Journal articles: 'Quantum noise'

1

Zhang, Chang-Yue, Zhu-Jun Zheng, Shao-Ming Fei, and Mang Feng. "Dynamics of Quantum Networks in Noisy Environments." Entropy 25, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010157.

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Noise exists inherently in realistic quantum systems and affects the evolution of quantum systems. We investigate the dynamics of quantum networks in noisy environments by using the fidelity of the quantum evolved states and the classical percolation theory. We propose an analytical framework that allows us to characterize the stability of quantum networks in terms of quantum noises and network topologies. The calculation results of the framework determine the maximal time that quantum networks with different network topologies can maintain the ability to communicate under noise. We demonstrate the results of the framework through examples of specific graphs under amplitude damping and phase damping noises. We further consider the capacity of the quantum network in a noisy environment according to the proposed framework. The analytical framework helps us better understand the evolution time of a quantum network and provides a reference for designing large quantum networks.

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Nadezhdinskii, A. I., and Ya Ya Ponurovskii. "Quantum noise of diode laser radiation." Laser Physics 33, no. 5 (March 16, 2023): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acc23d.

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Abstract Semiconductors lasers from several manufacturers have been investigated. Rate equations were proposed to describe the dynamics and explain the mechanisms of the appearance of quantum noise in diode lasers. Stationary solutions of the rate equations were obtained. For the lasers under study, the threshold currents and the number of photons at the threshold are obtained. Four mechanisms of the quantum noises appearance were described: Poisson noises of the photons, Poisson noises of the electrons, shot noises of the pump current, and quantum noise of the radiation field. The photon lifetimes for the investigated diode lasers have been determined. The shot noise of the pumping current does not play a significant role. The Poisson noise of photons is responsible for the maximum noise at the generation threshold of a diode laser. The analysis of quantum noises of quantum-cascade diode lasers is carried out.

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CHUNG, DONG MYUNG, UN CIG JI, and NOBUAKI OBATA. "QUANTUM STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS VIA WHITE NOISE OPERATORS IN WEIGHTED FOCK SPACE." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 14, no. 03 (March 2002): 241–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x0200117x.

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White noise theory allows to formulate quantum white noises explicitly as elemental quantum stochastic processes. A traditional quantum stochastic differential equation of Itô type is brought into a normal-ordered white noise differential equation driven by lower powers of quantum white noises. The class of normal-ordered white noise differential equations covers quantum stochastic differential equations with highly singular noises such as higher powers or higher order derivatives of quantum white noises, which are far beyond the traditional Itô theory. For a general normal-ordered white noise differential equation unique existence of a solution is proved in the sense of white noise distribution. Its regularity properties are investigated by means of weighted Fock spaces interpolating spaces of white noise distributions and associated characterization theorems for S-transform and for operator symbols.

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Farooq, Ahmad, Uman Khalid, Junaid ur Rehman, and Hyundong Shin. "Robust Quantum State Tomography Method for Quantum Sensing." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072669.

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Reliable and efficient reconstruction of pure quantum states under the processing of noisy measurement data is a vital tool in fundamental and applied quantum information sciences owing to communication, sensing, and computing. Specifically, the purity of such reconstructed quantum systems is crucial in surpassing the classical shot-noise limit and achieving the Heisenberg limit, regarding the achievable precision in quantum sensing. However, the noisy reconstruction of such resourceful sensing probes limits the quantum advantage in precise quantum sensing. For this, we formulate a pure quantum state reconstruction method through eigenvalue decomposition. We show that the proposed method is robust against the depolarizing noise; it remains unaffected under high strength white noise and achieves quantum state reconstruction accuracy similar to the noiseless case.

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Gillard, Nicolas, Étienne Belin, and François Chapeau-Blondeau. "Stochastic Resonance with Unital Quantum Noise." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 18, no. 03 (July 16, 2019): 1950015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477519500159.

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The fundamental quantum information processing task of estimating the phase of a qubit is considered. Following quantum measurement, the estimation efficiency is evaluated by the classical Fisher information which determines the best performance limiting any estimator and achievable by the maximum likelihood estimator. The estimation process is analyzed in the presence of decoherence represented by essential quantum noises that can affect the qubit and belonging to the broad class of unital quantum noises. Such a class especially contains the bit-flip, the phase-flip, the depolarizing noises, or the whole family of Pauli noises. As the level of noise is increased, we report the possibility of non-standard behaviors where the estimation efficiency does not necessarily deteriorate uniformly, but can experience non-monotonic variations. Regimes are found where higher noise levels prove more favorable to estimation. Such behaviors are related to stochastic resonance effects in signal estimation, shown here feasible for the first time with unital quantum noises. The results provide enhanced appreciation of quantum noise or decoherence, manifesting that it is not always detrimental for quantum information processing.

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Lv, Li, and Ping Zhou. "Effect of noise on deterministic remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state by using a four-qudit χ-type state as the quantum channel." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 05 (August 2020): 2050028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749920500288.

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We present a protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state by using a four-qudit [Formula: see text]-type state as the quantum channel via positive operator-valued measurement. We first propose the protocol for remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qudit state via positive operator-valued measurement in noiseless environment and then discuss the protocol in noisy environments. Four important quantum decoherence noise models, the dephasing noise, the qudit-flip noise, the qudit-phase-flip noise and the depolarizing noise, are considered in our protocol. The output states and the fidelities of remote state preparation in four different types of quantum noises are presented. It is shown the protocol for remote state preparation via positive operator-valued measurement with [Formula: see text]-type state has the advantage of transmitting less particles for remote preparing an arbitrary two-qudit state. The fidelities of remote state preparation depend on the coefficients of original two-qudit state and the decoherence rates of the noise models.

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Situ, Haozhen, Zhiming Huang, and Cai Zhang. "Noise effects on conflicting interest quantum games with incomplete information." International Journal of Quantum Information 14, no. 07 (October 2016): 1650033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749916500337.

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Noise effects can be harmful to quantum information systems. In the present paper, we study noise effects in the context of quantum games with incomplete information, which have more complicated structure than quantum games with complete information. The effects of several paradigmatic noises on three newly proposed conflicting interest quantum games with incomplete information are studied using numerical optimization method. Intuitively noises will bring down the payoffs. However, we find that in some situations the outcome of the games under the influence of noise effects are counter-intuitive. Sometimes stronger noise may lead to higher payoffs. Some properties of the game, like quantum advantage, fairness and equilibrium, are invulnerable to some kinds of noises.

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Corndorf, Eric, Chuang Liang, Gregory S. Kanter, Prem Kumar, and Horace P. Yuen. "Quantum-noise." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 34, no. 5 (October 15, 2004): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1039111.1039119.

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Ahadpour, S., and F. Mirmasoudi. "The role of noisy channels in quantum teleportation." Revista Mexicana de Física 66, no. 3 May-Jun (May 1, 2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.66.378.

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In quantum information theory, effects of quantum noise on teleportation are undeniable. Hence,we investigate the effect of noisy channels including amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and phase ip on the teleported state between Alice and Bob where they share an entangled state by using atom-eld interaction state. We analyze the delity and quantum correlations as a function of decoherence rates and time scale of a state to be teleported. We observe that the average delityand quantum correlations accurately depend on types of noise acting on quantum channels. It is found that atom-eld interaction states are affected by amplitude damping channel are more useful for teleportation than when the shared qubites are affected by noisy channels such as AD channel and phase ip. We also observe that if the quantum channels is subject to phase ip noise, the average delity reproduces initial quantum correlations to possible values. On the other hand,not only all the noisy quantum channels do not always destroy average delity but also they can yield the highest delity in noisy conditions. In the current demonstration, our results provide that the average delity can have larger than 2/3 in front of the noise of named other channels with increasing decoherenc strength. Success in quantum states transfer in the present noise establishes the important of studing noisy channels.

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Guo, Hui, Jin-Ming Liu, Cheng-Jie Zhang, and C. H. Oh. "Quantum discord of a three-qubit W-class state in noisy environments." Quantum Information and Computation 12, no. 7&8 (July 2012): 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic12.7-8-12.

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We study the dynamics of the pairwise quantum discord (QD), classical correlation (CC), and entanglement of formation (EOF) for the three-qubit W-class state |W>_{123}=\frac 12(|100>_{123}+|010>_{123}+\sqrt{2}|001>_{123}) under the influence of various Markovian noises by analytically solving the master equation in the Lindblad form. Through numerical analysis, we find that EOF decreases asymptotically to zero with time for the dephasing noise, but it undergoes sudden death for the bit-flip noise, the isotropic noise, as well as the dissipative and noisy environments. Moreover, QD decays to zero in an asymptotical way for all the noises we investigated. Thus, when the W-class state |W>_{123} is subject to the above Markovian noises, QD is more robust than EOF against decoherence excluding the phase-flip noise, implying that QD is more useful than entanglement to characterize the quantum correlation. We also find a remarkable character for the CC in the presence of the phase-flip noise, i.e., CC displays the behavior of sudden transition and then keeps constant permanently, but the corresponding QD just exhibits a very small sudden change. Furthermore, we verify the monogamic relation between the pairwise QD and EOF of the W-class state.

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Song, Junyang, Bo Lu, Lu Liu, and Chuan Wang. "Noisy Quantum Channel Characterization Using Quantum Neural Networks." Electronics 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2023): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112430.

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Channel noise is considered to be the main obstacle in long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. Here, employing a quantum neural network, we present an efficient method to study the model and detect the noise of quantum channels. Based on various types of noisy quantum channel models, we construct the architecture of the quantum neural network and the model training process. Finally, we perform experiments to verify the training effectiveness of the scheme, and the results show that the cost function of the quantum neural network could approach above 90% of the channel model.

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Borras, Kerstin, Su Yeon Chang, Lena Funcke, Michele Grossi, Tobias Hartung, Karl Jansen, Dirk Kruecker, et al. "Impact of quantum noise on the training of quantum Generative Adversarial Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2438, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2438/1/012093.

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Abstract Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices suffer from various sources of intrinsic quantum noise. Overcoming the effects of noise is a major challenge, for which different error mitigation and error correction techniques have been proposed. In this paper, we conduct a first study of the performance of quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (qGANs) in the presence of different types of quantum noise, focusing on a simplified use case in high-energy physics. In particular, we explore the effects of readout and two-qubit gate errors on the qGAN training process. Simulating a noisy quantum device classically with IBM’s Qiskit framework, we examine the threshold of error rates up to which a reliable training is possible. In addition, we investigate the importance of various hyperparameters for the training process in the presence of different error rates, and we explore the impact of readout error mitigation on the results.

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Wang, Ming-Ming, and Zhi-Guo Qu. "Weak measurement for improving the efficiency of remote state preparation in noisy." Quantum Information and Computation 18, no. 11&12 (September 2018): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic18.11-12-6.

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Quantum communication provides a new way for transmitting highly sensitive information. But the existence of quantum noise inevitably affects the security and reliability of a quantum communication system. The technique of weak measurement and its reversal measurement (WMRM) has been proposed to suppress the effect of quantum noise, especially, the amplitude-damping noise. Taking a GHZ based remote state preparation (RSP) scheme as an example, we discuss the effect of WMRM for suppressing four types of quantum noise that usually encountered in real-world, i.e., not only the amplitude-damping noise, but also the bit-flip, phase-flip (phase-damping) and depolarizing noise. And we give a quantitative study on how much a quantum output state can be improved by WMRM in noisy environment. It is shown that the technique of WMRM has certain effect for improving the fidelity of the output state in the amplitude-damping noise, and only has little effect for suppressing the depolarizing noise, while has no effect for suppressing the bit-flip and phase-flip (phase-damping) noise. Our result is helpful for improving the efficiency of entanglement-based quantum communication systems in real implementation.

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14

Zhou, Si-Qi, Ming-Qiang Bai, Ting Liao, Jia Lei, Liang Tang, and Chang-Yue Zhang. "Bidirectional quantum operation teleportation with different states." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 05 (August 2018): 1850042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500429.

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A new concept of bidirectional quantum operation teleportation (BQOT) is proposed, which is essentially a union of the idea of quantum operation teleportation (QOT) and bidirectional quantum teleportation (QT). This means that Alice can transmit an unknown single-qubit unitary operation [Formula: see text] on the remote Bob’s quantum system; and at the same time, Bob can also transmit an arbitrary single-qubit unitary operation [Formula: see text] on Alice’s quantum system. In this paper, we present three BQOT schemes via different quantum channels. Furthermore, using these quantum channels, we investigate the BQOT in noisy environments, such as phase-damping noise and amplitude-damping noise. We considered the influence of the noises on the process of these three BQOT protocols through analytical derivation of the fidelity. Moreover, these three schemes are amply compared with each other from five aspects, i.e. quantum resource consumption, operation complexity, classical resource consumption, success probability and efficiency. It is found that these schemes can be realized deterministically and the first scheme is better than the other two schemes.

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15

Huang, Zhiyuan. "Quantum white noises—White noise approach to quantum stochastic calculus." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 129 (March 1993): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002776300000430x.

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Let H = L2 (R) be the Hilbert space of all complex-valued square integrable functions defined on R, Ф = Γ(H) be the Boson Fock space over H. For each h ∈ H, denote by ε(h) the corresponding exponential vector:in particular ε(0) is the Fock vacuum.

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Srivastava, Y. N., G. Vitiello, and A. Widom. "Quantum Dissipation and Quantum Noise." Annals of Physics 238, no. 1 (February 1995): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/aphy.1995.1019.

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Ullah, Muhammad Asad, Jason William Setiawan, Junaid ur Rehman, and Hyundong Shin. "On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072716.

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Blockchain has revolutionized many fields, such as distributed sensor networks, finance, and cryptocurrency. Consensus between distributed network nodes is at the core of such blockchain technologies. The three primary performance measures for any consensus algorithm are scalability, security, and decentralization. This paper evaluates the usefulness and practicality of quantum consensus algorithms for blockchain-enhanced sensor, and computing networks and evaluates them against the aforementioned performance measures. In particular, we investigate their noise robustness against quantum decoherence in quantum processors and over fiber-optic channels. We observe that the quantum noise generally increases the error rate in the list distribution. However, the effect is variable on different quantum consensus schemes. For example, the entanglement-free scheme is more affected than entanglement-based schemes for the local noise cases, while in the case of noisy optical fiber links, the effect is prominent on all quantum consensus schemes. We infer that the current quantum protocols with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices and noisy quantum communication can only be employed for modular units in intraenterprise-level blockchain, such as Zilliqa, for sensor, and computing networks.

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Arthur, Tsamouo Tsokeng, Tchoffo Martin, and Lukong Cornelius Fai. "Quantum correlations and coherence dynamics in qutrit–qutrit systems under mixed classical environmental noises." International Journal of Quantum Information 15, no. 06 (September 2017): 1750047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749917500472.

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We investigate the dynamics of entanglement, quantum discord (QD) and state coherence in a bipartite and noninteracting spin-qutrits system under mixed classical noises. Specifically, the collective effects of static noise (SN) and random telegraphic noise (RTN) each being coupled with a marginal system, are analyzed. While the static noise models a non-Markovian environment, the dynamic noise can model both a Markovian or a non-Markovian environment, and both dynamics are studied. We show that quantum correlations and coherence may survive the noise degrading effects at sufficiently long time when the Markovian regime of the RTN is considered. Meanwhile, the opposite is found in the non-Markovian regime, wherein the nonmonotonic dynamics of quantum features avoid sudden death phenomena. However, the static noise is more fatal to the survival of quantum correlations and quantum state coherence as compared to the RTN.

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Majumder, Swarnadeep, Christopher G. Yale, Titus D. Morris, Daniel S. Lobser, Ashlyn D. Burch, Matthew N. H. Chow, Melissa C. Revelle, Susan M. Clark, and Raphael C. Pooser. "Characterizing and mitigating coherent errors in a trapped ion quantum processor using hidden inverses." Quantum 7 (May 15, 2023): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-15-1006.

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Quantum computing testbeds exhibit high-fidelity quantum control over small collections of qubits, enabling performance of precise, repeatable operations followed by measurements. Currently, these noisy intermediate-scale devices can support a sufficient number of sequential operations prior to decoherence such that near term algorithms can be performed with proximate accuracy (like chemical accuracy for quantum chemistry problems). While the results of these algorithms are imperfect, these imperfections can help bootstrap quantum computer testbed development. Demonstrations of these algorithms over the past few years, coupled with the idea that imperfect algorithm performance can be caused by several dominant noise sources in the quantum processor, which can be measured and calibrated during algorithm execution or in post-processing, has led to the use of noise mitigation to improve typical computational results. Conversely, benchmark algorithms coupled with noise mitigation can help diagnose the nature of the noise, whether systematic or purely random. Here, we outline the use of coherent noise mitigation techniques as a characterization tool in trapped-ion testbeds. We perform model-fitting of the noisy data to determine the noise source based on realistic physics focused noise models and demonstrate that systematic noise amplification coupled with error mitigation schemes provides useful data for noise model deduction. Further, in order to connect lower level noise model details with application specific performance of near term algorithms, we experimentally construct the loss landscape of a variational algorithm under various injected noise sources coupled with error mitigation techniques. This type of connection enables application-aware hardware codesign, in which the most important noise sources in specific applications, like quantum chemistry, become foci of improvement in subsequent hardware generations.

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Yang, Xiuyi, Hongjie Yin, Feng Zhang, and Jing Nie. "Quantum coherence protection by noise." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 7 (May 19, 2022): 075202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac6e6f.

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Abstract In this paper, we propose a scheme to protect quantum coherence by adding another noise. We consider an example of a Jaynes–Cummings model coupled to an external non-Markovian bosonic bath. We solve this model by using the dressed state method in the presence of a stochastic coupling and obtain the density matrix by numerically averaging many stochastic trajectories. We show that the noisy atom-cavity coupling can effectively suppress both the relaxation and dephasing effects caused by the leakage of the cavity. Besides, we further illustrate the impacts of the standard deviation of the noisy coupling and the non-Markovian memory effect on the coherence protection. Then, the mechanism of the protection is analyzed. It is our hope that our research may open a new path to consider the role of noise in quantum coherence preservation.

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Yang, HeeBong, and Na Young Kim. "Material-Inherent Noise Sources in Quantum Information Architecture." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072561.

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NISQ is a representative keyword at present as an acronym for “noisy intermediate-scale quantum”, which identifies the current era of quantum information processing (QIP) technologies. QIP science and technologies aim to accomplish unprecedented performance in computation, communications, simulations, and sensing by exploiting the infinite capacity of parallelism, coherence, and entanglement as governing quantum mechanical principles. For the last several decades, quantum computing has reached to the technology readiness level 5, where components are integrated to build mid-sized commercial products. While this is a celebrated and triumphant achievement, we are still a great distance away from quantum-superior, fault-tolerant architecture. To reach this goal, we need to harness technologies that recognize undesirable factors to lower fidelity and induce errors from various sources of noise with controllable correction capabilities. This review surveys noisy processes arising from materials upon which several quantum architectures have been constructed, and it summarizes leading research activities in searching for origins of noise and noise reduction methods to build advanced, large-scale quantum technologies in the near future.

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PECHEN, A. N., and I. V. VOLOVICH. "QUANTUM MULTIPOLE NOISE AND GENERALIZED QUANTUM STOCHASTIC EQUATIONS." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 05, no. 04 (December 2002): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025702000857.

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A notion of quantum multipole (in particular, dipole) noise is considered. Quantum dipole noise is an analogue of quantum white noise but it acts in a Fock space with indefinite metric. Quantum white noise describes the leading term in the stochastic limit approximation to quantum dynamics while quantum multipole noise describes the corrections to the leading term. We obtain and study the generalized quantum stochastic equations describing corrections to the stochastic limit which include quantum dipole noise.

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Wang, Ming-Ming, Zhi-Guo Qu, Wei Wang, and Jin-Guang Chen. "Effect of noise on joint remote preparation of multi-qubit state." International Journal of Quantum Information 15, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749917500125.

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Quantum noise severely affects the security and reliability of quantum communication system. In this paper, we study the effect of quantum noise on quantum multiparty communication protocols. Taking a two-qubit joint remote state preparation (JRSP) scheme as an example, we point out that there are some calculation mistakes in a former JRSP scheme [X.W. Guan, X.B. Chen, L.C. Wang and Y.X. Yang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(4) (2014) 2236.]. The revised output states and fidelities in two types of noise are presented, respectively. More importantly, we present a more general form for describing the effect of noise on multi-qubit system, which is fit for the case where different types of noise act on the system consecutively. The process of the JRSP scheme in two types of noise is discussed, respectively. It is shown that the noisy effect in the general case is much stronger than the former one for the most part. Our study will be helpful for analyzing the effect of quantum noise on quantum multiparty communication system.

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Dwyer, Sheila. "Squeezing quantum noise." Physics Today 67, no. 11 (November 2014): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2596.

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Ekert, A., and Ch Macchiavello. "Against Quantum Noise." Acta Physica Polonica A 93, no. 1 (January 1998): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.93.63.

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CHuNG, Yunchul. "Quantum Shot Noise." Physics and High Technology 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.20.041.

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McKenzie, Kirk, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Keisuke Goda, Ping Koy Lam, Nicolai Grosse, Malcolm B. Gray, Nergis Mavalvala, and David E. McClelland. "Quantum noise locking." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2005): S421—S428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/7/10/032.

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Beenakker, Carlo, and Christian Schönenberger. "Quantum Shot Noise." Physics Today 56, no. 5 (May 2003): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1583532.

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Reznikov, M., R. de Picciotto, M. Heiblum, D. C. Glattli, A. Kumar, and L. Saminadayar. "Quantum shot noise." Superlattices and Microstructures 23, no. 3-4 (March 1998): 901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/spmi.1997.0559.

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BENEDETTI, CLAUDIA, FABRIZIO BUSCEMI, PAOLO BORDONE, and MATTEO G. A. PARIS. "EFFECTS OF CLASSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE ON ENTANGLEMENT AND QUANTUM DISCORD DYNAMICS." International Journal of Quantum Information 10, no. 08 (December 2012): 1241005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749912410055.

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We address the effect of classical noise on the dynamics of quantum correlations, entanglement and quantum discord (QD), of two non-interacting qubits initially prepared in a Bell state. The effect of noise is modeled by randomizing the single-qubit transition amplitudes. We address both static and dynamic environmental noise corresponding to interaction with separate and common baths in either Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. In the Markov regime, a monotone decay of the quantum correlations is found, whereas for non-Markovian noise sudden death and revival phenomena may occur, depending on the characteristics of the noise. Entanglement and QD show the same qualitative behavior for all kind of noises considered. On the other hand, we find that separate and common environments may play opposite roles in preserving quantum correlations, depending on the noise regime considered.

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Song, Wooyeong, Youngrong Lim, Kabgyun Jeong, Yun-Seong Ji, Jinhyoung Lee, Jaewan Kim, M. S. Kim, and Jeongho Bang. "Quantum solvability of noisy linear problems by divide-and-conquer strategy." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac51b0.

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Abstract Noisy linear problems have been studied in various science and engineering disciplines. A class of ‘hard’ noisy linear problems can be formulated as follows: Given a matrix A ^ and a vector b constructed using a finite set of samples, a hidden vector or structure involved in b is obtained by solving a noise-corrupted linear equation A ^ x ≈ b + η , where η is a noise vector that cannot be identified. For solving such a noisy linear problem, we consider a quantum algorithm based on a divide-and-conquer strategy, wherein a large core process is divided into smaller subprocesses. The algorithm appropriately reduces both the computational complexities and size of a quantum sample. More specifically, if a quantum computer can access a particular reduced form of the quantum samples, polynomial quantum-sample and time complexities are achieved in the main computation. The size of a quantum sample and its executing system can be reduced, e.g., from exponential to sub-exponential with respect to the problem length, which is better than other results we are aware. We analyse the noise model conditions for such a quantum advantage, and show when the divide-and-conquer strategy can be beneficial for quantum noisy linear problems.

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Li, Boxi, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sidhant Saraogi, Neill Lambert, Franco Nori, Alexander Pitchford, and Nathan Shammah. "Pulse-level noisy quantum circuits with QuTiP." Quantum 6 (January 24, 2022): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-24-630.

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The study of the impact of noise on quantum circuits is especially relevant to guide the progress of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing. In this paper, we address the pulse-level simulation of noisy quantum circuits with the Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP). We introduce new tools in qutip-qip, QuTiP's quantum information processing package. These tools simulate quantum circuits at the pulse level, leveraging QuTiP's quantum dynamics solvers and control optimization features. We show how quantum circuits can be compiled on simulated processors, with control pulses acting on a target Hamiltonian that describes the unitary evolution of the physical qubits. Various types of noise can be introduced based on the physical model, e.g., by simulating the Lindblad density-matrix dynamics or Monte Carlo quantum trajectories. In particular, the user can define environment-induced decoherence at the processor level and include noise simulation at the level of control pulses. We illustrate how the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm is compiled and executed on a superconducting-qubit-based processor, on a spin-chain-based processor and using control optimization algorithms. We also show how to easily reproduce experimental results on cross-talk noise in an ion-based processor, and how a Ramsey experiment can be modeled with Lindblad dynamics. Finally, we illustrate how to integrate these features with other software frameworks.

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Schaffner, C., B. Terhal, and S. Wehner. "Robust cryptography in the noisy-quantum-storage model." Quantum Information and Computation 9, no. 11&12 (November 2009): 963–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic9.11-12-4.

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It was shown that cryptographic primitives can be implemented based on the assumption that quantum storage of qubits is noisy. In this work we analyze a protocol for the universal task of oblivious transfer that can be implemented using quantum-key-distribution (QKD) hardware in the practical setting where honest participants are unable to perform noise-free operations. We derive trade-offs between the amount of storage noise, the amount of noise in the operations performed by the honest participants and the security of oblivious transfer which are greatly improved compared to the results in \cite{prl:noisy}. As an example, we show that for the case of depolarizing noise in storage we can obtain secure oblivious transfer as long as the quantum bit-error rate of the channel does not exceed 11% and the noise on the channel is strictly less than the quantum storage noise. This is optimal for the protocol considered. Finally, we show that our analysis easily carries over to quantum protocols for secure identification.

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34

JIA, LI-XING, BO LI, R. H. YUE, and HENG FAN. "SUDDEN CHANGE OF QUANTUM DISCORD UNDER SINGLE QUBIT NOISE." International Journal of Quantum Information 11, no. 05 (August 2013): 1350048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749913500482.

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We show that the sudden change of quantum correlation can occur even when only one part of the composite entangled state is exposed to a noisy environment. Our results are illustrated through the action of different noisy environments individually on a single qubit of quantum system. Composite noise on the whole of the quantum system is thus not the necessarily condition for the occurrence of sudden transition for quantum correlation.

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Sharma, Vishal. "Effect of Noise on Practical Quantum Communication Systems." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9771.

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<p>Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.</p><p> </p>

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LaRose, Ryan, Andrea Mari, Sarah Kaiser, Peter J. Karalekas, Andre A. Alves, Piotr Czarnik, Mohamed El Mandouh, et al. "Mitiq: A software package for error mitigation on noisy quantum computers." Quantum 6 (August 11, 2022): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-08-11-774.

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We introduce Mitiq, a Python package for error mitigation on noisy quantum computers. Error mitigation techniques can reduce the impact of noise on near-term quantum computers with minimal overhead in quantum resources by relying on a mixture of quantum sampling and classical post-processing techniques. Mitiq is an extensible toolkit of different error mitigation methods, including zero-noise extrapolation, probabilistic error cancellation, and Clifford data regression. The library is designed to be compatible with generic backends and interfaces with different quantum software frameworks. We describe Mitiq using code snippets to demonstrate usage and discuss features and contribution guidelines. We present several examples demonstrating error mitigation on IBM and Rigetti superconducting quantum processors as well as on noisy simulators.

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SHADMAN, Z., H. KAMPERMANN, T. MEYER, and D. BRUß. "OPTIMAL EAVESDROPPING ON NOISY STATES IN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION." International Journal of Quantum Information 07, no. 01 (February 2009): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749909004554.

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We study eavesdropping in quantum key distribution with the six state protocol, when the signal states are mixed with white noise. This situation may arise either when Alice deliberately adds noise to the signal states before they leave her lab, or in a realistic scenario where Eve cannot replace the noisy quantum channel by a noiseless one. We find Eve's optimal mutual information with Alice, for individual attacks, as a function of the qubit error rate. Our result is that added quantum noise reduces Eve's mutual information more than Bob's.

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Usher, Nairi, and Dan E. Browne. "Noise in one-dimensional measurement-based quantum computing." Quantum Information and Computation 17, no. 15&16 (December 2017): 1372–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic17.15-16-7.

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Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC) is an alternative to the quantum circuit model, whereby the computation proceeds via measurements on an entangled resource state. Noise processes are a major experimental challenge to the construction of a quantum computer. Here, we investigate how noise processes affecting physical states affect the performed computation by considering MBQC on a one-dimensional cluster state. This allows us to break down the computation in a sequence of building blocks and map physical errors to logical errors. Next, we extend the Matrix Product State construction to mixed states (which is known as Matrix Product Operators) and once again map the effect of physical noise to logical noise acting within the correlation space. This approach allows us to consider more general errors than the conventional Pauli errors, and could be used in order to simulate noisy quantum computation.

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DE CHIARA, GABRIELE, ROSARIO FAZIO, SIMONE MONTANGERO, CHIARA MACCHIAVELLO, and G. MASSIMO PALMA. "EFFECTS OF NOISE ON SPIN NETWORK CLONING." International Journal of Quantum Information 04, no. 03 (June 2006): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749906001906.

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We analyze the effects of noise on quantum cloning based on the spin network approach. A noisy environment interacting with the spin network is modeled both in a classical scenario, with a classical fluctuating field, and in a fully quantum scenario, in which the spins are coupled with a bath of harmonic oscillators. We compare the realization of cloning with spin networks and with traditional quantum gates in the presence of noise, and show that spin network cloning is more robust.

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40

Gardiner, C. W. "Quantum noise and quantum Langevin equations." IBM Journal of Research and Development 32, no. 1 (January 1988): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.321.0127.

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41

Haus, Herman A. "Quantum noise, quantum measurement, and squeezing." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 6, no. 8 (July 28, 2004): S626—S633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/6/8/001.

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Huang, Min, Ziyang Chen, Yichen Zhang, and Hong Guo. "A Phase Fluctuation Based Practical Quantum Random Number Generator Scheme with Delay-Free Structure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072431.

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Quantum random number generators are widely used in many applications, ranging from sampling and simulation, fundamental science to cryptography, such as a quantum key distribution system. Among all the previous works, quantum noise from phase fluctuation of laser diodes is one of the most commonly used random source in the quantum random number generation, and many practical schemes based on phase noise with compact systems have been proposed so far. Here, we proposed a new structure of phase noise scheme, utilizing the phase fluctuation from two laser diodes with a slight difference of center wavelength. By analyzing the frequency components and adopting an appropriate band-pass filter, we prove that our scheme extracts quantum noise and filtered other classical noises substantially. Results of a randomness test shows that the extracted random sequences are of good performance. Due to lack of delay-line and the low requirement on other devices in this system, our scheme is promising in future scenarios for miniaturized quantum random number generation systems.

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Czarnik, Piotr, Andrew Arrasmith, Patrick J. Coles, and Lukasz Cincio. "Error mitigation with Clifford quantum-circuit data." Quantum 5 (November 26, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-11-26-592.

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Achieving near-term quantum advantage will require accurate estimation of quantum observables despite significant hardware noise. For this purpose, we propose a novel, scalable error-mitigation method that applies to gate-based quantum computers. The method generates training data {Xinoisy,Xiexact} via quantum circuits composed largely of Clifford gates, which can be efficiently simulated classically, where Xinoisy and Xiexact are noisy and noiseless observables respectively. Fitting a linear ansatz to this data then allows for the prediction of noise-free observables for arbitrary circuits. We analyze the performance of our method versus the number of qubits, circuit depth, and number of non-Clifford gates. We obtain an order-of-magnitude error reduction for a ground-state energy problem on 16 qubits in an IBMQ quantum computer and on a 64-qubit noisy simulator.

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LI, XI-HAN, BAO-KUI ZHAO, YU-BO SHENG, FU-GUO DENG, and HONG-YU ZHOU. "FAULT TOLERANT QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON QUANTUM DENSE CODING WITH COLLECTIVE NOISE." International Journal of Quantum Information 07, no. 08 (December 2009): 1479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974990900595x.

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We present two robust quantum key distribution protocols against two kinds of collective noise, following some ideas in quantum dense coding. Three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum information carriers, two of which form the logical qubit, which is invariant with a special type of collective noise. The information is encoded on logical qubits with four unitary operations, which can be read out faithfully with Bell-state analysis on two physical qubits and a single-photon measurement on the other physical qubit, not three-photon joint measurements. Two bits of information are exchanged faithfully and securely by transmitting two physical qubits through a noisy channel. When the losses in the noisy channel is low, these protocols can be used to transmit a secret message directly in principle.

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Rossi, Matteo A. C., Marco Cattaneo, Matteo G. A. Paris, and Sabrina Maniscalco. "Non-Markovianity is not a resource for quantum spatial search on a star graph subject to generalized percolation." Quantum Measurements and Quantum Metrology 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qmetro-2018-0003.

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Abstract Continuous-time quantum walks may be exploited to enhance spatial search, i.e., for finding a marked element in a database structured as a complex network. However, in practical implementations, the environmental noise has detrimental effects, and a question arises on whether noise engineering may be helpful in mitigating those effects on the performance of the quantum algorithm. Here we study whether time-correlated noise inducing non-Markovianity may represent a resource for quantum search. In particular, we consider quantum search on a star graph, which has been proven to be optimal in the noiseless case, and analyze the effects of independent random telegraph noise (RTN) disturbing each link of the graph. Upon exploiting an exact code for the noisy dynamics, we evaluate the quantum non-Markovianity of the evolution, and show that it cannot be considered as a resource for this algorithm, since its presence is correlated with lower probabilities of success of the search.

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Koudia, Seid, and Abdelhakim Gharbi. "Superposition of causal orders for quantum discrimination of quantum processes." International Journal of Quantum Information 17, no. 07 (October 2019): 1950055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749919500552.

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We address the superposition of causal orders in the quantum switch as a convenient framework for quantum process discrimination in the presence of noise in qubit systems, using Bayes strategy. We show that, for different kinds of qubit noises, the indefinite causal order between the unitary to be discriminated and noise gives enhancement compared to the definite causal order case without reaching the ultimate bound of discrimination in general. Whereas, for entanglement breaking channels, the enhancement is significant, where the quantum switch allows for the attainability of the ultimate bound for discrimination posed by quantum mechanics. Memory effects escorting the superposition of causal orders are discussed, where we point out that processes describing an indefinite causal order, violate the notion of Markov locality. Accordingly, a suggestion for the simulation of indefinite causal orders in more generic scenarios beyond the quantum switch is given.

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Tannous, C., and J. Langlois. "Classical noise, quantum noise and secure communication." European Journal of Physics 37, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/37/1/013001.

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Gollakota, Aravind, and Daniel Liang. "On the Hardness of PAC-learning Stabilizer States with Noise." Quantum 6 (February 2, 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-02-02-640.

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We consider the problem of learning stabilizer states with noise in the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework of Aaronson (2007) for learning quantum states. In the noiseless setting, an algorithm for this problem was recently given by Rocchetto (2018), but the noisy case was left open. Motivated by approaches to noise tolerance from classical learning theory, we introduce the Statistical Query (SQ) model for PAC-learning quantum states, and prove that algorithms in this model are indeed resilient to common forms of noise, including classification and depolarizing noise. We prove an exponential lower bound on learning stabilizer states in the SQ model. Even outside the SQ model, we prove that learning stabilizer states with noise is in general as hard as Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) using classical examples. Our results position the problem of learning stabilizer states as a natural quantum analogue of the classical problem of learning parities: easy in the noiseless setting, but seemingly intractable even with simple forms of noise.

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Wang, Shumei, Pengao Xu, Ruicheng Song, Peiyao Li, and Hongyang Ma. "Development of High Performance Quantum Image Algorithm on Constrained Least Squares Filtering Computation." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111207.

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Recent development of computer technology may lead to the quantum image algorithms becoming a hotspot. Quantum information and computation give some advantages to our quantum image algorithms, which deal with the limited problems that cannot be solved by the original classical image algorithm. Image processing cry out for applications of quantum image. Most works on quantum images are theoretical or sometimes even unpolished, although real-world experiments in quantum computer have begun and are multiplying. However, just as the development of computer technology helped to drive the Technology Revolution, a new quantum image algorithm on constrained least squares filtering computation was proposed from quantum mechanics, quantum information, and extremely powerful computer. A quantum image representation model is introduced to construct an image model, which is then used for image processing. Prior knowledge is employed in order to reconstruct or estimate the point spread function, and a non-degenerate estimate is obtained based on the opposite processing. The fuzzy function against noises is solved using the optimal measure of smoothness. On the constraint condition, determine the minimum criterion function and estimate the original image function. For some motion blurs and some kinds of noise pollutions, such as Gaussian noises, the proposed algorithm is able to yield better recovery results. Additionally, it should be noted that, when there is a noise attack with very low noise intensity, the model based on the constrained least squares filtering can still deliver good recovery results, with strong robustness. Subsequently, discuss the simulation analysis of the complexity of implementing quantum circuits and image filtering, and demonstrate that the algorithm has a good effect on fuzzy recovery, when the noise density is small.

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Wang, Caishi, Ce Wang, Yuling Tang, and Suling Ren. "Quantum Walk in Terms of Quantum Bernoulli Noise and Quantum Central Limit Theorem for Quantum Bernoulli Noise." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507265.

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As a unitary quantum walk with infinitely many internal degrees of freedom, the quantum walk in terms of quantum Bernoulli noise (recently introduced by Wang and Ye) shows a rather classical asymptotic behavior, which is quite different from the case of the usual quantum walks with a finite number of internal degrees of freedom. In this paper, we further examine the structure of the walk. By using the Fourier transform on the state space of the walk, we obtain a formula that links the moments of the walk’s probability distributions directly with annihilation and creation operators on Bernoulli functionals. We also prove some other results on the structure of the walk. Finally, as an application of these results, we establish a quantum central limit theorem for the annihilation and creation operators themselves.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum noise'

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