Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantum theories as models of complexity'
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Kitto, Kirsty, and Kirsty Kitto@flinders edu au. "Modelling and Generating Complex Emergent Behaviour." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060626.132947.
Full textMehraban, Saeed. "Computational complexity of certain quantum theories in 1+1 dimensions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101472.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-145).
While physical theories attempt to break down the observed structure and behavior of possibly large and complex systems to short descriptive axioms, the perspective of a computer scientist is to start with simple and believable set of rules to discover their large scale behaviors. Computer science and physics, however, can be combined into a new framework, wherein structures can be compared with each other according to scalar observables like mass and temperature, and also complexity at the same time. For example, similar to saying that one object is heavier than the other, we can discuss which system is more complex. According to this point of view, a more complex system can be interpreted as the one which can be programmed to encode and simulate the behavior of the others within its own degrees of freedom. Within this framework, at the most fundamental layer, physical systems are related to languages. In this thesis, I try to exemplify this point of view through an analysis of certain quantum theories in two dimensional space-time. In simple words, these models are the quantum analogues of elastic scattering of colored balls moving on a line. The models are closely related to each other in both relativistic and non-relativistic regimes. Physical examples that motivate this are the factorized scattering matrix of quantum field theory, and the repulsive delta interactions of quantum mechanics, in 1+1 dimensions. In classical mechanics, when two hard balls collide, they bounce off and remain in the same order. However, in the quantum setting, during a collision, either the balls bounce off, or otherwise they tunnel through each other, and exchange their configurations. Each event occurs with a certain probability. As a result, moving balls are put in a superposition of being in different color configurations. Thereby, if we consider n distinct balls, the state space is according to their n! possible arrangements, and their collisions act as quantum transpositions. Quantum transpositions can then be viewed as local quantum gates. I therefore consider the general Hilbert space of permutations, and study the space of unitary operators that can be generated by the local permuting gates. I first show that all of the discussed quantum theories can be programmed into an idealized model, the quantum ball permuting model, and then I will try to pin down the language of this model within the already known complexity classes. The main approach is to consider a series of models, as the variations of the ball scattering problem, and then to relate them to each other, using tools of computational complexity and quantum complexity theory. I find that the computational complexity of the ball permuting model depends on the initial superposition of the balls. More precisely, if the balls start out from the identity permutation, the model can be simulated in a one clean qubit, which is believed to be strictly weaker than the standard model of quantum computing. Given this upper-bound on the ball permuting model, the result is that the model of ball scatterings can be simulated within a one clean qubit, if they start out from an identity permutation. Furthermore, I will demonstrate that if special superpositions are allowed in the initial state, then the ball permuting model can efficiently simulate and sample from the output distribution of standard quantum computers. Next, I show how to use intermediate demolition ball detections to simulate the ball permuting model nondeterministically. According to this result, using post-selection on the outcome of these measurements, one obtains the original ball permuting model. Therefore, the post-selected analogue of ball scattering model can efficiently simulate standard quantum computers, when arbitrary initial superpositions are allowed. In the end, I formalize a quantum computer based on ball collisions and intermediate ball detections, and then I prove that the possibility of efficient simulation of this model on a classical computer is ruled out, unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to its third level.
by Saeed Mehraban.
S.M.
Koh, Dax Enshan. "Classical simulation complexity of restricted models of quantum computation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122164.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 355-372).
Restricted models of quantum computation are mathematical models which describe quantum computers that have limited access to certain resources. Well-known examples of such models include the boson sampling model, extended Clifford circuits, and instantaneous quantum polynomial-time circuits. While unlikely to be universal for quantum computation, several of these models appear to be able to outperform classical computers at certain computational tasks, such as sampling from certain probability distributions. Understanding which of these models are capable of performing such tasks and characterizing the classical simulation complexity of these models--i.e. how hard it is to simulate these models on a classical computer--are some of the central questions we address in this thesis. Our first contribution is a classification of various extended Clifford circuits according to their classical simulation complexity.
Among these circuits are the conjugated Clifford circuits, which we prove cannot be efficiently classically simulated up to multiplicative or additive error, under certain plausible conjectures in computational complexity theory. Our second contribution is an estimate of the number of qubits needed in various restricted quantum computation models in order for them to be able to demonstrate quantum computational supremacy. Our estimate is obtained by fine-graining existing hardness results for these restricted models. Our third contribution is a new alternative proof of the Gottesman-Knill theorem, which states that Clifford circuits can be efficiently simulated by a classical computer. Our proof uses the sum-over-paths technique and establishes a correspondence between quantum circuits and a class of exponential sums. Our final contribution is a theorem characterizing the operations that can be efficiently simulated using a particular rebit simulator.
An application of this result is a generalization of the Gottesman-Knill theorem that allows for the efficient classical simulation of certain nonlinear operations.
"Funding support from the National Science Scholarship awarded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, as well as the Enabling Practical-scale Quantum Computing (EPiQC) Expedition, an NSF expedition in computing"--Page 6.
by Dax Enshan Koh.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics
Nolland, David John. "Quantum field theories with fermions in the Schrödinger representation." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4410/.
Full textCorrado, Richard Anthony. "Some aspects of the connection between field theories and gravity /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textGómez, Subils Javier. "Non-perturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theories from Holography." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672276.
Full textEn esta tesis hemos utilizado la dualidad holográfica para entender el régimen no perturbativo de una familia uni-paramétrica de teorías con múltiples escalas. Primeramente, hemos repasado los ingredientes esenciales que necesitamos de teoría de cuerdas. A la vez, hemos introducimos algunos resultados previos que son el punto de partida de nuestras investigaciones. Tras dicha introducción, se recogen todas las soluciones de supergravedad duales a las teorías en tres dimensiones que estudiamos. Genéricamente, comparten la misma física a altas energías pero a bajas energías muestran una rica fenomenología. En particular, desarrollan un salto de masa en su espectro. Curiosamente, las teorías correspondientes a tomar los valores límites del parámetro son especiales. En un caso, la teoría fluye a una teoría de campos conforme. En el otro se obtiene una teoría confinante, con potencial lineal entre quarks. También se calcula el espectro de estados con espín 0 y espín 2. Además, se analizan diferentes medidas de entrelazamiento cuántico que en nuestro caso no son capaces de discriminar entre teorías con confinamiento y teorías con un salto de masa. Esto contrasta con algunas propuestas que se encuentran en la literatura. Adicionalmente hemos construido numéricamente soluciones de branas negras, que describen estados térmicos de las teorías. Hemos descubierto un diagrama de fases muy rico, con transiciones de fase de primer y segundo orden, junto a un punto crítico y un punto triple. Interesados por el efecto que una teoría conforme de campos pudiera tener si es cercana al flujo del grupo de renormalización de otra teoría, en el Capítulo 5 nos adentramos en el estudio de teorías conformes de campos complejas, dando su el dual holográfico. Finalmente, se calculan coeficientes de transporte en teorías holográficas que modelan Cromodinámica Quántica y que podrían tener consecuencias fenomenológicas en observaciones referentes a estrellas de neutrones.
Volkholz, Jan. "Nonperturbative studies of quantum field theories on noncommutative spaces." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15712.
Full textThis work deals with three quantum field theories on spaces with noncommuting position operators. Noncommutative models occur in the study of string theories and quantum gravity. They usually elude treatment beyond the perturbative level. Due to the technique of dimensional reduction, however, we are able to investigate these theories nonperturbatively. This entails translating the action functionals into a matrix language, which is suitable for numerical simulations. First we explore a scalar model on a noncommutative plane. We investigate the continuum limit at fixed noncommutativity, which is known as the double scaling limit. Here we focus especially on the fate of the striped phase, a phase peculiar to the noncommutative version of the regularized scalar model. We find no evidence for its existence in the double scaling limit. Next we examine the U(1) gauge theory on a four-dimensional spacetime, where two spatial directions are noncommutative. We examine the phase structure and find a new phase with a spontaneously broken translation symmetry. In addition we demonstrate the existence of a finite double scaling limit which confirms the renormalizability of the theory. Furthermore we investigate the dispersion relation of the photon. In the weak coupling phase our results are consistent with an infrared instability predicted by perturbation theory. If the translational symmetry is broken, however, we find a dispersion relation corresponding to a massless particle. Finally, we investigate a supersymmetric theory on the fuzzy sphere, which features scalar neutral bosons and Majorana fermions. The supersymmetry is exact in the limit of infinitely large matrices. We investigate the phase structure of the model and find three distinct phases. Summarizing, we study noncommutative field theories beyond perturbation theory. Moreover, we simulate a supersymmetric theory on the fuzzy sphere, which might provide an alternative to attempted lattice formulations.
Riederer, Stéphane Jean. "D-theory formulation of quantum field theories and application to CP(N-1) models /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/06riederer_sj.pdf.
Full textMuntean, Ioan Lucian. "Unification and explanation in early Kaluza-Klein theories." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369373.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed September 17, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 444-468).
Karabin, Svyatoslav. "Generalized hydrodynamics of a class of integrable quantum field theories with non-diagonal scattering." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18009/.
Full textDelporte, Nicolas. "Tensor Field Theories : Renormalization and Random Geometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP011.
Full textThis thesis divides into two parts, focusing on the renormalization of quantum field theories. The first part considers three tensor models in three dimensions, a fermionic quartic with tensors of rank-3 and two bosonic sextic, of ranks 3 and 5. We rely upon the large-N melonic expansion of tensor models. For the first model, invariant under U(N)³, we compute the renormalization group flow of the two melonic couplings and establish the vacuum phase diagram, from a reformulation with a diagonalizable matrix intermediate field. Noting a spontaneous symmetry breaking of the discrete chiral symmetry, the comparison with the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu model is made. Beyond the massless U(N)³ symmetric phase, we also observe a massive phase of same symmetry and another where the symmetry breaks into U(N²) x U(N/2) x U(N/2). A matrix model invariant under U(N) x U(N²), sharing the same properties, is also studied.For the two other tensor models, with symmetry groups U(N)³ and O(N)⁵, a non-melonic coupling (the ``wheel") with an optimal scaling in N drives us to a generalized melonic expansion. The kinetic terms are taken of short and long range, and we analyze perturbatively, at large-N, the renormalization group flows of the sextic couplings up to four loops. While the rank-5 model doesn't present any non-trivial fixed point, that of rank 3 displays two real non-trivial Wilson-Fisher fixed points in the short-range case and a line of fixed points in the other. We finally obtain the real conformal dimensions of the primary operators bilinear in the fundamental field.In the second part, we establish the first results of constructive multi-scale renormalization for a quartic scalar field on critical Galton-Watson trees, with a long-range kinetic term. At the critical point, an emergent infinite spine provides a space of effective dimension 4/3 on which to compute averaged correlation fonctions. This approach formalizes the notion of a quantum field theory on a random geometry. We use known probabilistic bounds on the heat-kernel on a random graph. At the end, we sketch the extension of the formalism to fermions and to a compactified spine
Carrozza, Sylvain. "Tensorial methods and renormalization in Group Field Theories." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112147/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the structure of Group Field Theories (GFTs) from the point of view of renormalization theory.Such quantum field theories are found in approaches to quantum gravity related to Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) on the one hand,and to matrix models and tensor models on the other hand. They model quantum space-time, in the sense that their Feynman amplitudes label triangulations, which can be understood as transition amplitudes between LQG spin network states. The question of renormalizability is crucial if one wants to establish interesting GFTs as well-defined (perturbative) quantum field theories, and in a second step connect them to known infrared gravitational physics. Relying on recently developed tensorial tools, this thesis explores the GFT formalism in two complementary directions. First, new results on the large cut-off expansion of the colored Boulatov-Ooguri models allow to explore further a non-perturbative regime in which infinitely many degrees of freedom contribute. The second set of results provide a new rigorous framework for the renormalization of so-called Tensorial GFTs (TGFTs) with gauge invariance condition. In particular, a non-trivial 3d TGFT with gauge group SU(2) is proven just-renormalizable at the perturbative level, hence opening the way to applications of the formalism to (3d Euclidean) quantum gravity
Robinson, Matthew Brandon Cleaver Gerald B. "Towards a systematic investigation of weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string gauge group statistics." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5358.
Full textGarolera, Huguet Blai. "Probing gauge theories: Exact results and holographic computations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289346.
Full textDurant les darreres dues dècades ha aparegut un nou paradigma que permet reformular completament certes teories quàntiques de camps i ens aporta una nova eina que ens permet realitzar càlculs analítics en règims fins ara inaccessibles. Aquest nou paradigma sorgeix del descobriment d’una correspondència o dualitat exacta entre dues teories aparentment molt diferents. Per una banda de la dualitat tenim certes teories quàntiques de camps, com per exemple les denominades teories de Yang-Mills, similars a les teories del Model Estàndard. Aquestes descriuen partícules interactuant en un espai pla d-dimensional sense gravetat. A l’altra banda de la dualitat trobem teories que inclouen la gravetat, com ara la Teoria de la Relativitat General d’Einstein o les seves generalitzacions en el marc de la Teoria de Cordes. Aquestes teories de gravetat estan definides sobre espais de dimensió més alta que d, i és per això que aquesta correspondència rep sovint l’adjectiu de “hologràfica”. Depenent del context, aquesta rep el nom de dualitat gauge/gravetat, dualitat gauge/corda o AdS/CFT (acrònim anglès per la correspondència particular entre teoria de cordes a espais d’Anti-de Sitter i teories de camps conformes). Fins ara, una de les correspondències més ben estudiades i que comprenem millor (i sobre la qual es centra la present tesi) és la dualitat entre la teoria quatre-dimensional N = 4 super Yang-Mills amb grup de gauge SU (N ) i teoria de cordes tipus IIB en un espai deu-dimensional AdS5 × S5 . Aquesta tesi presenta una recopilació de quatre articles publicats en revistes científiques d’alt impacte, tots ells en el camp de la correspondència AdS/CFT i centrats en l’estudi de teories gauge supersimètriques mitjançant la inserció de partícules de prova infinitament massives, seguint trajectòries determinades i transformant sota diverses representacions del grup de gauge. Cadascun d’aquests treballs aporta un pas endavant en el desenvolupament de noves estratègies per calcular correccions més enllà del primer ordre així com en l’ús de resultats exactes accessibles a la Teoria Quàntica de Camps per tal de derivar expressions exactes d’altres observables rellevants de la teoria i realitzar prediccions de Teoria de Cordes.
Vernier, Eric. "Non compact conformal field theories in statistical mechanics." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0005/document.
Full textThe critical points of statistical mechanical systems in 2 dimensions or quantum mechanical systems in 1+1 dimensions (this also includes non interacting systems in 2+1 dimensions) are effciently tackled by the exact methods of conformal fieldtheory (CFT) and integrability, which have witnessed a spectacular progress during the past 40 years. Several problems have however escaped an exact understanding so far, among which the plateau transition in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect,the main reason for this being that such problems are usually associated with non unitary, logarithmic conformal field theories, the tentative classification of which leading to formidable mathematical dificulties. Turning to a lattice approach, andin particular to the quest for integrable, exactly sovable representatives of these problems, one hits the second dificulty that the associated CFTs are usually of the non compact type, or in other terms that they involve a continuum of criticalexponents. The connection between non compact field theories and lattice models or spin chains is indeed not very clear, and in particular it has long been believed that the former could not arise as the continuum limit of discrete models built out of acompact set of degrees of freedom, which are the only ones allowing for a systematic construction of exact solutions.In this thesis, we show that the world of compact lattice models/spin chains with a non compact continuum limit is much bigger than what could be expected from the few particular examples known up to this date. More precisely we propose an exact Bethe ansatz solution of an infinite family of models (the so-called $a_n^{(2)}$ models, as well as some results on the $b_n^{(1)}$ models), and show that all of these models allow for a regime described by a non compact CFT. Such models include cases ofgreat physical relevance, among which a model for two-dimensional polymers with attractive interactions and loop models involved in the description of coupled Potts models or in a tentative description of the quantum Hall plateau transition by somecompact geometrical truncation. We show that the existence of an unsuspected non compact continuum limit for such models can have dramatic practical effects, for instance on the output of numerical determination of the critical exponents or ofMonte-Carlo simulations. We put our results to use for a better understanding of the controversial theta transition describing the collapse of polymers in two dimensions, and draw perspectives on a possible understanding of the quantum Hall plateautransition by the lattice approach
Myburgh, Roche Francois. "Theories of non-linear systems : a paradigm for organizational thinking." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53663.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The advent of the computer age has seen many fundamental changes in the economics. The ease with which organisations can store and transmit information in unprecedented quantities and speeds has changed the face of the economy as well as the way in which organisations conduct their day to day operations. Information has become the primary resource for organisational competitiveness and this has seen an increasing drive for efficient information generation and management in an economy that is interconnected on a global scale. The demand for better information management practices is driven by the realisation that the global economy is susceptible to sudden and unpredictable changes that can potentially have global consequences. The more information organisations have at their disposal, the better their chances are of remaining competitive and relevant in the global economy. The informational economy confronts organisations with two very significant problems, the first is information overload due to the sheer volume of information that is available to them. The second problem is that despite the volume of available information organisations still are not privy to all the information that is required to lessen the impact of uncertainty that is so characteristic of the global economy. Organisations therefore always run the' risk of becoming irrelevant if they do not change constantly. This drive for continuous change and the dependence on information has led some organisational theorists and economists to compare the global economy and organisations to nonlinear systems found in nature. Examples of nonlinear systems are living organisms, ecologies and solar systems. All of these systems are characterised by high levels of interconnectedness and interdependence among individual units within a shared environment, which they co-create. Nonlinear systems are of particular interest to organisational theorists because these systems process information about the environment to adapt in an unpredictable way to unpredictable changes. Such systems are incredibly resilient because they are able to learn and adapt to different conditions. Another notable aspect of nonlinear systems is the clear structured and complex organisation that they exhibit in the absence of centralised control mechanisms. Every unit has the liberty to experiment with new designs and from the success of individual units an organised and stable system emerges with a strong link between the success of individuals and the whole system. The order that exists within nonlinear systems is known as self-organisation because it is not superimposed but emerges instead in a spontaneous manner. Nonlinear systems are therefore more than just the sum of their parts. The notion of nonlinear systems and self-organisation has seen authors such as Stacey, Wheatley and Senge develop new ideas about organisational development, leadership and organisational strategic thinking. Their ideas are based on what is popularly known as 'The New Science'. These ideas attempt to encourage organisations realise that the global economy functions as a nonlinear system and that organisations stand a better chance of success if they learn to understand the principles of nonlinear systems and to utilise the inherent creative and organising characteristics of such systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van die rekenaar era het verskeie fundamentele veranderinge in ekonomie mee gebring. Die gemak en snelheid waarmee organisasies informasie kan stoor en versprei is ongekend en het terselfde tyd die voorkoms van die ekonomie verander asook die wyse waarop organisasies op 'n daaglikse basis funksioneer. Informasie het die belangrikste hulpbron geword vir organisasies in terme van kompetering en dit het 'n groter dryfkrag vir doeltreffende informasie ontginning en bestuur mee gebring in 'n ekonomie wat op 'n wereldwye skaal in mekaar gevleg is. Die aanvraag vir beter informasie bestuur praktyke word gedryf deur die wete dat die wereld ekonomie vatbaar is vir skielike en onvoorspelbare veranderinge wat potensieel 'n wereldwye impak kan he. Hoe meer informasie organisasies tot hul beskikking het hoe beter is hul kans om relevant en kompeterend te bly in die wereld ekonomie. Die informasie ekonomie konfronteer organisasies met twee fundamentele probleme. Die eerste gevaar is dat organisasies oorlaai kan word met informasie as gevolg van die absolute volume van beskikbare informasie. Die tweede probleem spruit voort uit die feit dat ten spyte van die beskikbare informasie, lei organisasies steeds aan 'n gebrek aan algehele informasie, organisasies kan dus nooit toegang he tot al die informasie wat benodig word om die impak te verminder van die onsekerheid wat so kenmerkend is van die wereld ekonomie. Organisasies loop dus altyd die gevaar om irrelevant te raak as hulle nie konstant aanpas by nuwe omstandighede nie. Hierdie soeke na konstante verandering en die afhanklikheid op informasie het verskeie organisasie teoretici en ekonome daartoe gelei om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen die wereld ekonomie en organisasies aan die een kant en nie-Iiniere sisteme wat in die natuur voorkom. Voorbeelde van sulke sisteme sluit lewende organismes, ekostelsels en sterre stelsels in. Die komponente van al hierdie sisteme is op 'n komplekse wyse inmekaar geweef en interafhanklik op mekaar binne die raamwerk van gemeenskaplike omgewing waarvoor hierdie komponente mede verantwoordelik is. Nie-liniere sisteme is van besondere belang vir organisasie teoretici omdat die betrokke sisteme informasie verwerk aangaande hul omgewing om op 'n onvoorspelbare wyse aan te pas by onvoorspelbare veranderinge in die omgewing. Sulke sisteme is uitsonderlik standvastig deurdat hulle kan leer en aanpas by verskillende omstandighede. Nog 'n merkbare aspek van sulke sisteme is die duidelik gestruktureerde en komplekse organisasie wat bestaan ten spyte van 'n algehele gebrek aan gesentraliseerde beheer meganismes. Elke komponent is vry om met 'n nuwe ontwerp te eksperimenteer en vanuit die sukses van die komponente spruit die sukses van die sisteem. Die organisasie wat sigbaar is in nie-liniere sisteme staan bekend as self-organisasie omdat dit nie voortspruit uit 'n sentrale beheer meganisme nie maar instede spontaan onstaan as 'n gevolg van die aksies van komponente. Nie-Iiniere sisteme het die potensiaal om meer te kan wees as die somtotaal van hul komponente. Die beginsel van nie-liniere sisteme en selforganisasie het skrywers soos Stacey, Wheatley en Senge daartoe gelei om nuwe idees te ontwikkel rakende organisasie ontwikkeling, leierskap en strategiese beplanning in organisasies. Hierdie idees is gegrond in wat algemeen bekend staan as 'The New Science'. Die idees van hierdie skrywers is gemik daarop om organisasies aan te moedig om raak te sien dat die wereld ekonomie soos 'n nie-liniere sisteem funksioneer en dat organisasies as sulks 'n beter kans staan om sukses te behaal as hulle sou leer om die beginsels van nie-liniere sisteme te begryp en die inherente kreatiewe en organiserings eienskappe van sulke sisteme uit te buit.
Purewal, Tarsem Singh. "Nondeterministic complexity in quantum and classical models of computation." 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/purewal%5Ftarsem%5Fs%5F200705%5Fphd.
Full textMorris, Ryan. "Topics in Quantum Foundations: Ontological Models, and Distinguishability as a Resource." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4583.
Full text