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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Naixement, Luciano, and Carlos H. Béssa. "Quantum vacuum fluctuations in inorganic compound CdSe." MOMENTO, no. 66 (January 2, 2023): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/mo.n66.103486.

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In the present work, we study the quantum vacuum fluctuations at finite temperature in the propagation of light in nonlinear optical media. We present nonlinear materials, that have the second-order electrical susceptibility tensor, and the fluctuating effective refractive index caused by fluctuating vacuum electric fields. Likewise, we study the fluctuations of the vacuum, which led to the contributions of thermal and mixed fluctuations being associated with a faithful test function to perform the calculations, in contrast to the Lorentzian distribution. We show the contribution of thermal and mixed fluctuations to time-of-flight fluctuations compared to the contributions of vacuum fluctuations. The result reveals a numerical estimate performed on cadmium selenide (CdSe) suggesting that the effects of fluctuations can cause uncertainty in time of flight due to quantum vacuum fluctuations in terms of thermal and mixed fluctuations.

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2

Reynaud, Serge, Astrid Lambrecht, Cyriaque Genet, and Marc-Thierry Jaekel. "Quantum vacuum fluctuations." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics 2, no. 9 (November 2001): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2147(01)01270-7.

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3

Sidharth, B. G. "Fluctuations in the quantum vacuum." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 14, no. 1 (July 2002): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-0779(01)00196-5.

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4

Elizalde, E. "Cosmological Imprint of Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations." EAS Publications Series 30 (2008): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas:0830017.

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5

Bethke, Laura, and João Magueijo. "Chiral vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 360 (May 16, 2012): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/360/1/012003.

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6

Santos, Emilio. "Quantum vacuum fluctuations and dark energy." Astrophysics and Space Science 326, no. 1 (November 21, 2009): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-009-0204-6.

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7

Zhukovskii, V. Ch, and I. B. Morozov. "Quantum fluctuations of the ?Copenhagen vacuum?" Soviet Physics Journal 29, no. 5 (May 1986): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00895302.

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8

Yosifov, Alexander Y., and Lachezar G. Filipov. "Nonlocal Black Hole Evaporation and Quantum Metric Fluctuations via Inhomogeneous Vacuum Density." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3131728.

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Inhomogeneity of the actual value of the vacuum energy density is considered in a black hole background. We examine the back-reaction of a Schwarzschild black hole to the highly inhomogeneous vacuum density and argue the fluctuations lead to deviations from general relativity in the near-horizon region. In particular, we found that vacuum fluctuations onto the horizon trigger adiabatic release of quantum information, while vacuum fluctuations in the vicinity of the horizon produce potentially observable metric fluctuations of order of the Schwarzschild radius. Consequently, we propose a form of strong nonviolent nonlocality in which we simultaneously get nonlocal release of quantum information and observable metric fluctuations.

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9

Zurek, Kathryn M. "On vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity and interferometer arm fluctuations." Physics Letters B 826 (March 2022): 136910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136910.

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10

Pervushin, B. E., M. A. Fadeev, A. V. Zinovev, R. K. Goncharov, A. A. Santev, A. E. Ivanova, and E. O. Samsonov. "Quantum random number generator using vacuum fluctuations." Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics 12, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2220-8054-2021-12-2-156-160.

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11

Balitsky, Ja V., and V. V. Kiselev. "Quantum origin of suppression for vacuum fluctuations." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 41 (January 2016): 1660135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516601356.

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By example of a model with a spatially global scalar field, we show that the energy density of zero-point modes is exponentially suppressed by an average number of field quanta in a finite volume with respect to the energy density in the stationary state of minimal energy. We describe cosmological implications of mechanism.

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12

Elizalde, Emilio. "Quantum vacuum fluctuations and the cosmological constant." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 40, no. 25 (June 6, 2007): 6647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/s09.

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13

Gevorkyan, A. S., and A. A. Gevorkyan. "Maxwell electrodynamics subjected to quantum vacuum fluctuations." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 74, no. 6 (June 2011): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778811060123.

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14

Impens, F., A. M. Contreras-Reyes, P. A. Maia Neto, D. A. R. Dalvit, R. Guérout, A. Lambrecht, and S. Reynaud. "Driving quantized vortices with quantum vacuum fluctuations." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 92, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 40010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/92/40010.

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15

Modanese, Giovanni. "Large “dipolar” vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity." Nuclear Physics B 588, no. 1-2 (November 2000): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(00)00497-1.

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16

Cognola, G., and S. Zerbini. "Variances of Relativistic Quantum Field Fluctuations." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 12 (May 10, 2003): 2067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03015490.

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17

Chen, Yilin, and Jin Wang. "A New Inflationary Universe Scenario with Inhomogeneous Quantum Vacuum." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (May 8, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3916727.

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We investigate the quantum vacuum and find that the fluctuations can lead to the inhomogeneous quantum vacuum. We find that the vacuum fluctuations can significantly influence the cosmological inhomogeneity, which is different from what was previously expected. By introducing the modified Green’s function, we reach a new inflationary scenario which can explain why the Universe is still expanding without slowing down. We also calculate the tunneling amplitude of the Universe based on the inhomogeneous vacuum. We find that the inhomogeneity can lead to the penetration of the Universe over the potential barrier faster than previously thought.

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18

Lindel, Frieder, Francesca Fabiana Settembrini, Robert Bennett, and Stefan Yoshi Buhmann. "Probing the Purcell effect without radiative decay: lessons in the frequency and time domains." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac434e.

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Abstract The effect of cavities or plates upon the electromagnetic quantum vacuum are considered in the context of electro-optic sampling (EOS), revealing how they can be directly studied. These modifications are at the heart of e.g. the Casimir force or the Purcell effect such that a link between EOS of the quantum vacuum and environment-induced vacuum effects is forged. Furthermore, we discuss the microscopic processes underlying EOS of quantum-vacuum fluctuations, leading to an interpretation of these experiments in terms of exchange of virtual photons. With this in mind it is shown how one can reveal the dynamics of vacuum fluctuations by resolving them in the frequency and time domains using EOS experiments.

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19

Liberal, Iñigo, and Nader Engheta. "Zero-index structures as an alternative platform for quantum optics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (January 17, 2017): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611924114.

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Vacuum fluctuations are one of the most distinctive aspects of quantum optics, being the trigger of multiple nonclassical phenomena. Thus, platforms like resonant cavities and photonic crystals that enable the inhibition and manipulation of vacuum fluctuations have been key to our ability to control light–matter interactions (e.g., the decay of quantum emitters). Here, we theoretically demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations may be naturally inhibited within bodies immersed in epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) media, while they can also be selectively excited via bound eigenmodes. Therefore, zero-index structures are proposed as an alternative platform to manipulate the decay of quantum emitters, possibly leading to the exploration of qualitatively different dynamics. For example, a direct modulation of the vacuum Rabi frequency is obtained by deforming the EMNZ region without detuning a bound eigenmode. Ideas for the possible implementation of these concepts using synthetic implementations based on structural dispersion are also proposed.

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20

Artoni, M. "Detecting Phonon Vacuum Squeezing." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 07, no. 02 (June 1998): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886359800020x.

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We examine quantum states of the atomic displacement which allow for the possibility of modulating its quantum fluctuations below the zero-point motion level. We address the issue of measuring such a squeezing of the phonon field and the framework for a suitable detection method is presented.

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21

Jacquet, Maxime J. "Quantum vacuum excitation of a quasi-normal mode in an analog model of black hole spacetime." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226608005.

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Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. In this talk, I will explain how a 1 dimensional flow of microcavity polaritons may be engineered to produce an effective curved spacetime with a black hole horizon. I will present numerical computations of correlated emission on this spacetime and show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizeable stationary excitation of a quasi-normal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasi-normal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. I will explain how the driven-dissipative dynamics of the polariton fluid are key to observing the quantum excitation of the quasi-normal mode. Nonetheless, this observation suggests a general and intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasi-normal modes on black hole spacetimes.

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22

Nandi, Kamal K., Anwarul Islam, and James Evans. "Induced Quantum Fluctuations in the Spherically Symmetric Space–Time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 18 (July 20, 1997): 3171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001663.

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In the Schwarzschild field due to a mass moving with velocity v → c0, where c0 is the speed of light in vacuum, the source-induced quantum fluctuation in the light cone exhibits consistency with the Aichelburg–Sexl solution while that in the metric dynamical variable does not. At the horizon, none of the fluctuations is proportional to anything finite. However, in the nonrelativistic limit (v → 0), known expressions follow.

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23

Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir, Vladimir Folomeev, Burkhard Kleihaus, and Jutta Kunz. "Extended objects in nonperturbative quantum-field theory and the cosmological constant." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 07 (January 18, 2017): 1750074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500742.

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We consider a gravitating extended object constructed from vacuum fluctuations of nonperturbatively quantized non-Abelian gauge fields. An approximate description of such an object is given by two gravitating scalar fields. The object has a core filled with a constant energy density of the vacuum fluctuations of the quantum-fields. The core is located inside a cosmological event horizon. An exact analytical solution of the Einstein equations for such a core is presented. The value of the energy density of the vacuum fluctuations is connected with the cosmological constant.

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24

Rubio, Angel. "A new Hall for quantum protection." Science 375, no. 6584 (March 4, 2022): 976–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn5990.

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25

FORD, L. H. "NEGATIVE ENERGY DENSITIES IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 11 (April 30, 2010): 2355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049633.

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Quantum field theory allows for the suppression of vacuum fluctuations, leading to sub-vacuum phenomena. One of these is the appearance of local negative energy density. Selected aspects of negative energy will be reviewed, including the quantum inequalities which limit its magnitude and duration. However, these inequalities allow the possibility that negative energy and related effects might be observable. Some recent proposals for experiments to search for sub-vacuum phenomena will be discussed. Fluctuations of the energy density around its mean value will also be considered, and some recent results on a probability distribution for the energy density in two dimensional spacetime are summarized.

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26

Hsiang, Jen-Tsung, and B. L. Hu. "Atom-Field Interaction: From Vacuum Fluctuations to Quantum Radiation and Quantum Dissipation or Radiation Reaction." Physics 1, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics1030031.

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In this paper, we dwell on three issues: (1) revisit the relation between vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction in atom-field interactions, an old issue that began in the 1970s and settled in the 1990s with its resolution recorded in monographs; (2) the fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) of the system, pointing out the differences between the conventional form in linear response theory (LRT) assuming ultra-weak coupling between the system and the bath, and the FDR in an equilibrated final state, relaxed from the nonequilibrium evolution of an open quantum system; (3) quantum radiation from an atom interacting with a quantum field: We begin with vacuum fluctuations in the field acting on the internal degrees of freedom (idf) of an atom, adding to its dynamics a stochastic component which engenders quantum radiation whose backreaction causes quantum dissipation in the idf of the atom. We show explicitly how different terms representing these processes appear in the equations of motion. Then, using the example of a stationary atom, we show how the absence of radiation in this simple cases is a result of complex cancellations, at a far away observation point, of the interference between emitted radiation from the atom and the local fluctuations in the free field. In so doing we point out in Issue 1 that the entity which enters into the duality relation with vacuum fluctuations is not radiation reaction, which can exist as a classical entity, but quantum dissipation. Finally, regarding issue 2, we point out for systems with many atoms, the co-existence of a set of correlation-propagation relations (CPRs) describing how the correlations between the atoms are related to the propagation of their (retarded non-Markovian) mutual influence manifesting in the quantum field. The CPR is absolutely crucial in keeping the balance of energy flows between the constituents of the system, and between the system and its environment. Without the consideration of this additional relation in tether with the FDR, dynamical self-consistency cannot be sustained. A combination of these two sets of relations forms a generalized matrix FDR relation that captures the physical essence of the interaction between an atom and a quantum field at arbitrary coupling strength.

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27

Reiche, D., F. Intravaia, and K. Busch. "Wading through the void: Exploring quantum friction and nonequilibrium fluctuations." APL Photonics 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083067.

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When two or more objects move relative to one another in vacuum, they experience a drag force, which, at zero temperature, usually goes under the name of quantum friction. This contactless non-conservative interaction is mediated by the fluctuations of the material-modified quantum electrodynamic vacuum and, hence, is purely quantum in nature. Numerous investigations have revealed the richness of the mechanisms at work, thereby stimulating novel theoretical and experimental approaches and identifying challenges and opportunities. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the physics surrounding quantum friction and a perspective on recent developments.

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28

Wang, Jing. "IS GRAVITATIONAL VACUUM ENERGY RENORMALIZEDIN NEUTRON STAR BINARY?" International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (February 28, 2022): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14324.

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The vacuum energy of fluctuating quantum fields has been intensively studied by analyzing boundary conditions on the objects. By treating the two star components, making up of a wide neutron star (NS) binary with orbital separation of , as two Dirichlet point particles on the radial line, we calculate the quantum vacuum energy of fluctuating gravitational fields, arising from the Newtonian gravitational scalar potential and a gravitational vector potential that leads to the spiral-in orbital motion of the system. It is found that the stress tensor, which is responsible for the fluctuations of gravitational fields, gives rise to a finite quantum vacuum energy inside the binary system, i.e., in the region of . Accordingly, both objects making up of the binary are imposed by an additionally finite and attractive stress of . While outside the system, , the gravitational vacuum energy consists of a divergent term , resulting from the free Greens function without any presence of gravitational sources, and a term of that disappears when the distance is far away from the sources. However, the gravitational Casimir force imposed on NS binary is a finite one, because the fluctuating gravitational fields vanish on the star, on which the stress tensor appears discontinuity.

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29

Gea-Banacloche, J., M. O. Scully, and M. S. Zubairy. "Vacuum Fluctuations and Spontaneous Emission in Quantum Optics." Physica Scripta T21 (January 1, 1988): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1988/t21/015.

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30

Bezerra, V. B., M. S. Cunha, C. R. Muniz, and M. O. Tahim. "Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations in a Chromomagnetic-Like Background." Brazilian Journal of Physics 48, no. 6 (October 15, 2018): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13538-018-0607-3.

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31

Konkowski, D. A., and T. M. Helliwell. "Effects of Quantum Fields Outside Cosmic Strings." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 130 (1988): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900136939.

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The space surrounding a long straight cosmic string is flat but conical. The conical topology implies that such a string focuses light rays or particles passing by opposite sides of the string, which can have important astrophysical effects. The flatness, however, implies that the string has no gravitational influence on matter at rest with respect to the string. The flatness is a consequence of the fact that the tension along a cosmic string is equal to its linear mass density μ. There may be physical effects, however, which destroy the equality of tension and mass density, so that straight strings might after all affect matter at rest. One such effect we and others have calculated is the vacuum fluctuations of fields near the strings induced by the conical topology. Such fluctuation s are physically observable but normally small, as in the Casimir effect between parallel plates. We find the vacuum expectation value of the stress - energy tensor of a conformally coupled scalar field around a cosmic string to be in cylindrical coordinates (t, r, θ, z). The equality of Ttt and Tzz means that the effective tension and mass density of the vacuum fluctuations are equal, so that at least in a semiclassical approximation a string dressed by such fields still has no gravitational influence on matter at rest, even though it has a substantial mass density.

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32

VILLARREAL, C., R. JÁUREGUI, S. HACYAN, and G. COCHO. "QUANTUM NOISE IN RECTANGULAR CAVITIES." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 31 (October 10, 1992): 2957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392002329.

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We calculate the energy spectrum of vacuum fluctuations for a massless scalar field which satisfies boundary conditions inside a wave guide or a rectangular box. The spectrum is piecewise continuous in the first case and discrete in the second, and exhibits resonances which correspond, as expected, to the energy levels of a particle in a box (with the difference that all these levels are "occupied"). Since it is known that these fluctuations exhibit a very slow convergence to a Poisson distribution, we conjecture that a realistic detector must find severe quantum vacuum deviations from 'white' noise, except in the non-realistic limit of extremely high frequencies.

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33

Appugliese, Felice, Josefine Enkner, Gian Lorenzo Paravicini-Bagliani, Mattias Beck, Christian Reichl, Werner Wegscheider, Giacomo Scalari, Cristiano Ciuti, and Jérôme Faist. "Breakdown of topological protection by cavity vacuum fields in the integer quantum Hall effect." Science 375, no. 6584 (March 4, 2022): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl5818.

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The prospect of controlling the electronic properties of materials via the vacuum fields of cavity electromagnetic resonators is emerging as one of the frontiers of condensed matter physics. We found that the enhancement of vacuum field fluctuations in subwavelength split-ring resonators strongly affects one of the most paradigmatic quantum protectorates, the quantum Hall electron transport in high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases. The observed breakdown of the topological protection of the integer quantum Hall effect is interpreted in terms of a long-range cavity-mediated electron hopping where the anti-resonant terms of the light-matter coupling Hamiltonian develop into a finite resistivity induced by the vacuum fluctuations. Our experimental platform can be used for any two-dimensional material and provides a route to manipulate electron phases in matter by means of vacuum-field engineering.

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34

DYMNIKOVA, IRINA, and MICHAEL FIL'CHENKOV. "QUANTUM ORIGIN OF A HOT UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 07 (August 2003): 1197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803003591.

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We present the results on the quantum birth of a hot FRW universe in de Sitter vacuum from a quantum fluctuation which contains radiation and strings or some quintessence with the equation of state p=-ε/3. The presence of radiation results in quantum tunnelling from a discrete energy level with a non-zero quantized temperature. Energy levels have non-zero width corresponding to temperature fluctuations. The observational constraint on the CMB anisotropy selects the admissible range of the model parameters. For the GUT scale initial de Sitter vacuum, the lower limit on temperature at the start of classical evolution is close to the values predicted by theories of reheating, while an upper limit is far from the threshold for a monopole rest mass. The probability of quantum birth from a level of non-zero energy is much bigger than the probability of quantum birth from nothing. The presence of material with p=-ε/3 mimics a positive curvature term which makes possible quantum tunnelling for an open and a flat universe. Most plausible case is a flat universe arising from an initial fluctuation with a small admixture of radiation and strings with the negative deficit angle.

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35

Chemisana, Daniel, Jaume Giné, and Jaime Madrid. "Quantum fluctuations and the Casimir effect." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 08 (June 2020): 2050059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500595.

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The most important observable consequence of the vacuum fluctuations is the Casimir effect. Its classical manifestation is a force between two uncharged conductive plates placed a few nanometers apart. In this work, we improve the deduction of the Casimir effect from the uncertainty principle by using an effective radius for the quantum fluctuations. Moreover, the existence of this effective distance is discussed. Finally, a heuristic derivation of the Casimir energy for a spherical shell and a sphere-plate cases is given.

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36

Ivanova, A. E., S. A. Chivilikhin, and A. V. Gleim. "Quantum random number generator based on quantum nature of vacuum fluctuations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 917 (November 2017): 062008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/917/6/062008.

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37

GOLESTANIAN, RAMIN. "FORCE GENERATION DUE TO FLUCTUATIONS OF MEDIA AND BOUNDARIES." Modern Physics Letters B 18, no. 24 (October 20, 2004): 1225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904007815.

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In a fluctuating medium, whether of quantum, thermal, or non-thermal origins, an interaction is induced between external objects that modify the fluctuations. These interactions can appear in a vast variety of systems, leading to a plethora of interesting phenomena. Notable examples of these include: 1. like-charge attraction in the presence of multivalent counterions; 2. Ludwig–Soret effect in charged colloids; 3. mass renormalization of moving defects in a phononic background and moving metallic objects in electromagnetic quantum vacuum; 4. dissipation due to motion-induced radiation. Another related class of problems corresponds to stirring the media by dynamic deformations of the embedded bodies and benefiting from the back-reaction of the stirred media for force generation, such as force generation in swimming. The fluctuation-induced forces are statistical in nature, and this could make their measurements very difficult, because the actual value of the force might deviate most of the time from the predicted average value.

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38

TOMAZELLI, J. L., and D. E. ZANELLATO. "VACUUM FLUCTUATION CORRECTIONS TO MAXWELL ELECTRODYNAMICS REVISITED." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 19 (July 30, 2013): 1350095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500954.

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The influence of an external electromagnetic field on the vacuum structure of a quantized Dirac field is investigated by considering the quantum corrections to classical Maxwell's Lagrangian density induced by fluctuations of the nonperturbative vacuum. Effective Lagrangian densities for Maxwell's theory in (3 + 1) and (2 + 1) dimensions are derived from the vacuum zero-point energy of the fermion field in the context of a consistent Pauli–Villars–Rayski subtraction scheme, recovering Euler–Kockel–Heisenberg and Maxwell–Chern–Simons effective theories. Effective Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics is also discussed.

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39

Sbitnev, Valeriy I. "Hydrodynamics of the physical vacuum: Dark matter is an illusion." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 35 (October 28, 2015): 1550184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501849.

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The relativistic hydrodynamical equations are being examined with the aim of extracting the quantum-mechanical equations (the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation and the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic limit). In both cases we find the quantum potential, which follows from pressure gradients within a superfluid vacuum medium. This special fluid, endowed with viscosity allows to describe emergence of the flat orbital speeds of spiral galaxies. The viscosity averaged on time vanishes, but its variance is different from zero. It is a function fluctuating about zero. Therefore, the flattening is the result of the energy exchange of the torque with zero-point fluctuations of the physical vacuum on the ultra-low frequencies.

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40

Passante, Roberto. "Dispersion Interactions between Neutral Atoms and the Quantum Electrodynamical Vacuum." Symmetry 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10120735.

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Dispersion interactions are long-range interactions between neutral ground-state atoms or molecules, or polarizable bodies in general, due to their common interaction with the quantum electromagnetic field. They arise from the exchange of virtual photons between the atoms, and, in the case of three or more atoms, are not additive. In this review, after having introduced the relevant coupling schemes and effective Hamiltonians, as well as properties of the vacuum fluctuations, we outline the main properties of dispersion interactions, both in the nonretarded (van der Waals) and retarded (Casimir–Polder) regime. We then discuss their deep relation with the existence of the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field and vacuum energy. We describe some transparent physical models of two- and three-body dispersion interactions, based on dressed vacuum field energy densities and spatial field correlations, which stress their deep connection with vacuum fluctuations and vacuum energy. These models give a clear insight of the physical origin of dispersion interactions, and also provide useful computational tools for their evaluation. We show that this aspect is particularly relevant in more complicated situations, for example when macroscopic boundaries are present. We also review recent results on dispersion interactions for atoms moving with noninertial motions and the strict relation with the Unruh effect, and on resonance interactions between entangled identical atoms in uniformly accelerated motion.

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41

Elizaga Navascués, Beatriz, Daniel Martín de Blas, and Guillermo Mena Marugán. "The Vacuum State of Primordial Fluctuations in Hybrid Loop Quantum Cosmology." Universe 4, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe4100098.

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We investigate the role played by the vacuum of the primordial fluctuations in hybrid Loop Quantum Cosmology. We consider scenarios where the inflaton potential is a mass term and the unperturbed quantum geometry is governed by the effective dynamics of Loop Quantum Cosmology. In this situation, the phenomenologically interesting solutions have a preinflationary regime where the kinetic energy of the inflaton dominates over the potential. For these kind of solutions, we show that the primordial power spectra depend strongly on the choice of vacuum. We study in detail the case of adiabatic states of low order and the non-oscillating vacuum introduced by Martín de Blas and Olmedo, all imposed at the bounce. The adiabatic spectra are typically suppressed at large scales, and display rapid oscillations with an increase of power at intermediate scales. In the non-oscillating vacuum, there is power suppression for large scales, but the rapid oscillations are absent. We argue that the oscillations are due to the imposition of initial adiabatic conditions in the region of kinetic dominance, and that they would also be present in General Relativity. Finally, we discuss the sensitivity of our results to changes of the initial time and other data of the model.

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42

Giné, Jaume. "Quantum fluctuations and the double-slit experiment." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 18 (June 14, 2019): 1950139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501396.

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The double-slit experiment is a demonstration of wave-particle duality and one of the most fundamental experiments that help us understand the nature of quantum mechanics. In this work, we give a new explanation of this experiment in terms of the uncertainty principle and vacuum fluctuations. This explanation allows one to understand why the electron interferes with itself when being shot through the double-slit.

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43

Fong, King Yan, Hao-Kun Li, Rongkuo Zhao, Sui Yang, Yuan Wang, and Xiang Zhang. "Phonon heat transfer across a vacuum through quantum fluctuations." Nature 576, no. 7786 (December 11, 2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1800-4.

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44

Jaekel, Marc-Thierry, and Serge Reynaud. "Quantum fluctuations of position of a mirror in vacuum." Journal de Physique I 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1993114.

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Grado-Caffaro, M. A., and M. Grado-Caffaro. "On gravitational fluctuations of quantum vacuum interacting with photons." Optik 119, no. 1 (January 2008): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2006.06.009.

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46

Garriga, Jaume, and Alexander Vilenkin. "Quantum fluctuations on domain walls, strings, and vacuum bubbles." Physical Review D 45, no. 10 (May 15, 1992): 3469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.45.3469.

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47

Jaekel, Marc-Thierry, and Serge Reynaud. "Quantum fluctuations of mass for a mirror in vacuum." Physics Letters A 180, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90486-j.

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48

Santos, Emilio. "Objectification of classical properties induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations." Physics Letters A 188, no. 3 (May 1994): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90438-3.

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49

Pagani, Carlo, and Martin Reuter. "Background independent quantum field theory and gravitating vacuum fluctuations." Annals of Physics 411 (December 2019): 167972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2019.167972.

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50

Jaekel, Marc-Thierry, and Serge Reynaud. "Quantum fluctuations of vacuum stress tensors and spacetime curvatures." Annalen der Physik 507, no. 1 (1995): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19955070108.

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