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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum well detector'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Goossen, K. W., and S. A. Lyon. "Grating enhanced quantum well detector." Applied Physics Letters 47, no. 12 (December 15, 1985): 1257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.96434.

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2

Goossen, K. W., S. A. Lyon, and K. Alavi. "Photovoltaic quantum well infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 52, no. 20 (May 16, 1988): 1701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99022.

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3

CHOI, K. K. "CORRUGATED QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AND ARRAYS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 03 (September 2002): 715–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915640200168x.

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Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have many advantages in infrared detection, mainly due to the mature III-V material technology. The employment of the corrugated light-coupling scheme further improves the technology for its simplicity and efficiency. A C-QWIP enjoys the same flexibility as a detector with intrinsic normal incident absorption. In this chapter, we will discuss the sensitivity of C-QWIPs and their utilities in infrared detection, material characterization and electromagnetic modeling. Besides the standard corrugated structures, other exploratory detector architectures will also be described.
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4

Parihar, S. R., S. A. Lyon, M. Santos, and M. Shayegan. "Voltage tunable quantum well infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 55, no. 23 (December 4, 1989): 2417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102032.

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5

Goossen, K. W., and S. A. Lyon. "Performance aspects of a quantum‐well detector." Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 10 (May 15, 1988): 5149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340417.

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6

Goossen, K. W., S. A. Lyon, and K. Alavi. "Grating enhancement of quantum well detector response." Applied Physics Letters 53, no. 12 (September 19, 1988): 1027–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100054.

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7

Rogalski, A. "Quantum well photoconductors in infrared detector technology." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 8 (April 15, 2003): 4355–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1558224.

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8

Dafu, Cui, Chen Zhenghao, Zhou Yueliang, Lu Huibin, Xie Yuanlin, and Yang Guozhen. "Quantum well infrared detector with grating enhancement." Infrared Physics 32 (January 1991): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0891(91)90095-w.

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9

Dong, Tianyang, Yizhe Yin, Xiaofei Nie, Pengkang Jin, Tianxin Li, Honglou Zhen, and Wei Lu. "Narrow-band and peak responsivity enhanced metal microcavity quantum well infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 7 (August 15, 2022): 073507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099568.

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The integration of narrow-band and spectral detection capabilities on pixel-level detectors is widely expected for compact infrared gas detection. This imposes great challenges on the detector performance, as the device response must precisely match with the gas absorption spectrum while also collecting enough signals in a limited spectral range to maintain high detection sensitivity. In this paper, a pixel-level narrow-band high quantum efficiency metal microcavity quantum well infrared photodetector (MC-QWIP) working around 10.6 μm is designed and fabricated. The device shows good narrow-band characteristics (200–550 nm) and high peak responsivity (at least eight times stronger than the reference device with 45° edge facet). The results of experiments and numerical simulations show that several different resonance modes with peak wavelengths close to the intrinsic detection wavelength can be obtained by changing the width of the microcavity. The response bandwidth of the device can be controlled by changing resonance modes, while the resonant wavelength can be fine-tuned by the width of the microcavity. This indicates that the MC-QWIP device has good prospects in narrow-band gas detection and narrow-band differential detection.
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10

You, Lixing. "Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (June 22, 2020): 2673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0186.

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AbstractThe superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is a quantum-limit superconducting optical detector based on the Cooper-pair breaking effect by a single photon, which exhibits a higher detection efficiency, lower dark count rate, higher counting rate, and lower timing jitter when compared with those exhibited by its counterparts. SNSPDs have been extensively applied in quantum information processing, including quantum key distribution and optical quantum computation. In this review, we present the requirements of single-photon detectors from quantum information, as well as the principle, key metrics, latest performance issues, and other issues associated with SNSPD. The representative applications of SNSPDs with respect to quantum information will also be covered.
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11

Karunasiri, R. P. G., J. S. Park, and K. L. Wang. "Si1−xGex/Si multiple quantum well infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 59, no. 20 (November 11, 1991): 2588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105911.

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12

Li, Chaohui, Jun Deng, Weiye Sun, Leilei He, Jianjun Li, Jun Han, and Yanli Shi. "Improvement of tunnel compensated quantum well infrared detector." Journal of Semiconductors 40, no. 12 (December 2019): 122902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/40/12/122902.

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13

Vinter, B. "Detectivity of a three-level quantum-well detector." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 30, no. 1 (1994): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.272068.

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14

Jiang, Fengqiu, and Yuyu Bu. "GaN/AlN Multi-Quantum Wells Infrared Detector with Short-Wave Infrared Response at Room Temperature." Sensors 22, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 4239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114239.

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GaN-based quantum well infrared detectors can make up for the weakness of GaAs-based quantum well infrared detectors for short-wave infrared detection. In this work, GaN/AlN (1.8 nm/1.8 nm) multi-quantum wells have been epitaxially grown on sapphire substrate using MBE technology. Meanwhile, based on this device structure, the band positions and carrier distributions of a single quantum well are also calculated. At room temperature, the optical response of the device is 58.6 μA/W with a bias voltage of 0.5 V, and the linearity between the optical response and the laser power is R2 = 0.99931. This excellent detection performance can promote the research progress of GaN-based quantum well infrared detectors in the short-wave infrared field.
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15

HORING, N. J. M., S. Y. LIU, V. V. POPOV, and H. L. CUI. "TUNABLE GRID GATED DOUBLE-QUANTUM-WELL FET TERAHERTZ DETECTOR." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 01 (March 2008): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005229.

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Several aspects of the theory of plasmon resonant DC photoconduction are discussed here, in connection with recent observations involving a THz-irradiated grid-gated double-quantum-well FET.1 In this, we construct a classical model of nonlinear polarizability to second order in the THz field using a “hydrodynamic” type formulation including the roles of a stress-tensor and friction/viscosity. The resulting second order polarizability exhibits resonant behavior when the THz frequency matches plasmon frequencies of the system, sharply reducing the effectiveness of screened impurity scattering potentials which can admit resonant DC photoconduction. Furthermore, we also show that an asymmetric double-quantum-well system with lateral periodicity can mix optical and acoustic plasmons, giving rise to an interlayer THz field which becomes very strong when tuned by gate voltage into the “mode-mode-repulsion” regime wherein the optical and acoustic modes equally share amplitude. This can enhance interlayer electron tunneling and may contribute to photoconductivity.
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16

Li, Kun, Shu-Man Liu, Ning Zhuo, Jun-Qi Liu, Yi-Xuan Zhu, Kai Guo, Shen-Qiang Zhai, et al. "Quantum cascade detectors with enhanced responsivity using coupled double-well structures." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 032005. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac5500.

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Abstract We demonstrate a quantum cascade detector with two coupled double-well structures exhibiting a high peak responsivity of 166 mA W−1 for 8.2 μm detection at 80 K. The coupled double-absorption-well design offers enhanced absorption efficiency. Meanwhile, incorporating another coupled double-well structure in the extractor increases the extraction efficiency. Both factors contribute to the high performance of our device.
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17

Ebadi, Reza, Mason C. Marshall, David F. Phillips, Johannes Cremer, Tao Zhou, Michael Titze, Pauli Kehayias, et al. "Directional detection of dark matter using solid-state quantum sensing." AVS Quantum Science 4, no. 4 (December 2022): 044701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0117301.

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Next-generation dark matter (DM) detectors searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) will be sensitive to coherent scattering from solar neutrinos, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. Directional detectors improve sensitivity to WIMP DM despite the irreducible neutrino background. Wide-bandgap semiconductors offer a path to directional detection in a high-density target material. A detector of this type operates in a hybrid mode. The WIMP or neutrino-induced nuclear recoil is detected using real-time charge, phonon, or photon collection. The directional signal, however, is imprinted as a durable sub-micron damage track in the lattice structure. This directional signal can be read out by a variety of atomic physics techniques, from point defect quantum sensing to x-ray microscopy. In this Review, we present the detector principle as well as the status of the experimental techniques required for directional readout of nuclear recoil tracks. Specifically, we focus on diamond as a target material; it is both a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies and a promising component of next-generation semiconductor electronics. Based on the development and demonstration of directional readout in diamond over the next decade, a future WIMP detector will leverage or motivate advances in multiple disciplines toward precision dark matter and neutrino physics.
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18

Guzmán, A., J. M. G. Tijero, L. J. Gómez, J. Hernando, J. J. Sánchez, M. Verdú, E. Muñoz, et al. "Optical characterisation of quantum well infra-red detector structures." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 146, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:19990183.

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19

Lu, Wei, Ling Li, HongLou Zheng, WenLan Xu, and DaYuan Xiong. "Development of an infrared detector: Quantum well infrared photodetector." Science in China Series G: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy 52, no. 7 (June 2, 2009): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11433-009-0131-0.

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20

Kuroda, R. T., and E. Garmire. "Novel differentially strained p-doped quantum well infrared detector." Infrared Physics 34, no. 2 (April 1993): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0891(93)90004-q.

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21

Maimon, S., G. M. Cohen, E. Finkman, G. Bahir, D. Ritter, and S. E. Schacham. "Strain compensated InGaAs/InGaP quantum well infrared detector for midwavelength band detection." Applied Physics Letters 73, no. 6 (August 10, 1998): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122006.

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22

Das, Mahendra Kumar, and Rajesh Kumar Lal. "Modeling of Quantum Well Infrared Photo Detector for Long Wavelength Infrared Detection." IETE Journal of Research 63, no. 5 (April 28, 2017): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2017.1313138.

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23

Huo, Y., and G. W. Taylor. "Analysis of terahertz detection with a 2D hot-electron quantum well detector." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 37, no. 4 (May 20, 2003): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10885.

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24

Ye, F., D. Moss, J. G. Simmons, P. E. Jessop, D. Landheer, H. G. Champion, I. Templeton, and F. Chatenoud. "A four-channel ridge wave-guide quantum well wavelength division demultiplexing detector and its optimization." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1992): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-148.

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We present a four-channel wavelength division demultiplexing detector using the principle of quantum confined Stark effect. This device is based on a ridge waveguide GaAs–AlGaAs single quantum well graded index separate confinement heterostructure. Four detectors are fabricated sequentially along the wave guide and their band gaps are tuned to progressively smaller values by applying progressively larger reverse bias voltages. Thus each detector responds preferably to one of the four input wavelengths. For transverse electric polarization, better than −10 dB crosstalk was achieved with a 14 nm wavelength separation. When operated as a three-channel device, better than −15 dB crosstalk was achieved with a 18 nm wavelength separation. For transverse magnetic polarization, better than −10 dB crosstalk was achieved with a 16 nm wavelength separation. We also present a theoretical study that leads to the optimization of the device.
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25

Gu, L., T. Zhou, Z. Y. Tan, and J. C. Cao. "Computed tomography using a terahertz quantum cascade laser and quantum well photo-detector." Journal of Optics 15, no. 10 (August 9, 2013): 105701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/15/10/105701.

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26

Chen Yue, 岳琛, 杨浩军 Haojun Yang, 吴海燕 Haiyan Wu, 李阳锋 Yangfeng Li, 孙令 Ling Sun, 邓震 Zhen Deng, 杜春花 Chunhua Du, et al. "Fundamental researches on the quantum well interband transition detector(Invited)." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 1 (2021): 20211007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20211007.

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27

Chang Liu, 刘畅, 王健 Jian Wang, 左璇 Xuan Zuo, and 熊大元 Dayuan Xiong. "Quantum well infrared detector enhanced by local light field (Invited)." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 1 (2021): 20211009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20211009.

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28

Chen Yue, 岳琛, 杨浩军 Haojun Yang, 吴海燕 Haiyan Wu, 李阳锋 Yangfeng Li, 孙令 Ling Sun, 邓震 Zhen Deng, 杜春花 Chunhua Du, et al. "Fundamental researches on the quantum well interband transition detector(Invited)." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 1 (2021): 20211007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.7_2021-1007chenhong.

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29

Bai, Xueqi, Peng Bai, Xiaohong Li, Siheng Huang, Xinran Lian, Wenjun Song, Zhiwen Shi, Wenzhong Shen, and Yueheng Zhang. "Optical coupling enhancement of multi-color terahertz quantum well detector." Journal of Applied Physics 130, no. 20 (November 28, 2021): 203102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070519.

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30

Chang Liu, 刘畅, 王健 Jian Wang, 左璇 Xuan Zuo, and 熊大元 Dayuan Xiong. "Quantum well infrared detector enhanced by local light field (Invited)." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 1 (2021): 20211009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.10_2021-1009.

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31

Gravé, I., A. Shakouri, N. Kuze, and A. Yariv. "Voltage‐controlled tunable GaAs/AlGaAs multistack quantum well infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 60, no. 19 (May 11, 1992): 2362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107026.

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32

Hainey, Mel F., Takaaki Mano, Takeshi Kasaya, Tetsuyuki Ochiai, Hirotaka Osato, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Yoshimasa Sugimoto, et al. "Near-field resonant photon sorting applied: dual-band metasurface quantum well infrared photodetectors for gas sensing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 16 (October 8, 2020): 4775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0456.

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AbstractTwo photodetectors for measuring transmission and two bulky, separated narrowband filters for picking a target gas absorption line and a non-absorbing reference from broadband emission are typically required for dual-band non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensing. Metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) metasurface plasmon cavities, precisely controllable narrowband absorbers, suggest a next-generation, nanophotonic approach. Here, we demonstrate a dual-band MDM cavity detector that consolidates the function of two detectors and two filters into a single device by employing resonant photon sorting-a function unique to metasurfaces. Two MDM cavities sandwiching a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) with distinct resonance wavelengths are alternately arranged in a subwavelength period. The large absorption cross section of the cavities ensures ~95% efficient lateral sorting of photons by wavelength into the corresponding detector within a near-field region. The flow of incident photons is thus converted into two independent photocurrents for dual-band detection. Our dual-band photodetectors show competitive external quantum efficiencies up to 38% (responsivity 2.1 A/W, peak wavelength 6.9 5m) at 78 K. By tailoring one resonance to an absorption peak of NO2 (6.25 5m) and the other to a non-absorbing reference wavelength (7.15 5m), NDIR NO2 gas sensing with 10 ppm accuracy and 1 ms response times is demonstrated. Through experiment and numerical simulation, we confirm near-perfect absorption at the resonant cavity and suppressed absorption at its non-resonant counterpart, characteristic of resonant photon sorting. Dual-band sensing across the mid-infrared should be possible by tailoring the cavities and quantum well to desired wavelengths.
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33

Wick, Klaus. "On the Quantum Mechanical Description of the Interaction between Particle and Detector." Physics 3, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3040061.

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Quantum measurements of physical quantities are often described as ideal measurements. However, only a few measurements fulfil the conditions of ideal measurements. The aim of the present work is to describe real position measurements with detectors that are able to detect single particles. For this purpose, a detector model is developed that can describe the time dependence of the interaction between a non-relativistic particle and a detector. The example of a position measurement shows that this interaction can be described with the methods of quantum mechanics. At the beginning of a position measurement, the detector behaves as a target consisting of a large number of quantum mechanical systems. In the first reaction, the incident particle interacts with a single atom, electron or nucleus, but not with the whole detector. This reaction and all following reactions are quantum mechanical processes. At the end of the measurement, the detector can be considered as a classical apparatus. A detector is neither a quantum mechanical system nor a classical apparatus. The detector model explains why one obtains a well-defined result for each individual position measurement. It further explains that, in general, it is impossible to predict the outcome of an individual measurement.
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34

Dougakiuchi, Tatsuo, Kazuue Fujita, Toru Hirohata, Akio Ito, Masahiro Hitaka, and Tadataka Edamura. "High photoresponse in room temperature quantum cascade detector based on coupled quantum well design." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 26 (December 26, 2016): 261107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973582.

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35

PERERA, A. G. U., and S. G. MATSIK. "QUANTUM STRUCTURES FOR FAR-INFRARED DETECTION." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 03 (September 2002): 821–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915640200171x.

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FIR photon detector development starting from the extrinsic detectors for LWIR to FIR wavelengths are presented. Several other types of IR detectors, including the cut-off wavelength extension into the FIR range for quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), are summarized. Efforts in developing p-GaAs homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) far-infrared detectors and the most reason developments on GaAs/AlGaAs Heterojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HEIWIP) far-infrared detectors are presented.
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36

Weng, Qian-Chun, Zheng-Hua An, Da-Yuan Xiong, and Zi-Qiang Zhu. "Quantum Coupling Effect between Quantum Dot and Quantum Well in a Resonant Tunneling Photon-Number-Resolving Detector." Chinese Physics Letters 32, no. 10 (October 2015): 108503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/32/10/108503.

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37

Guo, Kai, Yi-Xuan Zhu, Kun Li, Jun-Qi Liu, Shen-Qiang Zhai, Shu-Man Liu, Ning Zhuo, et al. "Very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector with a twin-well absorption region." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 6 (August 8, 2022): 061101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099583.

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We report a very long wave (14 μm) infrared quantum cascade detector based on a twin-well coupled absorption region operating at temperatures up to 130 K. By introducing two coupled absorption quantum wells that have the same width, the absorption strength and responsivity of the detector are increased relative to the single-well design. At 77 K, we observe a responsivity of 4.06 mA/W at zero bias, which is 4.27 times that of the single-well counterpart. The responsivity is further optimized for reverse bias operation, so that the obstruction of space charge field to electron transport is compensated. The photocurrent reaches a maximum value at 77 K for an applied bias of −1.3 V, and responsivity as high as 23.76 mA/W, which is 5.85 times that under zero bias, is obtained.
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38

WANG Zhong-bin, 王忠斌, 温廷敦 WEN Ting-dun, 许丽萍 XU Li-ping, and 张家鑫 ZHANG Jia-xin. "Study on Quantum Well Infrared Photo-detector based on Temperature Change." OME Information 28, no. 2 (2011): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/omei20112802.0017.

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39

Rosencher, E., F. Luc, Ph Bois, and S. Delaitre. "Injection mechanism at contacts in a quantum‐well intersubband infrared detector." Applied Physics Letters 61, no. 4 (July 27, 1992): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107887.

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40

Moss, D., F. Ye, D. Landheer, P. E. Jessop, J. G. Simmons, H. G. Champion, I. Templeton, and F. Chatenoud. "Ridge waveguide quantum-well wavelength division demultiplexing detector with four channels." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 4, no. 7 (July 1992): 756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.145263.

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41

Coon, D. D., K. M. S. V. Bandara, Byungsung O, J. ‐W Choe, M. H. Francombe, Y. F. Lin, and W. J. Takei. "Modeling and performance characteristics of GaAs quantum well infrared detector structures." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 9, no. 3 (May 1991): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.577331.

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42

MIKHAILOV, S. A. "EDGE MAGNETOPLASMONS FOR A NEW TYPE OF QUANTUM-WELL MICROWAVE DETECTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2007): 1491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207043075.

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We theoretically study the wavelength and the propagation length of the edge magnetoplasmons (EMP's), running along the edge of a two-dimensional (2D) electron layer in a semiconductor quantum-well structure with and without metallic gates. We show that the metallic gate suppresses the propagation of the EMP's, but the quality factor of the wave (q′/q″, where q′ and q″ are the real and imaginary parts of the complex EMP wavevector) can be larger in the gated structures as compared to the structures without the gate. The results may be useful for analysis of operation of the recently discovered microwave detectors and spectrometers operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures (Kukushkin et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 044101 (2005)).
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43

Lee, C., S. K. Chun, and K. L. Wang. "Normal incidence detector using Ge quantum-well structures grown on Si." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 40, no. 11 (1993): 2141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.239829.

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44

KONG, LING-MIN, JIAN ZHANG, XING-KUI CHENG, CUN-XI ZHANG, and RUI WANG. "INVESTIGATION OF THE BANDWIDTH OF GaAs/AlGaAs QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 27 (October 30, 2009): 3265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909021284.

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A GaAs / AlGaAs multi-quantum well (MQW) structure has been grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and fabricated to detectors. A spectral response curve of the detector with full width at half maximum (FWHM) = 3.78 μm and peak wavelength = 9.73 μm has been obtained at a bias of E = 3 × 103 Vcm -1 at T = 77 K. We study the bandwidth of the GaAs / AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) by using effective mass approximation. It is found that the transmissivity of the electron through the potential barrier reaches its maximum value (T = 1) on the condition of resonance transmission in a multi-quantum well structure, if the energy state is defined as a conduction state when the transmissivity of electron through the potential barrier on which is bigger than 1/2, then, a series of separated conduction microbands were formed above the barriers which consist of conduction states. Under the influence of an external electric field, the conduction microbands stagger periodically among the quantum wells to form a Wannier–Stark ladder. When optical excitation occurs, electrons not only vertically transit from Fermi level EF in a quantum well to conduction microbands above the well, but also obliquely transit to the conduction microbands above the neighboring well, and the formed photocurrent peaks overlap together; consequently, the bandwidth of the photoresponsive spectrum is improved. The calculated bandwidth of the photocurrent spectrum agrees well with the measured one in our experiment.
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45

Hainey, Mel F., Takaaki Mano, Takeshi Kasaya, Tetsuyuki Ochiai, Hirotaka Osato, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Yoshimasa Sugimoto, et al. "Systematic studies for improving device performance of quantum well infrared stripe photodetectors." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (July 4, 2020): 3373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0095.

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AbstractThe integration of quantum well infrared photodetectors with plasmonic cavities has allowed for demonstration of sensitive photodetectors in the mid-infrared up to room-temperature operating conditions. However, clear guidelines for optimizing device structure for these detectors have not been developed. Using simple stripe cavity detectors as a model system, we clarify the fundamental factors that improve photodetector performance. By etching semiconductor material between the stripes, the cavity resonance wavelength was expected to blue-shift, and the electric field was predicted to strongly increase, resulting in higher responsivity than unetched stripe detectors. Contrary to our predictions, etched stripe detectors showed lower responsivities, indicating surface effects at the sidewalls and reduced absorption. Nevertheless, etching led to higher detectivity due to significantly reduced detector dark current. These results suggest that etched structures are the superior photodetector design, and that appropriate sidewall surface treatments could further improve device performance. Finally, through polarization and incidence angle dependence measurements of the stripe detectors, we clarify how the design of previously demonstrated wired patch antennas led to improved device performance. These results are widely applicable for cavity designs over a broad range of wavelengths within the infrared, and can serve as a roadmap for improving next-generation infrared photodetectors.
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GURVITZ, S. A. "QUANTUM LIMIT OF MEASUREMENT AND THE PROJECTION POSTULATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 11n13 (May 20, 2006): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206033978.

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We study an electrostatic qubit monitored by a point-contact detector. Projecting an entire qubit-detector wave function on the detector eigenstates we determine the precision limit for the qubit measurements, allowed by quantum mechanics. We found that this quantity is determined by qubit dynamics as well as decoherence, generated by the measurement. Our results show how the quantum precision limit can be improved by a proper design of a measurement procedure.
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Tate, Mark W. "CCD Based X-ray Detectors." Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001466x.

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The advent of intense synchrotron radiation sources for X-ray diffraction has made many otherwise difficult experiments feasible. The increased intensity will not he fully utilized, however, unless there are farther developments in detector technology. Improvement in detector characteristics will, of course, aid those using laboratory sources as well. For instance, construction of low noise, high, quantum efficiency detectors will reduce integration times and enable one to detect weak signals.
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Carraresi, L., E. A. De Souza, D. A. B. Miller, W. Y. Jan, and J. E. Cunningham. "Wavelength‐selective detector based on a quantum well in a standing wave." Applied Physics Letters 64, no. 2 (January 10, 1994): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111542.

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Wood, T. H., E. C. Carr, B. L. Kasper, R. A. Linke, C. A. Burrus, and K. L. Walker. "Bidirectional fibre-optical transmission using a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) modulator/detector." Electronics Letters 22, no. 10 (May 8, 1986): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860360.

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Chen, C. J., K. K. Choi, W. H. Chang, and D. C. Tsui. "Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors with polyimide planarization for detector array applications." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 45, no. 7 (July 1998): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.701472.

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