Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quarks, gluons and lattices'
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Perantonis, S. J. "Model calculations in quantum chromodynamics and other field theories." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379929.
Full textSufian, Raza Sabbir. "DISCONNECTED-SEA QUARKS CONTRIBUTION TO NUCLEON ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM FACTORS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physastron_etds/49.
Full textSigdel, Dibakar. "Two Dimensional Lattice Gauge Theory with and without Fermion Content." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3224.
Full textIsert, Dagmar Sigrun. "Transport theory for scalar quarks and gluons." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961877200.
Full textSchulze, Robert. "From hot lattice QCD to cold quark stars." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-65426.
Full textRoy, Christelle. "L'Etrangeté du Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011076.
Full textAprès quasiment 20 ans de recherche auprès des différents accélérateurs de particules américains et européens, le CERN annonce le 10 février 2000 au cours d'une conférence de presse, la mise en évidence expérimentale d'un état particulier de la matière nucléaire, compatible avec la formation d'un QGP, sans pouvoir toutefois le caractériser pleinement. Les expériences du RHIC ont alors pris le relais. Aujourd'hui, au travers une pléthore de résultats nouveaux et parfois bien surprenants, il apparaît de façon de plus en plus certaine, qu'effectivement un état atypique de matière nucléaire a été créé à RHIC et notre vision du QGP comme un gaz parfait de partons n'interagissant que très faiblement, a depuis changé. Un nouvel acronyme a été défini : sQGP pour Strongly Interacting QGP.
Pour parvenir à cette observation, il a fallu passer par la caractérisation même de l'évolution des collisions d'ions lourds, du point de vue chimique et dynamique, en comparant les phénomènes des collisions d'ions lourds pour lesquelles les conditions devraient être réunies pour former un QGP à des collisions d'énergies moindres ou de systèmes plus légers qui ne peuvent permettre cette formation. Le QGP est en effet produit de manière beaucoup trop furtive pour pouvoir le sonder directement. Mon mémoire d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches présente les résultats des analyses que j'ai menées et qui ont contribué à la mise en évidence de la formation d'un état nouveau au RHIC et à cette nouvelle vision du plasma. Les stigmates du QGP ont été recherchés avec les particules contenant des quarks étranges : les résonances de particules simplement étranges et les baryons doublement étranges.
La production des résonances étranges Lambda(1520) apporte en effet des informations sur la phase d'hadronisation du plasma (lorsque les partons se recomposent en hadrons) : selon leur observation ou non, il pourrait être possible de caractériser le freeze-out chimique (instant où les interactions inélastiques cessent et la composition chimique du système est figée), le freeze-out cinétique (instant où les interactions élastiques cessent et les particules n'interagissent plus), si ces deux freeze-out coïncident ou si, au contraire ils sont séparés dans le temps et de combien. L'idée est la suivante : les Lambdas(1520) se désintègrent quasiment instantanément en un proton et un kaon. Par conséquent, si le temps entre les freeze-out chimique et cinétique est long, les produits de désintégration de ces particules peuvent être absorbés dans le milieu dense qui a été créé. En revanche, si les deux freeze-out coïncident ou sont très proches, les produits de désintégration ne sont pas affectés et la particule mère, c'est-à-dire la résonance, peut être identifiée. Ainsi, en mesurant les taux de production de ces particules dans les collisions proton–proton pour lesquelles les deux freeze-out coïncident, et en comparant les taux obtenus dans les collisions Au–Au, à l'énergie nominale du RHIC, il est apparu qu'effectivement, au moins 4 fm/c séparent les deux freeze-out dans les collisions Au–Au. Cette conclusion constitue une étape importante dans la compréhension des collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes et du comportement de la matière dans des conditions extrêmes. Cette analyse est apparue comme originale au sein de la collaboration STAR, étant la première étude sur les résonances étranges. Des algorithmes spécifiques ont dû être mis au point et sont largement utilisés au sein de la collaboration qui depuis étudie de nombreuses autres résonances ou recherche des objets plus exotiques.
La production des baryons étranges a été largement investiguée les années passées car une augmentation « anormale » des taux de production est attendue si un QGP est formé. Les expériences du CERN ont observé effectivement une surproduction de l'étrangeté dans les collisions Pb–Pb mais n'ont pu conclure de manière décisive quant à une formation éventuelle d'un plasma car ces résultats pouvaient être également reproduits par des modèles de gaz de hadrons. Nous avons mené une analyse similaire avec les données de STAR en comparant les taux de production des Xi, baryons doublement étranges, dans les collisions proton–proton et Au–Au à sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Là aussi, les résultats sont demeurés ambigus. Ainsi, ces résultats ont conduit un certain nombre de physiciens à ne plus considérer les taux de production de particules étranges comme une signature robuste de la formation d'un QGP. En revanche, l'étrangeté est revenue sur le devant de la scène, de façon plus indirecte donnant des informations très diverses et sur les différentes étapes de la collision.
Les Xi ont révélé tout d'abord que le système créé à l'énergie nominale du RHIC serait en équilibre thermique et chimique et que les températures de freeze-out chimique sont proches de la température de déconfinement prédite par QCD. Nous avons également étudié les phénomènes dynamiques collectifs, appelés flot, qui naissent des interactions entre constituants et se traduisent par une émission de matière dans des directions privilégiées de l'espace de phase. En accord avec leurs faibles sections efficaces d'interaction, les Xi semblent émis bien plus tôt que les particules plus légères. Toutefois, le fait que ces baryons subissent un flot important, laisse supposer qu'elles auraient développé un flot, donc qu'elles auraient été soumises à des interactions, avant la phase d'hadronisation, autrement dit, dans une phase partonique. Les partons subiraient donc des interactions résiduelles, contrairement à ce que préconisaient les théoriciens du milieu des années soixante-dix.
Par ailleurs, en 2003, les quatre expériences du RHIC ont révélé conjointement la mise en évidence du phénomène de jet-quenching dans les collisions d'ions lourds : il traduit une diminution de la production de particules chargées de très haute impulsion transverse s'expliquant par la perte d'énergie des partons dans un milieu très dense. Nous avons réalisé cette analyse en considérant les X et montré que non seulement ces baryons subissent un jet-quenching mais aussi qu'ils ont un comportement différent de celui des mésons. Une dépendance des phénomènes dynamiques au type de particules a ainsi été mise en évidence en accord avec les modèles de coalescence préconisant que les hadrons se forment à partir de la recombinaison des quarks. Là aussi, émergence des partons comme degrés de liberté pertinents.
A partir de ces résultats entre autres, certains théoriciens affirment la découverte du QGP à RHIC mais les expérimentateurs sont plus prudents et désirent auparavant confirmer et enrichir leurs résultats par l'étude d'autres observables qui viendraient corroborer ces observations. Ces années ont été particulièrement stimulantes par l'évolution de nos connaissances grâce aux formidables résultats produits par les quatre expériences du RHIC. Les « vielles » signatures ont fait peau neuve se transformant en sondes nouvelles et riches en informations originales. La conception du QGP a évolué : il ne s'agit plus d'un gaz parfait constitué de partons évoluant librement mais d'un sQGP.
Andrieux, Vincent. "Polarisation of quarks and gluons inside the nucleon." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112244/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is related to the study of the longitudinal spin structure of the nucleon. The aim is to determine the contribution to the spin 1/2 of the proton in terms of its constituents, quarks and gluons. The analysis is performed on the data taken with the COMPASS experiment, which benefits from a polarised muon beam at 200 GeV scattered off polarised protons from an ammonia target of 1.2 m long. The double longitudinal spin asymmetry of deep inelastic scattering cross-Section. The spin-Dependent structure function of the proton g₁p is derived from these measurements, which extend the kinematic world coverage to unexplored region so far (0,0036 < x< 0,57; 1,03 < Q² (GeV/c)² < 96 and 23 < W² (GeV/c)² < 320).The results obtained with a high statistical precision are included in a Next-To-Leading order QCD analysis of world g₁p, g₁d and g₁n (proton, deuteron and neutron) data to parametrise the polarised quark and gluon distributions. The g₁ world coverage of the x and Q² kinematic domain, which is a key point in the sensitivity to the gluon polarisation ΔG, turns out to be too limited for an accurate ΔG determination. Nevertheless, the QCD analysis allows to determine the quark spin contributions to the proton spin to 0.26<ΔΣ<0.33 at Q² = 3 (GeV/c)² in the MSbar scheme. The dominant uncertainty on ΔΣ is related to the choice of functional forms assumed in the fit. Finally, the Bjorken sum rule, which constitutes a fundamental test of QCD, is verified on the COMPASS data alone with a precision of 9%
Basa, Stéphane. "Recherche des gluinos et des squarks dans le cadre du modèle supersymétrique minimal au LHC : étude des performances d'un prototype de calorimètre électromagnétique plomb/fibres scintillantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22026.
Full textWong, Stephen Man Hoe. "Finite temperature field theory - hard thermal loops and the quark-gluon plasma." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309328.
Full textSalehi, Kasmaei Babak. "NONEQUILIBRIUM PROBES OF THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627035862984205.
Full textJackson, Greg. "The Runny Gauge Plasma: shear viscosity to entropy for quarks and gluons." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23061.
Full textMages, Simon Wolfgang [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer. "Properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma from Lattice QCD / Simon Wolfgang Mages. Betreuer: Andreas Schäfer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068056088/34.
Full textDurães, Francisco de Oliveira. "Estudo do Fluxo de Energia em Colisões Hadrônicas e em Fotoprodução a Altas Energias." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-18062012-155856/.
Full textWe present and apply to several situations a model for particle production. With this model it is possible to understand the energy flow in hadronic reactíons, in photoproduction and also ma.ke predictions for the behaviour of some observables at higher energies. It is also possible to study the individual contributions of soft and semíhard interactions and the individual contributions coming from the central and fragmentation regions. We analyse charged and charmed particle production data at several energies. We predíct, among other things, that an increasing fraction of the reaction energy is going to be released in the central region. As a consequence the asymmetry observed in charm production will decrease. We study and propose as experimental test to heavy meson production from light quark fragmentation.
Fong, Che Ping. "Jet fragmentation at small momentum fractions in quantum chromodynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239209.
Full textTram, Vi-Nham. "Etude de la production du J/v dans les collisions or-or à 200GeV par paire de nucléons dans l'expérience PHENIX." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001917.
Full textWelzbacher, Christian Andreas [Verfasser]. "Quarks and gluons in the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics / Christian Andreas Welzbacher." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112909974/34.
Full textChatagnon, Pierre. "Nucleon structure studies with CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab : timelike Compton scattering and the central neutron detector." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP039.
Full textThe nucleons, protons and neutrons, are the main constituents of visible matter in the universe. Their structure, three valence quarks surrounded by a cloud of sea quarks and gluons, is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, the properties of QCD cannot be computed perturbatively at energies comparable to the nucleon mass. Hence, structure functions were adopted to model the inner structure of nucleons. The Generalized Partons Distributions (GPD), were introduced in the 90's to provide a description of the nucleon in terms of both the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of its quarks and gluons. These functions contain a large amount of information and are closely related to the nucleon spin and mechanical architecture. Their experimental measurement is a key element for the understanding of fundamental properties of matter. The main focus of this thesis is to provide new data for GPD studies, with a first-time measurement of Timelike Compton Scattering at Jefferson Lab with the CLAS12 detector.This thesis is divided in three parts. The first part presents the theory of GPDs, current models and their link with physical processes that can be experimentally measured. The relation between GPDs and experimental observables is discussed, and the concept of Compton Form Factors (CFF) is introduced. In addition, the link between the spin and the mechanical properties of the nucleon, as well as the possibility of performing a 3D imaging of the nucleon with GPDs is highlighted.The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the work I performed on the Central Neutron Detector (CND). The CND is a plastic scintillator barrel built to increase the neutron detection capabilities of CLAS12 in its central region. After presenting the physical motivations for the building of this detector, its hardware implementation, calibration, reconstructions and simulation aspects are detailed. At the end of this part, the CND performances using real data are measured and compared to its design specifications.Finally, the third part covers the experimental measurement of the photo-production of a lepton pair off the proton, the Timelike Compton Scattering process (TCS). This reaction offers an insight on some properties of GPDs which are not well constrained by the reactions measured so far, in particular the real part of CFFs. The experimental setup used for data taking is described. The subsequent data processing and analysis is explained, and results for three different observables are shown
Bhagwat, Mandar S. "Aspects of Non-Perturbative QCD for Hadron Physics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1113519118.
Full textLi, Xiaomei. "Identification des photons dans les collisions d'ions lourds ultra relativistes." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2042.
Full textJacobsen, Rafael Bán. "Plasma de quarks e glúons no interior de estrelas de nêutrons." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15328.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of nuclear matter at high densities considering the hadronic and quark phases at zero temperature, with the perspective of applying the developed formalism to the analysis of global static properties of neutron stars. in this work, after presenting important aspects of stellar evolution and neutron star theory, we study the properties and models of nuclear matter. In the nuclear matter studies for the hadronic phase, we have considered the relativistic nuclear quantum eld theory developed by J. D. Walecka, J. Zimanyi and S. A. Moszkowski, and by J. Boguta and A. R. Bodmer, also known, respectively, as Sigma-omega, ZM and Non-linear models. In these models the nuclear matter is described by a relativistic and strong interaction lagrangian many-body formulation with baryon e ective elds coupled to scalar, vector and iso-vector mesons. In this study we consider initially the description of global static properties of manybody nuclear systems at zero temperature as, for instance, the nucleon e ective mass for symmetric nuclear and neutron matter. Knowledge of the neutron matter equation of state makes it possible the description of global static properties of a neutron star, such as its mass and radius, through the Tolman, Oppenheimer and Volko equations. The results we have obtained in this work are in agreement with the corresponding ones presented by other authors. We have further included into the formalism the chemical equilibrium equations, lepton degrees of freedom for electrons and muons, the fundamental octet of baryons and the charge neutrality condition. Our choice for the hyperonic coupling constants is based on the SU(6) symmetry and on the counting rules for quarks. The consideration of generalized beta equilibrium among the particles in our formalism generates a strongly coupled system of eleven equations to be numerically solved to nd the di erent fermionic populations. At last we study a phenomenological lagrangian model of nuclear matter with adjustable derivative coupling, which exhibits a parametrization, through mathematical expressions with adjustable coe cients, of the intensity of the meson-nucleon coupling. We study the in uence of these couplings in the determination of the main nuclear properties and global static properties of neutron stars. This model is the one we use to develop our study of the hadronic matter to quark matter phase transition in the last part of our work, using the Gibbs criteria. In the quark matter study, we have considered the bag model developed ih the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by A. Chodos, R. L. Ja e, K. Johnson, C. B. Thorn and V. F. Weisskopf. As a main result, we have determined a general equation of state for hadronic and quark matter, and we have analyzed the equilibrium conditions for hybrid stars. We have then focused the in uence of the adjustable model couplings in the determination of the phase transition baryon density. We have also analyzed how the existence of the quarkgluon plasma core in the star repercutes in its global static properties (such as radius and maximum mass) and in the thermodynamical property known as the adiabatic index. The predictions of our work, even though based on new results, are in complete agreement with the corresponding ones obtained by other authors.
Kallio, Karn. "Static potential between adjoint quarks on coarse lattices in SU(2) gauge theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ51373.pdf.
Full textEspagnon, Bruno. "Aperçu sur l'étude du Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons à l'aide du spectromètre dimuons d'ALICE." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260365.
Full textHamieh, Salah. "Hydrodynamique du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans les collisions d'ions lourds : évolution de l'étrangeté." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112225.
Full textHirlinger-Saylor, Nicholas. "A measurement of unpolarized cross sections and polarized cross section differences of deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton at Jefferson Laboratory using Clas." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913906.
Full textGuerin, F. "Sonde muonique et instrumentation associée pour l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans l'expérience ALICE." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132781.
Full textGuérin, Fabien. "Sonde muonique et instrumentation associée pour l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans l'expérience ALICE." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_215.
Full textSchäfer, Christian [Verfasser], Owe [Akademischer Betreuer] Philipsen, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Rischke. "Real time observables for the Quark-Gluon Plasma from the lattice / Christian Schäfer. Gutachter: Owe Philipsen ; Dirk Rischke. Betreuer: Owe Philipsen." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058400479/34.
Full textGuernane, Rachid. "Optimisation du spectromètre à muons du détecteur ALICE pour l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons au LHC." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001419.
Full textZarake, Haitham. "Production de photons et de dileptons dans un plasma de quarks et de gluons : structure infrarouge et effets cohérents." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10078.
Full textChanfray, Guy. "Sur quelques problèmes illustrant le rôle des degrés de liberté de quarks et de mésons dans les noyaux." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19009.
Full textAmaral, João Thiago de Santana. "Amplitudes de espalhamento na cromodinâmica quântica em altas energias no formalismo de dipolos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14952.
Full textIn a high energy hadron collision the density of quarks and gluons inside the hadron grows fast , which leads to the growth of the cross sections. This behaviour, predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), was experimentally revealed for the first time through the measurements of electron-proton deep inelastic scattering (DIS), the simplest process which describes the properties of QCD in the high energy regime. Within the dipole picture, the DIS cross sections can be expressed in terms of the dipoleproton scattering amplitude, whose evolution with energy is described by perturbative QCD through nonlinear evolution equations. The simplest of them is the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation, which consists in a mean field approximation of the Balitsky-JIMWLK equations and whose main properties are extracted in momentum space. From these properties, we develop the AGBS model for the dipole-proton scattering amplitude in momentum space. This phenomenological model is used to describe measurements of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of the F2 proton structure function. The description of the most recent DIS data is done by the fitting procedure and includes heavy quark contribution. A similar analysis, using the same model and the same data set, includes the effect of the gluon number fluctuations, whose importance has been only recently discovered. Because of the complexity of the QCD equations for the amplitudes, some simple particle models have been developed aiming to better understand the evolution and scattering in QCD at high energies. In the second part of the thesis, we develop one of these models, a (1+1)-dimensional stochastic model, which reproduces the QCD evolution and scattering at high energies at fixed impact parameter. One of the dimensions corresponds to rapidity, while the another corresponds to the logarithm of the inverse of the size of a dipole. The model exhibits a saturation mechanism similar to the gluon saturation in QCD, as well as all the qualitative features expected in QCD, concerning both mean field aspects and the effects of fluctuations at fixed coupling. The model appears to be in the universality class of the reaction-diffusion process, as also expected for QCD. The evolution equations for the amplitudes generated by the model appear a natural extension of the QCD Balitsky- JIMWLK equations, in which the target and the projectile are symmetrically treated.
Lemoigne, Yves. "Hadro-production d'états CHI du charmonium auprès du SPS." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112333.
Full textThe observation of hadroproduced charmonium CHI states requires a good resolution to disentangle states of similar masses (45 MeV of difference for masses larger than 3500 MeV). The WA11 experiment was able to distinguish the two CHI (3510) and CHI(3555) states, measure their cross – sections in π – beryllium at 185 GeV/c and give a ratio of contribution of this to J /ψ production (17,7 % and 12,8 % respectively). A refined analysis of CHI – states events has shown different processes the π – production of these states. At 185 GeV/c, the CHI (3555) comes mainly from gluon – gluon fusion, but the x(3510) is equally produced by quark – antiquark fusion and gluon – gluon fusion. One finds that different graphs can be envisaged, both in colour conservation as well as in colour evaporation, to contribute to charmonium state production given by simple counting rules (∝s², ∝s³,…etc. ). Using our data at 185 GeV/c and the usual structure function (like the DUKE – OWEN’s ones), we are able to compute the J/ ψ, CHI₁ and CHI ² π – production at any other S. P. S. Energy. This calculation gives values in agreement with results from the « Ω » group (for CHI), at GeV/c
Vauthier, Astrid. "Mesure des corrélations photon-hadron auprès de l'expérience ALICE au LHC pour l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY062/document.
Full textThe quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory used at present to describe the strong interaction, predicts the existence of a phase transition, at very high temperature and/or density, towards a state of nuclear matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined : the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Such a medium can be produced in laboratory, and the measurement of its properties allows to give a new perspective on the mechanisms of interactions between the constituents as well as to test the QCD in unexplored domains.Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions delivered by the accelerator LHC at CERN allow to obtain the thermodynamical conditions necessary for the QGP to be formed. By means of a diversified instrumentation, the ALICE experiment allows to reach a large number of observables allowing to characterize the QGP. Among these, the measurement of the fragmentation of the partons (quarks and gluons) allows to study in detail the mechanisms of energy loss in the medium and its redistribution in the final state, and can also be compared with theoretical calculations, based on QCD, that model the interaction of an energetic parton with the QGP which is passing through.The work presented in this manuscript is articulated around the study of the fragmentation function via the measurement of the photon-hadron correlations in proton-proton and proton-Lead collisions. At first, a work on energy calibration of the ALICE experiment’s electromagnetic calorimeter was realized, along with the characterization of the uncertainties of this calibration. Secondly, the photon-hadron correlations, whose main difficulty is the identification of the direct photons, were studied. The results obtained in both systems of collisions demonstrate the feasibility of the analysis which can be easily widened to the peripheral Lead-Lead collisions. Finally, this work shows that the dominant uncertainties of the measurement will be reducible with the new data delivered by the LHC
Jahnke, Cristiane. "Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV using TPC and EMCal detectors with ALICE at LHC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-17062016-153829/.
Full textColisões de íons pesados relativísticos é uma ferramenta poderosa para se estudar o plasma de quarks e glúons (QGP). Quarks pesados ({\\it charm} e {\\it beauty}) são produzidos nos estágios iniciais da colisão e participam da evolução completa do sistema. Medidas de elétrons provenientes de quarks pesados é uma das possíveis formas de se estudar a interação destas partículas com o QGP. Utilizando o detetor ALICE do LHC, elétrons podem ser identificados com alta eficiência e boa pureza. Uma forte supressão de elétrons provenientes de quarks pesados foi observada em alto $p_$ em colisões de Pb-Pb a 2.76 TeV. Medidas do mesmo observável em colisões p-Pb são cruciais para se entender os efeitos da matéria nuclear fria na produção de tais partículas. O espectro de elétrons provenientes de hádrons que contêm {\\it charm} ou {\\it beauty} foi medido em colisões p-Pb a $\\sqrt = 5.02$ TeV. Os elétrons foram identificados utilizando o {\\it Time Projection Chamber} (TPC) e o {\\it Electromagnetic Calorimeter} (EMCal) do detetor ALICE, no intervalo de momento transversal de $2 < p_ < 20$ GeV/c. As medidas foram realizadas utilizando dois diferentes conjunto de dados: colisões de mínima tendenciosidade ({\\it minimum bias (MB)}) e colisões tomadas utilizando o trigger do EMCal. Os elétrons de fundo foram removidos utilizando um método de massa invariante. Os resultados são compatíveis com a unidade ($R_ \\approx$ 1) e os efeitos da matéria nuclear fria são pequenos para elétrons provenientes de quarks pesados.
Martinez, Gines. "Introduction à l'étude expérimentale de la matière hadronique dans les collisions entre ions lourds. Le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370481.
Full textGelis, François. "Fonctions de corrélation en théorie des champs à température finie : Aspects formels et applications au plasma de quarks et de gluons." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS028.
Full textVorvolakos, Angelos. "Artificial neural network methods in high energy physics and their application to the identification of quark and gluon jets in electroproton collisions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314217.
Full textPillot, Philippe. "Les résonances de quarks lourds comme sonde du plasma de quarks et de gluons : optimisation du spectromètre à muons de l'expérience ALICE et étude de la production du J/$\psi$ dans l'expérience NA60." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010685.
Full textWu, Tao. "Production de phi et oméga dans les collisions Pb-Pb à 158 Gev par nucléon." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004516.
Full textIn the most central collisions of Pb-Pb nuclei at SPS CERN, sufficiently high values of energy density could be reached so that a transient new state of matter, the plasma of quarks and gluons (QGP) could be formed. The identification of the production of this state relies on consequences it could induceon final products of the collision, like J/psi suppression due to screening effect on the quark pair potential, or increase of the strangeness production in the plasma. Measuring muon pairs in coincidence with observables characterising the PbPb impact parameter, like the transverse energy E-T produced, the NASO experiment bas observed the anomalous suppression of the J/psi and the enhancement of the phi(grec) production. This thesis deals mainly with the phi production study in the data collected by NA50 in year 2000, with an improved experimental setup, in particular concerning the trigger used for measurement of the transverse energy distribution of the Pb-Pb collisions, and rejection of collisions not occurring in the target. These improvements have given a better access to peripheral and central collisions. The transverse energy spectrum obtained is nicely reproduced by a Glauber geometrical model of the collision, from a low E-T threshold. A cross check between various muon pairs multiplicities do not exhibit systematical bias for the most central collisions. Similarly a cross comparison between J/psi and minimum bias events as a function of E-T bas been used to determine the effect on the efficiency of signal determination, of rejections performed on the events. The behaviour of J/psi multiplicity with E-T which is obtained in this study does not confirm the additional drop that could have been suggested by previous results. Inversely the observed decrease of the J/psi multiplicity divided by the number of n-n collisions determined in the Glauber calculation does not seem to saturate for the most central collisions, as predicted by several models which does not suppose the formation of a QGP. The multiplicities and cross sections that we obtain with 2000 datas for phi and w(omega) are in agreement with the ones obtained with previous data sets. The change in the phi branching ratio into dimuons partly reconciles NA50 phi multiplicities with the one measured by NA49 experiment, but the slopes of the MT spectra remains very different. In summary this study confirms the results previously obtained, and brings additional information about most central collision, for J/psi and phi multiplicities. The interest of the phi/w(omega) ratio as a direct estimate of the square of the strangeness saturation factor γs is underlined
Speltz, Jeff. "Caractérisation d'un état dense de quarks et de gluons grâce aux fonctions d'excitation des hypérons multi-étranges mesurées avec l'expérience STAR au RHIC." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391681.
Full textSpeltz, Jeff Coffin Jean-Pierre. "Caractérisation d'un état dense de quarks et de gluons grâce aux fonctions d'excitation des hypérons multi-étranges mesurées avec l'expérience STAR au RHIC." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/714/01/Speltz2006.pdf.
Full textNendaz, Fabien. "Préparation à l'étude du plasma de quarks et de gluons dans ALICE : le détecteur V0 et les résonances de masses dans le spectromètre à muons." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452580.
Full textBarton, Robert Allan. "Multi-strange hyperon production in relativistic heavy -ion collisions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367744.
Full textAlgarín, F. E. S. [UNESP]. "Dressed perturbation theory for the quark propagator: Fernando Enrique Serna Algarín. -." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123856.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The rainbow-ladder approximation is a simple nonperturbative truncation scheme for nonperturbative calculations in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). It provides satisfactory results for the ground-states of light pseudoscalar and vector mesons, but for excited and exotic states, as well as for heavy-light mesons, this truncation provides less accurate results. In the present dissertation we have proposed a novel approach to go beyond the rainbow-ladder truncation, which we name dressed perturbation theory. The guiding principle of the approach is to modify the quadratic part of the QCD action by the addition of self-energy terms for the quarks and gluons, and perform perturbative calculations with the interaction action subtracted by the same self-energies. Instead of noninteracting propagators of traditional perturbative QCD calculations, the novel perturbative scheme is performed with dressed propagators. The self-energies used in the dressed propagators can be taken from the ladder approximation, or from lattice QCD simulations. Our main concern in the dissertation is the application of the formalism to the the quark propagator. The lowest nontrivial order corrections are two-loop vertex corrections. Numerical results are obtained for quark mass function and pion properties in the chiral limit for a simple ansatz for the gluon self-energy
Algarín, F. E. S. (Fernando Enrique Serna). "Dressed perturbation theory for the quark propagator / Fernando Enrique Serna Algarín. -." São Paulo :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123856.
Full textBanca: Arlene Cristina Aguilar
Banca: Bruno El-Bennich
Resumo:A aproximação "rainbow-ladder" (arcoíris-escada) é um esquema de truncamento não-perturbativo simples para cálculos não-perturbativos na cromodinâmica quântica (QCD). Ela fornece resultados satisfatórios para os estados fundamentais de mésons pseudo-escalares e vetoriais, mas para estados excitados e estados exóticos, como também para mésons pesados-leves, este esquema de truncamento fornece resultados menos precisos. Na presente dissertação propomos um novo método que vai além do truncamento "rainbow-ladder", que denominamos "dressed perturbation theory" (teoria de perturbação vestida). O princípio norteador do método é modificar a parte quadrática da ação da QCD pela adição de termos de autoenergia para os quarks e glúons e efetuar teoria de perturbação com a parte de interação da ação, subtraída das mesmas auto-energias. Ao invés de propagadores não-interagentes dos tradicionais cálculos de QCD perturbativa, o novo esquema perturbativo é implementado com propagadores vestidos. As auto-energias empregadas nos propagadores vestidos podem ser tomadas da aproximação "ladder", ou de simulações de QCD na rede. Nossa preocupação principal nesta dissertação é a aplicação do novo formalismo ao propagador dos quarks. As correções não-triviais de ordem mais baixa são correções de vértice. Resultados numéricos são obtidos para a função de massa dos quarks e propriedades do píon no limite quiral para um ansatz simples para a auto-energia do glúon
Abstract:The rainbow-ladder approximation is a simple nonperturbative truncation scheme for nonperturbative calculations in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). It provides satisfactory results for the ground-states of light pseudoscalar and vector mesons, but for excited and exotic states, as well as for heavy-light mesons, this truncation provides less accurate results. In the present dissertation we have proposed a novel approach to go beyond the rainbow-ladder truncation, which we name dressed perturbation theory. The guiding principle of the approach is to modify the quadratic part of the QCD action by the addition of self-energy terms for the quarks and gluons, and perform perturbative calculations with the interaction action subtracted by the same self-energies. Instead of noninteracting propagators of traditional perturbative QCD calculations, the novel perturbative scheme is performed with dressed propagators. The self-energies used in the dressed propagators can be taken from the ladder approximation, or from lattice QCD simulations. Our main concern in the dissertation is the application of the formalism to the the quark propagator. The lowest nontrivial order corrections are two-loop vertex corrections. Numerical results are obtained for quark mass function and pion properties in the chiral limit for a simple ansatz for the gluon self-energy
Mestre
Paulo, Júnior Ademar. "Interações efetivas entre quarks a baixas energias a partir da Cromodinâmica Quântica considerando o condensado de quark-antiquark." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3064.
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The Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the current theory that aim to describe the strong interactions in the Standard Model. It is a non-abelian gauge theory where quarks and gluons are the fundamental particles. However, QCD exhibits difficulties when low energy regimes are considered and perturbative methods cannot be employed. Thus, effective models are extremely important and useful when low energy limits are considered. Starting with QCD we develop an effetive model taking into account the second order gluon condensate, ⟨Aa A a ⟩, and quark-antiquark, ⟨ qq⟩. The coupled GAP equations are derived for Ns = 3 and numerical solutions are found for that. Furthermore, a functional expansion from effective potencial to the sixth order is calculated and contributions from that terms inserted into the effective lagrangian.
A Cromodin^amica Qu^antica (QCD) e a atual teoria que busca descrever as intera c~oes fortes dentro do modelo padr~ao. Trata-se de uma teoria de calibre n~ao-abeliana em que os quarks e gl uons constituem as part culas fundamentais. Entretanto, a QCD apresenta di - culdades quando consideram-se regimes de baixas energias em que t ecnicas n~ao perturbativas devem ser utilizadas. Assim, o uso de modelos efetivos e de extrema import^ancia e utilidade para os regimes de baixas energias que s~ao os de interesse deste trabalho. Partindo da QCD desenvolveremos um modelo efetivo para intera c~oes entre quarks levando em conta a presen ca dos condensados de gl uons de ordem dois, ⟨Aa A a ⟩, e de quark-antiquark, ⟨ qq⟩. As equa c~oes do GAP acopladas s~ao obtidas para Ns = 3 e suas solu c~oes num ericas s~ao encontradas. Al em disso, a expans~ao funcional do potencial efetivo at e sexta ordem no campo dos quarks e calculada e as contribui c~oes destes termos consideradas na lagrangeana efetiva.
Altherr, Tanguy. "Etude perturbative en theorie quantique des champs a temperature finie : application a l'emission de paires de leptons par un plasma de quarks et de gluons." Chambéry, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CHAMSA06.
Full textBerrehrah, Hamza. "Propagation et collectivité des quarkonia dans le plasma de quarks et de gluons : vers la suppression de la suppression du J/ψ à hautes températures." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2115.
Full textThe suppression of quarkonia has been studied as a probe of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) properties for 25 years. However, the comparison between experimental data and theoretical scenarios including suppression mechanisms is not very conclusive. An alternative track is to study not only the suppression but also the physical properties of quarkonia survivors in the QGP. In fact, recent SPS results showed a non-zero quarkonia elliptic flow. On the other hand, recent RHIC results suggest a strong thermalization of charm quarks in the medium. Therefore, it follows a small diffusion coefficient and a moderate final separation between the two constituents of the bound state. This would limit the J/ψ suppression (suppression of the J/ψ suppression) and motivate the interest to study the quarkonia dynamics in the QGP. This thesis focuses on the study of the physical aspects underlying the quarkonia propagation and collectivity in the QGP. The study is performed using a hydrodynamic transport model describing the stochastic evolution of a bound state in a hot fluid. The ingredients for this approach are, among others, the evaluation of the elastic and inelastic quarkonium-gluon/quark/hadron scattering processes, and a relevant estimation of the collisional energy losses and stochastic forces of the thermal bath. To conduct this study, we developed a theoretical framework by combining analytical calculations based on pQCD, phenomenological considerations and results from lQCD. The role of elastic scattering process during the quarkonia propagation in the QGP has been demonstrated in our study. In addition, elements that characterize the quarkonia collectivity in the medium were obtained
Filho, Elienos Pereira de Oliveira. "Study of the angular correlation between heavy-flavour decay electrons and charged unidentified particles in pp and p-Pb collisions with ALICE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-18012015-125411/.
Full textO próposito de colisões entre íons pesados relativísticos é investigar as propriedades do plasma de quarks e gluons (QGP, do inglês Quark-Gluon Plasma). A transição de fase, de um estado hadrônico para o QGP, ocorre em regimes onde a temperatura e/ou densidade atingem um valor suficientemente alto. Neste contexto, colisões entre íons pesados e leves (por exemplo, p-Pb) permitem acessar efeitos devido à matéria nuclear fria (CNM, do inglês Cold Nuclear Matter) e colisões elementares (por exemplo, próton-próton) são usadas como referência para estudos com íons pesados, além de proporcionarem testes para cálculos de QCD perturbativa. Quarks pesados, isto é charm e bottom, são ferramentes muito convenientes no estudo e caracterização do QGP. Essas partículas são produzidas através de espalhamento duro nos instantes iniciais da colisão e, portanto, elas atuam como uma sonda externa para o sistema criado na reação. Esse trabalho consiste no estudo da correlação angular entre elétrons oriundos de quarks pesados e partículas carregadas, em colisões pp (2.76 e 7 TeV) e p-Pb (5.02 TeV), no acelerador LHC (do inglês Large Hadron Collider) do CERN, usando o detector ALICE (do inglês A Large Ion Collider Experiment). A distribuição angular mencionada foi medida em função da multiplicidade do evento, no caso de colisões p-Pb. Em colisões pp, a contribuição relativa de quarks charm e bottom para o total de elétrons provenientes de quarks pesados foi estimada usando a função de correlação obtida.
Guiot, Benjamin. "Production de charms et de photons prompts avec le générateur d'évènements EPOS." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0192/document.
Full textAt the LHC, strong interaction is studied by doing collisions of high energy particles. In the case of nucleus-nucleus collision (lead at the LHC), a new state of matter, called Quarks Gluons Plasma (QGP), is created. The study of this QGP is currently a lively research field. Hard probes, like heavy quarks and prompt photons, are produced during early times of collisions done at the LHC. This is why they are ideal probes for the study of the QGP. They will go through and interact with the medium produced by the collision. A comparison with a case without QGP (proton-proton- collision) will allow us to see how hard probes properties are modified by themedium. Then, medium properties like temperature and density can be extracted. This study requires a good understanding of hard probes production in proton-proton collisions. The aim of my thesis is the implementation of heavy quarks and prompt photons in the event generator EPOS (computer code for colliders), for p-p collisions. Our final aim is the study of the QGP in Pb-Pb collisions