Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quarantine'
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Kaloteka, Karolina. "Spatial Quarantine : The Swedish quarantine system 1850-1894 and a spatial theoretical framework." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157144.
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Ahuja, Neel. "Cultures of quarantine race, U.S. empire, and the biomedical discourse of national security, 1893-1960 /." Diss., View abstract only; access to full text of dissertation for UC campuses will be available after November 1, 2010, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3330845.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-318).
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Lobatiuk, M., Марина Миколаївна Дунаєва, Марина Николаевна Дунаева, and Maryna Mykolaivna Dunaieva. "Analysis of quarantine effectiveness in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78013.
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Now one of the most pressing topics in the world is the disease caused by the coronavirus SARSCoV-2. The outbreak began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, but on March 11, 2020, WHO called the infection a pandemic. Now all people on the planet live in quarantine. On March 12, 2020, quarantine measures were introduced in Ukraine. We suggest looking at whether they produce results.
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Moncure, Katherine Parker. "Inverted Quarantine: Individual Response to Collective Fear." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1465228298.
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Eggenschwiller, Seth. "Krapp's Last Tape Under Quarantine: A Contemporary Adaptation." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1619128426722315.
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Yarosichenko, Anastasia, and L. V. Roienko. "Work in IT sphere during the quarantine time." Thesis, Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16299.
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У статті досліджується вплив карантинної ситуації на особливості роботи у сфері інформаційних технологій, як карантин у світі вплинув на ринок праці та робочі стосунки спеціалістів у сфері інформаційних технологій. Значна уваги приділяється аналізу різних аспектів діяльності ІТ спеціалістів.
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Carlyle, Kyle R. "Optimizing quarantine regions through graph theory and simulation." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1472.
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Corcoran, R. J. "Fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) responses to quarantine heat treatment /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16489.pdf.
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Pervun, Julia, and Olena Babenko. ""Maskne": problem during quarantine. How to prevent acne breakouts?" Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18260.
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Hughes, Kelvin J. D. "Molecular methods for the diagnosis of fungal quarantine plant pathogens." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272031.
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Longhurst, Peta. "Materialising Contagion: An Archaeology of Sydney's North Head Quarantine Station." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17906.
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North Head Quarantine Station was established in the 1830s as a means to protect the population of Sydney, Australia, from the threat of communicable diseases such as plague, smallpox, cholera and typhus. The practice of maritime quarantine in Sydney throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries coincided with radical changes in the way that disease transmission was understood, as earlier ideas such as noxious ‘miasmas’ bound to localities were supplanted by modern germ theory. The Quarantine Station bore witness to these transitions, and as such is an ideal case study through which to explore the archaeological signature of evolving understandings of – and responses to – disease. Within the archaeological literature, disease is primarily accessed and configured through human remains. The present research builds on this scholarship by considering the ways in which objects and places, as well as people, have been materially transformed via their historical associations with infection. This project examines how disease has been materialised at quarantine sites, and remains interpretable through the archaeological assemblage. Drawing on relational concepts including DeLanda’s (2006) assemblage theory, my research adopts a multiscalar approach, beginning with an examination of the landscape of North Head and the ways in which disease has been located and controlled within it. The discussion then moves to the level of the collection, drawing out the taphonomic processes that have brought objects into and out of association with the institution. Finally, individual objects are interrogated in order to evaluate the direct relationships between object and disease – as objects that reveal or erase disease, or objects that are themselves diseased. These scales are then drawn together to consider what constitutes an archaeology of quarantine, and the role of disease within this institutional assemblage.
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Воргуль, О. В., І. В. Свид, О. В. Зубков, and В. В. Семенець. "Teaching microcontrollers and FPGAs in Quarantine from Coronavirus: Challenges and Prospects." Thesis, MC&FPGA, 2020. https://mcfpga.nure.ua/conf/2020-mcfpga/10-35598-mcfpga-2020-005.
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Modern equipment is becoming more and more complex and education establishment must keep up with it and offer its contribution to the overall progress. The goal of this work is to find the way how to survive on self-isolation and teach microcontrollers and FPGAs. What challenges need to be overcome and what prospects may open up.
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Weeks, Dane. "PLANT PEST QUARANTINE SURVEY INTERNSHIP WITH THEUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500722486282801.
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Janson, Sarah. "By the Sad and Mournful Sea: Mortuary Memorialisation in the Quarantine Context." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14707.
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The concept and processes of quarantine are shaped by changing medical theory and ideology concerning the causes, spread and methods for curtailing infectious disease. North Head Quarantine Station in Manly, New South Wales is one of the oldest quarantine facilities in Australia, operating from the 1830s until 1984 and its associated Third Cemetery is the material manifestation of one of the possible outcomes from the processes of quarantine; the occurrence of death. This thesis is therefore concerned with exploring whether the specific circumstances and liminal nature of the quarantine experience affects patterns of mortuary memorialisation and commemoration at this site. A recording of 68 grave markers at the Third Cemetery and 68 grave markers at Manly Cemetery has been undertaken. Spatial, temporal, material and inscription content analysis have been applied to the recorded data in order to compare and contrast patterns in memorialisation. Further juxtaposition between historical attitudes and practices concerning death and dying has been explored. The results have been considered in light of a theoretical body whereby it has been argued the quarantine experience displays elements of the liminal period in a rite de passage (van Gennep 1960, Turner 1987). This model entails a tripartite structure of a subject’s separation from mainstream society, an in-between or liminal stage whilst in quarantine and reincorporation; into society. By comparing the two sites in light of this framework, the data show similarity in material fabric and style but clear difference in spatial patterns of memorialisation as well as variation in language, the temporal use of the sites and size and complexity of monuments. A dissonance with the historical accounts of death and dying in Australia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was revealed. The unique circumstances and ideologies of quarantine and the liminal nature of its processes therefore have had an effect on the types and patterns of memorialisation and commemoration at these sites, both constraining and liberating memorialising activity at the unique Third Cemetery site. Consequently, this research has implications for analysis of cemeteries in other liminal institutional contexts such as hospitals, sanatoria and asylums.
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Birla, Sohan L. "Potential of radio frequency heating of fresh fruits as an alternative quarantine method." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/s_birla_010807.pdf.
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MACHI, ANDRE R. "Uso da radiação gama do cobalto-60 em ácaros de importância agrícola visando o tratamento quarentenário." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10558.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Riley, Sophie Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Invasive alien species and the protection of biodiversity: the role of quarantine laws in resolving inadequacies in the international legal regime." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Law, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41301.
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The problem of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the second most serious threat to loss of biodiversity after habitat destruction. It is a problem largely created by humans as they transport and introduce species, deliberately and accidentally, from one part of the globe to another. The pressures exerted on biodiversity by international trade are one of the most serious aspects of the IAS problem. Although states are under obligations in international environmental law to prevent the entry of, and control, those alien species that threaten biodiversity, to date state practice has often been found wanting. In particular, quarantine regulation, which can be a state??s first line of defence against IAS, is mainly used by states to protect their farming and agricultural product sectors rather than biodiversity at large. The reasons for this include lack of domestic resources and lack of guidance at the international level. However, even if states were to expand the purview of quarantine, the question arises whether they would be able to use quarantine regulation to protect biodiversity from IAS while simultaneously fulfilling their international trade law obligations. This study seeks to answer this question by examining international environmental law and international trade law in their application to quarantine regulation. In doing so, the study identifies many areas of conflict. The different policies that underpin environmental and trade regimes mean that environmental concepts, such as the precautionary principle and the ecosystem approach, are difficult to apply within the international trade law regime. A way of achieving a more harmonized international response to the problem of IAS is suggested by incorporating environmental considerations into the international standards used by states to design and implement domestic quarantine measures. To facilitate the practical implementation of international standards the study further recommends appropriate financial and institutional capacity building mechanisms.
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Agaba, Grace Omeche. "Mathematical modelling of epidemics with account for population awareness." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65367/.
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In this thesis I developed and analysed several mathematical models that describe the dynamics of infectious diseases spreading in a population simultaneously with people becoming aware of the presence of the disease and thus modifying their behaviour. This is achieved using compartmental models, with further extensions to models with time delays and the administration of vaccines. Resulting mathematical models were analysed using the techniques of dynamical systems and bifurcations theory, complemented by direct numerical simulations. Design of optimal strategies maximising the reduction of infection rates subject to logistical constraints were studied within the new modelling framework and with a view to be used in realistic contexts. Of particular interest is the design and analysis of the impact of local and global awareness campaigns, as well as the administration of vaccines to minimise the spread of infections.
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Zaiika, K., Оксана Михайлівна Замора, Оксана Михайловна Замора, Oksana Mykhailivna Zamora, Ірина Іванівна Д`яконова, Ирина Ивановна Дьяконова, and Iryna Ivanivna Diakonova. "International economic trends during pandemics: from plague to coronavirus." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80959.
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Матеріал присвячено питанням розвитку суспільства та аналізу міжнародних економічних тенденцій під час пандемій.Материал посвящен вопросам развития общества и анализу международных экономических тенденций при пандемий.
The material is devoted to the development of society and analysis of international economic trends during pandemics.
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Fabà, Camats Lluís. "Study of nutritional strategies to improve rearing, quarantine, and adaptation periods of replacement gilts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666896.
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En la present tesi, es varen hipnotitzar reduccions en coixeses, osteocondrosis (OC) i lesions de peülles via proporcionar una suplementació dietètica (de nutrients importants en ossos i peülles) i/o reduir el creixement durant la recria. També, que nutrients (importants per al sistema immune) millorarien el rendiment productiu en un ambient hostil incloent el virus del síndrome respiratori i reproductor porcí (PRRSv). Al Capítol III, 360 nul·lípares es recriaren sota els tractament dietètic Con (control); TM (10, 20 i 50 mg/kg addicionals de coure, manganès i zinc, respectivament); Met (102% metionina:lisina); o TM+Met; i s’avaluà coixeses, rendiment productiu i lesions en peülles (fins al primer deslletament). Les coixeses en recria (7.8%) van reduir (P<0.05) el guany mig diari (GMD). A més, s’observà una major (P<0.01) prevalença en Con (14.8%) que TM (2.0%), Met (5.3%), o TM+Met (6.5%). En reproductores, les coixeses varen presentar 21% de prevalença. Al deslletament, Con presentava major (20.8%, P<0.01) prevalença que TM (6.5%), Met (11.1%), o TM+Met (7.6%). Al Capítol IV, una sub-mostra de nul·lípares (10/tractament) finalitzant la recria (Capítol III) varen ser classificades per GMD baix (838 ± 36.3 g) o alt (922 ± 31.1 g) i s’avaluà la locomoció, OC, resistència de tíbia, mineralització metacarpiana i densitat òssia mitjançant tomografia computeritzada (escalada per densitat). El TM va augmentar (P<0,05) 0,75 mm la longitud tibial comparant amb Con i TM+Met, i una major densitat òssia que Con i Met. També, TM i Met varen presentar major (P<0.05) proporció d'os altament dens que Con. La resistència tibial i cendres en metacarp varen augmentar (P<0.05) en TM vs. Con. La valoració global de lesions d'OC va ser menor (P<0.05) en TM+Met que en Con. No obstant, la classificació per GMD no va mostrar efectes. En el Capítol V, es recriaren 240 nul·lípares sota un disseny factorial 2×2 amb: 1) control o TM+Met; i 2) lisina (Lys) estàndard (requeriments) o Lys baixa (19% menys) per estudiar coixeses, rendiment productiu i lesions de peülles (fins primer deslletament). Lys baixa no afectà al consum de pinso, però va reduir 6.35% el GMD i 3.80% el pes final comparant amb Lys estàndard (P<0.001). Les coixeses en recria (7.9%) no afectaren al creixement (P>0,05) i tampoc reduïren via dieta. En granja de reproductores, ni coixeses ni lesions de peülla van ser afectades pels tractaments dietètics. En el Capítol VI, es recriaren 100 nul·lípares sota tractament dietètic Con (control), VitA (vitamina A 18,000 UI/kg), TT (0,34 triptòfan:Lys i 0,80 treonina:Lys) i Ω3 (10 g/kg d'oli de peix), exposats a PRRSv a dia 11 post-assignació; i Sham (Con separat en instal·lacions PRRS lliures); per estudiar el creixement, la virèmia i la resposta immune. El segon dia post-infecció (dpi) s’observà 100% de virèmia. A 9 dpi, les nul·lípares cursant PRRS pesaven 7.8 kg menys que Sham. El guany 9 dpi augmentà en TT comparant amb Ω3 (P=0.036) i Con (P=0.054). També, el guany en TT va ser major (P=0.041) que en Con entre 9 i 15 dpi. La dieta no va afectar la virèmia, però IFNα i IL8 van incrementar amb VitA, i IL6 amb TT, malgrat sense presentar una relació amb el rendiment productiu. En conclusió, TM o Met reforçaren el desenvolupament d'ossos, combinats reduïren l’OC, però l’efecte en coixeses resultà contradictori entre estudis. Limitant el 19% la Lys, es reduí 6.35% el GMD però no les coixeses, tampoc combinant amb TM+Met. Els TM i/o Met durant la recria no milloraren les posteriors coixeses i lesions de peülla en truges. El TT abans i durant PRRS va millorar lleugerament el guany de pes en comparació amb Con i Ω3.Las hipótesis fueron que la suplementación dietética (con nutrientes importantes para huesos y pezuñas) y/o la reducción del ritmo de crecimiento durante la recría reduce las cojeras, osteocondrosis (OC) y lesiones de pezuñas. Además, la suplementación con ciertos nutrientes (importantes para el sistema inmune) mejoraría el rendimiento productivo en un ambiente hostil con virus del síndrome respiratorio y reproductivo porcino (PRRSv). En el Capítulo III, se recriaron 360 nulíparas utilizando cuatro dietas, Con (control); TM (10, 20 y 50 mg/kg adicionales de cobre, manganeso y zinc, respectivamente); Met (102% metionina:lisina); o TM+Met; para evaluar cojeras, rendimiento productivo y lesiones de pezuñas hasta primer destete. Las cojeras durante la recría (7.8%) redujeron (P<0.05) la ganancia media diaria (GMD). Además, se observó mayor (P<0.01) prevalencia para Con (14.8%) que TM (2.0%), Met (5.3%), o TM+Met (6.5%). La prevalencia de cojeras en las reproductoras fue el 21% y, al destete, Con presentó mayor (20.8%, P<0.01) prevalencia que TM (6.5%), Met (11.1%), o TM+ Met (7.6%). En el Capítulo IV, una sub-muestra de nulíparas (10/tratamiento) al final de recría (Capítulo III) se clasificaron por GMD baja (838 ± 36.3 g) o alta (922 ± 31.1 g) y se evaluaron la locomoción, OC, resistencia tibial, mineralización metacarpiana y densidad ósea mediante tomografía computarizada (escalada por densidad). El TM aumentó (P<0,05) 0,75 mm la longitud tibial comparado con Con y TM+Met, y mayor densidad ósea que Con y Met. También, TM y Met presentaron mayor (P<0.05) proporción de hueso de alta densidad que Con. La resistencia tibial y la cantidad de cenizas metacarpianas aumentaron (P<0.05) en TM vs. Con. La valoración de lesiones de OC fue menor (P<0.05) en TM+Met que en Con. Sin embargo, la clasificación por GMD no mostró efectos. En el Capítulo V, 240 nulíparas en un diseño factorial 2×2 con: 1) control o TM+Met; y 2) lisina (Lys) estándar (requerimientos) o Lys baja (19% menor) se estudiaron como en el Capítulo III. La Lys baja no afectó al consumo de pienso, pero redujo 6.35% la GMD y 3.80% el peso final comparando con Lys estándar (P<0.001). Las cojeras en recría (7.9%) no afectaron al crecimiento (P>0,05) y tampoco fueron afectadas por la dieta. En granja de reproductoras, el tratamiento dietético no afectó ni cojeras ni lesiones de pezuña. En el Capítulo VI, 100 nulíparas fueron recriadas bajo tratamientos dietéticos Con (control), VitA (vitamina A 18,000 UI/kg), TT (0,34 triptófano:Lys y 0,80 treonina:Lys) y Ω3 (10 g/kg de aceite de pescado) y expuestas al virus del PRRSv a día 11 post-asignación; y un quinto tratamiento Sham (Con separado en instalaciones PRRS libres). Se estudiaron el crecimiento, la viremia y la respuesta inmune. A día 2 post-infección (dpi) se observó 100% de viremia. A 9 dpi, las nulíparas cursando PRRS pesaban 7.8 kg menos que Sham. La ganancia 9 dpi aumentó en TT comparando con Ω3 (P=0.036) y Con (P=0.054). Entre 9 y 15 dpi, la ganancia de TT fue mayor (P=0.041) que Con. La dieta no afectó la viremia, pero IFNα e IL8 incrementaron con VitA, e IL6 con TT, aunque sin relación con el rendimiento productivo. En conclusión, TM o Met reforzaron el desarrollo óseo; combinados redujeron la valoración de OC, pero el efecto resultó contradictorio para las cojeras. Limitando un 19% la Lys, se redujo 6.35% la GMD pero no las cojeras, que tampoco se afectaron combinado con TM+Met. Suplementar TM y Met durante la recría no mejoró las cojeras y lesiones de pezuña en granja de reproductoras. Suplementar de TT antes y durante PRRS mejoró ligeramente la ganancia de peso en comparación con Con y Ω3.
The present PhD thesis hypothesized reductions of lameness, osteochondrosis (OC) and claw lesions due to dietary treatments (nutrients with specific roles in bone and claw development) fed to rearing gilts, and (or) by reducing growth rates. Similarly, additional nutrients (acting over the immune system) could enhance performance under hostile Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) environment. In Chapter III, 360 young gilts were reared under dietary Con (control); TM (trace minerals as additional 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg of copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively); Met (102% methionine:lysine); and TM plus Met; to evaluate lameness, performance, and claw lesions (to first parity). Gilt lameness (7.8%) reduced (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG). Gilt lameness was highest (14.8%, P<0.01) for Con compared with TM (2.0%), Met (5.3%), or TM plus Met (6.5%). On the sow farm, overall lameness increased to 21%. Con females showed highest (P< 0.01) prevalence of lameness (20.8%) than TM (6.5%), Met (11.1%), or TM plus Met (7.6%) at weaning. In Chapter IV, a subsample of heavy gilts (10/dietary treatment) finishing rearing (Chapter III) were classified for final ADG as low (838 ± 36.3 g) or high (922 ± 31.1 g) and used to study gait, OC, tibia strength, metacarpal mineralization, and using computerized tomography, whole bone density (scaled by density degree). Dietary treatment TM increased (P<0.05) 0.75 mm the tibia length vs. Con and TM plus Met, and the whole bone density vs. Con and Met. Proportion of highly dense bone increased in TM and Met vs. Con (P<0.05). Tibia strength and metacarpal ash increased (P<0.05) for TM compared with Con. Total score of gross OC lesions was lower in TM plus Met compared with Con (P<0.05). However, growth classification showed no general effects. In Chapter V, 240 gilts were used under 2×2 factorial arrangement with factors: 1) control or TM plus Met (as Chapter III); and 2) standard (requirement) lysine (Lys) or low Lys (19% lower); to evaluate lameness, performance, and claw lesions (up to first parity). Low Lys did not affect feed intake but reduced 6.35% ADG and 3.80% the final BW compared with standard (P<0.001). Gilt lameness (7.9%) did not affect growth (P>0.05), and was not affected by dietary treatments. Sow farm lameness and claw lesions were unaffected by dietary treatments. In Chapter VI, 100 PRRSv naïve gilts were distributed to 4 dietary treatments as Con (control), VitA (vitamin A 18,000 IU/kg), TT (0.34 tryptophan:Lys and 0.80 threonine:Lys), and Ω3 (10 g/kg fish oil); which were exposed to PRRSv at day 11 post-allotment; and a fifth group as Sham (Con in separate facility); to evaluate growth, viremia, and acute immunity. A 100% viremia was observed at day 2 post-infection (dpi). Positive gilts 9 dpi were 7.8 kg lighter than Sham. Gain 9 dpi increased in TT vs. Ω3 (P=0.036) and Con (P=0.054). Gain 9-to-15 dpi increased (P=0.041) in TT vs. Con. Viremia was not modulated through diet, but IFNα and IL8 increased acute for VitA and IL6 for TT, yet, without performance effects. In conclusion, TM or Met enhanced bone, combined reduced OC, but lameness resulted controversial. Reducing 19% Lys reduced growth (6.35%) but not lameness, nor combined with TM plus Met. The TM and Met during growth could not overcome sow farm lameness and claw lesions. Feeding TT before and during PRRS marginally improved early weight gain compared with Con and Ω3.
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Anderson, Joseph Edward. "Simulating epidemics in rural areas and optimizing preplanned quarantine areas using a clustering heuristic." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1474.
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Hockland, Sue. "A pragmatic approach to identifying Aphelenchoides species for plant health quarantine and pest management programmes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250716.
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The genus Aphelenchoides consists of over 140 nominal species, some of which are pathogenic to plants. Nematologists in statutory and other diagnostic laboratories need to be able to distinguish pathogens with confidence if financial losses and unnecessary chemical control are to be avoided, but no complete key to this genus has been available to date. A revised list of species was produced, deleting descriptions considered too poor for subsequent recognition. Key diagnostic characters were identified and promising features for future diagnostic use were investigated. A polytomous key (polykey) was developed and tested on 14 populations. The findings contributed to a further reduction in the number of valid species from a diagnostician's point of view, and also led to revisions of the polykey itself as key characters were tested for their distinguishing power. The primary key characters were identified as the length of the post-vulval sac (pvs) as a percentage of the distance between the vulva and the anus, the shape of the tail terminus and tail, body length, and the ratios `a' (body length divided by greatest body width) and `c' (body length divided by tail length). Promising key characters for the future are c' (tail length divided by body width at the anus or cloaca), the distance from the vulva to the anus, vulval body width, pvs length as a measure of the vulval body width, head width and all measurements associated with the median bulb. The polykey provides the essential foundation for the development of new diagnostic tools, including new keys for diagnostic use; preliminary work with molecular techniques showed promise for inclusion in diagnostic protocols, but further study will be required to develop reliable methodology for each of the economically important species. Nominators of new species should use the recording form to provide details of morphological and morphometric characters and compare resulting polycodes with others in the polykey and associated databases before publication. Likewise, the key should continue to be tested for its validity.
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Hughes, Shana. "Risk and HIV-serodiscordant Couples in Porto Alegre, Brazil: "Normal" Life and the Semantic Quarantine." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4510.
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The objective of this research was to develop a holistic understanding of how risk, especially the risk of HIV transmission, is constructed and negotiated in the daily lives of a group of heterosexual, HIV-serodiscordant couples in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Couples serodiscordant for HIV are those in which one partner is infected and the other is not. Data were gathered through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with serodiscordant couples, as well as key informants in HIV/AIDS-related civil society, government, and biomedical practitioners in Porto Alegre. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and relevant study materials were coded and subjected to thematic and ethnographic discourse analysis. Many studies of HIV/AIDS assume that risk is a natural fact, objectively verifiable and meaningfully quantitative, but this dissertation problematized such constructions, seeing risk for HIV and the condition of serodiscordance as contingent and polysemic. This research also examined participating couples' experiences with HIV for evidence of commodification or practices of biomedically-mediated citizenship.
The main finding of this study indicates that the sociocultural management of seropositivity is much more challenging than its relatively unproblematic biomedical management might lead one to expect, primarily due to the pervasiveness of AIDS-related stigma. Participating serodiscordant couples evidenced attempts to manage this stigma through recourse to a suite of linguistic strategies I call the "semantic quarantine," which discursively isolates the relationship and its constituent members from lexical elements associated with stigmatized identities. The ultimate goal of the quarantine is to create a reality where these couples' intimate relationships are stripped of their threatening connotations, and constitute a "livable love."
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FARIA, JOSE T. "Utilizacao da radiacao gama como um processo quarentenario para o 'Bicho Furao', Ecdytolopha aurantiana (Lima, 1927) (Lepidoptera-Tortricidae) em laranja pera (citrus sinensis)...qualidade dos frutos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1997. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10682.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Грибачова, Ірина Петрівна, Ирина Петровна Грибачева, and Iryna Petrivna Hrybachova. "Правові наслідки визнання форс-мажорних обставин внаслідок карантинних заходів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/79028.
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Встановлення карантинних заходів суттєво обмежує діяльність, як суб’єктів господарювання так і звичайних осіб. Неможливість ведення господарської діяльності, отримання прибутку, вчасного розрахування з кредиторами призводить до значних порушень договірних зобов’язань, і як наслідок застосуванняцивільно-правової відповідальності. Але сторони не могли передбачити встановлення таких обмежувальних заходів при укладенні договорів, тому такі обставини мають неминучий характер, зумовлений зовнішніми факторами, які слід трактувати як непереборна сила, тим більше що тому є законодавче підтвердження.
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Patterson, Matthew Alan. "Energy Reserves in Native Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae) with and without Attached Zebra Mussels: Effects of Food Deprivation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46495.
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This project evaluated the feasibility of salvaging zebra mussel-infested freshwater mussels from their native habitat by determining 1) how zebra mussel infestation affects unionid feeding and body condition, 2) how starvation in quarantine affects body condition of unionids, and 3) what feeding regime maintain unionid condition in quarantine.
The effects of zebra mussel infestation on two mussel species were evaluated through glycogen analyses of mantle tissue and gut content analysis. Specimens of Amblema p. plicata (Say, 1817) and Quadrula p. pustulosa (I. Lea, 1831), collected from a heavily infested reach of the Ohio River in 1996, had significantly lower (p<0.05) glycogen levels than specimens collected from a low-infestation reach upstream. In 1996 and 1997, heavily infested Amblema p. plicata and Quadrula p. pustulosa had significantly less (p<0.01) organic matter and fewer algal cells in their guts than lightly infested specimens. In addition, gut contents of individual A. p. plicata contained significantly less (p<0.05) organic matter and fewer algal cells than the combined gut contents of all zebra mussels (18-33 mm in length) attached to their shells. Gut analyses also revealed significant diet overlap between native unionids and infesting zebra mussels. Thus, competitive interactions or interference by zebra mussels likely reduced unionid ingestion and consequently reduced glycogen stores.
During quarantine, unionids salvaged from a lightly infested area and starved for 30 days had glycogen levels that declined dramatically. After 30 days without supplemental feeding, mean glycogen levels of A. p. plicata declined 85%, and mean glycogen levels of Q. p. pustulosa declined 70%. Thus, feeding of unionids is necessary to maintain their condition during lengthy quarantine.
To determine the best feeding regime for unionids in quarantine, assimilation efficiencies and carbon budgets were established for the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Lea, 1829), using radio-labelled cultures of Neochloris oleoabundans (Chantanachat and Bold 1962) at three cell concentrations. Assimilation efficiencies for Villosa iris at 100,000cells/ml, 10,000 cells/ml, and 1,000 cells/ml were similar (45-56%); however, regardless of these similarities, assimilation efficiencies from this study indicate that Neochloris oleoabundans is readily assimilated (~50% AE) by Villosa iris . In addition, total assimilation was maximized at 100,000cells/ml, which indicates that Villosa iris has the greatest amount of energy available for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of condition in captivity at this cell concentration.
During a second quarantine experiment, specimens were provided with 100,000cells/ml of N. oleoabundans twice per day. Initial mean glycogen levels for Amblema p. plicata (9.4 + 2.4 mg/g) and Quadrula p. pustulosa collected from ORM 175.5 in July 1997 were not significantly different (p>0.3) than the mean glycogen levels of A. p. plicata and Q. p. pustulosa collected from the same site in July 1996. Glycogen stores of unionids entering quarantine, therefore, were similar in both the starvation and controlled feeding experiments. After 7, 14, and 30 days of controlled feeding in quarantine, mean glycogen levels of A. p. plicata and Q. p. pustulosa did not change significantly (p>0.1). Thus, quarantine protocol for salvaged native mussels should include the feeding of algae to captive specimens to sustain glycogen levels prior to relocation.
Master of Science
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Daranas, Boadella Núria. "Biological control of quarantine bacterial plant diseases with Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Improvement of fitness and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666181.
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The fruit production is threatened by several bacterial diseases, such as fire blight of apple and pear, bacterial canker of kiwifruit, bacterial spot of stone fruits, and angular leaf spot of strawberry. The conventional pesticides that are available for the control of these diseases are mainly copper compounds and they have a limited efficacy and negative impact on environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and sustainable management tools. This Ph.D. Thesis contributes to the development of a novel microbial biopesticide based on lactic acid bacteria. Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains were selected due to their broad-spectrum activity. In order to improve the epiphytic survival of both strains in plants and to get more consistency in their biocontrol efficacy, a physiological adaptive strategy was defined to increase the water-stress tolerance. Also, a monitoring method was developed to evaluate the population dynamics of a L. plantarum strain.La producció de fruita està afectada per diferents malalties bacterianes de quarantena com el foc bacterià de les pomeres i pereres, el xancre bacterià del kiwi, la taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol i la taca angular de les fulles de maduixera. Els plaguicides disponibles pel seu control són principalment compostos cúprics els quals tenen una eficàcia limitada i un impacte negatiu en el medi ambient. Existeix la necessitat de desenvolupar eines de control alternatives i més sostenibles. Aquesta tesi contribueix en el desenvolupament d’un bioplaguicida microbià basat en bacteris de l’àcid làctic. Es van seleccionar dues soques de Lactobacillus plantarum amb activitat d’ampli espectre i es va definir una estratègia fisiològica d’adaptació per incrementar la tolerància a l’estrès per manca d’aigua i així millorar la supervivència epifítica a la planta. També es va desenvolupar un mètode de monitoratge per avaluar les dinàmiques poblacionals d’una soca de L. plantarum.
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CRUZ, JULIANA N. da. "Estudo de tratamentos fitossanitarios na manga (mangifera indica L.) para exportacao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9518.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ramasodi, Robert Mooketsa. "Pest risk analysis on hand luggage at OR Tambo International Airport a case study of flights from Cameroon, India and Kenya /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-104221.
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Atkinson, Joseph Logan. "Through the telescopic lens of literature, social life and the reform of English quarantine law, 1665-1722." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26898.pdf.
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Maglen, Krista. "Intercepting infection : quarantine, the Port Sanitary Authority and immigration in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Britain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366208.
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Hildreth, Aaron M. "ESTABLISHMENT OF SEROLOGICAL REFERENCE RANGES FOR ELK IN KENTUCKY AND EFFECTS OF QUARANTINE AND TRANSLOCATION ON ELK." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/36.
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Establishing blood serum profiles is important for understanding animal disease ecology and nutrition, the effects of capture and immobilization, and general physiological variation among individuals and populations. Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) have been successfully translocated to several states for reintroduction or population augmentation, including most recently in Kentucky, where over the course of three years (2011-13) wild elk were captured, temporarily quarantined, and subsequently moved to Missouri and Virginia to establish populations in those states. I used this opportunity to collect a variety of biological samples, including blood from which I present and compare serological profiles for a variety of elk age and sex classes. Additionally, I took the opportunity to investigate the effects of the translocation process on some morphological and physiological parameters of elk. Quarantine and processing of elk can be stressful for animals and lead to injury or death. I characterized how elk respond to this process by measuring biochemical serum values along with various physiological parameters at 5 handling events from the time of capture until final transport to recipient states. Changes observed in parameters between paired workups were indicative of the physical exertion and stress associated with handling activities.
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Atkinson, Joseph Logan Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Through the telescopic lens of literature; social life and the reform of English quarantine law 1665-1722." Ottawa, 1997.
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Wills, John Trevelyan. "The development and use of environmental health indicators for epidemiology and policy applications : a geographical analysis." Thesis, University of Northampton, 1998. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2703/.
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This thesis examines the development and use of environmental health indicators for epidemiology, risk assessment and policy applications from a geographical perspective. Although indicators have traditionally been used to examine temporal trends, the development of environmental health indicators (EHIs) may enable comparisons to be made between areas with contrasting environmental health conditions, support efforts to highlight ‘hot spots’ and facilitate the analysis of spatial patterns in environmental health conditions and health risk. The use of environmental health indicators is relatively new and little research has been conducted in this area. In the light of this, this thesis examines EHIs in the context of contemporary developments in environmental indicators, health-related and quality of life indicators, and indicators of sustainable development. Essential characteristics and requirements for EHIs are identified and the main areas of application are discussed. In the second part of the thesis, the development and use of Effis for evaluating exposure to traffic-related air pollution is examined, using GIS techniques. Potential indicators of exposure are identified and these are applied at a range of spatial scales, along with a number of additional measures. The results of this exercise show that although exposure to traffic-related air pollution is both difficult and costly to evaluate, proxy measures may be used. Pollutant concentrations, for example are frequently used to assess exposure, yet the lack of suitable data may also frequently preclude their use. Whilst other, cruder measures may be used, the relationship between these indicators, measured concentration and exposure is often uncertain. Consequently, EHIs for exposure to traffic-related air pollution may not provide a reliable indication of exposure and health risk. Their use in this area should therefore be undertaken with great caution and attempts made to validate specific measures prior to their use. At the same time, however, coarser ‘upstream’ indicators may provide relevant information in a policy context. For use in highlighting areas of concern, raising awareness about environmental health issues and encouraging policies which aim to improve environmental health conditions, ease of data collection and relation to policy may be more important than relation to specific health effects
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Davis, Heather Ann. "Current and future challenges of preventing outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32500.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Alison Paige Adams
Avian influenza (AI) is a zoonotic disease that has garnered much attention in recent years due to its detrimental effects on poultry, producers and potentially human health. This disease can be extremely fatal to domestic poultry, killing as high as 90-100% of the flock. This virus has the potential to cause devastation to and loss of entire flocks. AI is typically spread between wild fowl and domestic poultry with a zoonotic potential to also affect human health as well as other animals. Its spread also has a massive economic impact due to the decreased amounts of available poultry products to consumers around the world. This report will examine the worldwide history and epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). In the last ninety-two years, there have been five recorded outbreaks of HPAI in the United States (US). Globally, notable outbreaks have occurred in Italy (1997-2001), the Dutch region of Europe (2003), Canada (2004), and more recently, in Asia. Preventative measures will be examined in this report. In particular, biosecurity, quarantine, surveillance, and eradication are some of the most widely recognized and accepted ways to help prevent and control HPAI outbreaks. However, none of these methods are failsafe strategies to completely prevent or control the spread of HPAI. This report will focus on an additional preventative measure - currently available and potential future vaccination programs. There is a global shift toward procuring poultry that are AI-free as well as unvaccinated for AI. This is, in part, due to the limitations of currently available vaccines in completely ridding poultry of this disease. Vaccinations may reduce the amount of virus in infected birds, but this does not prevent birds from becoming infected. When addressing the control and eradication of HPAI, some future challenges include viral mutations, intermingling of domesticated and wild birds, and vaccine development. Because of the current limitations of vaccines and future challenges in controlling the spread of infection, there is no one single solution to this problem. It will require a multi-faceted approach.
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Dechaine, Andrew Chase. "Phenology, impact, and rearing of Lycorma delicatula (White) (Spotted Lanternfly) in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102930.
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The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a new invasive insect from Asia that is currently spreading in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US, where it has become a pest of economic concern for many industries in their invaded range. The purpose of this research was to document L. delicatula phenology in Virginia, their feeding impact to trees, and to test a rearing protocol in quarantine laboratory conditions.
First, using field plots and weekly observational surveys, L. delicatula phenology was documented in 2019 and 2020 in Winchester, Virginia. I showed that L. delicatula were active from late April into November for each sampling year, and that the timing of life stage events varied only slightly between years. I also calculated cumulative average growing degree days for each life stage event using a lower developmental threshold of 10°C. Additionally, I confirmed that the host range of L. delicatula narrows as they progress through development. These results will help growers and land managers develop integrated pest management plans targeting L. delicatula.
Second, dendrochronological methods were used to quantify L. delicatula feeding injury to Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), Juglans nigra L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae), and Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae). Two sites in Pennsylvania that have experienced high populations and heavy feeding pressure from L. delicatula since 2016 were used to collect tree cores for analysis. I found evidence suggesting L. delicatula is capable of reducing the growth of A. altissima, but did not find the same evidence in the wood of the other tree species tested. Additionally, I found evidence that systemic insecticide treatments may reduce or prevent damage to A. altissima fed on by L. delicatula. Additional dendrochronological studies on the damage inflicted by L. delicatula feeding could shed light on the long-term impact of this new invasive tree pest.
Lastly, a protocol for rearing L. delicatula was tested inside Virginia Tech's Insect Quarantine Laboratory. Three different cuttings of A. altissima (apical meristems, epicormic shoots, and field collected foliage) were tested to determine the best food source for L. delicatula in quarantine laboratory conditions. Overall, I did not find a significant difference between food treatments, however a greater proportion of third instars developed into fourth instars in the apical meristem treatment. I suggest future L. delicatula rearing research include the use of potted plants and/or multiple species. Though I had low success in rearing adult L. delicatula to produce egg masses, this method may prove useful for rearing early instars from eggs or sustaining field collected specimens for short durations.
Research expanding our knowledge of L. delicatula will help us reach our goal of more effectively managing this pest species in the future.Master of Science in Life Sciences
The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), is a new invasive pest species impacting the eastern and northeastern regions of the United States. This insect uses its straw-like mouth parts to feed on the sap of many different plants including fruit trees, grapes, and several important ornamental and timber trees. Though they do not bite or sting, feeding can result in wilting, the growth of sooty mold, and sometimes plant mortality, making them an economic and nuisance pest in their invaded range. This research primarily focused on studying the timing of the spotted lanternfly's life cycle, feeding impact to trees, and a method for raising them in the laboratory for research purposes. The life-cycle of the spotted lanternfly was documented over two growing seasons in Winchester, VA and the timing of each life stage was shown to be similar between years. Additionally, it was confirmed that the spotted lanternfly feeds on fewer host species as it develops into an adult. Tree-ring analysis was used to identify spotted lanternfly feeding injury to tree-of-heaven, black walnut, and tulip poplar. I found evidence suggesting spotted lanternfly feeding can cause reduced growth in tree-of-heaven, but did not find similar evidence in the other species tested. A laboratory colony of spotted lanternflies would prove beneficial for additional research on this insect. I tested three different types of branches cut from the tree-of-heaven to identify the best food source for spotted lanternfly in laboratory conditions. The findings of this research will help develop pest management strategies to reduce the impact of this new pest in the US.
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Білан, Юрій Валентинович, Юрий Валентинович Билан, Yurii Valentynovych Bilan, Y. O. Us, V. Nesterenko, and K. R. Huseynadze. "Prospects of tourism development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81006.
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Матеріал присвячено питанням розвитку туризму в умовах карантинних обмежень.Материал посвящен вопросам развития туризма в условиях карантина.
The material is devoted to the issues of tourism development in the conditions of quarantine restrictions.
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Andrews, Rebecca. "Memorial Markings: A study of the change over time to fonts at the Manly Quarantine station and Rookwood Cemetery." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7956.
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This thesis analyses the changes in font styles used in the historical inscriptions at the Manly Quarantine Station and Rookwood Cemetery. The changes to the fonts used at each site will be compared to the changes to fonts in other areas of society, such as printed typography and handwriting. The analysis of this change is considered to be important as the changes in font can be linked to the changes in social values, aesthetic tastes and technological development. Despite the topics potential to yield this information, studies of font change are rarely the main topic of a study. Font change is usually used as a tool for other research or is only a very small section of a larger analysis. The methods used in this thesis are those which were first used on rock art assemblages, as change over time is an important topic of study in this area. These methods have since been used to study assemblages of historical inscriptions and graffiti. As the data from both sites had dates inscribed into the writing, a study of the change over time was possible with a reasonable degree of accuracy and ease. The data from the Manly Quarantine Station was collected from Wendy Thorp’s 1983 consultancy report cataloguing the inscriptions at the site. Only the inscriptions with dates which were legible to the decade were recorded, creating a sample of 164 inscriptions. The data from Rookwood Cemetery was collected for this study by a survey of the graveyard. A sample of ten gravestones from each decade between, and inclusive of, 1860 and 1970 was collected. The data from each site was then analysed individually. The results from each site were compared with each other and with the changes to the fonts in printed media and the preferred style of handwriting that was being taught over the same time period. There were changes identified at both sites. The attributes of the fonts which showed change at both sites included the use of serifs and the technique for the creation of the inscriptions. Each of these changes was different at both sites. The capitalisation of the inscriptions as a whole did not change over time at either site. The inscriptions at the Manly Quarantine Station had a positive correlation with both the changes to printed media and the changes to the methods and styles of handwriting which was being taught at schools. The inscriptions from Rookwood Cemetery have not linked with the changed to printed media or handwriting educational practice, meaning that other influences on font change are present at the site.
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ALOI, Francesco. "Molecular methods for the diagnosis and characterization of phytopathogenic fungi of quarantine concern or causing emerging plant diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/516008.
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In the context of molecular techniques applied to Plant Pathology, this Ph.D. thesis has pursued the following major objectives: i) to develop new diagnostic protocols for fungal pathogens; ii) to study the metabolic and physiological effects determined by new and emerging fungal pathogens; iii) to contribute to develop management strategies of diseases caused by quarantine and/or emerging fungi on plant species typical of the Mediterranean region. To fulfill these objectives, the following specific studies have been developed:
• “Fusarium circinatum an emergent and quarantine pathogen of pine worldwide: its detection and its interaction with Phytophthora species (P. cambivora and P. parvispora) on Pinus radiata seedlings.” This study has been developed by two different lines of research:
“Transferability of PCR-based diagnostic protocols: An international collaborative case study assessing protocols targeting the quarantine pine pathogen, Fusarium circinatum.”
In this study, different protocols for the molecular diagnosis of F. circinatum were compared and validated for the first time in 23 laboratories spread across Europe, South Africa and Chile, in the framework of the international collaborative study funded by COST Action FP1406 “Pine pitch canker - Strategies for management of Gibberella circinata in greenhouses and forests - PINESTRENGTH ''. The protocol tested by the Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A) of the University of Catania were: (i) Real-time PCR by Lamarche et al. 2015 and (ii) real-time PCR by Luchi et al. 2018.
Results from the two tested protocols were illustrated in Ioos et al (2019), Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 8195. DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-019-44672-8.
“Co-infections by Fusarium circinatum and Phytophthora spp. on Pinus radiata, a case study of complex interactions in the Pine pitch canker disease.”
This study investigated i. the phenotypic response of pine to the infective process and ii. the relative expression levels of genes of plant encoding for pathogenetic-related proteins and antifungal secondary metabolites. Results obtained in this research showed that the phenotypic response of pine to the simultaneous action of the aforementioned pathogens it is manifested by an increasing of the severity of the symptoms at the early stages of the infection, allowing then to speculate that Phytophthora spp. can realistically contribute to the severity of the disease. Results from gene expression suggest that a real synergic effect as the result of the effects of both pathogens it is not clearly evident.
• “Scabby canker caused by Neofusicoccum batangarum (Botryosphaeriaceae), an emergent disease of Opuntia ficus-indica in minor islands around Sicily: identification of the causal agent and characterization of both its phytotoxic metabolites and the genetic variability of its local population.”
The specific objectives of this study were the following: i) determine the geographical distribution of the disease; ii) characterize N. batangarum isolates obtained from symptomatic plants of prickly pear in the smaller islands of Sicily; iii) check whether the range of potential host plants of this phytopathogenic fungus includes other Mediterranean species that could act as alternative hosts or as inoculation 'reservoir'; iv) determine the ability of N. batangarum to produce phytotoxic secondary metabolites (phytotoxins) in culture, which can play an active role in the pathogenesis of the disease; v) chemically identify the phytotoxins extracted from N. batangarum liquid filtrates and determine their phytotoxic effects on the host plant as well as on non-host plant species. In cross-pathogenicity tests, N. batangarum isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica plants was able to reproduce disease symptoms on the host plant and also infect other plant species. The fungus artificially inoculated by wounding induced cancers on several hosts. This result indicates that the pathogen has a very wide range of potential hosts. Six phytotoxins were obtained and identified from Neofusicoccum batangarum culture filtrates: (-) - (R) ‐mellein (1); (±) ‐botriisocoumarin A (2); (-) - (3R, 4R) - and (-) - (3R, 4S) ‐4 hydroxymelline (3 and 4); (-) - terpestacin (5); and (+) - 3,4 ‐ dihydro - 4,5,8 - trihydroxy - 3 - methylisocoumarin, renamed (+) - neoisocoumarin (6). All six metabolites have been shown to have phytotoxic activity on both the host and non-host plants. The most active compounds proved to be (±) ‐botriisocoumarin A (2), (-) - terpestacin (5) and (+) - neoisocoumarin (6).
Results from this study are part of two scientific publications: Masi, Mt. et al., Toxins 2020, 12, 126. DOI: 10.3390 / toxins12020126 and Aloi, F. et al., Mediterranean Phytopathology 2020, 59 (2): 269-284. DOI: 10.14601 / Phyto-11225.
• “Identification of Neofusicoccum parvum (Botryosphaeriaceae) as the causative agent of gummy cankers of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees.”
This study was aimed at identifying the causative agent of the observed disease. Neofusicoccum parvum, in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was identified as the causal agent of bot gummosis of lemon (Citrus x limon) trees, in the two major lemon-producing areas in Italy. Gummy cankers on trunk and scaffold branches of mature trees were the most typical disease symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole fungus constantly and consistently isolated from the canker bark of symptomatic lemon trees. It was identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of three loci, i. e. the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) as well as the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. The pathogenicity of N. parvum was demonstrated by wound inoculating two lemon cultivars, ‘Femminello 2kr’ and ‘Monachello’, as well as citrange (C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) ‘Carrizo’ rootstock. In artificial inoculations, the fungus was very aggressive on lemons and weakly virulent on citrange, consistently with symptoms observed in the field as a consequence of natural infections. This is the first report of N. parvum, both in a wide and in a strict taxonomic sense, as a pathogen of lemon in Italy.
• “Characterization of Alternaria species associated with heart rot of pomegranate fruit.”
This study was aimed at identifying Alternaria species associated with heart rot disease of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy and characterizing their mycotoxigenic profile. A total of 42 Alternaria isolates were characterized. They were obtained from pomegranate fruits with symptom of heart rot sampled in Apulia and Sicily and grouped into six distinct morphotypes based on macro- and microscopic features. According to multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a SCAR marker (OPA10-2), 38 isolates of morphotypes 1 to 5 were identified as A. alternata, while isolates of morphotype 6, all from Sicily, clustered within the A. arborescens species complex. In particular, isolates of morphotype 1, the most numerous, clustered with the ex-type isolate of A. alternata, proving to belong to morphotype alternata. No difference in pathogenicity on pomegranate fruits was found between isolates of A. alternata and A. arborescens and among A. alternata isolates of different morphotypes. The toxigenic profile of isolates varied greatly: in vitro, all 42 isolates produced tenuazonic acid and most of them other mycotoxins including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin.
• “Shoot dieback of citrus, a new disease caused by Colletotrichum species.”
This study was aimed at identifying the Colletotrichum species associated with twig and shoot dieback of citrus, a new disease occurring in the Mediterranean region and also reported as emerging in California. Overall, 119 Colletotrichum isolates were characterized. They were recovered from symptomatic trees of sweet orange, mandarin and mandarin-like during a survey of citrus groves in Albania and Sicily (southern Italy). The isolates were grouped into two distinct morphotypes. The grouping of isolates was supported by phylogenetic sequence analysis of two genetic markers, the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUB2). The groups were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. karstii, respectively. The former accounted for more than 91% of isolates, while the latter was retrieved only occasionally in Sicily. Both species induced symptoms on artificially wound inoculated twigs. C. gloeosporioides was more aggressive than of C. karstii. Winds and prolonged drought were the factor predisposing to Colletotrichum twig and shoot dieback. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii as causal agents of twig and shoot dieback disease in the Mediterranean region and the first report of C. gloeosporioides as a citrus pathogen in Albania.
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Roberts, Stephen L. "Catching the flu : syndromic surveillance, algorithmic governmentality and global health security." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/73582/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis offers a critical analysis of the rise of syndromic surveillance systems for the advanced detection of pandemic threats within contemporary global health security frameworks. The thesis traces the iterative evolution and ascendancy of three such novel syndromic surveillance systems for the strengthening of health security initiatives over the past two decades: 1) The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED-mail); 2) The Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN); and 3) HealthMap. This thesis demonstrates how each newly introduced syndromic surveillance system has become increasingly oriented towards the integration of digital algorithms into core surveillance capacities to continually harness and forecast upon infinitely generating sets of digital, open-source data, potentially indicative of forthcoming pandemic threats. This thesis argues that the increased centrality of the algorithm within these next-generation syndromic surveillance systems produces a new and distinct form of infectious disease surveillance for the governing of emergent pathogenic contingencies. Conceptually, the thesis also shows how the rise of this algorithmic mode of infectious disease surveillance produces divergences in the governmental rationalities of global health security, leading to the rise of an algorithmic governmentality within contemporary contexts of Big Data and these surveillance systems. Empirically, this thesis demonstrates how this new form of algorithmic infectious disease surveillance has been rapidly integrated into diplomatic, legal, and political frameworks to strengthen the practice global health security – producing subtle, yet distinct shifts in the outbreak notification and reporting transparency of states, increasingly scrutinized by the algorithmic gaze of syndromic surveillance.
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Cruz, Juliana Nunes da. "Estudo de tratamentos fitossanitários na manga (Mangífera indica L.) para exportação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-12082011-092015/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e comparar o comportamento químico e físico-químico da manga cv. Tommy Atkins submetida aos tratamentos hidrotérmico e a irradiação nas doses 0,4 kGy e 1,0 kGy, a fim de complementar os estudos feitos por SABATO et al (2009) no teste de transporte real de mangas irradiadas do Brasil para o Canadá. Esses estudos permitiram comparar o desempenho da irradiação com o tratamento térmico quanto à preservação das características da manga destinada à exportação. Para tanto as mangas foram divididas em grupos: controle; banho térmico (46°C por 90 min); dose 0,4 kGy e dose 1,0 kGy. Os frutos foram mantidos em câmara fria (11°C ± 2) por 14 dias, e, posteriormente, a temperatura ambiente (23°C ±2) até o fim de sua vida útil. Durante o período de armazenamento a baixa temperatura, as análise foram realizadas em intervalos de 7 dias; e a cada 3 dias, quando mantidos a temperatura ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a dose de 1,0 kGy foi o único grupo que manteve os frutos com a coloração da casca no estágio 3 durante todo período do experimento, porém promoveu uma maior perda de textura e degradação nos teores de acidez total titulável nos frutos ainda verdes. Notou-se que somente o grupo controle apresentou teores mais altos de ácido cítrico e succínico no último dia de experimento. Não houve diferenças significativas nos valores de sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares totais e avaliação de massa fresca em relação aos tratamentos avaliados. A análise de observação visual indicou que o grupo do banho térmico foi o que obteve o maior número de descarte dos frutos por decomposição com, aproximadamente, 55%. Concluiu-se que a irradiação é mais efetiva para a preservação da qualidade de mangas cv. Tommy Atkins, diminuindo o surgimento de podridões ou murchamento em relação ao tratamento térmico. Entretanto, a preservação da qualidade extrínseca do fruto não é concomitantemente influenciada pelas suas características intrínsecas, uma vez que, internamente, os frutos continuam seu amadurecimento normal, independente da dose aplicada.The purpose of the present study was to verify and compare the chemical and physical-chemical behaviour of mango cv. Tommy Atkins subjected to hydrothermal treatment and irradiation at doses 0.4 and 1.0 kGy, to complement the studies by SABATO et al (2009) in the real transport of irradiated mangoes from Brazil to Canada. These studies allowed to compare the performance of irradiation with heat treatment on the preservation of the characteristics of mango for export. For these reason fruits were divided into groups: control, heat bath (46 ° C for 90 min), at dose 0.4 kGy and at dose 1.0 kGy. The fruits were stored at low temperature (11 ° C ± 2) for 14 days, and then at room temperature (23 ° C ± 2) until the end of its useful life. During the period of cold storage the analysis were performed at intervals of 7 days and every 3 days when kept at room temperature. The results indicated that the dose of 1.0 kGy was the only group that kept the fruit with the skin color on stage 3 throughout the experimental period, but provided a greater loss of texture degradation and the levels of total acidity in the fruits with green skin. It was noted that only the control group showed higher levels of citric acid and succinic acid in the last day of the experiment. There were no significant differences in soluble solids, total sugars and evaluation of weight in relation to treatments. The analysis of visual observation indicated that the heat bath group was the one with the highest number of fruit drop by decomposition with approximately 55%. It was concluded that irradiation is more effective in preserving the quality of mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins, reducing the appearance of rot or shriveling in relation to heat treatment. However, the preservation of the skin of fruit is not concurrently influenced by its intrinsic nature, since, internally, the fruits continue their normal maturation, independent of the applied dose.
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Galindo, Valer Fabiola Alejandra, and Quispe Luisa Katherine Guzmán. "Requisitos a superar de la Normativa Restrictiva de la Unión Europea con respecto a la mosca de la fruta, impuesta a los agroexportadores de mangos desde el 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652822.
Full textAbstract:
Una de las medidas de proteccionismo de los países frente a las importaciones de productos vegetales es el requerimiento de certificación sanitaria, con la finalidad de proteger al país frente al posible ingreso de plagas cuarentenarias. La mosca de la fruta es una de las plagas más perjudiciales económicamente a nivel mundial, en vista de que ocasiona pérdidas anuales del total de producción agrícola de los países hospedantes. De igual forma, los agricultores de estos países se ven sumamente afectados, debido a que deben invertir en diferentes mecanismos tanto de control, como de erradicación de plagas. Nuestro país no es exento a esta plaga, por lo que en muchos casos nuestras exportaciones se han visto restringidas. El año pasado la Unión Europea impuso una serie de restricciones a la importación de mango a través de una serie de requisitos con la finalidad de que el Perú cumpla al menos con uno de ellos para que sus exportaciones de mango no se vean afectadas, los requisitos impuestos fueron país libre de la mosca de la fruta, área libre de la mosca de la fruta, parcela que durante los últimos tres meses no haya tenido rastro de la mosca de la fruta o aplicar un tratamiento eficaz. En la presente investigación buscamos analizar cada uno de estos requisitos y establecer a cuál de ellos debería acogerse nuestro país.One of the protectionist measures of the countries against imports of plant products is the requirement of sanitary certification, in order to protect the country against the possible entry of quarantine pests. The fruit fly is one of the most economically damaging pests in the world, since it causes annual losses of the total agricultural production of the host countries. Similarly, farmers in these countries are highly affected, because they must invest in different mechanisms, both for control and eradication of pests. Our country is not exempt from this plague, which is why in many cases our exports have been restricted. Last year the European Union imposed a series of restrictions on mango imports through a series of requirements in order for Peru to comply with at least one of them so that its mango exports are not affected; the requirements imposed were fruit fly free country, fruit fly free area, piece of ground that for the last three months we have had no trace of fruit fly or applied effective treatment.. In the present investigation, we seek to analyze each of these requirements and establish which of them should be accepted by our country.
Tesis
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Okin, Peter Oliver. "The Yellow Flag of Quarantine: An Analysis of the Historical and Prospective Impacts of Socio-Legal Controls Over Contagion." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4190.
Full textAbstract:
Under the ancient threat of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, human societies have responded for thousands of years by imposing social containment measures. Even before theorists and laymen recognized the existence of pathogenic organisms, or fully understood the principles of contagion, many societies and individuals did empirically infer that such diseases were transmissible from human to human (as well as sometimes between animals and humans). Having few effective technological measures to prevent or treat contagions, they did devise a variety of socio-behavioral procedures for separating overtly ill persons or suspected disease-carriers from nominally uninfected people. These methods included various kinds of quarantines and isolations. By the early years of the American republic, all of the states and many other jurisdictions had the legal power to impose them, and they have long remained on the codebooks of much of the country even as secular trends and bio-scientific advances appeared to reduce the dangers of epidemic disease in the
Developed World. In recent years, however, there has been a recognized resurgence of infectious diseases in Western countries, and such developments as microbial resistance to antibiotics are threatening present-day control technologies. Under these circumstances, it is hypothesized here that societies must plan for the renewed usage of the ancient socio-legal contagion-controls, including quarantines and isolations, at least as part of a multi-pronged response to the renewed challenge of epidemics. However, the existing quarantine/isolation laws do not universally reflect modern scientific understandings of disease processes, and they have always conflicted with other socioethical and litical "goods" such as individual liberties and commerce.
Thus, it is submitted here that it has become crucial to
understand the historic character of quarantine-type measures on a
"macro" plane, in order to learn from past errors, and to help develop
modern quarantine/isolation laws and practices that reflect current
bioscientific and legal thinking. The instant Dissertation analyzes the
longstanding system of socio-legal controls over contagion, presenting a hypothetical structure that distinguishes them along several "Dimensions." In addition, it presents a functional schema that would help public health policy-makers, legislative drafters, and
administrators to address individual contagions in terms of another set of "Dimensions," which would be more responsive to evolving bioscientific and jurisprudential thought. To that end, this Dissertation presents a simple Algorithm that can be utilized when developing contagion-control laws that can be closely fitted to particular contagions, their specific manifestations, and their epidemic phases.
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Сухонос, Володимир Вікторович, Владимир Викторович Сухонос, Volodymyr Viktorovych Sukhonos, and Ю. В. Волочай. "Колізія конституційних та підзаконних норм в умовах карантину." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77890.
Full textAbstract:
Відповідно до ситуації у світі і країні, тема, яка стосується карантину, є дійсно
актуальною. Тему її, звісно, зараз обговорюють дуже активно, як в суспільстві, так і на
політичному рівні. Саме тому було б доречним дослідити співставлення законодавчих
актів, щодо встановлення карантину в Україні та мір протидії поширення на території
України гострої респіраторної хвороби COVID-19 з моделлю демократичної країни.
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Dotsenko, O. "COVID-19 Tracing Applications:is There any Privacy Threat?" Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48810.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious challenges of present world. With the increasing number of infected people to millions and the long process of vaccine creation, the latest information technologies are becoming the means of combating the spread of the disease. Thus, in many countries to combat the virus mobile applications for monitoring compliance with the regime of self-isolation and observation have become popular. But in order to counteract the disease, it is necessary to find out with whom virus carriers came into contact and what places they visited, that causes the possibility of collection personal information (personal data, location data, etc.) by such applications via Bluetooth and / or GPS data or WI-FI points.
However, despite of the importance of using these applications to prevent the spread of coronavirus, the question arises whether they pose a threat to privacy.
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Fuller, Ashley Dawn. "An Agent-Based Model to Study the Spread and Control of Epidemics." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/931.
Full textAbstract:
The world continues to face outbreaks of disease due to natural causes as well as the threat of biological warfare. Mathematical modeling provides an avenue by which to predict and ultimately prevent widespread outbreaks. A wide variety of modeling tools have been used in the study of the spread of diseases, including Ordinary Differential Equations, Partial Differential Equations, and Difference Equations. In this study, an agent-based model is used to study the spread and control of epidemics and is based on Sirakoulis, et al. [1]. The computer program NetLogo [2] is used for simulation. The development and set-up procedures for this model are fully discussed. The model is used to study the effectiveness of vaccination and quarantine as methods of epidemic control. It is determined that the most effective means of controlling an epidemic is to quarantine individuals with symptoms. In addition, the effect of the adjacent contact coefficient in the model is examined and further development and uses of the model are discussed.
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Lindfors, Camilla. "Long covid, support bubbles, and quarantine raves : Neologisms in English since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42539.
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Noemi, Barrios Iglesias, and Barrios Iglesias Noemi. "Quarantine." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107TNCA5509001%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南藝術大學
應用藝術研究所
107
QUARANTINE Quarantine is a long-term performative experiment that researches into the patterns of the standard emotional behaviour hinted by the use of geosocial dating applications such as Tinder. Etymologically, the word quarantine comes from the Latin root quarantina (forty) evolving into the sentence quaranta giorni (forty days), the period of time where originally Venetians customarily kept ships from plague-ridden countries waiting off port. Nowadays, the word is still used to refer to a period of strict isolation of 40 days to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Venkata, Hari Krishna G., and Shanti Swamp A. Mohan. "Quarantine Information System (QIS)." Thesis, 1999. http://oar.icrisat.org/978/1/62533.pdf.
Full text
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Lee, Hsin-Hsuan, and 李欣璇. "Establishing Quarantine System in Late Qing China." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67182336146510660083.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
歷史學系
103
This thesis investigates the establishment of quarantine system of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service in Late Qing China between 1873 and 1911, exploring the establishment and implementation of quarantine system and highlights certain features that have been neglected in contemporary scholarship. Through the improvement and network of quarantine system this study illuminates closely the quarantine system not only reveals the function of disease prevention, but acts as a vital hub of tropical disease information. Focusing on the operation of quarantine system, this study aims to illustrate the extensive of knowledge network via civil and governmental means between China and global. This work also aims to reconstruct the big picture of operation and information network of quarantine system in late Qing China. Besides of introduction and motive of doing the research in Chapter One, Chapter Two begins to explore the establishment of quarantine system and its background. Through the case studies of the Shanghai and Amoy Custom Houses, Chapter Three illuminates the implementation of the quarantine regulations; moreover, this chapter also examines the efficacy of the quarantine system. Applying the Actor Network Theory in Chapter Four to explore the network of tropical disease information between China and the world, moreover, this chapter also shows how the customs system transform actual symptoms into knowledge of tropical medicine. Finally, Chapter Five concludes the thesis by the efficacy of quarantine system and the network of disease information between China and overseas countries. In sum, the study sheds light on understanding the implementation of quarantine system in late Qing China. This thesis also sheds more light on a sheer interlock between China and the world which was through prevention of contagious diseases and communication of disease information. This thesis expected that the role of quarantine system in contagious disease prevention network, and the research progress of tropical disease in Asia and the world would be found more interesting and astonishing in the field of history.