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Journal articles on the topic 'Quartz crystals Growth'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Barbee, Olivia, Craig Chesner, and Chad Deering. "Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization." American Mineralogist 105, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 194–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6947.

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Abstract Textural and chemical heterogeneities in igneous quartz crystals preserve unique records of silicic magma evolution, yet their origins and applications are controversial. To improve our understanding of quartz textures and their formation, we examine those in crystal-laden rhyolites produced by the 74 ka Toba supereruption (>2800 km3) and its post-caldera extrusions. Quartz crystals in these deposits can reach unusually large sizes (10–20 mm) and are rife with imperfections and disequilibrium features, including embayments, melt inclusions, titanomagnetite and apatite inclusions, spongy morphologies, hollow faces, subgrain boundaries, multiple growth centers, and Ti-enriched arborescent zoning. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses (petrography, CL, EBSD, X-ray CT, LA-ICPMS), we determine that those textures commonly thought to signify crystal resorption, crystal deformation, synneusis, or fluctuating P–T conditions are here a consequence of rapid disequilibrium crystal growth. Most importantly, we discover that an overarching process of disequilibrium crystallization is manifested among these crystal features. We propose a model whereby early skeletal to dendritic quartz growth creates a causal sequence of textures derived from lattice mistakes that then proliferate during subsequent stages of slower polyhedral growth. In a reversed sequence, the same structural instabilities and defects form when slow polyhedral growth transitions late to fast skeletal-dendritic growth. Such morphological transitions result in texture interdependencies that become recorded in the textural-chemical stratigraphy of quartz, which may be unique to each crystal. Similar findings in petrologic experimental studies allow us to trace the textural network back to strong degrees of undercooling and supersaturation in the host melt, conditions likely introduced by dynamic magmatic processes acting on short geologic timescales. Because the textural network can manifest in single crystals, the overall morphology and chemistry of erupted quartz can reflect not only its last but its earliest growth behavior in the melt. Thus, our findings imply that thermodynamic disequilibrium crystallization can account for primary textural and chemical heterogeneities preserved in igneous quartz and may impact the application of quartz as a petrologic tool.

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2

Nicolov, Mirela, Alina Heghes, Izabella Petre, and Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of SiO2 - a Proof of Hartman Perdok Method." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.4.6234.

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In the present paper is done a comparison between simulation of the growth form of quartz crystal using attachment energies and SEM and AFM analysis. This comparison is done to make a complete analysis of quartz crystal. This analysis from theory to experiment and to applications for a-SiO2 presents a complete study of how are the results from simulations of growth forms of quartz crystals and which are the proofs given by SEM and AFM analysis that the obtained crystals are like in the simulations.

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3

Maneta, V., and P. Voudouris. "QUARTZ MEGACRYSTS IN GREECE: MINERALOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11231.

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Quartz megacrysts in Greece are systematically sampled, described and classified with respect to their morphology, solid inclusion mineralogy, and geological conditions of formation. Quartz deposition took place due to reduction in silica solubility in the hydrothermal fluids in favourable geological environments such as: alpine-type fissures close to major detachment faults, skarns and quartz veins crosscutting and generally related to granitoids and, finally, epithermally altered volcanic rocks of Tertiary age. The varieties of coloured crystals (amethyst, smoky quartz, morion, green quartz, rock crystal), the twinning of the crystals, the mineralogy of solid phases included in quartz (rutile, chlorite, sericite, feldspars) as well as the types and forms of the crystals (Tessin habit, Muzo habit, faden quartz, sceptre, window quartz, interrupted crystals, double-terminated crystals, phantom quartz, gwindel quartz, etc.) give important information on the growth mechanisms and the physico-chemical conditions during quartz formation. The quartz crystals found in several localities are gemmy and their potential for use as gemstones should be evaluated.

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4

Qin, L. C. "HREM of electron-irradiated silicas." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100151349.

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Silica (SiO2) crystals exist in various polymorphs which have different densities and different crystal structures, such as quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite, though all of these have in common the network structure which is formed by corner-sharing of SiO4 tetranedra. All these structures are sensitive to electron irradiation. Amorphization occurs when they are irradiated by energetic electrons.In the present study three polymorphs of silica crystals, α-quartz, α-tridymite and α-cristobalite crystals2 were used as starting materials. Electron irradiation experiments were carried out in situ in the electron microscope. The structural changes of the specimens were monitored using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM).The amorphization of α-quartz crystals was found to progress through two morphologies: (a) nucleation and growth of amorphous nuclei with a sharp boundary with the crystalline matrix (figure 1); and (b) crystallinity lost gradually and more uniformly. Figure 2 shows a series of HREM images showing the amorphization of a tridymite crystal.

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5

Balascio, Joseph F., and Theodore Lind. "The growth of piezoelectric alpha quartz crystals." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 5 (October 1997): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80050-2.

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6

Walderhaug, Olav, and Kristin W. Porten. "How do grain coats prevent formation of quartz overgrowths?" Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 10 (October 26, 2022): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.049.

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Abstract Examination of grain coats of chlorite, illite, detrital clay, microquartz, and siderite in deeply buried sandstones from the Norwegian continental shelf by scanning electron microscopy shows that the quartz surfaces beneath the grain coats are covered by tiny quartz outgrowths bounded by planar crystal faces. These very small euhedral quartz outgrowths also occur in gaps in the coats where there is no physical barrier to impede their continued growth into adjacent macropores, but such outward growth and expansion into the intergranular pore space was observed only where the gaps in the coats are larger than around 5 μm. We suggest that the inability of euhedral quartz outgrowths smaller than a certain size to grow through grain coats and form large pore-filling quartz overgrowths is a consequence of the increased solubility of micron-sized crystals compared to larger crystals. Due to surface energy effects, the smallest crystals of a mineral are unable to grow at conditions that do not prevent growth of larger crystals of the same mineral. This is a general thermodynamic effect that becomes important for tiny crystals with a large surface-to-volume ratio and is expressed quantitatively by the Ostwald-Freundlich equation. The reason microscopic outgrowths can develop on the quartz grain surfaces in the first place is probably that the initial pre-euhedral growth stages are able to grow at slightly lower silica supersaturations than euhedral outgrowths. Continued growth at the low supersaturations prevalent in most sandstones may consequently depend upon the outgrowths reaching a euhedral shape after they are larger than a critical size. Outgrowths nucleated in gaps in the grain coats smaller than around 5 μm develop planar crystal faces before they have attained the critical size because there is not enough space for larger euhedral outgrowths to form in these smaller gaps. The outgrowths nucleated in the smallest openings are therefore unable to grow through the grain coats and reach the adjacent pore space despite free access to the adjacent macropores. Grain coats can therefore prevent quartz cementation without being continuous at the microscopic scale.

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7

Gentile, A. L., and D. F. Elwell. "Crystal Growth." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064150.

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Crystal growth is a vital and fundamental part of materials science and engineering, since crystals of suitable size and perfection are required for fundamental data acquisition and for practical devices such as integrated circuits.The word “crystal” comes from the Greek and means “congealed by cold.” The term was originally applied to ice crystals and to crystalline quartz found in such locations as the Alps and thought, at one time, to be some permanently frozen form of water. As a crystallization process, crystal growth extends throughout recorded history—the crystallization of salt from sea water may have preceded pottery-making as the oldest method for controlled phase transformation of materials.The crystallization of salts such as sodium carbonate was known to the Egyptians, and the process of purification by recrystallization from aqueous solution was described by Greek and Roman writers before the Christian era. The “father” of crystal growth, however, is generally considered to be the English scientist, Robert Boyle, who in 1672 described experiments relating the form of crystals to impurities and changes in growth rate. Boyle believed in the healing powers of crystals, part of the mysticism which has had a strong revival in recent times. We understand that crystals are particularly valued for enhancing the ability of the third eye to perceive auras, but are unable to offer warranted samples.Recognition as the “founder” of the theory of crystal growth is normally given to the American J. Willard Gibbs, who in 1878 published a seminal work on phase transformations, including a theory of the energy to generate a crystal nucleus and of the equilibrium form of crystals.

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8

Balitsky, V. S., D. V. Balitsky, D. Yu Pushcharovsky, L. V. Balitskaya, T. V. Setkova, and T. N. Dokina. "Epitaxial growth, morphology and temperature stability of quartzlike dioxide germanium crystals." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652485167-70.

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The conditions and mechanisms of epitaxial growth of quartz-like a-GeO2 crystals on quartz substrates using an evaporative-recirculation method are considered. Relatively homogenous a-GeO2 crystals weighing up to 200 g are grown at a growth rate of up to 0.3 mm/day. It is established that molecular adhesion at the boundary between the quartz substrate and the overgrown layer of a-GeO2 cannot prevent its transition to a stable poorly soluble rutile-like phase. This makes it impossible to grow high-germanium quartz single crystals industrially using a mixture of quartz and quartz-like a-GeO2 as a nutrient. However, this process can be implemented if other more soluble germanium-containing compounds, such as quartz-like Si-containing germanium-oxide, are found.

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9

Engel, G., H. Klapper, P. Krempl, and H. Mang. "Growth twinning in quartz-homeotypic gallium orthophosphate crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 94, no. 3 (March 1989): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(89)90081-x.

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10

Chorba, Onika, Mykhailo Filep, Artem Pogodin, Tetyana Malakhovska, and Marjan Sabov. "CRYSTALS GROWTH AND REFINEMENT OF THE Cu3SbSe3 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 9 (October 28, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.09.2022.25-33.

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The technology of thermoelectric converters, based on the Peltier and Seebeck effects, provides a reversible process of convert in thermal and electrical energy. This opens up prospects for the creation of both thermoelectric coolers and thermoelectric generators. The most widely studied class of thermoelectric materials are complex chalcogenides. In recent years, copper-containing chalcogenides have been actively researched as new highly effective and ecologically friendly thermoelectric materials. The Cu–Sb–Se ternary system are characterized by the existence of three phases CuSbSe2, Cu3SbSe3 and Cu3SbSe4. Among these compounds, the Cu3SbSe3 phase is characterized by the lowest thermal conductivity. The synthesis of the Cu3SbSe3 polycrystalline alloy was carried out using high purity elementally components. The synthesis was carried out in vacuumed quartz ampoules by a one-temperature, two-stage process. Taking into account the incongruent melting of Cu3SbSe3, the single crystal growth was carried out by the method of vertical zone crystallization from a solution-melt in vacuumed conical quartz ampoules. As a result, the grown single crystal was dark gray color with metallic luster, without defects with length ~ 40 mm and diameter 12 mm. Obtained single crystalline sample of Cu3SbSe3 was investigated by DTA method. The heating curve contains one endothermic effect at 530°С, which corresponds to the process of peritectic decomposition of Cu3SbSe3. The effect corresponding to the melting of all components in the quartz container is not fixed. However, it is clearly visible on the cooling curve at 712 °С. The exothermic effect of crystallization of Cu3SbSe3 (503 °С) is clear and sharp and is observed with supercooling ΔТ = 27 °С. To confirm the single crystallinity of grown Cu3SbSe3 sample, an XRD analysis of the natural surface was carried out. The diffraction pattern shows two clear and narrow diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (400) planes at angles of 22.27° and 45.42°, respectively. The crystal structure of the obtained Cu3SbSe3 single crystal was investigated by XRD analysis using the Rietveld full-profile refinement method. Established that Cu3SbSe3 crystallize in orthorhombic crystal system, SGPnma with lattice parameters: a = 7.9668 Å, b = 10.65870 Å, c = 6.8207 Å, Z = 4.

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11

Voznyak, D. K., L. M. Stepanyuk, T. I. Dovbush, and O. A. Vyshnevskyi. "AGE AND DURATION OF CRYSTALS GROWTH IN CHAMBERS OF VOLYN PEGMATITES (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)." Mineralogical Journal 44, no. 4 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.035.

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Formation of chamber pegmatites is associated with tectonomagmatic activation of the region of their distribution. It should be expected that the granitic chamber pegmatites of Volyn were formed by products of degassing of acidic magma. However, in the growth of quartz of the late generation, the beginning of crystallization of which was about 200ºC, CO2-fluids were involved. They are products of degassing of basic magma, which also took part in the growth of crystals at higher temperatures (˃573ºC). Crystallization of minerals in chambers was long: from 1.75±0.10 billion years (age of protogenetic inclusions of zircon and uraninite in topaz crystals) to 1.39 billion years (age of galena inclusions in late-generation quartz). So, for the first time, it was substantiated that the duration of crystal growth in the chambers of Volyn pegmatites was at least 360±100 million years. Therefore, it is assumed that the growth of crystals in chambers Volyn pegmatites lasted for quite a long time.

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12

Iliescu, Brandusa, I. Enculescu, F. Vasiliu, and M. Secu. "Growth of metal structures in quartz crystals by electrodiffusion." Journal of Crystal Growth 198-199 (March 1999): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(98)01039-2.

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13

Taki, Sadao. "Improvement of growth process and characterization of quartz crystals." Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 23 (January 1992): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8974(92)90026-m.

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14

Balitsky, D., V. Balitsky, P. Shvansky, A. Motchany, Yu Pisarevsky, Ph Papet, O. Cambon, and E. Philippot. "Hydrothermal growth of piezoelectric crystals homeotypes of α-quartz." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 58, s1 (August 6, 2002): c22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767302085963.

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15

Ihinger, Phillip D., and Stephen I. Zink. "Determination of relative growth rates of natural quartz crystals." Nature 404, no. 6780 (April 2000): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35009091.

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16

Takoo, R. K. "Mechanism of Various Growth Morphologies of Kutch Quartz Crystals." Crystal Research and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1986): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170210135.

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17

Nanev, N., and M. Wilkens. "Defects in quartz crystals initiated during their hydrothermal growth." Crystal Research and Technology 25, no. 5 (May 1990): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170250515.

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18

Lang, A. R., A. P. W. Makepeace, and M. Moore. "Lattice perfection and growth history of doubly-terminated natural alpha quartz crystals." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 390 (March 1994): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.390.09.

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AbstractSynchrotron X-ray topography was the principal perfection-assessment method employed. X-ray wavelengths were chosen that gave optimum penetration and diffraction contrast characteristics for the size of crystals examined. Two colourles transparent specimens were selected for comprehensive study. Both were of simple habit consisting of the prism {101̄0} terminated at each end by major and minor rhombohedral facets only. The larger specimen, volume ≈250 mm3, contained a moderately high but non-uniformly distributed dislocation population, totalling ≈103, all emanating from a roughly centrally located small nuclear volume. One apical region was dislocation-free. Optical microscopic observations including Nomarski interference contrast of features on one major rhombohedral facet in this region are described. The smaller specimen, volume ≈30 mm3, was remarkable for its low dislocation content, ≈20 in total, all radiating from a central point. Enhancement of dislocation image visibility relative to diffraction contrast images of severe surface damage on this crystal was demonstrated using higher-order X-ray reflections. Neither of the specimens studied in detail contained twinning or evident diffraction contrast from impurity zoning. Their lack of a microscopically visible or X-ray topographically detectable nucleating body favours a homogenous nucleation origin of these crystals.

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19

Enculescu, I. "Kinetics of silver structures growth by electrodiffusion in quartz crystals." Solid State Ionics 138, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2001): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(00)00794-3.

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20

Balitsky, D. V., V. S. Balitsky, Yu V. Pisarevsky, D. Yu Pushcharovsky, E. Philippot, and O. Yu Silverstova. "Growth and piezoelectric characterisation of GeO2single crystals with quartz structure." High Pressure Research 20, no. 1-6 (May 2001): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950108206166.

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21

Donaldson, C. H., and C. M. B. Henderson. "A new interpretation of round embayments in quartz crystals." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 364 (March 1988): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.364.02.

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AbstractThe surfaces of quartz crystals that were partially dissolved in superheated, H2O-saturated rhyolite melt are covered with hemispherical embayments; each embayment is judged to have formed where a gas bubble in the melt approached the crystal. ‘Flux-line attack’ and ‘upward-drilling’ of the refractory lining of glass tanks are analogous processes. As a bubble nears a dissolving solid it enters a compositional boundary layer in the melt, resulting in melt of variable surface tension surrounding the bubble. This unstable situation results in small-scale convection of the melt about the bubble (Marangoni convection) which can cause locally enhanced dissolution rate of the solid. It is suggested that this mechanism could cause round embayments to form in quartz phenocrysts in acid volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks. Criteria by which embayed phenocrysts formed by dissolution can be distinguished from those formed by unstable growth are reviewed briefly.

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22

Abreu, M. M., M. O. Figueiredo, J. C. Waerenborgh, and J. M. P. Cabral. "Oriented overgrowth of acicular maghemite crystals on quartz." Clay Minerals 23, no. 4 (December 1988): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1988.023.4.03.

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AbstractMaghemite with acicular morphology occurs as an oriented growth on fresh quartz surfaces in the magnetic sandy fraction of the B horizon of a Typic Rhodoxeralf from southern Portugal. The maghemite was characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), and on the basis of a structural similarity between quartz and maghemite, a mechanism has been proposed for the formation of the oriented overgrowth. Correlation with an interpretative chemical model is discussed, assuming active sites over quartz surfaces. Infrared absorption data agree with the proposed models.

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23

Klemm, A., K. Röller, and S. Hoernes. "Zonar Distribution of 18O in Synthetic Quartz Crystals." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-1106.

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Abstract The 18O-content in the mantle-zones of a commercial synthetic quartz was found to increase from the seed towards the surface by 7 ‰. Since the growth took place in a closed container, calculations for the evolution towards the steady state of the 18O-transport could be performed. In the steady state the concentrations of 18O and impurities in the growing quartz are uniform.

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24

Zhou, Danyi, Taijin Lu, Huiru Dai, Jieran Lv, Shouming Chen, Zhonghua Song, and Jian Zhang. "Study on the Microstructure and Spectra of Regrown Quartz Crystals from Chinese Jewelry Market." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091145.

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Regrown quartz crystals consist of the natural section and the synthetic section grown by hydrothermal technique, which has become popular on the Chinese jewelry market in recent years. Similar gemological properties to those of natural quartz have brought challenges to gem identification and also new questions to scientific research. In this study, microstructure and spectral characteristics of the two sections of regrown quartz crystals were investigated by three dimensional computed tomography system and infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the natural section has a higher porosity and there are also many micron- to millimeter-sized pores on the interface of the two sections. Different infrared absorption peaks of the two sections at the 3300–3600 cm−1 range were mainly attributed to the different existence state of OH groups. The distinction of microstructure and spectral characteristics between the natural and synthetic sections indicate their different growth condition. Compared with natural quartz, a relatively stable growth environment during the synthetic process leads to a lower porosity and the alkali growth solution could result in the change of the existence state of OH groups in the regrown quartz crystals.

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25

Oki, Osamu, Hiroshi Yamagishi, Yasuhiro Morisaki, Ryo Inoue, Kana Ogawa, Nanami Miki, Yasuo Norikane, Hiroyasu Sato, and Yohei Yamamoto. "Synchronous assembly of chiral skeletal single-crystalline microvessels." Science 377, no. 6606 (August 5, 2022): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm9596.

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Skeletal or concave polyhedral crystals appear in a variety of synthetic processes and natural environments. However, their morphology, size, and orientation are difficult to control because of their highly kinetic growth character. We report a methodology to achieve synchronous, uniaxial, and stepwise growth of micrometer-scale skeletal single crystals from planar-chiral double-decker molecules. Upon drop-casting of a heated ethanol solution onto a quartz substrate, the molecules spontaneously assemble into standing vessel-shaped single crystals uniaxially and synchronously over the wide area of the substrate, with small size polydispersity. The crystal edge is active even after consumption of the molecules and resumes stereoselective growth with successive feeding. The resultant morphology can be packed into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–like microarchitectures and behaves as a microscopic container.

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26

Belan, V., M. Danchevskaia, A. Izotov, Irina Kozerozhets, Georgii Panasiuk, and Evgeniy Semenov. "Increasing the Crystallization Rate during the Growth of Quartz Single Crystals." Доклады академии наук 481, no. 1 (July 2018): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956520000049-6.

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27

Balitsky, D. V., V. S. Balitsky, D. Yu Pushcharovsky, G. V. Bondarenko, and A. V. Kosenko. "Growth and characterization of GeO2 single crystals with the quartz structure." Journal of Crystal Growth 180, no. 2 (September 1997): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(97)00224-8.

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28

BUISSON, X., and R. ARNAUD. "Hydrothermal growth of quartz crystals in industry. Present status and evolution." Le Journal de Physique IV 04, no. C2 (February 1994): C2–25—C2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1994204.

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29

Enculescu, I., B. Iliescu, M. Enculescu, and I. Covalcica. "A Model for Structures Growth by Sodium Electrodiffusion in Quartz Crystals." Crystal Research and Technology 37, no. 8 (August 2002): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4079(200208)37:8<868::aid-crat868>3.0.co;2-j.

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30

Bernhardt, Hj, and B. Woitzik. "The electrolytical coloration of synthetic quartz crystals with induced growth striations." Crystal Research and Technology 20, no. 6 (June 1985): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170200604.

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31

Alter, U., and J. Härtwig. "X-ray topographic study of quartz crystals with induced growth striations." Crystal Research and Technology 20, no. 9 (September 1985): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170200907.

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32

Fan, Long, Shifu Zhu, Beijun Zhao, Baojun Chen, Zhiyu He, Hui Yang, Guangyao Liu, and Xiaoyuan Wang. "Growth of CdSiP2 single crystals by double-walled quartz ampoule technique." Journal of Crystal Growth 364 (February 2013): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.11.057.

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33

Hosaka, Masahiro, Takéshi Miyata, and Ichiro Sunagawa. "Growth and morphology of quartz crystals synthesized above the transition temperature." Journal of Crystal Growth 152, no. 4 (July 1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00139-5.

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34

Götze, Jens, Harry Berek, and Klaus Schäfer. "Micro-structural phenomena in agate/chalcedony: spiral growth." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 02 (October 3, 2018): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.156.

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AbstractAgates with spectacular micro-structural features were found in volcanic rocks at several occurrences in the Saar-Nahe region (Germany). These agates include spirals of several tens up to several hundreds of μm in size within zones lacking the characteristic structural agate banding. A combined mineralogical study by polarising microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction provided evidence that the spirals consist of well-ordered trigonal α-quartz, whereas the surrounding matrix is composed of strongly disordered or amorphous SiO2 phases. The quartz micro-crystals show a systematic rotation of the crystal orientation perpendicular to the direction of the spiral loops indicating helical growth.It is assumed that the spiral growth is initiated by dislocations with a screw component. The lacking symmetry of the strongly disordered or amorphous matrix initiated a curved development by a screw dislocation in a system far from equilibrium. The atoms/molecules are packed into spiral layers, which is energetically favoured in comparison with the incorporation into plane crystal faces. Such self-organisation growth and polymerisation initiated by a screw dislocation can produce variable spiral morphologies sometimes resembling living forms.

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35

Cai, Yanhuan, Changcheng Mi, and Xinming Huang. "The Artificial Mixed Fused Quartz Particles and Silicon Particles-Assisted High-Performance Multicrystalline Silicon." Crystals 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060286.

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Mixed seeds of fused quartz particles and silicon particles were laid at the bottom of the crucible to assist the growth of multicrystalline silicon crystals. The full melting process was used, and then we found that the grown crystals had higher quality. The effect of mixed seeds on the growth of multicrystalline silicon was studied. The results showed that fine and uniform initial grains could be obtained by mixed seeds assisting the growth of crystals. Increasing the number of grain boundaries can better release thermal stress and inhibit the proliferation and diffusion of dislocations. The defect density of multicrystalline silicon decreased and the minority carrier lifetime increased, thus improving the conversion efficiency of multicrystalline silicon cells.

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36

Balitsky, V. S., D. V. Balitsky, D. Yu Pushcharovsky, L. V. Balitskaya, T. V. Setkova, and T. N. Dokina. "Epitaxial Growth, Morphology, and Temperature Stability of Quartz-Like Germanium Dioxide Crystals." Doklady Earth Sciences 485, no. 1 (March 2019): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x19030036.

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37

Balitsky, V. S., I. B. Makhina, E. A. Marina, G. R. Rossman, T. Lu, and J. E. Shigley. "Growth and characteristics of some new varieties of coloured quartz single crystals." High Pressure Research 20, no. 1-6 (May 2001): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957950108206169.

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38

Bernhardt, H. J. "The reversion of smoky quartz coloration in crystals with induced growth striations." Crystal Research and Technology 20, no. 3 (March 1985): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170200313.

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39

Kawasaki, Masayuki. "Growth-induced inhomogeneities in synthetic quartz crystals revealed by the cathodoluminescence method." Journal of Crystal Growth 247, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(02)01937-1.

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40

Kirov, G. K. "Initial Growth Stages of Man-made Quartz Crystals and Growth Mechanism of their (0001) Face." Crystal Research and Technology 27, no. 3 (1992): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170270309.

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41

Mustafakulov, A. A., O. N. Olimov, A. G. Parsokhonov, A. A. Akhmedov, and O. U. Nurullaev. "Study of the luminescence of SiO₂ crystals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 8 (December 1, 2022): 082025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/8/082025.

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Abstract The work represents the results of research into the issues of radiation materials science. The foundation of modern science and technology is the production of materials with predictable properties. In this regard, much attention is paid to issues related to the synthesis and growth of crystalline substances. The luminescent properties of quartz crystals grown on neutron-irradiated seeds were studied by the methods of gamma luminescence, thermo luminescence and thermal de-excitation. It has been established that in neutron-irradiated seeds and quartz crystals grown on them, there are defect centers belonging to the β-phase of quartz. The dependences of the concentration of these centers and β - phase on the neutron fluency correlate well with each other. A direct proof of the mechanism of the α - β-transition in quartz under neutron irradiation has been obtained.

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42

Yamamoto, Yoshitsugu, Tomohiro Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Nasu, Tadanori Hashimoto, and Kanichi Kamiya. "Second harmonic generation from CsLiB6O10-containing glass-ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 3110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0450.

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Glass-ceramics containing ferroelectric CsLiB6O10 crystals were prepared by heat treating Cs2O–Li2O–B2O3 glasses. Second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed from samples prepared by two-step heat treatment (nucleation and growth); however, the intensity was rather weak. On the other hand, one-step heat treatment by the addition of a small amount of TiO2 to the glass resulted in the glass-ceramics containing small single crystal-like CsLiB6O10 particles. The strongest SHG observed was comparable with that of Y-cut quartz. The preferred orientation of precipitated CsLiB6O10 crystals was attributed to the occurrence of SHG from the glass-ceramics.

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43

Quang, Nguyen V., I. Shih, and C. H. Champness. "Czochralski growth of Te–rich SexTe1−x crystals." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-122.

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Single crystals of tellurium-rich SexTe1−x alloys have been grown by the Czochralski method for x < 0.16. A double-crucible was used to contain the melt, which eliminated scum on the liquid surface, enabling crystals to be grown with higher selenium concentrations than previously obtained. The inner graphite vessel of the crucible not only drew scum-free liquid from the quartz outer container, but also acted as a susceptor for the radio-frequency (r.f.) heating, producing more stable convection in the melt. With this method, single crystals of good quality, as indicated by Laue patterns, were obtained from melts containing up to 30 at.% selenium. The concentrations of selenium in the crystals, as determined by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA), were about half those in the corresponding melts, in agreement with the Te-rich end of the phase diagram. It was also found that single crystals of Te-rich SexTe1−x could be grown equally well in pulling directions both parallel and perpendicular to the c axis.

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Alter, U., B. Cuamba, and J. Härtwig. "Contrast formation in plane wave topographs of quartz crystals with induced growth striations." Crystal Research and Technology 22, no. 2 (February 1987): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170220214.

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45

Hosaka, Masahiro, and Sadao Taki. "Hydrothermal growth of quartz crystals at low fillings in NaCl and KCl solutions." Journal of Crystal Growth 78, no. 2 (November 1986): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90078-3.

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46

Balitsky, V. S., D. V. Balitsky, A. N. Nekrasov, and L. V. Balitskaya. "Growth and characterization of SixGe1−xO solid solution single crystals with quartz structure." Journal of Crystal Growth 275, no. 1-2 (February 2005): e807-e811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.118.

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47

Donaldson, Colin H. "The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt." Mineralogical Magazine 49, no. 354 (December 1985): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.07.

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AbstractThe dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates that the dissolution rates are dictated by a combination of diffusion and convection of components to and from the crystal-liquid interface. Values for the activation enthalpy of dissolution are small for quartz and plagioclase (40–50 kcal mol−1) but large for olivine 73–118 kcal mol−1). Dissolution of plagioclase in rock melts seems to be a much more rapid process than crystal growth, whereas olivines apparently dissolve and grow at similar rates. Crystal dissolution is sufficiently slow that ascending, crystal-bearing magma may become superheated and yet fail to dissolve the crystal fraction before quenching; this may be the reason that olivine phenocrysts are often rounded.

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48

Tsuruoka, Subaru, Thomas Monecke, and T. James Reynolds. "Evolution of the Magmatic-Hydrothermal System at the Santa Rita Porphyry Cu Deposit, New Mexico, USA: Importance of Intermediate-Density Fluids in Ore Formation." Economic Geology 116, no. 6 (September 1, 2021): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4831.

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Abstract The Santa Rita porphyry Cu deposit in New Mexico, USA, is characterized by a stockwork of three vein types that differ in morphology, mineralogy, and associated alteration assemblages. Early quartz veins associated with potassic alteration are composed of recrystallized granular quartz grains that host ubiquitous hypersaline liquid and vapor-rich fluid inclusions. The early quartz likely formed at high (≳500°C) temperatures and lithostatic pressures. Hypogene Cu mineralization at Santa Rita is in sulfide veins that reopened or crosscut the early quartz veins. The sulfide veins are surrounded by alteration halos containing chlorite and K-feldspar. Rare quartz crystals are present in some of these chalcopyrite and pyrite veins. The cores of the quartz crystals contain hypersaline liquid and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, whereas the rims mostly contain hypersaline liquid inclusions. The quartz crystals are interpreted to have formed close to the ductile-brittle transition as a result of the pressure drop from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions. Formation of the quartz crystals was postdated by the deposition of Cu sulfides. Grain boundaries between the quartz and the sulfide minerals are irregular in shape, with sulfide crosscutting growth zones in the quartz. The Cu sulfides are interpreted to have formed from intermediate-density fluids that form secondary fluid inclusion assemblages in all earlier-formed quartz types. Microthermometric investigations showed that these fluid inclusion assemblages homogenize at ~385° to 435°C by critical or near-critical behavior and have salinities of <10 wt % NaCl equiv. The precipitation of Cu sulfides occurred as a result of cooling of these fluids following their escape from the lithostatic into the hydrostatic realm. Retrograde quartz solubility caused the corrosion of earlier-formed quartz during Cu sulfide deposition. The youngest veins at Santa Rita are composed of quartz and pyrite. These veins are associated with intense sericite alteration that overprinted all earlier alteration assemblages. The late quartz hosts primary and secondary liquid-rich fluid inclusions, but no intermediate-density fluid inclusions were identified. This quartz vein type formed at temperatures <360°C and hydrostatic pressures. The paragenetic relationships show that hypogene Cu mineralization at Santa Rita postdated potassic alteration of the host rocks. The Cu mineralization was formed by cooling intermediate-density fluids with critical or near-critical densities as they escaped from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions.

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Piskunova, N. N., and A. A. Kryazhev. "Nano- and micromorphological evidences of the colloidal structure of ring silicate crystal inclusions." Vestnik of Geosciences 8 (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2021.8.2.

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The substance released naturally during mechanical opening of growth inclusions of aquamarine, beryl and tourmaline crystals (Transbaikalia, Russia) has been studied by scanning atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy (SEM). The liquid part of the substance of the inclusions is a sufficiently concentrated colloidal sol-gel-silicate system. The diffused silicate colloid forms a film, poorly removable from the chip surface, which is reliably detected by AFM and transformed under prolonged exposure to an electron beam into a foam-glass. The latter fact can be used to create sub-micron textures that are stable under normal conditions by electron-beam lithography. The study of quartz and phenacite (Ural, Russia) did not reveal such films. In contrast to aquamarine, the inner walls of cavities of quartz and phenacite inclusions, according to AFM data, are covered with growth hills, grown by the dislocation mechanism. This indicates a relatively low degree of polymerization of the silicate component in the initial hydrothermal mother liquor for quartz and phenacite compared to the degree of polymerization in the mineral-forming media of ring silicate crystals.

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JOHNSON, IRUDAYARAJ, B. KANICKAI RAJ, V. SIVAGAMI, and NAGA PONDY SELVI. "INDUCED NANOCRYSTALLIZATION OF DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE." International Journal of Nanoscience 12, no. 03 (June 2013): 1350022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x13500221.

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Modern ultrasound induction is very much useful in crystallization process. It uses piezoelectric transducers or quartz crystals to convert mechanical waves to electrical signals and vice versa. Growth of a crystal is environment dependent. The characteristics of grown crystals depend on impurities, temperature, preparation of the solution and mechanical agitation. The properties and size of a crystal can be tailored by controlling any one or all the above factors. The most interesting fact is that the ultrasound influences the properties and size of a crystal. It is found that the characteristics are improved and tailored for a specific need of the industry when a crystal is grown by radiating ultrasonic wave. In some cases, it produces nanocrystals. We used a device which generates the Ultrasonic wave of 15 MHz, which is applied to the crystal right from the time before nucleation till the crystal formation. The Dextrose monohydrate crystals are grown by conventional slow cool batch method. In the same slow cool batch method, Ultrasonic waves of 15 MHz are allowed to pass, influence the nucleation, crystal formation and growing process. The crystal formation process under the exposure of Ultrasound is allowed to continue for a sufficiently long time to yield the desired nanocrystals. The FTIR, UV, microhardness and SEM analysis are taken for the crystals with and without ultrasound.

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