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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum waveguide theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Marinescu, N., and M. Apostol. "Quantum-Mechanical Concepts in the Waveguides Theory." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0902.

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Abstract A Klein-Gordon-type equation is derived for the wave propagation in an ideal, uniform waveguide, and its quantum-mechanical interpretation is given. The "cross-section" concept is introduced for a waveguide and the power transmission factor is obtained by using standard methods of quantum mechanics. The spinorial formalism is also employed for deriving the equivalent Dirac-type equation, and the perturbation theory is applied for computing the frequency shifts. The general applicability of the quantum-mechanical concepts to the waveguides theory is discussed

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2

Gravesen, Jens, and Morten Willatzen. "Quantum Eigenstates of Curved and Varying Cross-Sectional Waveguides." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207240.

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A simple one-dimensional differential equation in the centerline coordinate of an arbitrarily curved quantum waveguide with a varying cross section is derived using a combination of differential geometry and perturbation theory. The model can tackle curved quantum waveguides with a cross-sectional shape and dimensions that vary along the axis. The present analysis generalizes previous models that are restricted to either straight waveguides with a varying cross-section or curved waveguides, where the shape and dimensions of the cross section are fixed. We carry out full 2D wave simulations on a number of complex waveguide geometries and demonstrate excellent agreement with the eigenstates and energies obtained using our present 1D model. It is shown that the computational benefit in using the present 1D model to calculate both 2D and 3D wave solutions is significant and allows for the fast optimization of complex quantum waveguide design. The derived 1D model renders direct access as to how quantum waveguide eigenstates depend on varying cross-sectional dimensions, the waveguide curvature, and rotation of the cross-sectional frame. In particular, a gauge transformation reveals that the individual effects of curvature, thickness variation, and frame rotation correspond to separate terms in a geometric potential only. Generalization of the present formalism to electromagnetics and acoustics, accounting appropriately for the relevant boundary conditions, is anticipated.

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3

Xia, Jian-Bai. "Quantum waveguide theory for mesoscopic structures." Physical Review B 45, no. 7 (February 15, 1992): 3593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.3593.

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4

Plamenevskii, B. A., A. S. Poretskii, and O. V. Sarafanov. "Mathematical scattering theory in quantum waveguides." Доклады Академии наук 489, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524892142-146.

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A waveguide occupies a domain G with several cylindrical ends. The waveguide is described by a nonstationary equation of the form it f = Af ,where A is a selfadjoint second order elliptic operator with variable coefficients (in particular, for A = -, where stands for the Laplace operator, the equation coincides with the Schrodinger equation). For the corresponding stationary problem with spectral parameter, we define continuous spectrum eigenfunctions and a scattering matrix. The limiting absorption principle provides expansion in the continuous spectrum eigenfunctions. We also calculate wave operators and prove their completeness. Then we define a scattering operator and describe its connections with the scattering matrix.

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Lin, Zhiping, Zhilin Hou, and Youyan Liu. "Quantum waveguide theory of a fractal structure." Physics Letters A 365, no. 3 (May 2007): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2007.01.016.

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6

Jin, G. J., Z. D. Wang, A. Hu, and S. S. Jiang. "Quantum waveguide theory of serial stub structures." Journal of Applied Physics 85, no. 3 (February 1999): 1597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369292.

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7

Fischer, Kevin A., Rahul Trivedi, Vinay Ramasesh, Irfan Siddiqi, and Jelena Vučković. "Scattering into one-dimensional waveguides from a coherently-driven quantum-optical system." Quantum 2 (May 28, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-28-69.

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We develop a new computational tool and framework for characterizing the scattering of photons by energy-nonconserving Hamiltonians into unidirectional (chiral) waveguides, for example, with coherent pulsed excitation. The temporal waveguide modes are a natural basis for characterizing scattering in quantum optics, and afford a powerful technique based on a coarse discretization of time. This overcomes limitations imposed by singularities in the waveguide-system coupling. Moreover, the integrated discretized equations can be faithfully converted to a continuous-time result by taking the appropriate limit. This approach provides a complete solution to the scattered photon field in the waveguide, and can also be used to track system-waveguide entanglement during evolution. We further develop a direct connection between quantum measurement theory and evolution of the scattered field, demonstrating the correspondence between quantum trajectories and the scattered photon state. Our method is most applicable when the number of photons scattered is known to be small, i.e. for a single-photon or photon-pair source. We illustrate two examples: analytical solutions for short laser pulses scattering off a two-level system and numerically exact solutions for short laser pulses scattering off a spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) or spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) source. Finally, we note that our technique can easily be extended to systems with multiple ground states and generalized scattering problems with both finite photon number input and coherent state drive, potentially enhancing the understanding of, e.g., light-matter entanglement and photon phase gates.

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8

RYU, CHANG-MO, SAM YOUNG CHO, MINCHEOL SHIN, KYOUNG WAN PARK, SEONGJAE LEE, and EL-HANG LEE. "QUANTUM WAVEGUIDE THEORY FOR TRIPLY CONNECTED AHARONOV–BOHM RINGS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 06 (March 15, 1996): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296000295.

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Quantum interference effects for a mesoscopic loop with three leads are investigated by using a one-dimensional quantum waveguide theory. The transmission and reflection probabilities are analytically obtained in terms of the magnetic flux, arm length, and wave vector. Oscillation of the magnetoconductance is explicitly demonstrated. Magnetoconductance is found to be sharply peaked for certain localized values of flux and kl. In addition, it is noticed that the periodicity of the transmission probability with respect to kl depends more sensitively on the lead position, compared to the case of the two-lead loop.

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9

Liu, Duan-Yang, Jian-Bai Xia, and Yia-Chung Chang. "One-dimensional quantum waveguide theory of Rashba electrons." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 9 (November 2009): 093705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3253752.

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10

Midgley, S., and J. B. Wang. "Time-dependent Quantum Waveguide Theory: A Study of Nano Ring Structures." Australian Journal of Physics 53, no. 1 (2000): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99043.

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As electronic circuits get progressingly smaller to the nanometre scale, the quantum wave nature of the electrons starts to play a dominant role. It is thus possible for the devices to operate by controlling the phase of the quantum electron waves rather than the electron density as in present-day devices. This paper presents a highly accurate numerical method to treat quantum waveguides with arbitrarily complex geometry. Based on this model, a variety of quantum effects can be studied and quantified.

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11

Wu, Hai-Bin, Jian-Bai Xia, and Kai Chang. "Quantum waveguide theory for hole transport in mesoscopic structures." Solid State Communications 128, no. 4 (October 2003): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(03)00653-7.

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12

Popov, I. Yu, and S. L. Popova. "The extension theory and resonances for a quantum waveguide." Physics Letters A 173, no. 6 (February 1993): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90162-s.

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13

Jorda, Stefan. "Quantum theory of the interaction of quantum-well excitons with electromagnetic waveguide modes." Physical Review B 50, no. 4 (July 15, 1994): 2283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.2283.

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14

RYU, CHANG-MO, TAESEUNG CHOI, CHUL KOO KIM, and KYUN NAHM. "QUANTUM WAVEGUIDE THEORY FOR A MESOSCOPIC RING SUBJECT TO THE AHARONOV–CASHER EFFECT." Modern Physics Letters B 10, no. 09 (April 20, 1996): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984996000456.

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A one-dimensional quantum waveguide theory is developed for a mesoscopic ring subject to the Aharonov–Casher(AC) effect based on the SU (2) spin gauge theory. The quantum interference by the AC effect is found to be equivalent to that by the Aharonov–Bohm(AB) effect. This indicates that AC effect can be utilized for device application in a very similar manner to the AB effect. The transmission probability induced by the AC effect is shown to be identical for the spin up and down components.

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15

Sharafiev, Aleksei, Mathieu L. Juan, Oscar Gargiulo, Maximilian Zanner, Stephanie Wögerer, Juan José García-Ripoll, and Gerhard Kirchmair. "Visualizing the emission of a single photon with frequency and time resolved spectroscopy." Quantum 5 (June 10, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-06-10-474.

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At the dawn of Quantum Physics, Wigner and Weisskopf obtained a full analytical description (a photon portrait) of the emission of a single photon by a two-level system, using the basis of frequency modes (Weisskopf and Wigner, "Zeitschrift für Physik", 63, 1930). A direct experimental reconstruction of this portrait demands an accurate measurement of a time resolved fluorescence spectrum, with high sensitivity to the off-resonant frequencies and ultrafast dynamics describing the photon creation. In this work we demonstrate such an experimental technique in a superconducting waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (wQED) platform, using single transmon qubit and two coupled transmon qubits as quantum emitters. In both scenarios, the photon portraits agree quantitatively with the predictions of the input-output theory and qualitatively with Wigner-Weisskopf theory. We believe that our technique allows not only for interesting visualization of fundamental principles, but may serve as a tool, e.g. to realize multi-dimensional spectroscopy in waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics.

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16

Sánchez-Burillo, Eduardo, Juanjo García-Ripoll, Luis Martín-Moreno, and David Zueco. "Nonlinear quantum optics in the (ultra)strong light–matter coupling." Faraday Discussions 178 (2015): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00206g.

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The propagation of N photons in one dimensional waveguides coupled to M qubits is discussed, both in the strong and ultrastrong qubit–waveguide coupling. Special emphasis is placed on the characterisation of the nonlinear response and its linear limit for the scattered photons as a function of N, M, qubit inter distance and light–matter coupling. The quantum evolution is numerically solved via the matrix product states technique. The time evolutions for both the field and qubits are computed. The nonlinear character (as a function of N/M) depends on the computed observable. While perfect reflection is obtained for N/M ≅ 1, photon–photon correlations are still resolved for ratios N/M = non-zero. Inter-qubit distance enhances the nonlinear response. Moving to the ultrastrong coupling regime, we observe that inelastic processes are robust against the number of qubits and that the qubit–qubit interaction mediated by the photons is qualitatively modified. The theory developed in this work models experiments in circuit QED, photonic crystals and dielectric waveguides.

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17

Masada, Genta, and Akira Furusawa. "On-chip continuous-variable quantum entanglement." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0142.

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AbstractEntanglement is an essential feature of quantum theory and the core of the majority of quantum information science and technologies. Quantum computing is one of the most important fruits of quantum entanglement and requires not only a bipartite entangled state but also more complicated multipartite entanglement. In previous experimental works to demonstrate various entanglement-based quantum information processing, light has been extensively used. Experiments utilizing such a complicated state need highly complex optical circuits to propagate optical beams and a high level of spatial interference between different light beams to generate quantum entanglement or to efficiently perform balanced homodyne measurement. Current experiments have been performed in conventional free-space optics with large numbers of optical components and a relatively large-sized optical setup. Therefore, they are limited in stability and scalability. Integrated photonics offer new tools and additional capabilities for manipulating light in quantum information technology. Owing to integrated waveguide circuits, it is possible to stabilize and miniaturize complex optical circuits and achieve high interference of light beams. The integrated circuits have been firstly developed for discrete-variable systems and then applied to continuous-variable systems. In this article, we review the currently developed scheme for generation and verification of continuous-variable quantum entanglement such as Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen beams using a photonic chip where waveguide circuits are integrated. This includes balanced homodyne measurement of a squeezed state of light. As a simple example, we also review an experiment for generating discrete-variable quantum entanglement using integrated waveguide circuits.

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18

CHO, SAM YOUNG, TAESEUNG CHOI, and CHANG-MO RYU. "QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN MESOSCOPIC RINGS WITH STUBS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 26 (November 30, 1996): 3569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001926.

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Quantum transport in the open-system mesoscopic rings with stubs in the absence of magnetic field is investigated by using the one-dimensional quantum waveguide theory. It is shown that discretely localized states due to the presence of stubs play an important role in the electron transport. The behavior of transmission probability shows the asymmetric Fano resonance, which arises from the interaction between the continuum states and the discrete states. Amplification of the persistent currents by the localized states due to the stub is clearly shown. Negative currents are also noticed.

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19

Wang, J. B., and S. Midgley. "Quantum waveguide theory: A direct solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation." Physical Review B 60, no. 19 (November 15, 1999): 13668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.60.13668.

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20

BENJAMIN, COLIN, and A. M. JAYANNAVAR. "STUDY OF QUANTUM CURRENT ENHANCEMENT, EIGENENERGY SPECTRA AND MAGNETIC MOMENTS IN A MULTIPLY CONNECTED SYSTEM AT EQUILIBRIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 13 (May 30, 2002): 1787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202010336.

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A multiply connected system in both its open and closed form variations but in equilibrium is studied using quantum waveguide theory. The system exhibits remarkable features, in its open form variation we see current enhancement, hitherto seen only in non-equilibrium systems in absence of magnetic flux. In its closed form analog parity effects are broken. Further we analyse the global and local current densities of our system and also show that the orbital magnetic response of the system calculated from the current densities (and inherently linked to the topological configuration) is qualitatively not same as that calculated from the eigenenergy spectra.

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21

ZHANG, Y., and J. L. XIAO. "ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF A FOUR-TERMINAL MESOSCOPIC STRUCTURE WITH A RING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 25 (October 10, 2007): 4351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037831.

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In this paper, the electronic transport properties of a four-terminal mesoscopic structure with a ring are studied by quantum waveguide theory. We show that the transmission coefficients of the three outgoing exits oscillate periodically with the distance between nodes and the magnetic flux threading the loop, and they share a common periodicity. However, there are differences in the magnitude and the position of their peaks. The transmission coefficient of the outgoing exit nearest to the incident port accounts for the greatest contribution to the total transmission coefficient.

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22

CUI, WANYIN, and GUOJUN JIN. "ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN MULTIPLY CONNECTED AHARONOV-BOHM RINGS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (July 10, 2005): 2865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031833.

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We investigate the transmission coefficient and persistent current of periodically arranged Aharonov-Bohm rings coupled to external leads. A general theory of quantum waveguide based on the transfer matrix method is developed and is used to study one-dimensional periodic ring structures. A precise expression for the transmission coefficient is derived. The results show that in the contacted ring case the conduction band electrons give rise to periodically arranged persistent currents in the structure, while the band gap electrons can cause giant persistent currents in the first few loops. We also observe isolated transmission peaks in the periodically arranged rings connected via leads.

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23

Halliday, D. P., D. Moss, S. Charbonneau, G. C. Aers, D. Landheer, F. Chatenoud, and D. Conn. "Ultrafast electron tunnelling in a reverse-biased, high-efficiency quantum well laser structure." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1992): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-158.

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We have performed a detailed series of photoconductivity (PC) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements on a reverse-biased GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well graded index separate confinement heterostructure laser. The PC was performed, as a function of bias, at room temperature on a high-speed ridge waveguide structure. The PL was performed at low temperatures (20, 70, and, 150 K) on a ring mesa sample as a function of bias. The measurements show that this device behaves as an extremely efficient high-speed photodetector with an internal quantum efficiency of 100% and a FWHM response time of 35 ps. The data is fitted using a simple model based on electron recombination in the quantum well or escape out of the well. The escape occurs by one of three possible routes: direct tunnelling out of the lower electron level, thermally assisted tunnelling through the upper electron level, or thermionic emission over the barrier. Each of these three terms is calculated theoretically. A comparison of theory and experiment leads us to the conclusion that the theories explaining thermal emission of carriers from a quantum well underestimate the lifetimes.

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24

Zhou, Nan, Shuang Zheng, Xiaoping Cao, Yifan Zhao, Shengqian Gao, Yuntao Zhu, Mingbo He, Xinlun Cai, and Jian Wang. "Ultra-compact broadband polarization diversity orbital angular momentum generator with 3.6 × 3.6 μm2 footprint." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaau9593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9593.

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM), one fundamental property of light, has been of great interest over the past decades. An ideal OAM generator, fully compatible with existing physical dimensions (wavelength and polarization) of light, would offer the distinct features of broadband, polarization diversity, and ultra-compact footprint. Here, we propose, design, fabricate, and demonstrate an ultra-compact chip-scale broadband polarization diversity OAM generator on a silicon platform with a 3.6 × 3.6 μm2 footprint. The silicon OAM chip is formed by introducing a subwavelength surface structure (superposed holographic fork gratings) on top of a silicon waveguide, coupling the in-plane waveguide mode to the out-plane free-space OAM mode. We demonstrate in theory and experiment the broadband generation of polarization diversity OAM modes (x-/y-polarized OAM+1/OAM−1) from 1500 to 1630 nm with high purity and efficiency. The demonstrations of an ultra-compact broadband polarization diversity OAM generator may open up new perspectives for OAM-assisted N-dimensional optical multiplexing communications/interconnects and high-dimensional quantum communication systems.

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25

Dehghan, E., D. Sanavi Khoshnoud, and A. S. Naeimi. "NAND/AND/NOT logic gates response in series of mesoscopic quantum rings." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 34 (December 10, 2019): 1950431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919504311.

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There is a special class of logic gates, called universal gates, any one of which is sufficient to express any desired computation. The NAND gate is truly global, given that it is already known, each Boolean function can be represented in a circuit that contains only NOT and AND gates, it is sufficient to show that these gates can be defined from the NAND gate. The effect of Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) on the gate response and spin current density in a series of non-interacting one-dimensional rings connected to some leads is studied theoretically within the waveguide theory. The gates response and spin current density are computed in geometry of the system containing two terminal double quantum rings. Also, the presence and absence of Rashba SOI are treated as the two inputs of the AND/NAND/NOT gates. Furthermore, simulation of the device performance demonstrates that vital improvement toward spintronic applications can be achieved by optimizing device parameters such as magnetic flux and Rashba coefficient.

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26

WANG, L. G., and Y. L. HUANG. "THE EFFECT OF GATE ON PERSISTENT CURRENT IN MESOSCOPIC OPEN RING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 07 (March 10, 2013): 1361005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213610055.

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The transport property of electrons in a mesoscopic ring with one arm subject to gate is investigated through the quantum waveguide theory. The persistent current is produced and controlled by tuning the strength of potential energy even in the absence of magnetic field. The persistent current can not only be observed if one tunes the Fermi energy nearing the antiresonance or the Fano resonance of the transport current in the weak strength of potential energy, but also can be detected at the resonance of the transport current in the strong strength of potential energy. An impurity is embedded in the right lead of the ring was also investigated and the large persistent current can be produced by varying the strength of the impurity potential and the length between the impurity and ring.

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27

FARAGGI, ALON E., and MARCO MATONE. "THE EQUIVALENCE POSTULATE OF QUANTUM MECHANICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 13 (May 20, 2000): 1869–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00000811.

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The removal of the peculiar degeneration arising in the classical concepts of rest frame and time parametrization is at the heart of the recently formulated equivalence principle (EP). The latter, stating that all physical systems can be connected by a coordinate transformation to the free one with vanishing energy, univocally leads to the quantum stationary HJ equation (QSHJE). This is a third order nonlinear differential equation which provides a trajectory representation of quantum mechanics (QM). The trajectories depend on the Planck length through hidden variables which arise as initial conditions. The formulation has manifest p-q duality, a consequence of the involutive nature of the Legendre transformation and of its recently observed relation with second order linear differential equations. This reflects in an intrinsic ψD-ψ duality between linearly independent solutions of the Schrödinger equation. Unlike Bohm's theory, there is a nontrivial action even for bound states and no pilot waveguide is present. A basic property of the formulation is that no use of any axiomatic interpretation of the wave function is made. For example, tunneling is a direct consequence of the quantum potential which differs from the Bohmian one and plays the role of particle's self-energy. Furthermore, the QSHJE is defined only if the ratio ψD/ψ is a local homeomorphism of the extended real line into itself. This is an important feature as the L2(ℝ) condition, which in the Copenhagen formulation is a consequence of the axiomatic interpretation of the wave function, directly follows as a basic theorem which only uses the geometrical gluing conditions of ψD/ψ at q=±∞ as implied by the EP. As a result, the EP itself implies a dynamical equation that does not require any further assumption and reproduces both tunneling and energy quantization. Several features of the formulation show how the Copenhagen interpretation hides the underlying nature of QM. Finally, the nonstationary higher dimensional quantum HJ equation and the relativistic extension are derived.

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Hasan, Md Rabiul, S. Ali, and S. A. Emi. "Ultra-low material loss microstructure fiber for terahertz guidance." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.679.

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In this letter, we numerically demonstrate a hybrid-core microstructure fiber for low-loss terahertz guidance. Finite element method with circular perfectly matched layer boundary condition is applied to characterize the guiding properties. It is shown that by using a triangular-core inside a square lattice microstructure exhibits ultra-low effective material loss (EML) of 0.169 dB/cm and low confinement loss of 0.087 dB/cm at the operating frequency of 0.75 THz. We also discuss how other guiding properties including power fraction, single mode propagation and dispersion vary with changing of core diameter and operating frequencies. This low-loss microstructure fiber can be effectively used in numerous applications in the THz regime. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. J. Bai, J. N. Li, H. Zhang, H. Fang, S. J. Chang, "A porous terahertz fiber with randomly distributed air holes", Appl. Phys. B 103, 2 (2011). CrossRef S. Atakaramians, S. Afshar, B. M. Fischer, D. Abbott, T. M. Monro, "Porous fibers: a novel approach to low loss THz waveguides", Opt. Express 16, 12 (2008). CrossRef K. Wang, D. M. Mittleman, "Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding", Nature 432, 7015 (2004). CrossRef R. Islam, G. K. M. Hasanuzzaman, M. S. Habib, S. Rana, M. A. G. Khan, "Low-loss rotated porous core hexagonal single-mode fiber in THz regime", Opt. Fiber Technol. 24, (2015). CrossRef M. I. Hasan, S. M. A. Razzak, G. K. M. Hasanuzzaman, M. S.Habib, "Ultra-Low Material Loss and Dispersion Flattened Fiber for THz Transmission", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26, 23 (2014). CrossRef S. F. Kaijage, Z. Ouyang, X. Jin, "Porous-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Low Loss Terahertz Wave Guiding", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 25, 15 (2013). CrossRef M. R. Hasan, M. A. Islam, A. A. Rifat, "A single mode porous-core square lattice photonic crystal fiber for THz wave propagation", J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Rapid Publ. 12, 1 (2016). CrossRef M. R. Hasan, M. A. Islam, M. S. Anower, S. M. A. Razzak, "Low-loss and bend-insensitive terahertz fiber using a rhombic-shaped core", Appl. Opt. 55, 30 (2016). CrossRef S. Ali et al. "Ultra-low loss THz waveguide with flat EML and near zero flat dispersion properties", in 9th Int. Conf. on Elect. and Comp. Eng., IEEE, (2016). CrossRef K. Nielsen, H. K. Rasmussen, A. J. Adam, P. C. Planken, O. Bang, P. U. Jepsen, "Bendable, low-loss Topas fibers for the terahertz frequency range", Opt. Express 17, 10 (2009). CrossRef A. W. Snyder, J. D. Love, Optical waveguide theory (London, Chapman & Hall 1983). DirectLink L. Vincetti, A. Polemi, in Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE (2009)G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics (Boston, Academic Press 1989). CrossRef B. S. Williams, "Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers", Nat. Photon. 1, 9 (2007). CrossRef H. W. Hubers et al. "Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver", Opt. Express 13, 15 (2005). CrossRef

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Nagarajan, Anitharaj, Shusuke Hara, Hiroaki Satoh, Aruna Priya Panchanathan, and Hiroshi Inokawa. "Angle-Sensitive Detector Based on Silicon-On-Insulator Photodiode Stacked with Surface Plasmon Antenna." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 5543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195543.

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We present a pixel-level angle sensitive detector composed of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photodiode (PD) stacked with a gold surface plasmon (SP) antenna to affect the direction of the incoming light. The surface plasmons are excited in the grating-type SP antenna and enhance the diffraction efficiency of the grating. The diffracted light is coupled strongly with the propagation light in the SOI waveguide when the phase matching condition is satisfied. The phase matching takes place at a specific angle of light incidence, and the discrimination of the light based on the incident angle is achieved. As spatial patterns in the polar coordinate of the elevation-azimuth angles (θ, ϕ) of the incident light, we present the phase matching condition theoretically, the absorption efficiency in the SOI by simulation, and also the quantum efficiency of the SOI PD experimentally for different SP antennas of one-dimensional (1D) line-and-space (L/S) and two-dimensional (2D) hole array gratings under various polarization angles. 1D grating offers a polarization sensitive angle detection and 2D grating exhibits angle detection in two orthogonal directions, enabling a polarization independent angle sensitivity. A good agreement among the theory, simulation, and experiment are attained. The proposed device features relatively high quantum efficiency as an angle-sensitive pixel (ASP) and gives wider opportunities in applications such as three-dimensional (3D) imaging, depth-of-field extension, and lensless imaging.

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Elshaari, Ali W., Anas Skalli, Samuel Gyger, Martin Nurizzo, Lucas Schweickert, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh, Mikael Svedendahl, Stephan Steinhauer, and Val Zwiller. "Back Cover: Deterministic Integration of hBN Emitter in Silicon Nitride Photonic Waveguide (Adv. Quantum Technol. 6/2021)." Advanced Quantum Technologies 4, no. 6 (June 2021): 2170063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qute.202170063.

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Zhai, Tianrui, Xiaojie Ma, Liang Han, Shuai Zhang, Kun Ge, Yanan Xu, Zhiyang Xu, and Libin Cui. "Self-Aligned Emission of Distributed Feedback Lasers on Optical Fiber Sidewall." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092381.

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This article assembles a distributed feedback (DFB) cavity on the sidewalls of the optical fiber by using very simple fabrication techniques including two-beam interference lithography and dip-coating. The DFB laser structure comprises graduated gratings on the optical fiber sidewalls which are covered with a layer of colloidal quantum dots. Directional DFB lasing is observed from the fiber facet due to the coupling effect between the grating and the optical fiber. The directional lasing from the optical fiber facet exhibits a small solid divergence angle as compared to the conventional laser. It can be attributed to the two-dimensional light confinement in the fiber waveguide. An analytical approach based on the Bragg condition and the coupled-wave theory was developed to explain the characteristics of the laser device. The intensity of the output coupled laser is tuned by the coupling coefficient, which is determined by the angle between the grating vector and the fiber axis. These results afford opportunities to integrate different DFB lasers on the same optical fiber sidewall, achieving multi-wavelength self-aligned DFB lasers for a directional emission. The proposed technique may provide an alternative to integrating DFB lasers for applications in networking, optical sensing, and power delivery.

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Plamenevskii, B. A., A. S. Poretskii, and O. V. Sarafanov. "Mathematical Scattering Theory in Quantum Waveguides." Doklady Physics 64, no. 11 (November 2019): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s102833581911003x.

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Barker, J. R., J. Pepin, M. Finch, and M. Laughton. "Theory of non-linear transport in quantum waveguides." Solid-State Electronics 32, no. 12 (December 1989): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(89)90206-2.

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Toscano, Giuseppe, Søren Raza, Wei Yan, Claus Jeppesen, Sanshui Xiao, Martijn Wubs, Antti-Pekka Jauho, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, and N. Asger Mortensen. "Nonlocal response in plasmonic waveguiding with extreme light confinement." Nanophotonics 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0014.

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AbstractWe present a novel wave equation for linearized plasmonic response, obtained by combining the coupled real-space differential equations for the electric field and current density. Nonlocal dynamics are fully accounted for, and the formulation is very well suited for numerical implementation, allowing us to study waveguides with subnanometer cross-sections exhibiting extreme light confinement. We show that groove and wedge waveguides have a fundamental lower limit in their mode confinement, only captured by the nonlocal theory. The limitation translates into an upper limit for the corresponding Purcell factors, and thus has important implications for quantum plasmonics.

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Kin Seng Chiang and Wa Peng Wong. "Theory of zero-birefringence multiple-quantum-well optical waveguides." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, no. 10 (1999): 1554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.792594.

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Debray, P., O. E. Raichev, P. Vasilopoulos, M. Rahman, R. Perrin, and W. C. Mitchell. "Ballistic electron transport in stubbed quantum waveguides: Experiment and theory." Physical Review B 61, no. 16 (April 15, 2000): 10950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.10950.

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Zhao, Peiji. "Theory of guided electron waves in symmetric coupled-quantum-well waveguides." Physical Review B 45, no. 8 (February 15, 1992): 4301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.4301.

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Escobar, M., and A. E. Meyerovich. "Quantized Ultracold Neutrons in Rough Waveguides: GRANIT Experiments and Beyond." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/185414.

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We apply our general theory of transport in systems with random rough boundaries to gravitationally quantized ultracold neutrons in rough waveguides as in GRANIT experiments (ILL, Grenoble). We consider waveguides with roughness in both two and one dimensions (2D and 1D). In the biased diffusion approximation the depletion times for the gravitational quantum states can be easily expressed via each other irrespective of the system parameters. The calculation of the exit neutron count reduces to evaluation of a single constant which contains a complicated integral of the correlation function of surface roughness. In the case of 1D roughness (random grating) this constant is calculated analytically for common types of the correlation functions. The results obey simple scaling relations which are slightly different in 1D and 2D. We predict the exit neutron count for the new GRANIT cell.

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Zhao, Peiji. "Erratum: Theory of guided electron waves in symmetric coupled-quantum-well waveguides." Physical Review B 46, no. 24 (December 15, 1992): 16178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.16178.

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40

Dec, Bartłomiej, Robert Bogdanowicz, and Krzysztof Pyrchla. "Ab-initio study of electrical and optical properties of allylamine." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.847.

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The Density functional theory is one of most promising methodology in fast and accurate calculations of electrical and optical properties from the atomic basis. In this paper, we calculate electrical and optical properties of allylamine (2-propen 1- amine) in terms of accuracy and speed of calculations obtained by selection of DFT-1/2 method with ultrasoft Vanderbilt pseudopotentials. Comparison of density of states between molecule and bulk configuration shows great agreement between them, therefore we calculated refractive index which showed even better agreement with experimental data. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Kohn and L. J. Sham, 'Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects', Phys. Rev., vol. 140, no. 4A, pp. A1133–A1138, Nov. 1965. CrossRef J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, 'Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, no. 18, pp. 3865–3868, Oct. 1996. CrossRef L. G. Ferreira, M. Marques, and L. K. Teles, 'Approximation to density functional theory for the calculation of band gaps of semiconductors', Physical Review B, vol. 78, no. 12, Sep. 2008. CrossRef L. G. Ferreira, M. Marques, and L. K. Teles, 'Slater half-occupation technique revisited: the LDA-1/2 and GGA-1/2 approaches for atomic ionization energies and band gaps in semiconductors', AIP Advances, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 032119, Aug. 2011. CrossRef M. Schlipf and F. Gygi, 'Optimization algorithm for the generation of ONCV pseudopotentials', Computer Physics Communications, vol. 196, pp. 36–44, Nov. 2015. CrossRef P. Prayongpan and C. Michael Greenlief, 'Density functional study of ethylamine and allylamine on Si(100)-2×1 and Ge(100)-2×1 surfaces', Surface Science, vol. 603, no. 7, pp. 1055–1069, Apr. 2009. CrossRef M. T. van Os, B. Menges, R. Foerch, G. J. Vancso, and W. Knoll, 'Characterization of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Using Waveguide Mode Spectroscopy', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 3252–3257, Nov. 1999. CrossRef J. Zeng, R.-Q. Zhang, and H. Treutlein, Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. CrossRef I. Del Villar, I. R. Matias, and F. J. Arregui, 'Enhancement of sensitivity in long-period fiber gratings with deposition of low-refractive-index materials', Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 18, p. 2363, Sep. 2005. CrossRef D. Nidzworski et al., 'A rapid-response ultrasensitive biosensor for influenza virus detection using antibody modified boron-doped diamond', Sci Rep, vol. 7, Nov. 2017. CrossRef Synopsys QuantumWise, Atomistix Toolkit version 2018.06 .D. C. Liu and J. Nocedal, 'On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization', Mathematical Programming, vol. 45, no. 1–3, pp. 503–528, Aug. 1989. CrossRef K. F. Garrity, J. W. Bennett, K. M. Rabe, and D. Vanderbilt, 'Pseudopotentials for high-throughput DFT calculations', Computational Materials Science, vol. 81, pp. 446–452, Jan. 2014. CrossRef Yu Cai, T. Zhang, A. B. Anderson, J. C. Angus, L. N. Kostadinov, and T. V. Albu, 'The origin of shallow n-type conductivity in boron-doped diamond with H or S co-doping: Density functional theory study', Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1868–1877, Nov. 2006. CrossRef

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VIGNOLO, P., A. MINGUZZI, and M. P. TOSI. "DEGENERATE GASES UNDER HARMONIC CONFINEMENT IN ONE DIMENSION: RIGOROUS RESULTS IN THE IMPENETRABLE-BOSONS/SPIN-POLARIZED-FERMIONS LIMIT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 16 (June 30, 2002): 2161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011482.

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Developments in the realization and study of ultracold atomic gases inside elongated magnetic traps and atom waveguides have stimulated calculations of equilibrium properties and excitation spectra for mesoscopic clouds of hard-core bosons and of spin-polarized fermions moving under an external harmonic potential in one dimension. A rigorous correspondence exists between the wave functions of these two types of system, allowing a number of exact results to be obtained. The main theoretical techniques and results are reviewed in this article, with emphasis on their relevance in regard to tests of the Thomas–Fermi approximation for confined Fermi fluids and to the foundations of density functional theory for inhomogeneous quantum systems.

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42

Baskin, Lev, Pekka Neittaanmäki, Boris Plamenevsky, and Oleg Sarafanov. "Asymptotic Theory of Resonant Tunneling in 3D Quantum Waveguides of Variable Cross-Section." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 70, no. 5 (January 2010): 1542–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/090757113.

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43

Pellegrini, V., F. Fuso, E. Arimondo, F. Castelli, L. A. Lugiato, G. P. Bava, and P. Debernardi. "Nonlinear optical transmission in multiple quantum wells with ridged waveguides: Experiment and theory." Physical Review A 50, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 5219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.50.5219.

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44

Deymier, Runge, Hasan, and Calderin. "Exponentially Complex “Classically Entangled” States in Arrays of One-Dimensional Nonlinear Elastic Waveguides." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213553.

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We demonstrate theoretically, using multiple-time-scale perturbation theory, the existence of nonseparable superpositions of elastic waves in an externally driven elastic system composed of three one-dimensional elastic wave guides coupled via nonlinear forces. The nonseparable states span a Hilbert space with exponential complexity. The amplitudes appearing in the nonseparable superposition of elastic states are complex quantities dependent on the frequency of the external driver. By tuning these complex amplitudes, we can navigate the state’s Hilbert space. This nonlinear elastic system is analogous to a two-partite two-level quantum system.

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45

Wichtowski, Marek. "Electrorefraction beyond the excitonic resonance in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structure in the Franz-Keldysh geometry." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i4.1065.

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The Kramers-Kronig relations were used to estimate electrorefractivity near the edge of the exciton absorption peak of GaAs/AlGaAs photorefractive quantum well (PMQW) structure working in the Franz-Keldysh geometry. It was shown that for both TE and TM polarizations the change of the refractive index under an applied electric field is at least an order of magnitude greater than in bulk semi-insulating GaAs due to the classical Franz-Keldysh effect. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch in: Photorefractive effects and Materials, ed. by D. D. Nolte (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1995). CrossRef T. E.Van Eck, L. M. Walpita, W.S.C. Chang, H. H. Wieder, "Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction and electroabsorption in bulk InP and GaAs", Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 451 (1986). CrossRef P.K. Basu, Theory of Optical Processes in Semiconductors, (Oxford University Press, 2003) ch. 7. CrossRef A Partovi. E.M. Garmire, "Band‐edge photorefractivity in semiconductors: Theory and experiment", J. Appl. Phys. 69, 6885 (1991). CrossRef J. S. Weiner, D. A. B. Miller, D. S. Chemla, et. al. "Strong polarization‐sensitive electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides", Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 1148 (1985). CrossRef D. S. Chemla, D. A. B. Miller, "Room-temperature excitonic nonlinear-optical effects in semiconductor quantum-well structures", JOSA A, 2 1155, (1985). CrossRef S.L. Chuang, Physics of Photonic Devices (2-nd ed. New Jersey, Wiley & Sons 2009), ch. 14. DirectLink E. Miśkiewicz, A. Ziółkowski, M. Wichtowski, E. Weinert - Rączka, "Thermally induced changes of the electro-optical properties of semi-insulating GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures", Opt. Mat. 89, 231 (2019). CrossRef E.Weinert-Rączka, R.Iwanow, "Asymetric directional coupler controlled by photorefractive grating", Acta Phys. Pol. A 95, 813 (1999). CrossRef

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Tribollet, Jérôme. "Hybrid nanophotonic-nanomagnonic SiC-YiG quantum sensor: I/theoretical design and properties." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 90, no. 2 (May 2020): 20102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200062.

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Here I present the theory of a new hybrid paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic SiC-YiG quantum sensor. It is designed to allow sub-nanoscale single external spin sensitivity optically detected pulsed electron electron double resonance spectroscopy, using an X band pulsed EPR spectrometer and an optical fiber. The sensor contains one single V2 negatively charged silicon vacancy color center in 4H-SiC, whose photoluminescence is waveguided by a 4H-SiC nanophotonic structure towards an optical fiber. This V2 spin probe is created by ion implantation at a depth of few nanometers below the surface, determined by optically detected paramagnetic resonance under the strong magnetic field gradient of a YiG ferrimagnetic nanostripe located on the back-side of the nanophotonic structure. This gradient also allow the study, slice by slice at nanoscale, of the target paramagnetic sample. The fabrication process of this quantum sensor, its magnetic and optical properties, its external spins sensing properties in a structural biology context, and its integration to a standard commercially available pulsed EPR spectrometer are all presented here.

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DUCLOS, P., and P. EXNER. "CURVATURE-INDUCED BOUND STATES IN QUANTUM WAVEGUIDES IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 07, no. 01 (January 1995): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x95000062.

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Dirichlet Laplacian on curved tubes of a constant cross section in two and three dimensions is investigated. It is shown that if the tube is non-straight and its curvature vanishes asymptotically, there is always a bound state below the bottom of the essential spectrum. An upper bound to the number of these bound states in thin tubes is derived. Furthermore, if the tube is only slightly bent, there is just one bound state; we derive its behaviour with respect to the bending angle. Finally, perturbation theory of these eigenvalues in any thin tube with respect to the tube radius is constructed and some open questions are formulated.

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48

Довгополий, А. С., O. О. Токалін, and O. О. Білобородов. "Sensitivity of superconducting quantum interferometers to rotational motions." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 8(264) (January 12, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-264-8-27-33.

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Based on the principle of equivalence of the general theory of relativity and the definition of the non-Euclidean metric of space in a non-inertial frame of reference associated with rotation, a geometric (topological) phase is found that occurs when traversing any closed loop. This approach made it possible to establish a deep physical analogy between various wave effects (both classical and quantum) in closed waveguides that arise under the conditions of their rotation. Due to the coherence of the wave function of spinless charge carriers (Cooper pairs of conduction electrons with oppositely directed spins) in superconductors in the ground quantum state (superconducting state), the appearance of a geometric phase in closed loops under rotation conditions can lead to interference effects in the presence of weak bonds in the loop. To register interference effects, it was proposed to use superconducting quantum interferometers placed in the electric field of a cylindrical or spherical capacitor. In accordance with the general theory of the geometric phase of rotation, the study obtained the basic relations between the geometric phase of rotation and the phase of the wave function induced by an external magnetic field, and an estimate of their values was obtained for acceptable values of the angular velocity of rotation, dimensions of superconducting quantum interferometers, and voltages on the capacitor. The errors in measuring the magnetic flux during the rotation of the measuring complex are determined. Taking into account the dependence of the magnitude of the geometric phase of rotation on the voltage across the capacitor and the size of the superconducting quantum interferometers, and also taking into account the specific range of angular velocities of rotation, the sensitivity of superconducting quantum interferometers to the angular velocity can be regulated by a rational choice of these parameters. Based on the results obtained, a new method for measuring magnetic fields was proposed using two superconducting quantum interferometers with different values of areas bounded by closed contours under conditions of rotational movements, which makes it possible to compensate for the disturbing influence of rotations on magnetic measurements, as well as to simultaneously determine the magnetic induction and angular velocity of rotation.

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Pereira, Lucas Carvalho, João Vítor Batista Ferreira, and Valter Aragão do Nascimento. "Soluções variacionais e numéricas da Equação de Schrödinger 1D submetida ao potencial de Pöschl-Teller." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 48 (March 30, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n48p156-168.

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<p>This paper presents the numerical and variational solutions of the 1D Schrödinger Equation submitted to the Pöschl-Teller potential. The methods used were the Variational Method and the Finite Difference Method. They were presented in a didactic and detailed way with the purpose of instructing both undergraduate and graduate students, about the applicability and effectiveness of the aforementioned methods. We use the Pöschl-Teller potential due to the fact that it is little explored in the books of Quantum Mechanics used in undergraduation courses and also because of its diverse applications, such as in Bose-Einstein condensates, waveguides, topological defects in field theory and so on. We conclude this paper comparing the variational and numerical solutions with the analytical solution and present the advantages of each method.</p>

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Nazarov, S. A. "The preservation of threshold resonances and the splitting off of eigenvalues from the threshold of the continuous spectrum of quantum waveguides." Sbornik: Mathematics 212, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 965–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/sm9426.

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