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Journal articles on the topic 'Quark and lepton masses'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

TERAZAWA, HIDEZUMI. "HOW TO SOLVE THE MASS SPECTRUM OF QUARKS AND LEPTONS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 21 (July 10, 1992): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392001580.

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It is suggested that the existing mass spectrum of quarks and leptons can be explained by solving a set of sum rules for quark and lepton masses. As an illustration, we presented a solution where given the three charged lepton masses, all the six quark masses are correctly derived with the prediction of mt≃131 GeV from the six sum rules including two new empirical ones.

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2

DECKER, ROGER, and JEAN PESTIEAU. "CANCELLATION OF ULTRAVIOLET DIVERGENCES IN THE SU(2)L×U(1) ELECTROWEAK MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 28 (December 30, 1989): 2733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389003051.

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We assume that, in the SU(2)L×U(1) model, ultraviolet divergences of the charged lepton self-masses are zero. We predict the top and Higgs masses in the vicinity of the Z-boson mass. Our assumption holds only if there are no more than three generations of quarks and leptons and if quarks and leptons, except for the top quark, have negligible masses compared to the W-boson mass.

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3

ROSEN, GERALD. "IS LEPTON-QUARK MASS PRESET BY A CHARGE-NUMBER RELATION?" Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 20 (June 28, 1996): 1687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396001673.

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It is shown that a simple expression for m that depends exclusively on the charge-number Q gives experimentally admissible zero mass for the three neutrinos and accurately consistent mass values for the charged leptons and quarks over the five order-of-magnitude range characterized by the ratio mt/me≅3.6×105. Since this charge-number relation is patently predictive, with 12 fermion masses constituting substantial output relative to the postulational input, lepton and quark mass may indeed be preset by this charge-number condition. Hence, lepton-quark mass may actually be primary to the phenomenological standard model Lagrangian.

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4

Fritzsch, Harald. "Oscillating Neutrinos and Majorana Neutrino Masses." Universe 6, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6020029.

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We discuss the mass matrices with texture zeros for the quarks and leptons. The flavor mixing angles for the quarks are functions of the quark masses and can be calculated. The results agree with the experimental data. The texture zero mass matrices for the leptons and the see-saw mechanism are used to derive relations between the matrix elements of the lepton mixing matrix and the ratios of the neutrino masses. Using the measured neutrino mass differences, the neutrino masses can be calculated. The neutrinoless double beta decay is discussed. The effective Majorana neutrino mass, describing the neutrinoless double beta decay, can be calculated—it is about 4.6 meV. The present experimental limit is at least twenty times larger.

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5

FUKUYAMA, TAKESHI, and HIROYUKI NISHIURA. "HIERARCHICAL MASSES AND UNIVERSAL MIXING IN QUARK–LEPTON MASS MATRICES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 32 (October 6, 2013): 1350146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501460.

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The universality hypothesis for quark and lepton mixing matrices (CKM and MNS) is further developed. This hypothesis explains why the CKM is almost diagonal whereas the MNS is almost maximally mixed. If this hypothesis is true, the Dirac CP violating phase of the MNS mixing matrix is bounded around π or 0. Quark–lepton mass matrices which realize this hypothesis are constructed, showing simple power law relations among mass matrices for up-type, down-type quarks and neutrinos.

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6

Tanaka, S. "On the Lepton-Quark Masses." Progress of Theoretical Physics 81, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.81.743.

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7

Ma, Ernest. "Radiative quark and lepton masses." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 13 (February 1990): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(90)90138-k.

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8

SAWANAKA, HIDEYUKI. "QUARK AND LEPTON MASS MATRICES WITH A4 FAMILY SYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 05 (June 2007): 1383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006745.

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Realistic quark masses and mixing angles are obtained applying the successful A4 family symmetry for leptons, motivated by the quark-lepton assignments of SU (5). The A4 symmetry is suitable to give tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing matrix which is consistent with current experimental data. We study new scenario for the quark sector with the A4 symmetry.

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9

ROSEN, GERALD. "HEURISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF A DIRAC–GOLDHABER MODEL FOR LEPTON AND QUARK STRUCTURE." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 04 (February 10, 2007): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307022621.

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All three charged lepton pole masses are given to O(10-5) accuracy by [Formula: see text], where θk = 2πk/3 + 2/9 with the generation number k = 1, 2, 3. In the context of a Dirac model, it is shown that this empirical formula for the charged leptons admits a satisfactory S3-parametrized extension for the scale-independent pole masses of quarks and Majorana neutrinos; in particular, the top quark mass emerges as 177.698 GeV. A physical-geometrical interpretation of the mass formula supports Dirac's and Goldhaber's proposals: leptons and quarks of the same generation are identical in size and shape. Specifically, their self-interaction mass appears to be concentrated on spherical surfaces of radii [Formula: see text], in which the Kähler radial complex coordinate zk is a root of the Calabi–Yau condition [Formula: see text] for the envelopment of the particle surfaces and ℓ is a fundamental length constant.

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10

Antusch, Stefan, and Constantin Sluka. "Testable SUSY spectra from GUTs at a 100 TeV pp collider." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (November 22, 2016): 1644011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16440115.

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Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) are attractive candidates for more fundamental elementary particle theories. They cannot only unify the Standard Model (SM) interactions but also different types of SM fermions, in particular quarks and leptons, in joint representations of the GUT gauge group. We discuss how comparing predictive supersymmetric GUT models with the experimental results for quark and charged lepton masses leads to constraints on the SUSY spectrum. We show an example from a recent analysis where the resulting superpartner masses where found just beyond the reach of LHC Run 1, but fully within the reach of a 100 TeV [Formula: see text] collider.

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11

Xing, Zhi-Zhong. "Quark mass hierarchy and flavor mixing puzzles." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 30 (December 8, 2014): 1430067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14300671.

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The fact that quarks of the same electric charge possess a mass hierarchy is a big puzzle in particle physics, and it must be highly correlated with the hierarchy of quark flavor mixing. This chapter is intended to provide a brief description of some important issues regarding quark masses, flavor mixing and CP-violation. A comparison between the salient features of quark and lepton flavor mixing structures is also made.

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12

Enkhbat, T., and G. Seidl. "Quark and lepton masses from deconstruction." Nuclear Physics B 730, no. 1-2 (December 2005): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.10.002.

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13

Fritzsch, H. "Lepton -Quark masses and democratic symmetry." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 40, no. 1-3 (March 1995): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(95)00136-w.

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14

Chang, Ngee-Pong. "Endowing the Standard Model with a new r-symmetry." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 21 (August 20, 2014): 1444008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14440084.

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In the Standard Model, there is the single Higgs field, ϕ, which gives rise to constituent quark and lepton masses. The Yukawa coupling is a highly complex set of 3 × 3 matrices, resulting in many textures of quark and lepton masses. In this talk, we propose to transfer the complexity of the Yukawa coupling matrices to a family of Higgs fields, so that the Yukawa coupling itself becomes a simple interaction. In the context of an Enriched Standard Model, we introduce a new r-symmetry in the extended SU(2)L × U(1)Y × U(1)R model and show how a particularly simple scenario results in a near degeneracy of masses in the 126 GeV region, with a hierarchy of heavier masses suggested by the quark and lepton texture mass matrices.

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15

Koide, Yoshio, and Hiroyuki Nishiura. "Quark and lepton mass matrices described by charged lepton masses." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 20 (June 28, 2016): 1650125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231650125x.

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Recently, we proposed a unified mass matrix model for quarks and leptons, in which, mass ratios and mixings of the quarks and neutrinos are described by using only the observed charged lepton mass values as family-number-dependent parameters and only six family-number-independent free parameters. In spite of quite few parameters, the model gives remarkable agreement with observed data (i.e. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) mixing, Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) mixing and mass ratios). Taking this phenomenological success seriously, we give a formulation of the so-called Yukawaon model in detail from a theoretical aspect, especially for the construction of superpotentials and R charge assignments of fields. The model is considerably modified from the previous one, while the phenomenological success is kept unchanged.

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16

KOIDE, YOSHIO. "NEUTRINO MIXING IN A DEMOCRATIC SEESAW MASS MATRIX MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 36 (November 30, 1996): 2849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396002836.

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On the basis of a seesaw-type mass matrix model for quarks and leptons, [Formula: see text] where mL∝mR are universal for f=u, d, v and e (up-quark, downquark, neutrino and charged lepton sectors respectively), and MF has a form [(unit matrix)+(democratic-type matrix)], neutrino masses and mixings are investigated. We try to understand a large vµ−vτ mixing, i.e. sin2 2θ23~1, with mv1 ≪ mv2~mv3, which has been suggested by the atmospheric neutrino data.

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17

BAUR, U., I. HINCHLIFFE, and D. ZEPPENFELD. "EXCITED QUARK PRODUCTION AT HADRON COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 04 (August 1987): 1285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000661.

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Composite models generally predict the existence of excited quark and lepton states. We consider the production and experimental signatures of excited quarks Q* of spin and isospin 1/2 at hadron colliders and estimate the background for those channels which are most promising for Q* identification. Multi-TeVpp-colliders will give access to such particles with masses up to several TeV.

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18

Dobrescu, Bogdan A., and Patrick J. Fox. "Quark and lepton masses from top loops." Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, no. 08 (August 28, 2008): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/08/100.

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19

Albright, Carl H., and S. M. Barr. "Predicting quark and lepton masses and mixings." Physics Letters B 452, no. 3-4 (April 1999): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00290-7.

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20

Fritzsch, Harald. "The pattern of lepton and quark masses." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 1, no. 2 (March 1988): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(88)90359-3.

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21

King, Stephen F., and Samjid H. Mannan. "Quark and lepton masses in extended technicolor." Nuclear Physics B 369, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(92)90380-t.

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22

GIUDICE, GIAN F. "A NEW ANSATZ FOR QUARK AND LEPTON MASS MATRICES." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 26 (August 30, 1992): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392003876.

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A new ansatz for quark and lepton mass matrices is proposed in the context of supersymmetric grand unified theories. The 13 parameters describing fermion masses and mixings are determined in terms of only 6 free parameters, allowing 7 testable predictions. The values of Vus, Vcb, Vub, mu, md, ms and mb are then predicted as a function of the 3 charged lepton masses, mc, mt and tan β, the ratio of Higgs vacuum expectation values. In particular the Cabibbo angle and ms/md are determined in terms of only lepton masses. All predictions are in very good agreement with experiments.

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23

BEDNYAKOV, A. V. "ON THE TWO-LOOP DECOUPLING CORRECTIONS TO τ-LEPTON AND b-QUARK RUNNING MASSES IN THE MSSM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 12 (May 10, 2010): 2437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10048494.

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Masses of heavy Standard Model (SM) fermions (top-quark, bottom-quark and tau-lepton) play an important role in the analysis of theories beyond the SM. They serve as low-energy input and reduce the parameter space of such theories. In this paper Minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM is considered and two-loop relations between known SM values of fermion masses and running parameters of the MSSM are studied within the effective theory approach. Both b-quark and τ-lepton have the same quantum numbers with respect to SU(2) group and in the MSSM acquire their masses due to interactions with the same Higgs doublet. As a consequence, for large values of tan β parameter corresponding Yukawa couplings also become large and together with tan β can significantly enhance radiative corrections. In the case of b-quark two-loop [Formula: see text] contribution to the relation between running bottom-quark mass in QCD and MSSM is known in literature. This paper is devoted to calculation of the NNLO corrections proportional to Yukawa couplings. For the τ-lepton obtained contribution can be considered as a good approximation to the full two-loop result. For the b-quark numerical analysis given in the paper shows that only the sum of strong and Yukawa corrections can play such a role.

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24

PICARIELLO, MARCO, BHAG C. CHAUHAN, JOÃO PULIDO, and EMILIO TORRENTE-LUJAN. "PREDICTIONS FROM NON-TRIVIAL QUARK-LEPTON COMPLEMENTARITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 31 (December 20, 2007): 5860–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07039080.

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The complementarity between the quark and lepton mixing matrices is shown to provide robust predictions. We obtain these predictions by first showing that the matrix VM, product of the quark (CKM) and lepton (PMNS) mixing matrices, may have a zero (1,3) entry which is favored by experimental data. We obtain that any theoretical model with a vanishing (1,3) entry of VM that is in agreement with quark data, solar, and atmospheric mixing angle leads to [Formula: see text]. This value is consistent with the present 90% CL experimental upper limit. We also investigate the prediction on the lepton phases. We show that the actual evidence, under the only assumption that the correlation matrix VM product of CKM and PMNS has a zero in the entry (1, 3), gives us a prediction for the three CP-violating invariants J, S1, and S2. A better determination of the lepton mixing angles will give stronger prediction for the CP-violating invariants in the lepton sector. These will be tested in the next generation experiments. Finally we compute the effect of non diagonal neutrino mass in li → ljγ in SUSY theories with non trivial Quark-Lepton complementarity and a flavor symmetry. The Quark-Lepton complementarity and the flavor symmetry strongly constrain the theory and we obtain a clear prediction for the contribution to μ → eγ and the τ decays τ → eγ and τ → μγ. If the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings are degenerate but the low energy neutrino masses are not degenerate, then the lepton decays are related among them by the VM entries. On the other hand, if the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings are hierarchical or the low energy neutrino masses are degenerate, then the prediction for the lepton decays comes from the CKM hierarchy.

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25

Picariello, Marco. "Predictions forμ→eγin Supersymmetry from Nontrivial Quark-Lepton Complementarity and Flavor Symmetry." Advances in High Energy Physics 2007 (2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/39676.

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We compute the effect of nondiagonal neutrino mass inli→ljγin Supersymmetry (SUSY) theories with nontrivial quark-lepton complementarity and a flavor symmetry. The correlation matrixVM=UCKMUPMNSis such that its (1,3) entry, as preferred by the present experimental data, is zero. We do not assume thatVMis bimaximal. Quark-lepton complementarity and the flavor symmetry strongly constrain the theory and we obtain a clear prediction for the contribution toμ→eγand theτdecaysτ→eγandτ→μγ. If the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings are degenerate but the low-energy neutrino masses are not degenerate, then the lepton decays are related among them by theVMentries. On the other hand, if the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings are hierarchical or the low-energy neutrino masses are degenerate, then the prediction for the lepton decays comes from theUCKMhierarchy.

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26

Żenczykowski, Piotr. "A Note on Koide’s Doubly Special Parametrization of Quark Masses." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0058.

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Abstract Three charged lepton masses may be expressed in terms of a Z3-symmetric parametrization relevant for the discussion of Koide’s formula. After disregarding the overall scale parameter, the observed pattern of lepton masses can be described extremely well if the remaining two parameters acquire the unexpectedly simple values of 1 and 2/9. We argue that an analogue of this doubly special feature of the parametrization can also be seen in the quark sector provided that the mass of the strange quark is taken to be around 160 MeV, as might be expected in the low-energy regime.

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27

Koide, Yoshio, and Hiroyuki Nishiura. "Flavon VEV scales in U(3)×U(3)′ model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 15 (May 26, 2017): 1750085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500853.

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We have recently proposed a quark and lepton mass matrix model based on U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text] family symmetry as the so-called Yukawaon model, in which the U(3) symmetry is broken by VEVs of flavons [Formula: see text] which are [Formula: see text] of U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text]. The model has successfully provided the unified description of quark and lepton masses and mixings by using the observed charged lepton masses as only family-number dependent input parameters. However, our final goal is not only to give well-satisfied fitting of quark and lepton masses and mixings, but also to investigate physics behind such a successful parameter fitting. Therefore, our next concern is scales of VEVs of the flavons because we have not paid attention to scales of flavons in the previous study. In order to give consistency among the scales, the previous flavon model is drastically changed together with economizing number of the flavons, but with keeping previous phenomenological success. We estimate that VEVs of flavons with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are of the orders of 10 TeV, 104 TeV and 107 TeV, respectively.

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28

von Gersdorff, Gero. "Flavor physics in warped space." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 15 (May 7, 2015): 1540013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315400131.

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We review constraints from quark and lepton flavor violation on extra dimensional models with warped geometry, both in the minimal and the custodial model. For both scenarios, Kaluza–Klein (KK) masses that are large enough to suppress constraints from electroweak precision tests (EWPT) also sufficiently suppress all quark flavor and CP violation, with the exception of CP violation in [Formula: see text] mixing and (to a lesser extend) in [Formula: see text] mixing. In the lepton sector the minimal scenario leads to excessively large contributions to μ→eγ transitions, requiring KK masses of at least 20 TeV or larger.

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29

FRITZSCH, H. "FLAVOR MIXING, QUARK MASSES, NEUTRINO MASSES AND NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 18n19 (July 30, 2009): 3354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09046941.

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We study a model for the mass matrices of the quarks and leptons. Two of the three flavor mixing angles of the quarks can be calculated in terms of the quark mass ratios. They agree very well with the experiments. We are able to relate the mass eigen values of the charged leptons and of the neutrinos to the mixing angles and can predict the masses of the neutrinos. We find a normal hierarchy -the masses are 0.004 eV, 0.01 eV and 0.05 eV. The atmospheric mixing angle is given by the mass ratios of the charged leptons and the neutrinos. We find 38 degrees, consistent with the experiments. The mixing element, connecting the first neutrino with the electron, is found to be 0.05.

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30

FRITZSCH, H., and J. WEYERS. "A COMMENT ON THE t-QUARK MASS." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 13 (May 30, 1990): 1057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390001177.

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31

Terazawa, Hidezumi. "More sum rules for quark and lepton masses." Physical Review Letters 65, no. 7 (August 13, 1990): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.65.823.

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32

Kim, Hyung Do, Stuart Raby, and Leslie Schradin. "Quark and lepton masses in 5D SO(10)." Journal of High Energy Physics 2005, no. 05 (May 16, 2005): 036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/05/036.

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33

Hall, L. J. "TOWARDS A THEORY OF QUARK AND LEPTON MASSES*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 688, no. 1 (June 1993): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43911.x.

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34

Barr, S. M. "Predictive hierarchical model of quark and lepton masses." Physical Review D 42, no. 9 (November 1, 1990): 3150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.42.3150.

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35

Barbieri, R., C. Bouchiat, A. Georges, and P. Le Doussal. "Limits on superparticle masses from quark-lepton universality." Nuclear Physics B 269, no. 2 (June 1986): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90222-1.

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36

Kitazoe, T., and Hikaru Sato. "Hierarchical quark-lepton masses and intermediate mass scale." Nuclear Physics B 276, no. 2 (October 1986): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90308-1.

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37

FOOT, R., and S. TITARD. "GAUGE BOSON MASSES FROM FERMION MASSES?" Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 22 (July 20, 1992): 1991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392001713.

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We examine the possibility that the masses of the W and Z gauge bosons are induced radiatively from the masses of heavy fermions. From experiment we know that [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. We point out that this relation can be naturally obtained if the W and Z boson masses are radiatively generated from heavy fermions which arise from a mass matrix which has large electroweak violating masses as well as very large electroweak invariant masses. Two examples of this are considered: The usual see-saw neutrino model and the SU(5)c/quark-lepton symmetric models.

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38

Lampe, Bodo. "A microscopic approach to quark and lepton masses and mixings." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 04n05 (February 11, 2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500256.

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In recent papers, a microscopic model for the SM Higgs mechanism has been proposed, and an idea how to determine the 24 quark and lepton masses of all three generations has emerged in that framework. This idea is worked out in detail here by accommodating the fermion masses and mixings to microscopic parameters. The top quark mass can be given in terms of the Fermi scale and of certain exchange couplings of isospin vectors obeying a tetrahedral symmetry. The observed hierarchy in the family spectrum is attributed to a natural hierarchy in the microscopic couplings. The neutrinos will be shown to vibrate within the potential valleys of the system, thus retaining very tiny masses. This is related to a Goldstone effect inside the internal dynamics. A discussion of the quark and lepton mixing matrices is also included. The mixing angles of the PMNS matrix are calculated for an example set of parameters, and a value for the CP-violating phase is given.

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39

Zhang, Ying. "A unified Yukawa interaction for the Standard Model of quarks and leptons." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 27 (September 7, 2021): 2150196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501960.

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To address fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixings in the quark and lepton sectors, a minimal flavor structure without any redundant parameters beyond phenomenological observables is proposed via decomposition of the Standard Model Yukawa mass matrix into a bi-unitary form. After reviewing the roles and parameterization of the factorized matrix [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in fermion masses and mixings, we generalize the mechanism to up- and down-type fermions to unify them into a universal quark/lepton Yukawa interaction. In the same way, a unified form of the description of the quark and lepton Yukawa interactions is also proposed, which shows a similar picture as the unification of gauge interactions.

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40

MANGANO, GIANPIERO, and FRANCESCO SANNINO. "A MASS SPECTRUM FOR LEPTONS AND QUARKS." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 16 (May 30, 1993): 1519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393001240.

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A suggestive phenomenological relation is found among the lepton and quark masses which suggests a new insight into the problem of generations and also gives a prediction for the top quark mass in agreement with the range of values which is actually expected.

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41

FOOT, R., and H. LEW. "CALCULABLE FERMION MASSES IN A QUARK-LEPTON SYMMETRIC MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 04 (February 10, 1992): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392000240.

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The quarks and leptons appear tantalizingly similar at present energies. One explanation of this is that quarks and leptons are exactly symmetrical, but this symmetry has been broken by the vacuum. In gauge models with this feature, there are typically tree-level mass relations between quarks and leptons. We show that these mass relations may be modified by radiative effects so that they agree with experiment.

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42

Seshavatharam, U. V. S., and S. Lakshminarayana. "4G model of final unification – A brief report." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2197, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2197/1/012029.

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Abstract To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge in such a way that, its squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to reciprocal of the strong coupling constant; and 3) Considering a fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be split into quark fermions and quark bosons. Further, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV and hadron masses seem to be generated by a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. With further study, a workable model of final unification can be developed.

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MOHAPATRA, R. N. "NEUTRINO MASS AND GRAND UNIFICATION OF FLAVOR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 23 (September 20, 2010): 4311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050688.

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The problem of understanding quark mass and mixing hierarchies has been an outstanding problem of particle physics for a long time. The discovery of neutrino masses in the past decade, exhibiting mixing and mass patterns so very different from the quark sector has added an extra dimension to this puzzle. This is specially difficult to understand within the framework of conventional grand unified theories which are supposed to unify the quarks and leptons at short distance scales. In the paper, I discuss a recent proposal by Dutta, Mimura and this author that appears to provide a promising way to resolve this puzzle. After stating the ansatz, we show how it can be realized within a SO(10) grand unification framework. Just as Gell-Mann's suggestion of SU(3) symmetry as a way to understand the hadronic flavor puzzle of the sixties led to the foundation of modern particle physics, one could hope that a satisfactory resolution of the current quark-lepton flavor problem would provide fundamental insight into the nature of physics beyond the standard model.

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MOFFAT, J. W. "ORIGIN OF FERMION MASSES." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 40 (December 28, 1991): 3697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004280.

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An eigenvalue equation for the spectrum of lepton and quark is obtained from a truncated set of Tamm-Dancoff integral equations, generated by a four-fermion interaction based on a finite nonlocal quantum field theory. Eigenvalue equations for the meson and baryon mass spectra are also derived and integral equations are proposed for the scattering amplitudes, which can be used to calculate coupling constants in the nonlocal version of the standard model.

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TERAZAWA, HIDEZUMI. "A SIMPLE RELATION AMONG THE QUARK MASSES." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 03 (January 30, 1995): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000235.

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Based on our recent suggestion that the first and second generations of quarks and leptons can be taken as almost and quasi Nambu–Goldstone fermions, respectively, we can derive a simple relation among the quark masses, [Formula: see text], from which the top quark mass is predicted to be mt ≅ (180±100) − (200±110) GeV .

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FALCONE, D. "FERMION MASSES AND MIXINGS IN GAUGE THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 28 (November 10, 2002): 3981–4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011047.

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The recent evidence for neutrino oscillations stimulate us to discuss again the problem of fermion masses and mixings in gauge theories. In the standard model, several forms for quark mass matrices are equivalent. They become ansatze within most extensions of the standard model, where also relations between quark and lepton sectors may hold. In a seesaw framework, these relations can constrain the scale of heavy neutrino mass, which is often related to the scale of intermediate or unification gauge symmetry. As a consequence, two main scenarios arise. Hierarchies of masses and mixings may be explained by broken horizontal symmetries.

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HUNG, P. Q. "A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF FERMION MASSES AND MIXINGS." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 19 (June 21, 1994): 1745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001593.

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A phenomenological theory of fermion masses and mixings is constructed within the framework of a four-family symmetry. It is found that the most favored set of relevant CKM elements are |Vus| ≈ 0.222, |Vcb| ≈ 0.044, |Vub/Vcb| ≈ 0.082, |Vud| ≈ 0.974, |Vcs| ≈0.9736, |Vcd| ≈ 0.224 with [Formula: see text]. The top quark mass is predicted to be 258 GeV at 1 GeV with its physical mass approximately in the range of 153 GeV to 165 GeV. Some remarks on the relationship between the lepton sector and the quark sector will be made.

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Habyl, N., Thomas Gutsche, Mikhail A. Ivanov, Jürgen G. Körner, Valery E. Lyubovitskij, and Pietro Santorelli. "Physical observables in the decay Λb → Λc(→ Λ + π) + τ− + ν̄τ." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 39 (January 2015): 1560112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451560112x.

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We analyze the tauonic semileptonic baryon decays [Formula: see text] with particular emphasis on the lepton helicity flip contributions which vanish for zero lepton masses. We calculate the total rate, differential decay distributions, the longitudinal and transverse polarization components of the [Formula: see text] and the [Formula: see text], and the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetries. We use the covariant confined quark model to provide numerical results on these observables.

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Barr, S. M. "Simple and predictive model for quark and lepton masses." Physical Review Letters 64, no. 4 (January 22, 1990): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.64.353.

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Babu, K. S., and S. M. Barr. "Realistic quark and lepton masses through SO(10) symmetry." Physical Review D 56, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 2614–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.56.2614.

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