Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quartz crystals Growth

Academic literature on the topic 'Quartz crystals Growth'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Quartz crystals Growth"

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Barbee, Olivia, Craig Chesner, and Chad Deering. "Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization." American Mineralogist 105, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 194–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6947.

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Abstract Textural and chemical heterogeneities in igneous quartz crystals preserve unique records of silicic magma evolution, yet their origins and applications are controversial. To improve our understanding of quartz textures and their formation, we examine those in crystal-laden rhyolites produced by the 74 ka Toba supereruption (>2800 km3) and its post-caldera extrusions. Quartz crystals in these deposits can reach unusually large sizes (10–20 mm) and are rife with imperfections and disequilibrium features, including embayments, melt inclusions, titanomagnetite and apatite inclusions, spongy morphologies, hollow faces, subgrain boundaries, multiple growth centers, and Ti-enriched arborescent zoning. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses (petrography, CL, EBSD, X-ray CT, LA-ICPMS), we determine that those textures commonly thought to signify crystal resorption, crystal deformation, synneusis, or fluctuating P–T conditions are here a consequence of rapid disequilibrium crystal growth. Most importantly, we discover that an overarching process of disequilibrium crystallization is manifested among these crystal features. We propose a model whereby early skeletal to dendritic quartz growth creates a causal sequence of textures derived from lattice mistakes that then proliferate during subsequent stages of slower polyhedral growth. In a reversed sequence, the same structural instabilities and defects form when slow polyhedral growth transitions late to fast skeletal-dendritic growth. Such morphological transitions result in texture interdependencies that become recorded in the textural-chemical stratigraphy of quartz, which may be unique to each crystal. Similar findings in petrologic experimental studies allow us to trace the textural network back to strong degrees of undercooling and supersaturation in the host melt, conditions likely introduced by dynamic magmatic processes acting on short geologic timescales. Because the textural network can manifest in single crystals, the overall morphology and chemistry of erupted quartz can reflect not only its last but its earliest growth behavior in the melt. Thus, our findings imply that thermodynamic disequilibrium crystallization can account for primary textural and chemical heterogeneities preserved in igneous quartz and may impact the application of quartz as a petrologic tool.
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Nicolov, Mirela, Alina Heghes, Izabella Petre, and Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of SiO2 - a Proof of Hartman Perdok Method." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.4.6234.

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In the present paper is done a comparison between simulation of the growth form of quartz crystal using attachment energies and SEM and AFM analysis. This comparison is done to make a complete analysis of quartz crystal. This analysis from theory to experiment and to applications for a-SiO2 presents a complete study of how are the results from simulations of growth forms of quartz crystals and which are the proofs given by SEM and AFM analysis that the obtained crystals are like in the simulations.
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Maneta, V., and P. Voudouris. "QUARTZ MEGACRYSTS IN GREECE: MINERALOGY AND ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11231.

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Quartz megacrysts in Greece are systematically sampled, described and classified with respect to their morphology, solid inclusion mineralogy, and geological conditions of formation. Quartz deposition took place due to reduction in silica solubility in the hydrothermal fluids in favourable geological environments such as: alpine-type fissures close to major detachment faults, skarns and quartz veins crosscutting and generally related to granitoids and, finally, epithermally altered volcanic rocks of Tertiary age. The varieties of coloured crystals (amethyst, smoky quartz, morion, green quartz, rock crystal), the twinning of the crystals, the mineralogy of solid phases included in quartz (rutile, chlorite, sericite, feldspars) as well as the types and forms of the crystals (Tessin habit, Muzo habit, faden quartz, sceptre, window quartz, interrupted crystals, double-terminated crystals, phantom quartz, gwindel quartz, etc.) give important information on the growth mechanisms and the physico-chemical conditions during quartz formation. The quartz crystals found in several localities are gemmy and their potential for use as gemstones should be evaluated.
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Qin, L. C. "HREM of electron-irradiated silicas." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100151349.

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Silica (SiO2) crystals exist in various polymorphs which have different densities and different crystal structures, such as quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite, though all of these have in common the network structure which is formed by corner-sharing of SiO4 tetranedra. All these structures are sensitive to electron irradiation. Amorphization occurs when they are irradiated by energetic electrons.In the present study three polymorphs of silica crystals, α-quartz, α-tridymite and α-cristobalite crystals2 were used as starting materials. Electron irradiation experiments were carried out in situ in the electron microscope. The structural changes of the specimens were monitored using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM).The amorphization of α-quartz crystals was found to progress through two morphologies: (a) nucleation and growth of amorphous nuclei with a sharp boundary with the crystalline matrix (figure 1); and (b) crystallinity lost gradually and more uniformly. Figure 2 shows a series of HREM images showing the amorphization of a tridymite crystal.
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Balascio, Joseph F., and Theodore Lind. "The growth of piezoelectric alpha quartz crystals." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 5 (October 1997): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80050-2.

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Walderhaug, Olav, and Kristin W. Porten. "How do grain coats prevent formation of quartz overgrowths?" Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 10 (October 26, 2022): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.049.

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Abstract Examination of grain coats of chlorite, illite, detrital clay, microquartz, and siderite in deeply buried sandstones from the Norwegian continental shelf by scanning electron microscopy shows that the quartz surfaces beneath the grain coats are covered by tiny quartz outgrowths bounded by planar crystal faces. These very small euhedral quartz outgrowths also occur in gaps in the coats where there is no physical barrier to impede their continued growth into adjacent macropores, but such outward growth and expansion into the intergranular pore space was observed only where the gaps in the coats are larger than around 5 μm. We suggest that the inability of euhedral quartz outgrowths smaller than a certain size to grow through grain coats and form large pore-filling quartz overgrowths is a consequence of the increased solubility of micron-sized crystals compared to larger crystals. Due to surface energy effects, the smallest crystals of a mineral are unable to grow at conditions that do not prevent growth of larger crystals of the same mineral. This is a general thermodynamic effect that becomes important for tiny crystals with a large surface-to-volume ratio and is expressed quantitatively by the Ostwald-Freundlich equation. The reason microscopic outgrowths can develop on the quartz grain surfaces in the first place is probably that the initial pre-euhedral growth stages are able to grow at slightly lower silica supersaturations than euhedral outgrowths. Continued growth at the low supersaturations prevalent in most sandstones may consequently depend upon the outgrowths reaching a euhedral shape after they are larger than a critical size. Outgrowths nucleated in gaps in the grain coats smaller than around 5 μm develop planar crystal faces before they have attained the critical size because there is not enough space for larger euhedral outgrowths to form in these smaller gaps. The outgrowths nucleated in the smallest openings are therefore unable to grow through the grain coats and reach the adjacent pore space despite free access to the adjacent macropores. Grain coats can therefore prevent quartz cementation without being continuous at the microscopic scale.
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Gentile, A. L., and D. F. Elwell. "Crystal Growth." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064150.

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Crystal growth is a vital and fundamental part of materials science and engineering, since crystals of suitable size and perfection are required for fundamental data acquisition and for practical devices such as integrated circuits.The word “crystal” comes from the Greek and means “congealed by cold.” The term was originally applied to ice crystals and to crystalline quartz found in such locations as the Alps and thought, at one time, to be some permanently frozen form of water. As a crystallization process, crystal growth extends throughout recorded history—the crystallization of salt from sea water may have preceded pottery-making as the oldest method for controlled phase transformation of materials.The crystallization of salts such as sodium carbonate was known to the Egyptians, and the process of purification by recrystallization from aqueous solution was described by Greek and Roman writers before the Christian era. The “father” of crystal growth, however, is generally considered to be the English scientist, Robert Boyle, who in 1672 described experiments relating the form of crystals to impurities and changes in growth rate. Boyle believed in the healing powers of crystals, part of the mysticism which has had a strong revival in recent times. We understand that crystals are particularly valued for enhancing the ability of the third eye to perceive auras, but are unable to offer warranted samples.Recognition as the “founder” of the theory of crystal growth is normally given to the American J. Willard Gibbs, who in 1878 published a seminal work on phase transformations, including a theory of the energy to generate a crystal nucleus and of the equilibrium form of crystals.
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Balitsky, V. S., D. V. Balitsky, D. Yu Pushcharovsky, L. V. Balitskaya, T. V. Setkova, and T. N. Dokina. "Epitaxial growth, morphology and temperature stability of quartzlike dioxide germanium crystals." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652485167-70.

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The conditions and mechanisms of epitaxial growth of quartz-like a-GeO2 crystals on quartz substrates using an evaporative-recirculation method are considered. Relatively homogenous a-GeO2 crystals weighing up to 200 g are grown at a growth rate of up to 0.3 mm/day. It is established that molecular adhesion at the boundary between the quartz substrate and the overgrown layer of a-GeO2 cannot prevent its transition to a stable poorly soluble rutile-like phase. This makes it impossible to grow high-germanium quartz single crystals industrially using a mixture of quartz and quartz-like a-GeO2 as a nutrient. However, this process can be implemented if other more soluble germanium-containing compounds, such as quartz-like Si-containing germanium-oxide, are found.
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Engel, G., H. Klapper, P. Krempl, and H. Mang. "Growth twinning in quartz-homeotypic gallium orthophosphate crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 94, no. 3 (March 1989): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(89)90081-x.

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Chorba, Onika, Mykhailo Filep, Artem Pogodin, Tetyana Malakhovska, and Marjan Sabov. "CRYSTALS GROWTH AND REFINEMENT OF THE Cu3SbSe3 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 9 (October 28, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.09.2022.25-33.

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The technology of thermoelectric converters, based on the Peltier and Seebeck effects, provides a reversible process of convert in thermal and electrical energy. This opens up prospects for the creation of both thermoelectric coolers and thermoelectric generators. The most widely studied class of thermoelectric materials are complex chalcogenides. In recent years, copper-containing chalcogenides have been actively researched as new highly effective and ecologically friendly thermoelectric materials. The Cu–Sb–Se ternary system are characterized by the existence of three phases CuSbSe2, Cu3SbSe3 and Cu3SbSe4. Among these compounds, the Cu3SbSe3 phase is characterized by the lowest thermal conductivity. The synthesis of the Cu3SbSe3 polycrystalline alloy was carried out using high purity elementally components. The synthesis was carried out in vacuumed quartz ampoules by a one-temperature, two-stage process. Taking into account the incongruent melting of Cu3SbSe3, the single crystal growth was carried out by the method of vertical zone crystallization from a solution-melt in vacuumed conical quartz ampoules. As a result, the grown single crystal was dark gray color with metallic luster, without defects with length ~ 40 mm and diameter 12 mm. Obtained single crystalline sample of Cu3SbSe3 was investigated by DTA method. The heating curve contains one endothermic effect at 530°С, which corresponds to the process of peritectic decomposition of Cu3SbSe3. The effect corresponding to the melting of all components in the quartz container is not fixed. However, it is clearly visible on the cooling curve at 712 °С. The exothermic effect of crystallization of Cu3SbSe3 (503 °С) is clear and sharp and is observed with supercooling ΔТ = 27 °С. To confirm the single crystallinity of grown Cu3SbSe3 sample, an XRD analysis of the natural surface was carried out. The diffraction pattern shows two clear and narrow diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (400) planes at angles of 22.27° and 45.42°, respectively. The crystal structure of the obtained Cu3SbSe3 single crystal was investigated by XRD analysis using the Rietveld full-profile refinement method. Established that Cu3SbSe3 crystallize in orthorhombic crystal system, SGPnma with lattice parameters: a = 7.9668 Å, b = 10.65870 Å, c = 6.8207 Å, Z = 4.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quartz crystals Growth"

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Minato, Junichi. "Growth history of quartz crystals twinned after Japan law." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150001.

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Clavier, Damien. "Croissance hydrothermale de monocristaux isotypes du quartz-alpha, étude des propriétés physiques et recherche de nouvelles solutions solides avec des oxydes du bloc p (Ge, Sn) et du bloc d (Mn, V, Ti)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS005/document.

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Dans le domaine des cristaux piézoélectriques, le quartz est l'un des plus employés dans l'industrie électroniques pour des applications comme oscillateurs ou dans le domaine temps-fréquence. Le quartz-alpha SiO2 montre une décroissance de ses propriétés au-delà de 250°C, une transition de phase alpha-beta à 573°C et un faible coefficient de couplage électromécanique k autour de 8%. Bien que ses propriétés d'optique non-linéaire soient bien connues, son faible coefficient chi2 ne lui permet pas d'être utilisé dans des dispositifs doubleurs de fréquence. L'objectif de cette étude est d'augmenter la distorsion structurale et la polarisabilité de ce matériau en substituant une partie des atomes de silicium par des atomes plus volumineux tels que le germanium ou d'autres éléments. Afin de faire croitre des cristaux de taille centimétrique, la technique hydrothermale a été employée dans des autoclaves hautes pressions. Des cristaux de quartz-alpha de type Si(1-x)GexO2 ont été réalisés sur des germes de quartz-alpha SiO2 (001). Des cristaux volumineux avec différentes teneurs en germanium ont été obtenus puis analysés par spectroscopie infrarouge et par EPMA. Les propriétés piézoélectriques et d'optique non-linéaire ont été mesurées sur ces cristaux montrant une augmentation des propriétés physiques. Puis des croissances cristallines avec des atomes plus volumineux que le germanium ont été réalisées afin d'en augmenter davantage les propriétés physiques. Des substitutions par les éléments suivants ont été entreprises : Mn, V, Ti, et Sn
In the field of piezoelectric crystals, quartz is one of the widely used materials in industry for electronic device application as oscillators for the time-frequency domain. alpha-Quartz SiO2 shows a decrease of its piezoelectric properties above 250°C, an alpha-quartz to beta-quartz phase transition at 573°C and a low electromechanical coupling factor of about 8%. Although its nonlinear optics properties are well known, its low chi2 coefficient prevent it to be used in frequency doubling devices. The goal of this study is to increase the structural distortion and the polarizability of this material by substituting part of the silicon atoms with larger atoms such as germanium or other elements. In order to grow centimeter-size single crystals we use hydrothermal methods in high-pressure autoclaves. Crystal growth of mixed alpha-quartz Si(1-x)GexO2 crystals was successfully performed on pure alpha-quartz SiO2 (001) seeds. Large crystals with different germanium content were obtained and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and EPMA. Piezoelectric and nonlinear optical properties were measured on these crystals, which exhibit a improved physical properties. Then crystal growths with larger elements than germanium were performed in order to further improve their physical properties. Substitution by the following elements: Mn, V, Ti and Sn were investigated
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ENOKIHARA, CYRO T. "Estudo do quartzo verde de origem hidrotermal tratado com radiação gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10600.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ozkan, Berrin. "Growth Of Gold Films On Quartz Surfaces For Quartz Crystal Microbalance Application." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612198/index.pdf.

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In this study, we have investigated the effect of substrate temperature, use of adhesive layer, deposition rate, annealing and substrate prebaking on the morphology of gold films deposited onto quartz surfaces. For the film growth, physical vapor deposition methods namely electron beam and thermal depositions have been used. Surface morphology of the films have been characterized with atomic force microscopy. Our aim was to confirm the general trends observed for these parameters in our evaporator system for a limited working range in order to produce gold films which are suitable to be used simultaneously for quartz crystal microbalance and helium atom diffraction measurements. At the end of this study, we confirmed the general trends regarding the effect of these parameters stated in literature except annealing process. We obtained a minimum 170 nm2 atomically flat surface with a roughness value smaller than 0.200 nm by thermal deposition method.
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Rutkowska, Agnieszka. "Growth and electrochemical characterisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes on single crystal quartz." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3923/.

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Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have unique structural and electronic properties which drive their use in many different fields of modern technology. In electrochemistry, SWNTs have been shown to have outstanding electrochemical characteristic enabling their application in trace level electroanalysis amongst other areas. The SWNT electrochemical activity has been described as originating solely from sidewall structural defects, oxidised open ends and post-growth metal nanoparticles (NPs). However, recent studies have demonstrated the electrochemical activity of pristine and defect-free SWNTs, grown on insulating substrates using catalysed chemical vapour deposition (cCVD) method, suggesting sidewalls support electron transfer (ET). In this thesis cCVD is employed to grow SWNTs of different geometrical arrangements on single crystal stable temperature (ST)-cut quartz substrates for the development of novel nanoelectrodes (NEs) and optically transparent electrodes (OTE). Majority of the work concentrates on cCVD and electrochemical studies of horizontally aligned SWNTs on ST-cut quartz. The quality of SWNT horizontal arrangement is shown to strongly depend on the crystallographic structure of the ST-cut quartz substrate. Perfectly aligned SWNTs are utilised as (i) one dimensional (1D) templates for electrodeposition of silver NPs, and (ii) NEs for the fundamental assessment of SWNT electrochemical behaviour. Formation of uniform silver nanowires (NWs) on most of the SWNTs is possible at high deposition overpotentials and times. Uniformity of the NWs indicates high structural quality of the horizontally aligned SWNTs. Nernstian behaviour of SWNT NEs for simple outer-sphere redox couples is shown in localised voltammetric measurements with microcapillaries, 25 - 50 μm in diameter serving as probes, filled with the redox active electrolyte solution and the reference electrode (RE). For the first time measurements at single SWNTs in the positive and negative potential window are performed, revealing a strong dependence of SWNT electrochemical activity on SWNT structural and electronic properties. Finally, careful tuning of the cCVD parameters enables growth of interconnected SWNT networks on ST-cut quartz, with complete surface coverage and no sign of alignment. These ultrathin mats are utilised as novel OT disk ultramicroelectrodes (OT-UMEs) with complete transparency in the ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) range, metallic behaviour and improved electrochemical usability in comparison to conventional solid UMEs.
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Souleiman, Manhal. "Études des solutions solides de type M(1-x)M'xXO4 homéotypes du quartz-alpha et cristallogenèse d’un matériau bi-fonctionnel GaAsO4 à propriétés piézoélectriques et optiques non linéaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20182/document.

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Des cristaux de Ga1-xFexPO4 ont été obtenus par voie hydrothermale avec xmax=0.23. La synthèse hydrothermale in-situ par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle essentiel des cations Ga3+ lors de la nucléation et la cristallisation de la phase mixte Ga1-xFexPO4 de structure quartz-α. La solution solide a été particulièrement étudiée par spectroscopie Raman et des calculs théoriques par DFT ont permis d'identifier clairement les modes de vibration dont la fréquence dépend de la composition chimique du matériau (modes couplés). Dans la même famille des matériaux de type MIIIXVO4, la cristallogénèse de monocristaux de GaAsO4 de grande taille (plusieurs cm3) a été réalisée par croissance hydrothermale basse pression (P < 2MPa). A partir de ces cristaux des mesures piézoélectriques sur résonateur ont permis de confirmer que GaAsO4, possède le coefficient de couplage électromécanique le plus élevé de la famille (20%) ce qui représente 2.5 fois les propriétés du quartz. Par ailleurs GaAsO4 possède des propriétés intéressantes dans le domaine de l'optique non-linéaire. Les mesures ont permis d'obtenir un coefficient de couplage électro-optique d11= 2.98pm/V (3.29pm/V par calcul DFT) ce qui place GaAsO4 parmi les matériaux les plus performants dans ce domaine. Compte tenu de sa haute stabilité thermique, GaAsO4 constitue un matériau bi-fonctionnel très prometteur pour des applications high-tech
Ga1-xFexPO4 single crystals were grown by hydrothermal methods. In-situ absorption X-ray spectroscopy was used to show the essential role of solvated Ga3+ ions during the nucleation and the crystallization of the alpha-quartz type structure. Solid solutions have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy coupled with theoretical DFT calculations. The dependence of vibrational mode frequencies on the chemical composition was studied thereby allowing a linear dependence of PO4 modes frequencies with the iron content (xFe) to be identified. In the second part, crystal growth of large single crystals (several cm3) of GaAsO4 was performed. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient of 20% was measured, which is 2.5 times that of alpha-quartz. Non-linear optical properties were also measured: the electro-optical coupling coefficient d11 is 2.98pm/V (3.29pm/V with DFT calculations). Due to the high thermal stability, GaAsO4 is a very promising bifunctional material for high technology applications
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Carr, Matthew William. "A study of the kinetics of nucleation, growth and detachment of carbon dioxide and chlorine bubbles using pressure release nucleation and the quartz crystal microbalance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335381.

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Peng, Chunqing. "Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of hybrid thin films using polyelectrolytes and inorganic nanoparticles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43684.

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Polymer/inorganic nanoparticle hybrid thin films, primarily composed of functional inorganic nanoparticles, are of great interest to researchers because of their interesting electronic, photonic, and optical properties. In the past two decades, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has become one of the most powerful techniques to fabricate such hybrid thin films. This method offers an easy, inexpensive, versatile, and robust fabrication technique for multilayer formation, with precisely controllable nanostructure and tunable properties. In this thesis, various ways to control the structure of hybrid thin films, primarily composed of polyelectrolytes and indium tin oxide (ITO), are the main topics of study. ITO is one of the most widely used conductive transparent oxides (TCOs) for applications such as flat panel displays, photovoltaic cells, and functional windows. In this work, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to stabilize the ITO suspensions and improve the film buildup rate during the LbL assembly of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and ITO. The growth rate was doubled due to the stronger interaction forces between the PSS and PEI-modified ITO layer. The assembly of hybrid films was often initiated by a polyelectrolyte precursor layer, and the characteristics of the precursor layer were found to significantly affect the assembly of the hybrid thin films. The LbL assembly of ITO nanoparticles was realized on several substrates, including cellulose fibers, write-on transparencies, silicon wafers, quartz crystals, and glasses. By coating the cellulose fibers with ITO nanoparticles, a new type of conductive paper was manufactured. By LbL assembly of ITO on write-on transparencies, transparent conductive thin films with conductivity of 10⁻⁴ S/cm and transparency of over 80 % in the visible range were also prepared. As a result of this work on the mechanisms and applications of LbL grown films, the understanding of the LbL assembly of polyelectrolytes and inorganic nanoparticles was significantly extended. In addition to working with ITO nanoparticles, this thesis also demonstrated the ability to grow bicomponent [PEI/SiO₂]n thin films. It was further demonstrated that under the right pH conditions, these films can be grown exponentially (e-LbL), resulting in much thicker films, consisting of mostly the inorganic nanoparticles, in much fewer assembly steps than traditional linearly grown films (l-LbL). These results open the door to new research opportunities for achieving structured nanoparticle thin films, whose functionality depends primarily on the properties of the nanoparticles.
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Wang, Syu-Sheng, and 王旭昇. "Single crystal of quartz growth by hydrothermal method and numerical analysis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90301570124744665754.

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碩士
中華技術學院
機電光工程研究所碩士班
95
The research is mainly to grow single crystal of quartz by hydrothermal method. In the course of studying, the parameters control to analyze the influence for growth rate of crystal. The growth of single crystal quartz by hydrothermal method must be under the environment of the high temperature and pressure. The study is used as ANSYS simulation to analyze the characteristics of stress, strain and heat flow within the autoclave under the high temperature and pressure. The result can be the safety basis for growth of quartz by hydrothermal method. The influence of growth rate and crystal quality includes growth temperature, growth pressure, mineralizer concentration, filling rate, baffle opening rate and growth time in the course of growth quartz. This research is set as the conditions with different baffle opening rates. The result shows that the baffle opening rate of 2.5% to 3.0% obtains the fast growth rate. After growth, the quartz is to be observed by optics microscope and the result shows the reduction of grain boundary and increase of crystalline grain. The long time it grows, the single crystal quartz is obtained. Keyword：single crystal quartz, hydrothermal method, autoclave, baffle opening rate, ANSYS simulation
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Wang, Chao-Fu, and 王昭富. "Experimental And Numerical Studies On Quartz Crystal Growth By Using Hydrothermal Synthesis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87859506582191000171.

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碩士
國立成功大學
工程科學系碩博士班
93
For the single-crystal growth of quartz by using hydrothermal synthesis, this work deigned and made a small-scale equipment to study the effects of the control parameters on the growth rate of quartz crystal experimentally. ANSYS software was used to analyze the stress fields caused by internal high pressure and thermal effect. From the computing results, the highest operating pressure and temperature of the crystal-growth vessel can be obtained. From the experimental results based on the average vessel temperature of 367.7℃, the relationship between the volume fraction of alkaline solution and internal pressure was derived. The experimental data reveals that the higher growth rate can result from the higher pressure, the larger temperature difference of the growth and dissolution regions, the higher liquid concentration or the smaller surface area of crystal seed. Furthermore, the growth rate is linearly related to the temperature difference. Finally, the temperature and flow fields of the equipment were simulated by FIDAP software. The computing results could give the more realistic temperature distribution of the vessel and alkaline solution, which is an important reference for the design of heating and insulated systems, and the control of working parameters.
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Books on the topic "Quartz crystals Growth"

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Crystal ascension: Spiritual growth & planetary healing. St. Paul, Minn., USA: Llewellyn Publications, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Quartz crystals Growth"

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Byrappa, K. "Growth of Quartz Crystals." In Bulk Crystal Growth of Electronic, Optical & Optoelectronic Materials, 387–406. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470012086.ch13.

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Shternberg, A. A., G. S. Mironova, O. V. Zvereva, and M. V. Molomina. "Structural Analogs of α-Quartz — Aluminum and Gallium Orthophosphates." In Growth of Crystals, 117–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3660-4_11.

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Hosaka, Masahiro, and Sadao Taki. "Hydrothermal Growth of Quartz Crystals in NaCl Solution." In Hydrothermal Reactions for Materials Science and Engineering, 162–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0743-0_25.

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Hosaka, Masahiro, and Sadao Taki. "Hydrothermal Growth of Quartz Crystals in KCl Solution." In Hydrothermal Reactions for Materials Science and Engineering, 172–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0743-0_27.

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Lagoeiro, Leonardo, and Paola Barbosa. "Nucleation and Growth of New Grains in Deformed Quartz Single Crystals." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 461–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470444214.ch49.

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Orsini, A., J. P. Kar, F. Gatta, I. Pini, M. Palmacci, A. D’Amico, and C. Falconi. "Quartz Crystal Microbalances for On-line Monitoring of Nanostructures Growth." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 433–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3860-1_77.

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Cammarata, V., N. Hao, J. Metz, and J. Liang. "Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of the Growth of Perylene-Containing Films." In ACS Symposium Series, 59–74. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0832.ch005.

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Zhu, Zhi Hong, Hua Tong, Tao Jiang, Xin Yu Shen, Peng Wan, and Ji Ming Hu. "In Situ Monitoring the Growth of HAP Crystal on the Surface of Ti/TiO2 in SBF with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance." In Key Engineering Materials, 717–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-422-7.717.

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Chen, Jennifer Y., Marcela P. Garcia, Lynn S. Penn, and Jun Xi. "Use of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring for Pharmacological Evaluation of Cell Signaling Pathways Mediated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 253–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2617-6_14.

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Newnham, Robert E. "Chemical anisotropy." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0034.

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Chemical anisotropy concerns the ways in which crystals grow or dissolve in different directions. It is an appropriate subject to end this book because it brings together the oldest and the newest parts of crystal physics. Long, long ago mineralogists described the shapes of natural crystals and noted correlations with cleavage, hardness, and other physical properties. Chemical etching was another favorite topic in classical crystal physics that has undergone a recent revival because of the interest in the micromachining of semiconductor devices. Chemical anisotropy involves the interaction of a crystal with a chemically active environment that promotes dissolution or growth. For this reason it is primarily a surface property, rather than a bulk property of the crystal. This is one of the reasons why chemical anisotropy is not normally included in crystal physics books. The other reason is that rates of growth and dissolution depend on the chemical nature of the environment much more than the bulk properties of crystals do. Nevertheless, this is an important subject in contemporary crystal physics. Surfaces become more and more important as the scale of engineered devices grows smaller. The crystal physics of surface properties is a natural extension of classical crystal physics. It is a topic still in its infancy. Under favorable conditions, crystal growth takes place in such a way that the external surface is bounded by a set of plane faces. The preferred shape of rocksalt family crystals is cube bounded by six symmetry-related {100} faces. For diamond, an octahedral shape with eight {111} faces often appears. Quartz, calcite, and rutile belong to lower symmetry crystal systems with more anisotropic morphologies. Quartz crystals are often elongated along the c-axis with a hexagonal cross-section bounded by six {100} faces while the ends are terminated by six {101} and six {011} faces. Calcite tends to form rhombohedra with six faces shaped like parallelograms. Rutile (TiO2) crystals are often elongated along the c-axis forming slender needles.
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Conference papers on the topic "Quartz crystals Growth"

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Evans, Edward A., Hongmin Li, and G. X. Wang. "Bulk Flow of Solution in a Hydrothermal Autoclave." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24342.

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Abstract Many piezo-electrical crystals such as quartz are grown hydrothermally in highly pressurized cylindrical autoclaves. In hydrothermal crystal growth of quartz, quartz pellets are put in the bottom of an autoclave where the temperature is higher and the quartz dissolves into an aqueous solution. The nutrient is then brought to the upper part of the autoclave by natural convection of the solution due to a temperature difference and deposited onto the seed crystals at a lower temperature. A good understanding of such a bulk flow is therefore essential for the control of the rate of crystal growth and the quality of the grown crystals. Due to a large dimension of the system and a large length to diameter ratio (10 to 30), complex flow patterns with strong turbulence are expected. This paper presents the first numerical analysis of turbulent natural convection in industry-size autoclaves with various aspect ratios. A simplified, two-dimensional axisymmetric model that does not consider the seed and the porous raw material bed has been developed. The Wilcox κ-ω turbulent model is employed to describe turbulent transport. Using a CFD package, CFX, numerical results have been obtained for cases with aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 30. Results show typical two counter-flow cells in both the bottom and upper parts of the autoclave. Strong turbulent interaction is observed in the region near the baffle opening where the bottom and upper two flow cells meet, although there is no cross flow in the average flow field. Detailed analyses and discussions are presented to characterize the bulk flow in the upper chamber under various aspect ratios, and their effect on crystal growth.
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Phelps, Patrick, Cin-Ty Lee, Douglas Morton, and Yunbin Guan. "Rapid Crystal Growth Causing Trace Element and Li-Isotope Enrichments in Quartz Crystals from the Stewart Pegmatite." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2077.

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Li, H., M. J. Braun, E. Evans, G. Wang, G. Paudal, and J. Miller. "Flow Visualization, Transport Mechanism, and Temperature Distributions in an Enclosure With Two Side Walls Each Differentially Heated: Upper Half, Cold; Lower Half, Hot." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45090.

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Due to the experimental difficulties brought about by the high pressure and temperature growth conditions flow and heat transport in a hydrothermal autoclave for the growth of single quartz crystals has been studied mostly numerically. To date, most of the numerical models and associated results are not validated, or only qualitatively validated through results derived from crystal growth production. In this study, the authors used a simulated model reactor represented by an enclosure with the two lower half sidewalls uniformly heated while the upper halves are uniformly cooled. Flow in the reactor is qualitatively visualized using a full field flow lighting and seeding technique and quantitatively evaluated using particle image velocimetry. Finally, based on the physical setup and experimentally determined boundary conditions, flow is numerically simulated and compared to the experimental results. The agreement between the experimental and the numerical data was used to validate the numerical model. The ensuing parametric study shows the changing of flow pattern and velocity magnitudes for two differential temperature cases: (ΔT = 10°C and ΔT = 1°C) and a variety of enclosure aspect ratios.
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Li, Hongmin, Edward A. Evans, and G. X. Wang. "Determination of Surface Heating Condition for a Desired Thermal Growth Environment in an Industry-Size Hydrothermal Autoclave." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47497.

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Hydrothermal growth is the most common technique to grow piezoelectric single crystals such as quartz. Due to a high-temperature and high-pressure growth condition, hydrothermal autoclaves are designed to operate as a closed system. During operation, the only control mechanism that crystal growers have is adjusting the power input of the heaters, based on the temperature readings obtained by the thermocouples along the centerline inside the autoclaves. The power adjusting process, however, is purely experience dependent, and, normally, uniform heating conditions from electric heaters are employed along the autoclave wall. This study develops an inverse algorithm, with which the required heat flux distributions from the heaters can be obtained for a desired growth environment inside an autoclave. The algorithm involves solving three sub-models step by step. The first step is to solve a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of solution in the autoclave to obtain the temperature and heat flux on the solution/wall interface. Using these temperature and heat flux conditions as thermal boundary conditions, the second step solves an inverse heat conduction problem in the metal wall. The solution provides the heat flux and temperature on the outer surface of the metal wall. The final step is to solve a heat conduction problem in the insulation layer to obtain the heat flux on the inner surface of the insulation layer. The heat flux distributions for heaters are then determined by the heat flux on the outer surface of the metal wall and heat flux on the inner surface of the insulation layer. The paper describes the details of each model. As an example, the method is used to find the required heat flux distributions of heaters for the growth environment predicted by a 2-D isothermal wall model. The result is then used to develop a two-patch heater for industry autoclaves.
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Li, Hongmin, Guo-Xiang Wang, and Edward A. Evans. "Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow in an Industry-Size Hydrothermal Autoclave Subjected to Non-Uniform Heating." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31403.

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Hydrothermal growth is an important industrial process to produce piezoelectric crystals such as quartz. It takes place in a cylindrical container called an autoclave, which is filled with aqueous solution at a high temperature and a high pressure. The high temperature growth condition is maintained through electrical resistors on the outer surface of an autoclave. In practice there is a non-uniform heating condition in the circumferential direction. Many theoretical and numerical studies, however, assume an axisymmetric heating condition. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the three-dimensional heat transfer and fluid flow in hydrothermal growth due to such non-uniform heating. The analysis is based on an industry-size autoclave with an aspect ratio of 10. The non-uniform heating is introduced on the surface of both the lower dissolving chamber and the upper growing chamber of an autoclave with and without a baffle at the middle height. The flow and isotherm patterns were obtained with the temperature difference between the two chambers kept at 10 °C. The circumferentially non-uniform temperature has dramatic effects on the three-dimensional flow and therefore the temperature distribution in the autoclave. When the dissolving chamber is subjected to circumferentially non-uniform heating, a baffle is essential to create a uniform growth environment in the growing chamber. To obtain high quality single crystals, however, the temperature control on the growing chamber wall is more important than that on the dissolving chamber wall.
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Maruyama, Shigeo. "CVD Growth and Heat Transfer of Carbon Nanotubes." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23350.

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Carbon nanotubes and graphene are extra-ordinal material with remarkable electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. Films of vertically aligned (VA-) SWNTs and horizontally aligned (HA-) SWNTs are synthesized on quartz and crystal quartz substrates, respectively. These aligned film should inherit the remarkable properties of SWNTs. The recent progress in growth control and characterization techniques will be discussed. The CVD growth mechanism of VA-SWNTs is discussed based on the in-situ growth monitoring by laser absorption during CVD. For the precisely patterned growth of SWNTs, we recently propose a surface-energy-difference driven selective deposition of catalyst for localized growth of SWNTs. For a self assembled monolayer (SAM) patterned Si surface, catalyst particles deposit and SWNTs grow only on the hydrophilic regions. The proposed all-liquid-based approach possesses significant advantages in scalability and resolution over state-to-the-art techniques, which we believe can greatly advance the fabrication of nano-devices using high-quality as-grown SWNTs. The optical characterization of the VA-SWNT film using polarized absorption, polarized Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy will be discussed. The extremely high and peculiar thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes has been explored by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation approaches. The thermal properties of the vertically aligned film and composite materials are studied by several experimental techniques and Monte Carlo simulations based on molecular dynamics inputs of thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance. Current understanding of thermal properties of the film is discussed.
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Duarte, Andreia A., and Maria Raposo. "Growth analysis of PEI/DPPG self-assembled films by quartz crystal microbalance." In 2012 IEEE 2nd Portuguese Meeting in Bioengineering (ENBENG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enbeng.2012.6331368.

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Kokubu, D., J. Hamagami, K. Kanamura, T. Umegaki, S. Nakamura, and K. Yamasita. "IN SITU MEASUREMENT OF CRYSTAL GROWTH RATE ON THE HAP COATING BY QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE METHOD." In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814291064_0039.

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JaeHo Yun, SeJin Ahn, JeongChul Lee, and KyungHoon Yoon. "In-situ monitoring technique for growth of CdS layer by quartz crystal microbalance." In 2008 33rd IEEE Photovolatic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2008.4922553.

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Jacobs, T., K. Bolaeva, T. Kahne, M. Naumann, and P. Hauptmann. "Real-time analysis of hepatocyte growth factor induced cell motility with quartz crystal resonators." In 2008 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2008.4716427.

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