20% da CL50, ou seja, 0,04 e 0,08 mg/L respectivamente. A adição de cobre não alterou os parâmetros de crescimento avaliados (peso, comprimento e biomassa). No fígado, os níveis de lactato aumentaram nos exemplares expostos a 0,04 mg/L e diminuíram nos mantidos em 0,08 mg/L, enquanto que os níveis de proteína diminuíram em ambas as concentrações em relação ao grupo controle. No músculo houve redução na atividade do glicogênio nos exemplares mantidos nas duas concentrações testadas, a glicose e o lactato aumentaram nos expostos a 0,04 mg/L e diminuíram nos expostos a 0,08 mg/L, e a proteína aumentou nos mantidos em 0,08 mg/L. Os níveis de glicose e lactato no plasma foram maiores nos exemplares mantidos em 0,04 mg/L e diminuíram os níveis de proteína nos expostos a ambas as concentrações de cobre. A atividade da amilase foi menor nos juvenis expostos a ambas as concentrações, enquanto a da maltase foi maior em 0,04 mg/L quando comparada ao grupo controle. A atividade da AChE cerebral foi menor nos exemplares expostos a ambas concentrações, enquanto que a AChE muscular não sofreu alterações após os 45 dias de exposição. Conclui-se que o cobre mesmo em concentrações subletais pode alterar diversos parâmetros metabólicos e enzimas de interesse toxicológico e alimentar.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The advancement of agricultural techniques has enabled improvement and greater productivity, but also made the use of agrochemicals and inadequate in promoting exaggerated acute effects to non-target species. The pesticides are agents of greatest potential in degradation of aquatic environments, since, through the flood of agricultural areas, flowing organic or inorganic substances, natural or synthetic. Among the pesticides most used currently, include the non-selective herbicide glyphosate and organophosphorus compounds. To understand and prevent the damage caused to the environment, researchers have used multiple biomarkers as an effective tool for evaluation of environmental contamination. This study was divided into two studies: a manipulative experiment and other natural. The first study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects and about the system in larvae of Rhamdia quelen exposed to sublethal concentration of glyphosate. In this study it was possible to conclude that, in spite of the animals exposed to glyphosate having highest percentage of survival, there was an early induction of cholinesterase activity and antioxidant system, followed by the difficulty of maintaining the activities of antioxidant system in later times, resulting in a greater injury at the cellular level. The stress that animals suffer when they are exposed to the herbicide glyphosate causes a change in your metabolism being characteristic of elastic resistance. In the second study, the objective was to evaluate changes in antioxidant system and neurotoxic R. branneri present in streams with different levels of environmental contamination during autumn and winter. In this analysis, the response of biomarkers is related to the temporal variation, and possibly the exposure of these animals to pesticides. With the results obtained showed that the local biota responded differently in each season, signaling that the fauna is in contact with oxidizing agents and cholinesterasic in the period of autumn, when there is increased frequency of planting and use of pesticides
O avanço das técnicas agrícolas possibilitou melhoria e maior produtividade de alimentos, mas também fez com que o uso exacerbado e inadequado de agroquímicos promovesse efeitos agudos a espécies não-alvo. Os agrotóxicos são os agentes de maior potencial na degradação dos ambientes aquáticos, já que, por meio do deflúvio superficial de áreas agrícolas, escoam substâncias orgânicas ou inorgânicas, naturais ou sintéticas. Dentre os agrotóxicos mais utilizados atualmente pode-se citar o herbicida não-seletivo glifosato e compostos organofosforados. Para se compreender e prevenir os danos causados ao ambiente, pesquisadores têm utilizado múltiplos biomarcadores como uma ferramenta eficaz para avaliação de contaminação ambiental. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois estudos: um experimento manipulativo e outro natural. O primeiro estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos neurotóxicos e sobre o sistema em larvas de Rhamdia quelen expostas a concentração subletal de glifosato. Neste estudo foi possível concluir que, apesar dos animais expostos ao glifosato terem maior porcentagem de sobrevivência, ocorreu uma indução precoce da atividade colinesterásica e do sistema antioxidante, seguido da dificuldade de manutenção das atividades do sistema antioxidante nos horários posteriores, resultando em uma maior lesão ao nível celular. O estresse que os animais sofreram ao serem expostos ao herbicida glifosato provoca uma alteração no seu metabolismo sendo característica de resistência elástica. No segundo estudo, o objetivo proposto foi avaliar alterações neurotóxicas e do sistema antioxidante em R. branneri presentes em riachos com diferentes níveis de contaminação ambiental nos períodos de outono e inverno. Nesta análise, a resposta dos biomarcadores está relacionada à variação temporal, e possivelmente à exposição desses animais à agrotóxicos. Com os resultados obtidos observou-se que, a biota local respondeu de forma diferente em cada estação, sinalizando que a fauna está em contato com agentes oxidantes e colinesterásicos no período de outono, quando há maior frequência de plantio e uso de agrotóxicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The transport of live fish is one of the main activities developed in fish farms, causing many physiological, biochemical, and behavioral alterations that can be impairment to these animais, contributed to a reduction in the feed ingestion, growth, pathogens defense and, consequently, resulting in the higher mortality rate. In view of this, the objective was, firstly, assess the extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetic in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and, also, verify the efficacy of the use of eugenol, the essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba and the methanolic extract (ME) of Condalia buxifolia during transport of silver catfish, through the following indicators: water, blood and biochemical parameters, survival and ionoregulatory balance. At the end of the experiments, it was observed that the ME of C. buxifolia in the concentration 0.5 to 120 μL L-1 range has the capacity to lightly sedate of fishes. In addition, in transport experiments, the concentrations of eugenol (1, 1.5, 2.5 or 3 μL L-1), EO of L. alba (10, 20, 30 or 40 μL L-1) and ME of C. buxifolia (5, 10, 25 or 50 μL L-1), regardless of the loading density (169.2, 186.7 or 275.1 g L-1) and transporting time (4, 12 or 6 h) were efficacy in decreasing ion loss, ammonia excretion and, also, mortality after transport. On the other hand, 30 μL L-1 of EO of L. alba caused an increase in plasma cortisol levels and, also, induced to the oxidative stress throught the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl and decrease antioxidant defenses. Therefore, two new parameters (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonilation) can be considered as indicators of oxidative stress induced by anesthetics. Moreover, is recommended the anesthetics and sedatives for silver catfish transporting, because of the consistent results showed in this thesis.
O transporte de peixes vivos é uma das principais atividades desenvolvidas em pisciculturas, ocasionando muitas vezes alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e comportamentais que podem ser prejudiciais a esses animais, contribuindo assim para uma redução na ingestão alimentar, no crescimento, na defesa contra patógenos e, consequentemente, levando a uma maior taxa de mortalidade. Em vista disso, objetivou-se, primeiramente, avaliar os extratos de Condalia buxifolia como anestésico em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) e, também, verificar a eficácia da utilização do eugenol, do óleo essencial (OE) de Lippia alba e do extrato metanólico (EM) de C. buxifolia durante o transporte de jundiá, considerando-se os seguintes indicadores: parâmetros da água, do sangue e bioquímicos, sobrevivência e balanço ionorregulatório. Ao final dos experimentos para verificação da capacidade anestésica, percebeu-se que o EM de C. buxifolia na faixa de concentração entre 0,5 120 μL L-1 possui a capacidade de manter os peixes levemente sedados. Já nos experimentos de transporte, as concentrações de eugenol (1; 1,5; 2,5 ou 3 μL L-1), de OE de L. alba (10; 20; 30 ou 40 μL L-1) e de EM de C. buxifolia (5; 10; 25 ou 50 μL L-1), independentemente da densidade de carga (169,2; 186,7 ou 275,1 g L-1) e do tempo de transporte (4; 12 ou 6 h) foram eficazes na diminuição do fluxo iônico, da excreção de amônia e, também da mortalidade pós-transporte. Por outro lado, 30 μL L-1 de OE de L. alba causou uma elevação dos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol e, também induziu ao estresse oxidativo, através do aumento dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e proteína carbonil e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Desta forma, dois novos parâmetros (peroxidação lipídica e carbonilação protéica) podem ser considerados como indicadores de estresse oxidativo induzido por anestésicos. Além disso, é aconselhável a utilização de anestésicos e sedativos no transporte de jundiá, em função dos consistentes resultados obtidos nesta tese.

Brenda Silver, a noted scholar of modernism, cultural studies, and of Virginia Woolf in particular, was a friend and colleague of Carolyn Heilbrun. In this essay, Silver describes the importance of Heilbrun’s work in general and the significance of her 1968 essay, ‘The Bloomsbury Group’, a courageous and ground-breaking consideration of the role of sexuality in the work and reception of the group. For several decades, until the 1991 publication of Christopher Reed’s ‘Bloomsbury Bashing’, critical work on Bloomsbury largely ignored (at best) or deprecated Bloomsbury’s queer sensibility. Silver explains that Heilbrun’s essay was an important contribution to later scholars’ understanding of Bloomsbury because it validates sexual dissidence as an important source of Bloomsbury’s creative and intellectual energy and ethos.

Framed by an examination of neoliberalism’s emphasis on individual agency – and claims that feminism is no longer needed or relevant – this chapter animates the figure of the killjoy to explore solo works in which public displays of unhappiness, dysphoria and ingratitude force a re-examination of the relationship between gender, individual responsibility, and the social. If the killjoy is imagined to spoil everyone else’s good time, it is only because they draw attention to the bad faith social contracts – exemplified and exaggerated by the politics of austerity – which oblige some but not all to practice self-sacrifice in the name of a greater social good. Featured practitioners: Bridget Christie, Ursula Martinez, Adrienne Truscott, La Ribot, Cristian Ceresoli and Silvia Gallerano, Gary Owen.

This chapter outlines the scholarly debate and theoretical architecture that underpin the rest of the book. In recent years, queer theory has come under fire for being outdated, even redundant, on the grounds that its interest in the fluidity of identity comes at the expense of political economic analysis. Contesting such claims, the chapter contends that queer theory is well suited to the study of global capitalism when pursued as a project that is both feminist and historical in approach. To this end, the author brings together the insights of Michel Foucault and Silvia Federici to develop a new framework for analyzing the intersections and contradictions between capitalism and sexuality. The chapter then explicates this framework through discussion of sex work as a particularly interesting and important site for applying the tools of queer political economy.

This chapter explores how Black diasporic authors use representations of immigration to redefine the relationship queer bodies have to place and to offer radical visions of freedom. It traces how immigration creates conditions of vulnerability, specifically, the loss of privacy and control over one’s body, by looking at feminist ethnographies of Caribbean labor migrants to Canada and at the fiction of Makeda Silvera. From there, the chapter explains how queer writers claim fugitive movement as a way to escape forces that seek to control them and as a way to imagine freedom in the context of marginalization; the chapter does so by analyzing the historiographic and creative work of Dionne Brand. The writers discussed in this chapter reimagine marginalization resulting from immigration as an unexpected pathway of flight and fugitivity.

This introductory chapter discusses the role of affect, emotion, and sentiment in modernism and modernist literary criticism. Challenging the assumption that modernism represents a flight from feeling, the chapter suggests that modernist affect should be recognised as various and complex. The introduction traces the origins and key insights of theory’s “affective turn” at the end of the twentieth century, discussing the relationships between affect theory and poststructuralism and the distinctions between “affect” and “emotion.” While emphasising the diversity of contemporary theories of affect, materiality, and embodiment, the introduction outlines the distinctions between the two most significant strands of affect theory – Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s queer revival of Silvan S. Tomkins’s psychobiology and Brian Massumi’s Deleuzian reading of Spinoza and Bergson.

Originally from Constantinople, ‘cross’ type reverses began to be used on the reverses of the Merovingian ‘National’ gold coinage (c.570/80–670), and the selection found in the Sutton Hoo hoard gives a good impression of their variety. The majority of Anglo-Saxon gold coins (c.580–675) also have crosses on their reverses, but the treatment is often quite original. Apart from the practicality of conforming to a recognized iconography in the commercial sphere, crosses served as signifiers of adherence to Christianity and also as political statements. In the Secondary silver coinage crosses as reverses are fewer, the religious message being conveyed by an ambitious figural iconography of complex meaning. The role of Bishop Liudhard, Queen Bertha’s chaplain, in persuading King Æthelberht of Kent to accept St Augustine’s mission and Christianity is not discussed by Bede, but a find from the churchyard of St Martin’s at Canterbury, now firmly associated with him, gives an insight into his position as a ‘broker’ for Christianity, romanitas, coinage, and literacy (Fig. 5.1). Liudhard’s ‘medalet’, a looped pendant, was intended for presentation, yet it is coin-like, the first such object manufactured in England at a time when there was no independent currency. On the obverse it conforms to the norm of classical coinage, but, by adopting a patriarchal cross on the reverse, it breaks with the contemporary numismatic tradition of portraying a ‘Victory’. The importance of this cross, its association with the True Cross and its relics sent to Poitiers in 569, and its allusions, have been persuasively argued by Werner, who also postulates the existence of such an altar-cross at Canterbury. However, in spite of the rich symbolism and elegance, neither Liudhard’s cross, nor the Merovingian-inspired ‘Cross-on-Steps’, decorated with taushaped pendilia and topped by a star (Fig. 5.2a), were imitated among the immediately subsequent coinage. It is simpler crosses-on steps that feature on the reverses of ‘benutigo’ coins, and Type BX. Only Anglo-Saxon gold solidi of the seventh and the eighth centuries, perhaps prestige medallic gifts, rather than currency ‘coins’, are modelled on seventh-century Byzantine ‘Cross potent-on- Steps’ (Fig. 5.2b).