Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quasi-Noyau'
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Labbé, François. "Ondes hydro-magnétiques dans un modèle Quasi-géostrophique du noyau terrestre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU033/document.
Full textVariations of the Earth's magnetic field are documented by ground observatories and low-orbiting satellites, for time scales from year to century.On such periods, dynamics of the outer core -- where the creation of the magnetic field takes place -- is strongly influenced by the Earth rotation, which tends to impose invariance of the flow in the direction parallel to the rotation axis.In this thesis report, I study a model based on this bi-dimensional velocity field hypothesis, the quasi-geostrophic model.I present a new mathematical formulation of this model through a variational approach, better suited to steep slopes on the boundaries of the spherical domain.I present a modal study of hydromagnetic waves, taking into account for the first time the impact of a non-zonal imposed magnetic field.Two groups of hydromagnetic waves are present : centennial magneto-Coriolis waves and interannual torsional Alfvén waves.I describe evolution of those waves as the effect of rotation is intensified until Earth-like parameters are reached.I also discuss in what measure an other version of the quasi-geostrophic model, where Lorentz force is represented by quadratic products of the magnetic field, can be adapted to understand tridimensional dynamo numerical simulations.I observe that for parameters available today, magnetic forces are weak.In the future, we hope to use the Quasi-geostrophic model in the context of satellite data assimilation
Hébert, Étienne. "Analyse géostatique quasi-3D des propriétés hydrauliques d'un noyau de barrage en remblai." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27656.
Full textThe hydraulic barrier performance of the compacted till core of embankment dams is highly dependent on compaction conditions during construction, which alongside with basic geotechnical properties, may significantly vary spatially. Recent studies showed that geostatistics can be used to represent the spatial variability of the geotechnical properties of dam materials, such as hydraulic conductivity, using georeferenced construction control data. These studies led to advances in the understanding of various issues related to the stratified nature of dams' structure and broadened perspectives for geostatistical analyses of large embankment dams. This research focuses on the improvement of the geostatistical approach used to model the hydraulic conductivity of an embankment dam's compacted till core. The studied site is the Sainte-Marguerite-3 (SM-3) dam, built on the Sainte-Marguerite river, northwest to the city of Sept-Îles in Québec. A mathematical approach using an aggregation rate was first developed as a way to obtain a more representative assessment of the dam's hydraulic conductivity. A quasi-3D spatial interpolation structure was used for the geostatistical analysis to estimate the hydraulic conductivity for every location in the core. A priority analysis of the multiple geotechnical parameters used to compute hydraulic conductivity was then performed. For this aspect of the project, geostatistics were used to individually analyze the spatial variability of the parameters measured during construction, which were then used to compute the hydraulic conductivity. Finally, in order to provide a solution to a specific problem observed in the SM-3 dam, a geostatistical analysis using multiple domains was performed. This approach was used to accurately model the important spatial variability of the geotechnical parameters, observed in some areas of the dam, caused by variations in the origins of the materials. Results showed that the quasi-3D spatial interpolation structure used for this project is an effective alternative to a 1D analysis used in past projects and that this type of interpolation structure respects the materials' spatial continuity. The results also showed that a multi-parametric approach using domains, motivated by the terrain's reality, offers a better estimation, especially when it comes to assessing the influence of compaction conditions.
Langlois, Hélène. "Kernels and quasi-kernels in digraphs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0045.
Full textAn important concept in directed graph theory is that of a kernel. This notion was introduced by Morgenstern and von Neumann for studying winning strategies in combinatorial games and now has numerous applications in various fields such as graph theory, game theory, economics, and logic.In a directed graph, D=(V,A), a kernel is a subset N of vertices that is both independent—no pair of vertices in N is connected by an arc—and absorbing—every vertex outside N is the origin of an arc pointing to an element in N. Not all graphs have a kernel, as demonstrated by the example of odd-length cycles. Deciding whether a graph has a kernel is NP-complete. However, there are graphs for which this decision problem is trivial: a directed perfect graph without directed cycles of length 3 always has a kernel. This is a consequence of a theorem by Boros and Gurvich, proved by them in 1996 (and conjectured by Berge and Duchet in 1980). However, the algorithmic complexity of finding a kernel is not known for this class, posing an important open question.The first part of this thesis focuses on studying this question. The polynomial result about some special cases had already been established, such as for triangulated graphs or bipartite graphs. We extend this list, including a generalization of comparability graphs.Chvátal and Lovász showed in 1974 that a slight modification of the kernel definition ensures its systematic existence: they proved that every directed graph has an independent subset N such that every vertex outside N has a path of length at most 2 to an element of N. Such a subset is a quasi-kernel. Their proof provides a polynomial-time algorithm to find one in any directed graph. However, a thorough algorithmic study of quasi-kernels had never been conducted before and constitutes an open question. This study answered natural questions, such as the existence of distinct quasi-kernels or the minimal size of a quasi-kernel, both motivated by a conjecture by Erdős and Székely from 1976.The second part of this thesis consists of the algorithmic study of quasi-kernels and specific cases related to the Erdős-Székely conjecture
Chen, Li. "Quasi transformées de Riesz, espaces de Hardy et estimations sous-gaussiennes du noyau de la chaleur." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001868.
Full textMartin, Jean-Philippe. "Alignements de protons et neutrons h/ et configurations à deux quasi-particules dans le noyau ¹²⁴Ba." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376159697.
Full textMartin, Jean-Philippe. "Alignements de protons et neutrons h11/2 et configurations à deux quasi-particules dans le noyau 124Ba." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10062.
Full textZghiche, Amina. "Étude de la diffusion quasi-élastique d'électrons sur un noyau lourd ²º⁸Pb : séparation transverse-longitudinale de la section efficace inclusive (e, e')." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112285.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of the deep inelastic scattering cross section study on ²º⁸Pb. The measurement of these cross sections has been performed from 140 MeV to 645 MeV incident energy for these five values of the scattering angle : 35, 60, 75, 90 and 143 degrees. The quasi-elastic region has been entirely recovered by this measurement. We have performed the separation of the measured cross section in one longitudinal and one transverse structure functions with the Rosenbluth Diagram method after performing radiative corrections and corrections from the coulomb distortion effects, between 300 and 650 MeV/c for the effective momentum transfer and up to 350 MeV for the energy transfer. The transverse response function shows a disagreement with the independent particle models predictions. The contribution of the exchange currents and the pion electroproduction processes have not been estimated for ²º⁸Pb, but will make an explanation for the observed disagreement. The estimation of these processes for lighter nuclei has shown an agreement with the experimental results. The longitudinal response function disagrees also with classical models predictions. The explanation of the longitudinal response reduction in terms of nucleon-nucleon correlations is not satisfying since the strength is only pushed towards higher values of the energy transfer, and the resulting coulomb sum rule (integration over the quasi-elastic peak) still overestimating the experimental values. The particle-hole correlations in the Random Phase Approximation framework, do not improve the disagreement with the experiment. While the modification of the nucleon properties in the nuclear medium would be one better explanation of the result of our experiment
EL, SAMAD OMAR. "Etude par spectroscopie gamma des etats nucleaires d'un noyau a deformation intermediaire, 229 th, et des noyaux quasi-spheriques 213 po (t#1#/#2=4,2 micro secondes) et 209 pb (t#1#/#2=3,25 heures)." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4703.
Full textCanet, Élisabeth. "Modèle dynamique et assimilation de données de la variation séculaire du champ magnétique terrestre." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10279.
Full textThe changes in the Earth's magnetic field on a wide range of time and space scales reflect the various time and space scales of core processes. I propose a simplified model of the rapid dynamics of the Earth's core, tailored to the study of the rapid variations of the geomagnetic field ranging from years to centuries, referred to as the geomagnetic secular variation. The quasi-geostrophic approximation used in the model relies on the prevalence of rotation forces over magnetic forces on short timescales. The axisymmetric component of the model corresponds to the formalism of Alfvén torsional waves. Within this framework, the magnetohydrodynamics takes place in the equatorial plane. At the core-mantle boundary, the equatorial flow interacts with the radial magnetic field through the radial component of the magnetic induction equation. This component of the model connects the dynamics with the observations. Variational data assimilation allows for the interpretation of the secular variation in terms of the underlying dynamics. It seeks to minimize an objective function by computing its sensitivity to its control variables through the integration of the adjoint model. I illustrate this inversion scheme with twin experiments, performed for a steady flow and in a torsional wave scenario. It enables the retrieval of core state variables which are not directly measured. By assimilating core flow models at the core surface, the inferred magnetic tension (the restoring force of torsional waves) yields a large magnetic field inside the core, at least on the order of 3-4 mT. Such fast torsional waves are consistent with a 6-year signal in the length-of-day variation timeseries
Desrumaux, Pierre-François. "Méthodes statistiques pour l’estimation du rendement paramétrique des circuits intégrés analogiques et RF." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20126/document.
Full textSemiconductor device fabrication is a complex process which is subject to various sources of variability. These variations can impact the functionality and performance of analog integrated circuits, which leads to yield loss, potential chip modifications, delayed time to market and reduced profit. Statistical circuit simulation methods enable to estimate the parametric yield of the circuit early in the design stage so that corrections can be done before manufacturing. However, traditional methods such as Monte Carlo method and corner simulation have limitations. Therefore an accurate analog yield estimate based on a small number of circuit simulations is needed. In this thesis, existing statistical methods from electronics and non-Electronics publications are first described. However, these methods suffer from sever drawbacks such as the need of initial time-Consuming circuit simulations, or a poor scaling with the number of random variables. Second, three novel statistical methods are proposed to accurately estimate the parametric yield of analog/RF integrated circuits based on a moderate number of circuit simulations: An automatically sorted quasi-Monte Carlo method, a kernel-Based control variates method and an importance sampling method. The three methods rely on a mathematical model of the circuit performance metric which is constructed based on a truncated first-Order Taylor expansion. This modeling technique is selected as it requires a minimal number of SPICE-Like circuit simulations. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed methods lead to significant speedup or improvement in accuracy compared to other existing methods
Gharbi, Zied. "Contribution à l’économétrie spatiale et l’analyse de données fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A012/document.
Full textThis thesis covers two important fields of research in inferential statistics, namely spatial econometrics and functional data analysis. More precisely, we have focused on the analysis of real spatial or spatio-functional data by extending certain inferential methods to take into account a possible spatial dependence. We first considered the estimation of a spatial autoregressive model (SAR) with a functional dependent variable and a real response variable using observations on a given geographical unit. This is a regression model with the specificity that each observation of the independent variable collected in a geographical location depends on observations of the same variable in neighboring locations. This relationship between neighbors is generally measured by a square matrix called the spatial weighting matrix, which measures the interaction effect between neighboring spatial units. This matrix is assumed to be exogenous, i.e. the metric used to construct it does not depend on the explanatory variable. The contribution of this thesis to this model lies in the fact that the explanatory variable is of a functional nature, with values in a space of infinite dimension. Our estimation methodology is based on a dimension reduction of the functional explanatory variable through functional principal component analysis followed by maximization of the truncated likelihood of the model. Asymptotic properties of the estimators, illustrations of the performance of the estimators via a Monte Carlo study and an application to real environmental data were considered. In the second contribution, we use the functional SAR model studied in the first part by considering an endogenous structure of the spatial weighting matrix. Instead of using a geographical criterion to calculate the dependencies between neighboring locations, we calculate them via an endogenous process, i.e. one that depends on explanatory variables. We apply the same two-step estimation approach described above and study the performance of the proposed estimator for finite or infinite-tending samples. In the third part of this thesis we focus on heteroskedasticity in partially linear models for real exogenous variables and binary response variable. We propose a spatial Probit model containing a non-parametric part. Spatial dependence is introduced at the level of errors (perturbations) of the model considered. The estimation of the parametric and non-parametric parts of the model is recursive and consists of first setting the parametric parameters and estimating the non-parametric part using the weighted likelihood method and then using the latter estimate to construct a likelihood profile to estimate the parametric part. The performance of the proposed method is investigated via a Monte-Carlo study. An empirical study on the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in Sweden using some spatial econometric tools finishes the document
Maffray, Frédéric. "Une étude structurelle des graphes parfaits : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10158.
Full textCanet, Elisabeth. "Modèle dynamique et assimilation de données de la variation séculaire du champ magnétique terrestre." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521437.
Full textReffay-Pikeroen, Dominique. "Séparation des fonctions de structure transverse et longitudinale par des mesures de coïncidence (e, e'p) sur le noyau de ⁴⁰ Ca." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112186.
Full textThe bound-nucleon current has been investigated in the region of the quasi-elastic peak, with (e,e'p) coincidence measurements where by the one nucleon knock-out process is selected. This study is refined by the measurement of the separate transverse and longitudinal structure functions. The (e,e'p) reaction has been performed on the ⁴⁰ Ca nucleus in a momentum transfer range from 330 to 825 MeV/c. We have chosen a range of proton momenta in the nucleus from 40 to 140 MeV and a missing energy range from 8 to 60 which corresponds to the shells 1d3/2 1d5/2 2s½ 1s½ 1p3/2 , 1p½ of ³⁹K as predicted by the shell model. The first aim of these measurements was to verify, on an exclusive process, the results of the inclusive measurements on this nucleus with transverse/ longitudinal separation, since the inclusive results are presently difficult to interpret. More generally, the aim of this kind of measurements is to test the validity of the traditional theoretical approach to the quasi-elastic scattering Schrëdinger equation, impulse approximation, choice of a prescription for the off shell effect on the nucleonic current keeping the free nucleon electromagnetic form factors. The answer to the first question is the observation of a quenching of the longitudinal/transverse ratio, consistent with the effect observed in the inclusive experiments. Regarding structure of the results about the factors the most general aspect of the study of the electromagnetic bound nucleus, this experiment has brought some entirely new momentum transfer dependence of its electric and magnetic form These results do not suggest any important deformation of the nucleon in the nucleus. We were able to derive an upper limit of 4% for a possible increase of the magnetic radius of the bound proton. Regarding the electric radius, the data still remain too inaccurate to draw final conclusions
Nguyen, Quoc-Hung. "THÉORIE NON LINÉAIRE DU POTENTIEL ET ÉQUATIONS QUASILINÉAIRES AVEC DONNÉES MESURES." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063365.
Full textAhmed, Mohamed Salem. "Contribution à la statistique spatiale et l'analyse de données fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30047/document.
Full textThis thesis is about statistical inference for spatial and/or functional data. Indeed, weare interested in estimation of unknown parameters of some models from random or nonrandom(stratified) samples composed of independent or spatially dependent variables.The specificity of the proposed methods lies in the fact that they take into considerationthe considered sample nature (stratified or spatial sample).We begin by studying data valued in a space of infinite dimension or so-called ”functionaldata”. First, we study a functional binary choice model explored in a case-controlor choice-based sample design context. The specificity of this study is that the proposedmethod takes into account the sampling scheme. We describe a conditional likelihoodfunction under the sampling distribution and a reduction of dimension strategy to definea feasible conditional maximum likelihood estimator of the model. Asymptotic propertiesof the proposed estimates as well as their application to simulated and real data are given.Secondly, we explore a functional linear autoregressive spatial model whose particularityis on the functional nature of the explanatory variable and the structure of the spatialdependence. The estimation procedure consists of reducing the infinite dimension of thefunctional variable and maximizing a quasi-likelihood function. We establish the consistencyand asymptotic normality of the estimator. The usefulness of the methodology isillustrated via simulations and an application to some real data.In the second part of the thesis, we address some estimation and prediction problemsof real random spatial variables. We start by generalizing the k-nearest neighbors method,namely k-NN, to predict a spatial process at non-observed locations using some covariates.The specificity of the proposed k-NN predictor lies in the fact that it is flexible and allowsa number of heterogeneity in the covariate. We establish the almost complete convergencewith rates of the spatial predictor whose performance is ensured by an application oversimulated and environmental data. In addition, we generalize the partially linear probitmodel of independent data to the spatial case. We use a linear process for disturbancesallowing various spatial dependencies and propose a semiparametric estimation approachbased on weighted likelihood and generalized method of moments methods. We establishthe consistency and asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators and investigate thefinite sample performance of the estimators on simulated data. We end by an applicationof spatial binary choice models to identify UADT (Upper aerodigestive tract) cancer riskfactors in the north region of France which displays the highest rates of such cancerincidence and mortality of the country