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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum quench, out of equilibrium physics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Lokhande, Sagar F. "Spread of Entanglement in Non-Relativistic Theories." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (November 12, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9151707.

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We use a simple holographic toy model to study global quantum quenches in strongly coupled, hyperscaling-violating-Lifshitz quantum field theories using entanglement entropy as a probe. Generalizing our conformal field theory results, we show that the holographic entanglement entropy of small subsystems can be written as a simple linear response relation. We use this relation to derive a time-dependent first law of entanglement entropy. In general, this law has a time-dependent term resembling relative entropy which we propose as a good order parameter to characterize out-of-equilibrium states in the post-quench evolution. We use these tools to study a broad class of quantum quenches in detail: instantaneous, power law, and periodic.

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2

Sindona, Antonello, Michele Pisarra, Mario Gravina, Cristian Vacacela Gomez, Pierfrancesco Riccardi, Giovanni Falcone, and Francesco Plastina. "Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (March 18, 2015): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.78.

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The sudden introduction of a local impurity in a Fermi sea leads to an anomalous disturbance of its quantum state that represents a local quench, leaving the system out of equilibrium and giving rise to the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe. The statistics of the work done describe the energy fluctuations produced by the quench, providing an accurate and detailed insight into the fundamental physics of the process. We present here a numerical approach to the non-equilibrium work distribution, supported by applications to phenomena occurring at very diverse energy ranges. One of them is the valence electron shake-up induced by photo-ionization of a core state in a fullerene molecule. The other is the response of an ultra-cold gas of trapped fermions to an embedded two-level atom excited by a fast pulse. Working at low thermal energies, we detect the primary role played by many-particle states of the perturbed system with one or two excited fermions. We validate our approach through the comparison with some photoemission data on fullerene films and previous analytical calculations on harmonically trapped Fermi gases.

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3

Rossini, Davide, Rosario Fazio, Vittorio Giovannetti, and Alessandro Silva. "Quantum quenches, linear response and superfluidity out of equilibrium." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 107, no. 3 (July 23, 2014): 30002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/107/30002.

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4

Rossi, Lorenzo, Fabrizio Dolcini, Fabio Cavaliere, Niccolò Traverso Ziani, Maura Sassetti, and Fausto Rossi. "Signature of Generalized Gibbs Ensemble Deviation from Equilibrium: Negative Absorption Induced by a Local Quench." Entropy 23, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020220.

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When a parameter quench is performed in an isolated quantum system with a complete set of constants of motion, its out of equilibrium dynamics is considered to be well captured by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), characterized by a set {λα} of coefficients related to the constants of motion. We determine the most elementary GGE deviation from the equilibrium distribution that leads to detectable effects. By quenching a suitable local attractive potential in a one-dimensional electron system, the resulting GGE differs from equilibrium by only one single λα, corresponding to the emergence of an only partially occupied bound state lying below a fully occupied continuum of states. The effect is shown to induce optical gain, i.e., a negative peak in the absorption spectrum, indicating the stimulated emission of radiation, enabling one to identify GGE signatures in fermionic systems through optical measurements. We discuss the implementation in realistic setups.

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5

Parez, Gilles, Riccarda Bonsignori, and Pasquale Calabrese. "Dynamics of charge-imbalance-resolved entanglement negativity after a quench in a free-fermion model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 053103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac666c.

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Abstract The presence of a global internal symmetry in a quantum many-body system is reflected in the fact that the entanglement between its subparts is endowed with an internal structure, namely it can be decomposed as a sum of contributions associated to each symmetry sector. The symmetry resolution of entanglement measures provides a formidable tool to probe the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems. Here, we study the time evolution of charge-imbalance-resolved negativity after a global quench in the context of free-fermion systems, complementing former works for the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy. We find that the charge-imbalance-resolved logarithmic negativity shows an effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large times and system size, with a perfect equipartition for early and infinite times. We also derive and conjecture a formula for the dynamics of the charged Rényi logarithmic negativities. We argue that our results can be understood in the framework of the quasiparticle picture for the entanglement dynamics, and provide a conjecture that we expect to be valid for generic integrable models.

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6

Bera, Sangita, Luca Salasnich, and Barnali Chakrabarti. "Correlation Dynamics of Dipolar Bosons in 1D Triple Well Optical Lattice." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070909.

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The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking and off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) are associated with Bose–Einstein condensation. However, as in the system of reduced dimension the effect of quantum fluctuation is dominating, the concept of ODLRO becomes more interesting, especially for the long-range interaction. In the present manuscript, we study the correlation dynamics triggered by lattice depth quench in a system of three dipolar bosons in a 1D triple-well optical lattice from the first principle using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (MCTDHB). Our main motivation is to explore how ODLRO develops and decays with time when the system is brought out-of-equilibrium by a sudden change in the lattice depth. We compare results of dipolar bosons with contact interaction. For forward quench ( V f > V i ) , the system exhibits the collapse–revival dynamics in the time evolution of normalized first- and second-order Glauber’s correlation function, time evolution of Shannon information entropy both for the contact as well as for the dipolar interaction which is reminiscent of the one observed in Greiner’s experiment [Nature, 415 (2002)]. We define the collapse and revival time ratio as the figure of merit ( τ ) which can uniquely distinguish the timescale of dynamics for dipolar interaction from that of contact interaction. In the reverse quench process ( V i > V f ) , for dipolar interaction, the dynamics is complex and the system does not exhibit any definite time scale of evolution, whereas the system with contact interaction exhibits collapse–revival dynamics with a definite time-scale. The long-range repulsive tail in the dipolar interaction inhibits the spreading of correlation across the lattice sites.

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7

Parez, Gilles, Riccarda Bonsignori, and Pasquale Calabrese. "Erratum: Exact quench dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement in a free fermion chain (2021 J. Stat. Mech. 093102)." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 129901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aca586.

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Abstract The study of the entanglement dynamics plays a fundamental role in understanding the behaviour of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. In the presence of a globally conserved charge, further insights are provided by the knowledge of the resolution of entanglement in the various symmetry sectors. Here, we carry on the program we initiated in Parez et al (2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 L041104), for the study of the time evolution of the symmetry resolved entanglement in free fermion systems. We complete and extend our derivations also by defining and quantifying a symmetry resolved mutual information. The entanglement entropies display a time delay that depends on the charge sector that we characterise exactly. Both entanglement entropies and mutual information show effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large time and subsystem size. Furthermore, we argue that the behaviour of the charged entropies can be quantitatively understood in the framework of the quasiparticle picture for the spreading of entanglement, and hence we expect that a proper adaptation of our results should apply to a large class of integrable systems. We also find that the number entropy grows logarithmically with time before saturating to a value proportional to the logarithm of the subsystem size.

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8

Hess, P. W., P. Becker, H. B. Kaplan, A. Kyprianidis, A. C. Lee, B. Neyenhuis, G. Pagano, et al. "Non-thermalization in trapped atomic ion spin chains." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2108 (October 30, 2017): 20170107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0107.

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Linear arrays of trapped and laser-cooled atomic ions are a versatile platform for studying strongly interacting many-body quantum systems. Effective spins are encoded in long-lived electronic levels of each ion and made to interact through laser-mediated optical dipole forces. The advantages of experiments with cold trapped ions, including high spatio-temporal resolution, decoupling from the external environment and control over the system Hamiltonian, are used to measure quantum effects not always accessible in natural condensed matter samples. In this review, we highlight recent work using trapped ions to explore a variety of non-ergodic phenomena in long-range interacting spin models, effects that are heralded by the memory of out-of-equilibrium initial conditions. We observe long-lived memory in static magnetizations for quenched many-body localization and prethermalization, while memory is preserved in the periodic oscillations of a driven discrete time crystal state. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Breakdown of ergodicity in quantum systems: from solids to synthetic matter’.

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9

Iglói, Ferenc, Gergő Roósz, and Yu-Cheng Lin. "Non-equilibrium quench dynamics in quantum quasicrystals." New Journal of Physics 15, no. 2 (February 25, 2013): 023036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023036.

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10

Irsigler, Bernhard, and Tobias Grass. "The quantum annealing gap and quench dynamics in the exact cover problem." Quantum 6 (January 18, 2022): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-18-624.

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Quenching and annealing are extreme opposites in the time evolution of a quantum system: Annealing explores equilibrium phases of a Hamiltonian with slowly changing parameters and can be exploited as a tool for solving complex optimization problems. In contrast, quenches are sudden changes of the Hamiltonian, producing a non-equilibrium situation. Here, we investigate the relation between the two cases. Specifically, we show that the minimum of the annealing gap, which is an important bottleneck of quantum annealing algorithms, can be revealed from a dynamical quench parameter which describes the dynamical quantum state after the quench. Combined with statistical tools including the training of a neural network, the relation between quench and annealing dynamics can be exploited to reproduce the full functional behavior of the annealing gap from the quench data. We show that the partial or full knowledge about the annealing gap which can be gained in this way can be used to design optimized quantum annealing protocols with a practical time-to-solution benefit. Our results are obtained from simulating random Ising Hamiltonians, representing hard-to-solve instances of the exact cover problem.

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11

Carrega, Matteo, Joonho Kim, and Dario Rosa. "Unveiling Operator Growth Using Spin Correlation Functions." Entropy 23, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050587.

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In this paper, we study non-equilibrium dynamics induced by a sudden quench of strongly correlated Hamiltonians with all-to-all interactions. By relying on a Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK)-based quench protocol, we show that the time evolution of simple spin-spin correlation functions is highly sensitive to the degree of k-locality of the corresponding operators, once an appropriate set of fundamental fields is identified. By tracking the time-evolution of specific spin-spin correlation functions and their decay, we argue that it is possible to distinguish between operator-hopping and operator growth dynamics; the latter being a hallmark of quantum chaos in many-body quantum systems. Such an observation, in turn, could constitute a promising tool to probe the emergence of chaotic behavior, rather accessible in state-of-the-art quench setups.

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12

Rodriguez-Vega, Martin, Maia G. Vergniory, and Gregory A. Fiete. "Quantum materials out of equilibrium." Physics Today 75, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5001.

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13

Razavian, Sholeh, and Matteo G. A. Paris. "Quantum metrology out of equilibrium." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 525 (July 2019): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.03.125.

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14

Heitmann, Tjark, Jonas Richter, Dennis Schubert, and Robin Steinigeweg. "Selected applications of typicality to real-time dynamics of quantum many-body systems." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 75, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2020-0010.

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AbstractLoosely speaking, the concept of quantum typicality refers to the fact that a single pure state can imitate the full statistical ensemble. This fact has given rise to a rather simple but remarkably useful numerical approach to simulate the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, called dynamical quantum typicality (DQT). In this paper, we give a brief overview of selected applications of DQT, where particular emphasis is given to questions on transport and thermalization in low-dimensional lattice systems like chains or ladders of interacting spins or fermions. For these systems, we discuss that DQT provides an efficient means to obtain time-dependent equilibrium correlation functions for comparatively large Hilbert-space dimensions and long time scales, allowing the quantitative extraction of transport coefficients within the framework of, e. g., linear response theory (LRT). Furthermore, it is discussed that DQT can also be used to study the far-from-equilibrium dynamics resulting from sudden quench scenarios, where the initial state is a thermal Gibbs state of the pre-quench Hamiltonian. Eventually, we summarize a few combinations of DQT with other approaches such as numerical linked cluster expansions or projection operator techniques. In this way, we demonstrate the versatility of DQT.

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15

Venuti, Lorenzo Campos, and Paolo Zanardi. "Theory of temporal fluctuations in isolated quantum systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 14 (May 22, 2015): 1530008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921530008x.

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When an isolated quantum system is driven out of equilibrium, expectation values of general observables start oscillating in time. This paper reviews the general theory of such temporal fluctuations. We first survey some results on the strength of such temporal fluctuations. For example temporal fluctuations are exponentially small in the system's volume for generic systems whereas they fall-off algebraically in integrable systems. We then concentrate on the so-called quench scenario where the system is driven out-of-equilibrium under the application of a sudden perturbation. For sufficiently small perturbations, temporal fluctuations of physical observables can be characterized in full generality and can be used as an effective tool to probe quantum criticality of the underlying model. In the off-critical region the distribution becomes Gaussian. Close to criticality the distribution becomes a universal function uniquely characterized by a single critical exponent, that we compute explicitly. This contrasts standard equilibrium quantum fluctuations for which the critical distribution depends on a numerable set of critical coefficients and is known only for limited examples. The possibility of using temporal fluctuations to determine pseudo-critical boundaries in optical lattice experiments is further reviewed.

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16

Ji, Heng-Xi, Lin-Han Mo, and Xin Wan. "Dynamics of the Entanglement Zero Modes in the Haldane Model under a Quantum Quench." Chinese Physics Letters 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/3/030301.

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We investigate evolution of entanglement spectra of the Haldane model for Chern insulators upon a sudden quench within the same topological phase. In particular, we focus on the location of the entanglement spectrum crossing, which signifies the bulk topology. It is shown that the coplanarity condition for the pseudomagnetic field of the model, which can be used to determine the crossing in the equilibrium case, needs to be relaxed. We analytically derive the non-equilibrium condition with the help of an edge-state wave function ansatz and a dynamically induced length-scale cutoff. With spectral analyses, it is realized that the oscillatory behavior of the crossing is dominated by the interband excitations at the van Hove singularities.

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17

Niégawa, Akira. "Out of Equilibrium Quantum Field Theory." Progress of Theoretical Physics 102, no. 1 (July 1999): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.102.1.

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18

Leyton, V., A. Arguëlles, and M. Camargo. "Quench Dynamics of Neutral Atoms in Out-Equilibrium One-Dimensional Optical Lattices." Communications in Theoretical Physics 70, no. 4 (October 2018): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/70/4/496.

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19

Halimeh, Jad C., Maarten Van Damme, Torsten V. Zache, Debasish Banerjee, and Philipp Hauke. "Achieving the quantum field theory limit in far-from-equilibrium quantum link models." Quantum 6 (December 19, 2022): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-12-19-878.

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Realizations of gauge theories in setups of quantum synthetic matter open up the possibility of probing salient exotic phenomena in condensed matter and high-energy physics, along with potential applications in quantum information and science technologies. In light of the impressive ongoing efforts to achieve such realizations, a fundamental question regarding quantum link model regularizations of lattice gauge theories is how faithfully they capture the quantum field theory limit of gauge theories. Recent work \cite{zache2021achieving} has shown through analytic derivations, exact diagonalization, and infinite matrix product state calculations that the low-energy physics of 1+1D U(1) quantum link models approaches the quantum field theory limit already at small link spin length S. Here, we show that the approach to this limit also lends itself to the far-from-equilibrium quench dynamics of lattice gauge theories, as demonstrated by our numerical simulations of the Loschmidt return rate and the chiral condensate in infinite matrix product states, which work directly in the thermodynamic limit. Similar to our findings in equilibrium that show a distinct behavior between half-integer and integer link spin lengths, we find that criticality emerging in the Loschmidt return rate is fundamentally different between half-integer and integer spin quantum link models in the regime of strong electric-field coupling. Our results further affirm that state-of-the-art finite-size ultracold-atom and NISQ-device implementations of quantum link lattice gauge theories have the real potential to simulate their quantum field theory limit even in the far-from-equilibrium regime.

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20

Maisel, Lucas, and Rosa López. "Effective Equilibrium in Out-of-Equilibrium Interacting Coupled Nanoconductors." Entropy 22, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010008.

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In the present work, we study a mesoscopic system consisting of a double quantum dot in which both quantum dots or artificial atoms are electrostatically coupled. Each dot is additionally tunnel coupled to two electronic reservoirs and driven far from equilibrium by external voltage differences. Our objective is to find configurations of these biases such that the current through one of the dots vanishes. In this situation, the validity of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and Onsager’s reciprocity relations has been established. In our analysis, we employ a master equation formalism for a minimum model of four charge states, and limit ourselves to the sequential tunneling regime. We numerically study those configurations far from equilibrium for which we obtain a stalling current. In this scenario, we explicitly verify the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, as well as Onsager’s reciprocity relations, which are originally formulated for systems in which quantum transport takes place in the linear regime.

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21

Scopa, Stefano, and Dávid X. Horváth. "Exact hydrodynamic description of symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies after a quantum quench." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 083104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac85eb.

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Abstract We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies in a one-dimensional gas of non-interacting spinless fermions by means of quantum generalised hydrodynamics, which recently allowed to obtain very accurate results for the total entanglement in inhomogeneous quench settings. Although our discussion is valid for any quench setting accessible with quantum generalised hydrodynamics, we focus on the case of a quantum gas initially prepared in a bipartite fashion and subsequently let evolve unitarily with a hopping Hamiltonian. For this system, we characterise the symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies as function of time t and of the entangling position x along the inhomogeneous profile. We observe an asymptotic logarithmic growth of the charged moments at half system and an asymptotic restoration of equipartition of entropy among symmetry sectors with deviations which are proportional to the square of the inverse of the total entropy.

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22

BEDAQUE, PAULO F., and ASHOK DAS. "OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM PHASE TRANSITIONS AND A TOY MODEL FOR DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATES." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 33 (October 30, 1993): 3151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393002099.

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We study the dynamics of a second order phase transition in a situation that mimics a sudden quench to a temperature below the critical temperature in a model with dynamical symmetry breaking. In particular we show that the domains of correlated values of the condensate grow as [Formula: see text] and that this result seems to be largely model-independent.

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23

Borsányi, Sz, and U. Reinosa. "Renormalisation of out-of-equilibrium quantum fields." Nuclear Physics A 820, no. 1-4 (April 2009): 147c—150c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.01.036.

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24

Franchi, Alessio, Davide Rossini, and Ettore Vicari. "Decoherence and energy flow in the sunburst quantum Ising model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 083103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac8284.

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Abstract We study the post-quench unitary dynamics of a quantum sunburst spin model, composed of a transverse-field quantum Ising ring which is suddenly coupled to a set of independent external qubits along the longitudinal direction, in a way to respect a residual translation invariance and the Ising Z 2 symmetry. Starting from the different equilibrium quantum phases of the system, we characterize the decoherence and the energy storage in the external qubits, which may be interpreted as a probing apparatus for the inner Ising ring. Our results show that, in proximity of the quantum transitions of the Ising ring, either first-order or continuous, it is possible to put forward dynamic finite-size scaling frameworks which unveil peculiar scaling regimes, depending on the way in which the large-size limit is taken: either by fixing the number n of probing qubits, or their interspace distance b. In any case, the dependence of the various observables on n can be reabsorbed into a redefinition of the quench parameter by a n prefactor. We also address the role of a nearest-neighbor coupling between the external qubits.

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25

Hubeny, Veronika E., and Mukund Rangamani. "A Holographic View on Physics out of Equilibrium." Advances in High Energy Physics 2010 (2010): 1–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/297916.

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We review the recent developments in applying holographic methods to understand nonequilibrium physics in strongly coupled field theories. The emphasis will be on elucidating the relation between evolution of quantum field theories perturbed away from equilibrium and the dual picture of dynamics of classical fields in black hole backgrounds. In particular, we discuss the linear response regime, the hydrodynamic regime, and finally the nonlinear regime of interacting quantum systems. We also describe how the duality might be used to learn some salient aspects of black hole physics in terms of field theory observables.

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26

Brunelli, M., A. Xuereb, A. Ferraro, G. De Chiara, N. Kiesel, and M. Paternostro. "Out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum optomechanical systems." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2015): 035016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/035016.

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27

Platini, T., and D. Karevski. "Out of equilibrium process in Ising quantum chains." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 40 (May 1, 2006): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/40/1/011.

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28

Garrido, Pedro L., Pablo Hurtado, Daniel Manzano, and Francisco de los Santos. "Quantum systems in and out of equilibrium." European Physical Journal Special Topics 227, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2018-800100-6.

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29

Boyanovsky, D. "Effective field theory out of equilibrium: Brownian quantum fields." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 6 (June 16, 2015): 063017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/063017.

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30

Paternostro, M., G. De Chiara, A. Ferraro, M. Campisi, J. Goold, F. L. Semião, F. Plastina, and V. Vedral. "Out of equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum harmonic chains." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 10 (October 30, 2019): 104014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab3da6.

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31

Cao, F. J. "Out-of-equilibrium quantum field dynamics in external fields." European Physical Journal A 31, no. 4 (March 2007): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2006-10254-x.

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32

Khatami, Ehsan, Guido Pupillo, Mark Srednicki, and Marcos Rigol. "Fluctuation-dissipation theorem in isolated quantum systems out of equilibrium." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 510 (May 15, 2014): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/510/1/012035.

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33

Mitchison, Mark T., and Martin B. Plenio. "Non-additive dissipation in open quantum networks out of equilibrium." New Journal of Physics 20, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 033005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa9f70.

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34

Acevedo, O. L., L. Quiroga, F. J. Rodríguez, and N. F. Johnson. "Robust quantum correlations in out-of-equilibrium matter–light systems." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2015): 093005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/9/093005.

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35

Cugliandolo, Leticia F. "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of classical and quantum complex systems." Comptes Rendus Physique 14, no. 8 (October 2013): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.09.004.

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Calabrese, Pasquale, Fabian H. L. Essler, and Giuseppe Mussardo. "Introduction to ‘Quantum Integrability in Out of Equilibrium Systems’." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2016, no. 6 (June 27, 2016): 064001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2016/06/064001.

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37

Amico, Luigi, and Andreas Osterloh. "Out of equilibrium correlation functions of quantum anisotropicXYmodels: one-particle excitations." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 37, no. 2 (December 15, 2003): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/37/2/001.

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38

Bandyopadhyay, Souvik, Sourav Bhattacharjee, and Diptiman Sen. "Driven quantum many-body systems and out-of-equilibrium topology." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33, no. 39 (July 22, 2021): 393001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac1151.

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39

Jaiswal, Nitesh, Mamta Gautam, and Tapobrata Sarkar. "Complexity, information geometry, and Loschmidt echo near quantum criticality." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 073105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac7aa6.

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Abstract We consider the Nielsen complexity (NC) C N , the Loschmidt echo (LE) L , and the Fubini-study complexity τ in the transverse XY model, following a sudden quantum quench, in the thermodynamic limit. At small times, the first two are related by L ∼ e − C N . By computing a novel time-dependent quantum information metric, we show that in this regime, C N ∼ d τ 2 , up to lowest order in perturbation. The former relation continues to hold in the same limit at large times, whereas the latter does not. Our results indicate that in the thermodynamic limit, the NC and the LE show enhanced temporal oscillations when one quenches from a close neighbourhood of the critical line, while such oscillations are notably absent when the quench is on such a line. We explain this behaviour by studying the nature of quasi-particle excitations in the vicinity of criticality. Finally, we argue that the triangle inequality for the NC might be violated in certain regions of the parameter space, and point out why one should be careful about the nature of the interaction Hamiltonian, while using this measure.

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40

HENNING, P. A., K. NAKAMURA, and Y. YAMANAKA. "THERMAL FIELD THEORY IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM STATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 13n14 (June 30, 1996): 1599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296000696.

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Conventional transport theory is not really applicable to nonequilibrium systems which exhibit strong quantum effects. We present two different approaches to overcome this problem. Firstly we point out how transport equations may be derived that incorporate a nontrivial spectral function as a typical quantum effect, and test this approach in a toy model of a strongly interacting degenerate plasma. Secondly we explore a path to include nonequilibrium effects into quantum field theory through momentum mixing transformations in Fock space. Although the two approaches are completely orthogonal, they lead to the same coherent conclusion.

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Sotiriadis, Spyros, Gabor Takacs, and Giuseppe Mussardo. "Boundary state in an integrable quantum field theory out of equilibrium." Physics Letters B 734 (June 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.04.058.

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Corberi, Federico, Leticia F. Cugliandolo, Marco Esposito, Onofrio Mazzarisi, and Marco Picco. "How many phases nucleate in the bidimensional Potts model?" Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 073204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac7aa9.

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Abstract We study the kinetics of the two-dimensional q > 4-state Potts model after a shallow quench to a temperature slightly below the critical one and above the pseudo spinodal. We use numerical methods and we focus on intermediate values of q, 4 < q ⩽ 100. We show that, initially, the system evolves as if it were quenched to the critical temperature: the configurations exhibit correlations that are indistinguishable from the ones in equilibrium at T c(q) over longer and longer length scales as time elapses. The further decay from the metastable state occurs by nucleation of an average number k out of the q possible phases. For a given quench temperature, k is a logarithmically increasing function of the system size, bounded by q. This unusual finite size dependence is a consequence of a scaling property underlying the nucleation phenomenon for these parameters.

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43

Kaminski, A., Yu V. Nazarov, and L. I. Glazman. "Universality of the Kondo effect in a quantum dot out of equilibrium." Physical Review B 62, no. 12 (September 15, 2000): 8154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.62.8154.

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Medel-Portugal, Carlos, Juan Manuel Solano-Altamirano, and José Luis E. Carrillo-Estrada. "Classical and Quantum H-Theorem Revisited: Variational Entropy and Relaxation Processes." Entropy 23, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030366.

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We propose a novel framework to describe the time-evolution of dilute classical and quantum gases, initially out of equilibrium and with spatial inhomogeneities, towards equilibrium. Briefly, we divide the system into small cells and consider the local equilibrium hypothesis. We subsequently define a global functional that is the sum of cell H-functionals. Each cell functional recovers the corresponding Maxwell–Boltzmann, Fermi–Dirac, or Bose–Einstein distribution function, depending on the classical or quantum nature of the gas. The time-evolution of the system is described by the relationship dH/dt≤0, and the equality condition occurs if the system is in the equilibrium state. Via the variational method, proof of the previous relationship, which might be an extension of the H-theorem for inhomogeneous systems, is presented for both classical and quantum gases. Furthermore, the H-functionals are in agreement with the correspondence principle. We discuss how the H-functionals can be identified with the system’s entropy and analyze the relaxation processes of out-of-equilibrium systems.

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Matsumoto, Daichi. "Kondo Resonance in a Quantum Dot: Finite-UAnderson Model out of Equilibrium." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 69, no. 5 (May 15, 2000): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.69.1449.

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Bellomo, B., R. Messina, and M. Antezza. "Dynamics of an elementary quantum system in environments out of thermal equilibrium." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 100, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 20006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/100/20006.

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Aschbacher, Walter H. "On a quantum phase transition in a steady state out of equilibrium." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 49, no. 41 (September 19, 2016): 415201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/49/41/415201.

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Esfarjani, Keivan, and Yuan Liang. "Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Lattice Dynamics of Anharmonic Systems." Entropy 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111585.

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In this review, motivated by the recent interest in high-temperature materials, we review our recent progress in theories of lattice dynamics in and out of equilibrium. To investigate thermodynamic properties of anharmonic crystals, the self-consistent phonon theory was developed, mainly in the 1960s, for rare gas atoms and quantum crystals. We have extended this theory to investigate the properties of the equilibrium state of a crystal, including its unit cell shape and size, atomic positions and lattice dynamical properties. Using the equation-of-motion method combined with the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and the Donsker–Furutsu–Novikov (DFN) theorem, this approach was also extended to investigate the non-equilibrium case where there is heat flow across a junction or an interface. The formalism is a classical one and therefore valid at high temperatures.

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Fujii, Tatsuya, and Kazuo Ueda. "Out-of-Equilibrium Transport Phenomena through a Quantum Dot in a Magnetic Field." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 74, no. 1 (January 2005): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.74.127.

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Roch, Nicolas, Serge Florens, Vincent Bouchiat, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer, and Franck Balestro. "Out-of-Equilibrium Singlet-Triplet Kondo Effect in a Single C60 Quantum Dot." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 153, no. 5-6 (October 9, 2008): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-008-9840-4.

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