Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quantum Dots (QD)

Academic literature on the topic 'Quantum Dots (QD)'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

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Prevenslik, Thomas. "Quantum Dots by QED." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.1.

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High quantum dot (QD) efficiency may be explained by excitons generated in the quantum electrodynamics (QED) confinement of electromagnetic (EM) radiation during the absorption of the laser radiation. There is general agreement that by the Mie theory laser photons are fully absorbed by QDs smaller than the laser wavelength. But how the absorbed laser photons are conserved by a QD is another matter. Classically, absorbed laser radiation is treated as heat that in a body having specific heat is conserved by an increase in temperature. However, the specific heats of QDs vanish at frequencies in the near infrared (NIR) and higher, and therefore an increase in temperature cannot conserve the absorbed laser photons. Instead by QED, the laser photon energy is first suppressed because the photon frequency is lower than the EM confinement frequency imposed by the QD geometry. To conserve the loss of suppressed EM energy, an equivalent gain must occur. But the only EM energy allowed in a QED confinement has a frequency equal to or greater than its EM resonance, and therefore the laser photons are then up-converted to the QD confinement frequency - the process called cavity QED induced EM radiation. High QD efficiency is the consequence of multiple excitons generated in proportion to very high QED induced Planck energy because at the nanoscale the EM confinement frequencies range from the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to soft x-rays (SXRs). Extensions of QED induced EM radiation are made to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and light emission from porous silicon (PS).
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Han, Chang-Yeol, Hyun-Sik Kim, and Heesun Yang. "Quantum Dots and Applications." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040897.

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It is the unique size-dependent band gap of quantum dots (QDs) that makes them so special in various applications. They have attracted great interest, especially in optoelectronic fields such as light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, because their photoluminescent characteristics can be significantly improved via optimization of the processes by which they are synthesized. Control of their core/shell heterostructures is especially important and advantageous. However, a few challenges remain to be overcome before QD-based devices can completely replace current optoelectronic technology. This Special Issue provides detailed guides for synthesis of high-quality QDs and their applications. In terms of fabricating devices, tailoring optical properties of QDs and engineering defects in QD-related interfaces for higher performance remain important issues to be addressed.
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Lobnik, Aleksandra, Špela Korent Urek, and Matejka Turel. "Quantum Dots Based Optical Sensors." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.682.

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Luminescent sensors are chemical systems that can deliver information on the presence of selected analytes through the variations in their luminescence emission. With the advent of luminescent nanoparticles several new applications in the field of chemical sensing were explored. Among them, quantum dots (QD) represent inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals that are advantageous over conventional organic dyes from many different points of view. In this short review, the optical detection of various analytes using QD-based probes/sensors is presented and significant sensors characteristics are discussed. The biosensing approaches are not included in this article.
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Ghazi, Haddou EL. "Analysis of Quantum Dot Uses for Drug Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 9, no. 2 (2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000302.

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A brief description of quantum dots (QD), which are remarkable Nanomaterials with substantial consequences for cutting-edge technology and science, is provided through this paper. The notion of quantum dots is used for their peculiar characteristics and operation, which originate from quantum phenomena inside these remarkable spherical crystals. Moreover, this paper also showcases some of the most widely used QD-based applications in biology, such as QD-based laser and drug delivery, highlighting their adaptability and potential impacts in several domains.
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Ledentsov, Nikolai N., Victor M. Ustinov, Dieter Bimberg, James A. Lott, and Zh I. Alferov. "APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM DOTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 01 (March 2002): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001150.

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Quantum Dots (QD) provide unique opportunities to extend all the basic properties of heterostructure lasers and move further their applications. Practical fabrication of QD lasers became possible when techniques for self-organized growth allowed fabrication of dense and uniform arrays of narrow-gap nanodomains, coherently inserted in a semiconductor crystal matrix. Using of InAs QD lasers enabled significant improvement of device performance and extension of the spectral range on GaAs substrates to mainstream telecom wavelengths. Continuous wave 1.3 μm room-temperature output power of ~300 mW single mode for edge-emitters and of 1.2 mW multimode for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are realized. Long operation lifetimes are manifested. The breakthrough become possible both due to development of self-organized growth and defect-reduction techniques in QD technology.
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Gajjela, Raja S. R., and Paul M. Koenraad. "Atomic-Scale Characterization of Droplet Epitaxy Quantum Dots." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010085.

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The fundamental understanding of quantum dot (QD) growth mechanism is essential to improve QD based optoelectronic devices. The size, shape, composition, and density of the QDs strongly influence the optoelectronic properties of the QDs. In this article, we present a detailed review on atomic-scale characterization of droplet epitaxy quantum dots by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (X-STM) and atom probe tomography (APT). We will discuss both strain-free GaAs/AlGaAs QDs and strained InAs/InP QDs grown by droplet epitaxy. The effects of various growth conditions on morphology and composition are presented. The efficiency of methods such as flushing technique is shown by comparing with conventional droplet epitaxy QDs to further gain control over QD height. A detailed characterization of etch pits in both QD systems is provided by X-STM and APT. This review presents an overview of detailed structural and compositional analysis that have assisted in improving the fabrication of QD based optoelectronic devices grown by droplet epitaxy.
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Lee, Changmin, Eunhee Nam, Woosuk Lee, and Heeyeop Chae. "Hydrosilylation of Reactive Quantum Dots and Siloxanes for Stable Quantum Dot Films." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050905.

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The reactive acrylate-terminated CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were designed and prepared by the effective synthetic route to bond with a siloxane matrix via hydrosilylation. The conventional QD with oleic acid ligands does not have any reactivity, so the QDs were functionalized to assign reactivity for the QDs by the ligand modification of two step reactions. The oleic acid of the QDs was exchanged for hydroxyl-terminated ligands as an intermediate product by one-pot reaction. The hydroxyl-terminated QDs and acrylate-containing isocyanates were combined by nucleophilic addition reaction with forming urethane bonds and terminal acrylate groups. No degradation in quantum yield was observed after ligand exchange, nor following the nucleophilic addition reaction. The modification reactions of ligands were quantitatively controlled and their molecular structures were precisely confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The QDs with acrylate ligands were then reacted with hydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H-PDMS) to form a QD-siloxane matrix by thermal curing via hydro-silylation for the first time. The covalent bonding between the QDs and the siloxane matrix led to improvements in the stability against oxygen and moisture. Stability at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH) were both improved by 22% for the QD-connected siloxane QD films compared with the corresponding values for conventional QD-embedded poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) films. The photo-stability of the QD film after 26 h under a blue light-emitting diode (LED) was also improved by 45% in comparison with those of conventional QD-embedded PMMA films.
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Zhang, Liyao, Yuxin Song, Qimiao Chen, Zhongyunshen Zhu, and Shumin Wang. "InPBi Quantum Dots for Super-Luminescence Diodes." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090705.

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InPBi thin film has shown ultra-broad room temperature photoluminescence, which is promising for applications in super-luminescent diodes (SLDs) but met problems with low light emission efficiency. In this paper, InPBi quantum dot (QD) is proposed to serve as the active material for future InPBi SLDs. The quantum confinement for carriers and reduced spatial size of QD structure can improve light emission efficiently. We employ finite element method to simulate strain distribution inside QDs and use the result as input for calculating electronic properties. We systematically investigate different transitions involving carriers on the band edges and the deep levels as a function of Bi composition and InPBi QD geometry embedded in InAlAs lattice matched to InP. A flat QD shape with a moderate Bi content of a few percent over 3.2% would provide the optimal performance of SLDs with a bright and wide spectrum at a short center wavelength, promising for future optical coherence tomography applications.
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Jacak, L., J. Krasnyj, D. Jacak, R. Gonczarek, M. Krzyżosiak, and P. Machnikowski. "Spin-Based Quantum Information Processing in Magnetic Quantum Dots." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 12, no. 02 (June 2005): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11080-005-5724-0.

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We define the qubit as a pair of singlet and triplet states of two electrons in a He-type quantum dot (QD) placed in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) medium. The molecular field is here essential as it removes the degeneracy of the triplet state and strongly enhances the Zeeman splitting. Methods of qubit rotation as well as two-qubit operations are suggested. The system of a QD in a DMS is described in a way which allows an analysis of the decoherence due to spin waves in the DMS subsystem.
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Silva Filho, José Maria C. da, Victor A. Ermakov, Luiz G. Bonato, Ana F. Nogueira, and Francisco C. Marques. "Self-Organized Lead(II) Sulfide Quantum Dots Superlattice." MRS Advances 2, no. 15 (2017): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.246.

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ABSTRACTWe show that superlattice (SL) of PbS quantum dots (QD) can be easily prepared by drop casting of colloidal QD solution onto glass substrate and the ordering level can be controlled by the substrate temperature. A QD solution was dropped on glass and dried at 25, 40, 70 and 100°C resulting in formation of different SL structures. X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of deposited films show a set of sharp and intense peaks that are higher order satellites of a unique peak at 1.8 degrees (two theta), which corresponds, using the Bragg’s Law, to an interplanar spacing of 5.3 nm. The mean particles diameter, calculated through the broadening of the (111) peak of PbS using the Scherrer’s formula, were in agreement with the interplanar spacing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were also used to study the SL structure, which showed mainly a face centered cubic (FCC) arrangement of the QD. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of QD in the SL showed a shift toward lower energy compared to one in solution. It can be attributed to the fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) between neighbors QD´s. Moreover, we observed greater redshift of PL peak for film with lower drying temperature, suggesting that it has a more organized structure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

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Reinhart, Chase Collier. "Formulation of Colloidal Suspensions of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped PbS Quantum Dots as Solution Processable QD "Inks" for Optoelectronic Applications." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3289.

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The use of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) for photovoltaic energy conversion is a nascent field that has been dominated for well over a decade by the use of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) capped PbS QDs. These QDs are routinely deposited via an in situ solid state ligand exchange process that displaces the native oleate ligand on the PbS QD surface. This ligand exchange procedure is wasteful of material and has been demonstrated to leave numerous impurities that limit electronic performance of the as-deposited QD devices. Until the last few years there was very little understanding in chemical literature as to many important aspects of QD chemistry for this material pairing outside the framework of a QD solid. In this work, a colloidal suspension of 3-MPA capped PbS QDs in DMSO was formulated and investigated to probe ligand dynamics and optical properties of the suspended colloid. QD bound 3-MPA was found to be in dynamic exchange with "free" ligand in solution by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Optical properties and colloidal stability were found to be heavily dependent on the presence of a significant excess of free ligand. PbS QDs were also found to be highly photo-catalytic towards oxidative dimerization of 3-MPA to its dimer, dithiodipropionic acid (dTdPA). After an initial colloidal suspension was achieved, attempts were made to directly deposit the colloid as a QD "ink" to form optoelectronic devices. While photo-switchable devices were obtained, ultimately it was determined that DMSO was a largely incompatible solvent choice for solution processing methodologies. Subsequently, 3-MPA capped PbS QD colloids were obtained in volatile organic solvents amenable to solution processing by the addition of a stabilizing ammonium salt. These QD colloids maintained excellently resolved optical properties and were able to form conformal coatings from simple evaporative deposition. The ligand chemistry of this colloid was extensively investigated via NMR and optical spectroscopy. These QDs were also found to be highly photo-catalytic towards conversion of monomer 3-MPA to dTdPA.
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Stubbs, Stuart Kenneth. "Photo-physics and applications of colloidal quantum dots." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/photophysics-and-applications-of-colloidal-quantum-dots(2391c0ce-b086-47a8-8600-a833657f85bc).html.

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The work presented in this thesis was submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in June 2010 by Stuart K Stubbs and is entitled “Photo-physics and applications of colloidal quantum dots”. In this thesis the results of spectroscopic studies on various colloidal quantum dots, particularly related to the measurement and characterisation of multiple exciton generation are presented. Research conducted with Nanoco Technologies Ltd. that involved the design and development of hybrid quantum dot organic light emitting diodes for use in flat panel display technology is also presented. Cadmium selenide (CdSe), indium phosphide (InP), and lead sulphide (PbS) type I and cadmium selenide/cadmium telluride type II colloidal quantum dots were characterised using steady state photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence lifetimes of the decay of single excitons was measured in these quantum dots using time correlated single photon counting. An ultrafast transient absorption spectrometer was designed, built, and used to observe the picosecond dynamics of the decay of multiexcitons. These absorption transients were analysed in order to extract the quantum efficiency of producing multiple excitons per absorbed photon. The characteristic signature for multiple exciton generation was first found in CdSe using a time correlated single photon counting set-up. Results from the transient absorption spectrometer demonstrated efficient multiple exciton generation in InP for the first time as well as in PbS, where the efficiency was found to agree with values obtained by other research groups. The absorption transients taken for the type II CdSe/CdTe type II quantum dots demonstrated some novel decay dynamics that could not be attributed to the generation of multiple excitons. Quantum dot organic light emitting diodes were fabricated using Nanoco Technologies high quality cadmium based quantum dots and were shown to demonstrate bright, colour saturated emission originating from the quantum dot layer only. Using quantum dots of different sizes and structures red, green and blue devices were made and shown to be appropriate both in terms of brightness and chromaticity for the use as the red, green and blue pixels of a flat panel display. Because heavy metals like cadmium are restricted or banned from commercial products in many countries, Nanoco Technologies heavy metal free quantum dots, made from InP, were also incorporated in devices. Devices are demonstrated that emit from the quantum dot layer only, albeit at a lower luminance and efficiency than that found in the cadmium containing devices. This was the first demonstration of a heavy metal free, hybrid quantum dot organic light emitting diode.
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Kethineedi, Venkata Ramana. "Synthesis and Applications of Luminescent Quantum Dots in Bioassays." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1416.

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Luminescent quantum dot (QD) based probes have gained significance in the last decade for optical imaging of cells, tissues and in bioassays as alternatives to conventional organic fluorophores. The main objective of my PhD dissertation was to develop luminescent quantum dot based bioassays for real time monitoring of enzyme activity and simultaneous detection of several biomarkers. The quantum dot based bioassays developed will be potential tools in identification and diagnosis of several ailments that interfere with normal living conditions of human beings. In Chapter 2 new liposome encapsulated quantum dot based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes have been fabricated and characterized for monitoring the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A 2. The probes were able to detect the enzyme activity as low as 0.0075 U/mL (PLA2 = 1500 U/mg) in 30 min. Further these FRET probes were also used to screen the inhibition efficiencies of phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Chapter 3 focuses on the first time synthesis and characterization of liposome encapsulated InP/ZnS quantum dots while preserving the integrity of the liposomes. Results from the experiments to assess photostability and effect of pH on the optical properties of InP/ZnS QD-liposomes showed greater advantages over InP/ZnS quantum dots demonstrating their utility as a potential tool in several biological applications such as bio imaging, bioassays and in immunoassays. Chapter 4 discusses the development of fluorescence based immunoassay for simultaneous detection of the cardiac biomarkers troponin T and troponin I using CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. The assay achieved a detection limit was 0.1 pg/mL for both biomarkers troponin xi T and I. The method was highly specific for the both the biomarkers with no observed cross reactivity. The multiplex assay was able to detect two biomarkers simultaneously that will yield a high throughput diagnostic tool for heart attack. A similar method discussed as above was used in chapter 5 for the simultaneous detection of atherosclerosis biomarkers. The detection limits achieved in this study are comparable to the detection limits of the biomarkers reported so far. Incorporation of QDs in silica beads before conjugation to antibodies might improve detection limits that will also improve risk assessment.
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Drillat, François. "Encapsulation de Quantum Dots dans des copolymères blocs : formation de structures supramoléculaires organisées et utilisation en biologie comme nouveau marqueur fluorescent." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812058.

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Le travail de recherche effectué durant cette thèse avait pour but de synthétiser des billes de polystyrène de taille sub-micrométriques contenant des points quantiques, aussi appelés " quantum dots " ou QDs. Cette technique est appelée encapsulation. Elle correspond à piéger un ou plusieurs QDs au sein de la matrice formée de polymère. Les QDs émettent de la fluorescence à une longueur d'onde dépendant de la taille du nanocristal et de sa composition chimique. Les QDs employés seront des QDs de CdSe émettant dans la gamme de 500nm à 630nm. Pour la réalisation de ces billes, nous avons opté pour un processus de mini-émulsion qui nous permet de produire des billes de latex en grande quantité et très monodisperses. Les propriétés optiques des QDs lors du processus d'encapsulation doivent alors être conservées. La principale difficulté a consisté à réaliser une dispersion homogène de QDs au sein des billes. Pour cela, il faut obtenir une répartition statistique des QDs dans chaque bille. L'utilité de développer ces billes (en polymères contenant des nanoparticules) de taille sub-micrométrique composites, est de solubiliser les QDs dans l'eau en vue d'application pour la biologie en tant que marqueurs. Ces objets, pourront alors être fonctionnalisés avec le greffage d'un groupement fonctionnel qui présentera une affinité spécifique pour un matériel biologique précis. Cette fonctionnalisation sera assurée par l'intermédiaire du surfactant qui permet de produire la mini-émulsion. Nous avons enfin, essayé de réaliser aussi des auto-assemblages de QDs avec des copolymères blocs chargés. Ce travail consistait également à réaliser des agrégats à la fois magnétiques et fluorescents.
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James, Daniel. "Fabrication and electrical characterisation of quantum dots : uniform size distributions and the observation of unusual electrical characteristics and metastability." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fabrication-and-electrical-characterisation-of-quantum-dots-uniform-size-distributions-and-the-observation-of-unusual-electrical-characteristics-and-metastability(01bb9182-5290-4ad1-b6a4-3aed3970dbcf).html.

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Quantum dots (QDs) are a semiconductor nanostructure in which a small island of one type of semiconductor material is contained within a larger bulk of a different one. These structure are interesting for a wide range of applications, including highly efficient LASERs, high-density novel memory devices, quantum computing and more. In order to understand the nature of QDs, electrical characterisation techniques such as capacitance-voltage (CV) profiling and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) are used to probe the nature of the carrier capture and emission processes. This is limited, however, by the nature of QD formation which results in a spread of sizes which directly affects the energy structure of the QDs. In this work, I sought to overcome this by using Si substrates patterned with a focused ion beam (FIB) to grow an array of identically-sized Ge dots. Although I was ultimately unsuccessful, I feel this approach has great merit for future applications.In addition, this thesis describes several unusual characteristics observed in InAs QDs in a GaAs bulk (grown by molecular beam epitaxy-MBE). Using conventional and Laplace DLTS, I have been able to isolate a single emission transient. I further show an inverted relation between the emission rate and the temperature under high field (emissions increase at lower temperatures). I attribute this to a rapid capture to and emission from excited states in the QD. In addition, I examine a metastable charging effect that results from the application of a sustained reverse bias and decreases the apparent emission rate from the dots. I believe this to be the result of a GaAs defect with a metastable state which acts as a screen, inhibiting emission from the dots due to an accumulation of charge in the metastable state. These unusual characteristics of QDs require further intensive work to fully understand. In this work I have sought to describe the phenomena fully and to provide hypotheses as to their origin.
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Xiaohong, Tang, and Yin Zongyou. "MOCVD Growths of the InAs QD Structures for Mid-IR Emissions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35383.

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In this research, InAs quantum dot structures for mid-infrared emission were self-assembled on InP substrate by using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. To improve the grown quantum dot’s shape, the dot density and the dot size uniformity, a two-step growth method has been used and investigated. By changing the composition of the InxGa1 – xAs matrix layer of the InAs / InxGa1 – xAs / InP quantum dot structure, emission wavelength of the InAs quantum dot structure has been extended to the longest  2.35 m measured at 77 K. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35383
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Ye, Xinying. "SEMI-AUTOMATIC AND INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION OF QUANTUM DOT NANO-STRUCTURES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1195496291.

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Guellil, Imene. "Nano-fonctionnalisation par FIB haute résolution de silicium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0361.

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Le but de ce travail est de développer un processus d’élaboration de boîtes quantiques (QD) de silicium-germanium (SiGe) avec des compositions allant du Si au Ge pur, et permettant d’obtenir des QD semi-conductrices et de tailles suffisamment petites pour l’obtention de confinement quantique. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une combinaison de différentes techniques : l’épitaxie par jets moléculaires, la lithographie ionique par faisceau d’ions focalisés (FIBL) et le démouillage solide hétérogène. Dans ce contexte, la finalité de cette recherche est d’une part de développer un FIB qui puisse être couplé à un bâti d’épitaxie par jets moléculaires sous ultra-vide et d’autre part de valider le FIB avec deux applications : des nanogravures pour l’auto-organisation des QD et des nano-implantations de Si et de Ge pour la création de défauts locaux émetteurs de lumière. Nous avons utilisé la FIBL avec des sources d’ions d’alliage métallique liquide (LMAIS) filtrées en énergie utilisant des ions non polluants (Si et Ge) dans des substrats issus de la microélectronique tels que des substrats de SiGe sur silicium-sur-isolant (SGOI). Les nano-gravures doivent être totalement dénuées de pollution et aux caractéristiques variables et parfaitement contrôlées (taille, densité, profondeur). La morphologie des nano-gravures obtenues est ensuite caractérisée in-situ par microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM), et la profondeur est déterminée par des caractérisations ex-situ par microscopie de force atomique (AFM). Les nano-gravures réalisées par FIBL ont été comparées d’une part aux gravures plasmas avec He et Ne et d’autre part aux gravures obtenues par lithographie électronique (EBL)
The goal of this work is to develop a process for the elaboration of silicon-germanium (SiGe) quantum dots (QDs) with compositions ranging from Si to pure Ge, and allowing to obtain semiconducting QDs with sufficiently small sizes to obtain quantum confinement. For this purpose, we have used a combination of different techniques: molecular beam epitaxy, focused ion beam lithography (FIBL) and heterogeneous solid state dewetting. In this context, the aim of this research is on the one hand to develop a new FIB that can be coupled to the ultra-high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy growth chamber, and on the other hand to realize two applications: (i) nanopatterns for the self-organisation of Si and Ge QDs and (ii) nano-implantations of Si and Ge. We used FIBL with energy-filtered liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAIS) using non-polluting ions (Si and Ge) for the milling of conventional microelectronic substrates such as SiGe on silicon-on-insulator (SGOI). The nanopatterns must be totally free of pollution and with variable and perfectly controlled characteristics (size, density, depth). The morphology of the nanopatterns is then characterized in-situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth is determined ex-situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nanopatterns made by FIBL were compared on the one hand to plasma etchings with He and Ne and on the other hand to the etchings obtained by electronic lithography (EBL). Nanoimplantations of Si and Ge ions were realised in diamond and in ultra-thin SGOI for the fabrication of local defects
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Pereira, Geovane Módena. "Criptografia de qubits de férmions de Majorana por meio de estados ligados no contínuo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152724.

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Nós investigamos teoricamente uma cadeia topológica de Kitaev conectada a dois pontos quânticos (QDs) hibridizados a terminais metálicos. Neste sistema, observamos o surgimento de dois fenômenos marcantes: (i) uma decriptografia do Férmion de Majorana (MF), que é detectado por meio de medições de condutância devido ao estado de vazamento assimétrico do qubit de MFs nos QDs; (ii) criptografia desse qubit em ambos os QDs quando o vazamento é simétrico. Em tal regime, temos portanto a criptografia proposta, uma vez que o qubit de MFs separa-se nos QDs como estados ligados no contínuo (BICs), os quais não são detectáveis em experimentos de condutância.
We theoretically investigate a topological Kitaev chain connected to a double quantum-dot (QD) setup hybridized with metallic leads. In this system, we observe the emergence of two striking phenomena: i) a decrypted Majorana Fermion (MF) - qubit recorded over a single QD, which is detectable by means of conductance measurements due to the asymmetrical MF-leaked state into the QDs; ii) an encrypted qubit recorded in both QDs when the leakage is symmetrical. In such a regime, we have a cryptography-like manifestation, since the MF-qubit becomes bound states in the continuum, which is not detectable in conductance experiments.
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Bain, Fiona Mair. "Yb:tungstate waveguide lasers." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1698.

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Lasers find a wide range of applications in many areas including photo-biology, photo-chemistry, materials processing, imaging and telecommunications. However, the practical use of such sources is often limited by the bulky nature of existing systems. By fabricating channel waveguides in solid-state laser-gain materials more compact laser systems can be designed and fabricated, providing user-friendly sources. Other advantages inherent in the use of waveguide gain media include the maintenance of high intensities over extended interaction lengths, reducing laser thresholds. This thesis presents the development of Yb:tungstate lasers operating around 1μm in waveguide geometries. An Yb:KY(WO₄)₂ planar waveguide laser grown by liquid phase epitaxy is demonstrated with output powers up to 190 mW and 76 % slope efficiency. This is similar to the performance from bulk lasers but in a very compact design. Excellent thresholds of only 40 mW absorbed pump power are realised. The propagation loss is found to be less than 0.1 dBcm⁻¹ and Q-switched operation is also demonstrated. Channel waveguides are fabricated in Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂ and Yb:KY(WO₄)₂ using ultrafast laser inscription. Several of these waveguides lase in compact monolithic cavities. A maximum output power of 18.6 mW is observed, with a propagation loss of ~2 dBcm⁻¹. By using a variety of writing conditions the optimum writing pulse energy is identified. Micro-spectroscopy experiments are performed to enable a fuller understanding of the induced crystal modification. Observations include frequency shifts of Raman lines which are attributed to densification of WO₂W bonds in the crystal. Yb:tungstate lasers can generate ultrashort pulses and some preliminary work is done to investigate the use of quantum dot devices as saturable absorbers. These are shown to have reduced saturation fluence compared to quantum well devices, making them particularly suitable for future integration with Yb:tungstate waveguides for the creation of ultrafast, compact and high repetition rate lasers.
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Books on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

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Zrazhevskiy, P., and X. Gao. Bioconjugated quantum dots for tumor molecular imaging and profiling. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.17.

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This article discusses the use of bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) for tumor molecular imaging and profiling. The need for personalized diagnostics and therapy is becoming apparent in all areas of medicine, and especially urgent and sought after in treating cancer. Mechanisms of cancerogenesis and cancer response to therapy remain poorly understood, thus precluding accurate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment. Accurate molecular profiling of individual tumors is one key to effective treatment. This article first considers the photophysical properties of QDs before reviewing the most common methods for engineering QD-based probes for biomedical applications, including water solubilization and bioconjugation approaches. It also describes a number of techniques for molecular imagingand profiling of tumors, ranging from QD-based multicolor flow cytometry and applications of QDs in high-resolution correlated fluorescence/electron microscopy, QD bioprobes for molecular profiling of tumor-tissue sections and microarrays, and QD-oligonucleotide bioconjugates for in-situ hybridization.
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Melnikov, D. V., J. Kim, L. X. Zhang, and J. P. Leburton. Few-electron quantum-dot spintronics. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.2.

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This article examines the spin and charge properties of double and triple quantum dots (QDs) populated containing just a few electrons, with particular emphasis on laterally coupled QDs. It first describes the theoretical approach, known as exact diagonalization method, utilized on the example of the two-electron system in coupled QDs that are modelled as two parabolas. The many-body problem is solved via the exact diagonalization method as well as variational Heitler–London and Monte Carlo methods. The article proceeds by considering the general characteristics of the two-electron double-QD structure and limitations of the approximate methods commonly used for its theoretical description. It also discusses the stability diagram for two circular dots and investigates how its features are affected by the QD elliptical deformations. Finally, it assesses the behavior of the two-electron system in the realistic double-dot confinement potentials.
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Grove-Rasmussen, K. Hybrid Superconducting Devices Based on Quantum Wires. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.16.

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This article reviews the experimental progress in hybrid superconducting devices based on quantum wires, in the form of semiconductor nanowires or carbon nanotubes, which are coupled to superconducting electrodes. It also presents a series of recent examples which illustrate the key phenomena that have allowed detailed investigations of important scenarios, including individual impurities on superconductors and proximitized systems that may hold Majorana quasiparticles. After describing experimental aspects of hybrid devices, including materials and fabrication techniques, the article considers superconducting junctions with normal quantum dots (QDs). It then turns to experiments on superconductivity-enhanced QD spectroscopy, sub-gap states in hybrid QDs, and non-local signals in Cooper pair splitter devices. Finally, it discusses the growth of epitaxial semiconductor–superconductor nanowire hybrids.
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Book chapters on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

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Hashimoto, Masanori, Takuto Matsumoto, Masafumi Tanaka, Ryo Shirai, Naoya Tate, Masaki Nakagawa, Takashi Tokuda, Kiyotaka Sasagawa, Jun Ohta, and Jaehoon Yu. "Exploring Integrated Device Implementation for FRET-Based Optical Reservoir Computing." In Photonic Neural Networks with Spatiotemporal Dynamics, 89–108. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5072-0_5.

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AbstractThis chapter explores a reservoir computing (RC) device based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots (QDs). We propose a compact structure in which optical input/output and quantum dots are adjacently placed without lenses or delay lines. The proposed structure exploits the QD-based optical reservoir as an intermediate layer and adopts memory to enable recurrent inputs. We evaluate the feasibility of the proposed structure by applying tasks that require nonlinearity. Simulation-based experimental results show that the proposed device can perform logistic map, time-series XOR, and NARMA10. A proof-of-concept implementation with a commercial image sensor demonstrates that the proposed structure can solve XOR and MNIST tasks. Also, we discuss the energy advantage over conventional digital circuit implementations.
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Niveria, Karishma, Priyanka Singh, Monika Yadav, and Anita K. Verma. "Quantum Dot (QD)-Induced Toxicity and Biocompatibility." In Handbook of II-VI Semiconductor-Based Sensors and Radiation Detectors, 181–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19531-0_8.

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Röhm, André. "Modes of Operation of QD Lasers." In Dynamic Scenarios in Two-State Quantum Dot Lasers, 28–36. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09402-7_3.

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Röhm, André. "Understanding QD Laser Regimes of Operation." In Dynamic Scenarios in Two-State Quantum Dot Lasers, 37–59. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09402-7_4.

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Breuer, Stefan, Dimitris Syvridis, and Edik U. Rafailov. "Ultra-Short-Pulse QD Edge-Emitting Lasers." In The Physics and Engineering of Compact Quantum Dot-based Lasers for Biophotonics, 43–94. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665587.ch2.

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Sengupta, Saumya, and Subhananda Chakrabarti. "Structural and Optical Characterization of Bilayer QD Heterostructures." In Structural, Optical and Spectral Behaviour of InAs-based Quantum Dot Heterostructures, 25–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5702-1_3.

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Lange, Alexander, and Armin Wedel. "Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) and Quantum Dot (QD) Inks and Application." In Handbook of Industrial Inkjet Printing, 225–38. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527687169.ch12.

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Loza-Alvarez, Pablo, Rodrigo Avilés-Espinosa, Steve J. Matcher, D. Childs, and Sergei G. Sokolovski. "QD Ultrafast and Continuous Wavelength Laser Diodes for Applications in Biology and Medicine." In The Physics and Engineering of Compact Quantum Dot-based Lasers for Biophotonics, 171–230. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665587.ch5.

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Samukawa, Seiji. "Fabrication of 3D Quantum Dot Array by Fusion of Biotemplate and Neutral Beam Etching II: Application to QD Solar Cells and Laser/LED." In Intelligent Nanosystems for Energy, Information and Biological Technologies, 169–92. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56429-4_10.

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González De la Cruz, Gerardo, Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso, Patricia Rodríguez-Fragoso, and Anahi Rodríguez-López. "Toxicity of Quantum Dots." In Toxicity of Nanoparticles - Recent Advances and New Perspectives. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112073.

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Quantum dots (QD) have been deeply studied due to their physicochemical and optical properties with important advantages of a wide range biomedical applications. Nevertheless, concern prevails about its toxic effects, mainly in those QD whose core contains cadmium. Therefore, there are reports about the toxicity caused by the release of ions of cadmium and the effects related to its tiny nanometric size. The aim of this chapter is to show the evaluations about the toxicity of QD, which include studies on viability, proliferation, uptake, and distribution in vitro and in vivo models. What are the worrying toxic effects of QD? There are reports about some mechanisms of toxicity caused by QD, such as immunological toxicity, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), genotoxicity, among others. In addition, we discuss how coating QD with passivating agents that improve their biocompatibility. Likewise, this coating modifies their size and surface charge, which are fundamental aspects of the interaction with other biomolecules. We consider highlighting information about more precise techniques and methodologies that help us to understand how QD induce damage in several biological systems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

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Nishi, Kenichi, Hideaki Saito, and Shigeo Sugou. "Vertical cavity surface emitting laser with self-assembled quantum dots." In Quantum Optoelectronics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qo.1997.qwa.2.

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Recently, low-dimensional quantum structures such as quantum dots (QDs) and quantum wires (QWIs), has been attracting much interest due to their novel physical properties and consequent improvements in device performances.1) When the ideal QD or QWI structures are achieved, higher gain and lower threshold current in laser diodes are expected.2) Among the many fabrication methods reported for such structures, self-assembled quantum-dot (SAQD) growth techniques3-5) are particularly notable. They positively utilize the islanding growth in highly strained heteroepitaxial systems, such as InGaAs on GaAs. The SAQDs can be simply fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)3) or metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)4),5) and they have high crystal quality and uniform size distributions of within 10% as well as high surface densities of more than about 1011cm-2. Using these SAQDs, low-threshold QD edge-emitting lasers have been fabricated.6-8) We expect to make even more advanced lasers, such as QD vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using QDs in the active region.9) The QD-VCSEL is especially attractive for controlling both the electron and photon modes in a microcavity structure.10) When the cavity mode coincides with the narrow bandwidth light emission that originates from the delta-function-like density of states in uniform QDs, a high-performance light source with very low threshold current can be realized. On the other hand, the gain width, which critically determines the temperature characteristics of the VCSEL,11) can be designated in QD-VCSELs by controlling the dot size distribution. Therefore, for improving and modifying device performances, we believe that the QD-VCSEL is the optimum optical device utilizing the QD structure. In this article, we report the fabrication of a QD-VCSEL and the observation of lasing oscillation at room temperature.
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Malinowski, Pawel, David Cheyns, Vladimir Pejovic, Luis Moreno Hagelsieb, Griet Uytterhoeven, Jiwon Lee, Epimitheas Georgitzikis, et al. "High image quality QD image sensors for the SWIR range." In Internet Conference for Quantum Dots. València: Fundació Scito, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.icqd.2020.034.

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3

Sandmann, J. H. H., S. Grosse, J. Feldmann, H. Lipsanen, M. Sopanen, J. Tulkki, and J. Ahopelto. "Carrier Relaxation and Recombination Dynamics in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.thb.3.

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We present results of time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies performed on InGaAs quantum dots (QD) of remarkably high optical quality. Characteristic QD properties in the relaxation and recombination scenario such as delay of relaxation by Pauli-blocking, inefficient inter-dot-state relaxation by phonon scattering and a temperature independent recombination lifetime are observed. In addition, we find that fast and efficient Coulomb-scattering speeds up the carrier relaxation between QD states, i.e. down to the lowest QD ground state.
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M. Cossairt, Brandi. "QD Nucleation and Growth – Beyond Classical Mechanisms." In Online school on Fundamentals of Semiconductive Quantum Dots. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.qdsschool.2021.005.

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Loi, Maria Antonietta. "QD solar cells: past, present and future." In Online school on Fundamentals of Semiconductive Quantum Dots. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.qdsschool.2021.011.

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Elsinger, Lukas, Dries Van Thourhout, Iman E. Zadeh, Jorick Maes, Antonio Guardiani, Ronan Gourgues, Silvania F. Pereira, et al. "Plasmonic Enhancement and Spectroscopy of PbS/CdS QD Emitters on a Silicon Nitride Photonic Platform." In Internet Conference for Quantum Dots. València: Fundació Scito, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.icqd.2020.103.

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Onal, Asim, Guncem Ozgun Eren, Sadra Sadeghi, Rustamzhon Melikov, Mertcan Han, Onuralp Karatum, Melek Sermin Ozer, et al. "Highly Efficient White LEDs by Using Near Unity Emitting Colloidal Quantum Dots in Liquid Medium." In Novel Optical Materials and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/noma.2022.now4d.1.

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We developed quantum dot (QD) based color-conversion white LEDs that reach over 150 lumens per electrical Watt. For that we synthesized alloyed ZnCdSe/ZnSe QDs with 94% of quantum efficiency and injected QD-liquids on blue LEDs.
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Dongre, Suryansh, Debi Prasad Panda, Sanowar Alam Gazi, Debabrata Das, Ravinder Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Nivedita Pandey, and Subhananda Chakrabarti. "Optimization of strain-coupled InAs QD layers in P-i-P infrared photodetector heterostructures." In Quantum Dots, Nanostructures, and Quantum Materials: Growth, Characterization, and Modeling XVII, edited by Diana L. Huffaker and Holger Eisele. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2542565.

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Ozkan, Cengiz S. "Assembly at the Nanoscale: Heterojunctions of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocrystals (Keynote)." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82363.

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This paper reports the controlled synthesis of multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-Quantum Dot (CNT-QD) heterojunctions using the Ethylene Carbodiimide Coupling procedure (EDC). Thiol stabilized ZnS capped CdSe quantum dots containing amine terminal groups (QD-NH2) were conjugated with acid treated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) ranging from 400 nm to 4μm in length. SEM, TEM, EDS and FTIR were used to characterize the conjugation process.
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Ozkan, Cengiz S. "Assembly at the Nanoscale: Towards Functional Nanostructured Materials (Invited)." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17078.

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This paper reports the self assembly of functional nanostructured materials including multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-Quantum Dot (CNT-QD) heterojunctions using the Ethylene Carbodiimide Coupling procedure (EDC). Thiol stabilized ZnS capped CdSe quantum dots containing amine terminal groups (QD-NH2) were conjugated with acid treated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) ranging from 400 nm to 4μm in length. SEM, TEM, EDS and FTIR were used to characterize the conjugation process.
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Reports on the topic "Quantum Dots (QD)"

1

Lagally, Max. Quantum Dots on Silicon-on-Insulator (QD/SOI): Nanoscale Strain and Band Structure Engineering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2004654.

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2

Reinhart, Chase. Formulation of Colloidal Suspensions of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped PbS Quantum Dots as Solution Processable QD "Inks" for Optoelectronic Applications. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3280.

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