Journal articles: 'Quantum communication systems'

1

Rezai, Mohammad, and Jawad A. Salehi. "Quantum CDMA Communication Systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 67, no. 8 (August 2021): 5526–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2021.3087959.

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Sengupta, Diganta, Ahmed Abd El‐Latif, Debashis De, Keivan Navi, and Nader Bagherzadeh. "Reversible quantum communication & systems." IET Quantum Communication 3, no. 1 (March 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/qtc2.12037.

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Humble, Travis S., and Ronald J. Sadlier. "Software-defined quantum communication systems." Optical Engineering 53, no. 8 (August 12, 2014): 086103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.8.086103.

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Marks, Paul. "Photon counter extends quantum communication systems." New Scientist 198, no. 2661 (June 2008): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61550-x.

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GAY, SIMON J., and RAJAGOPAL NAGARAJAN. "Types and typechecking for Communicating Quantum Processes." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 16, no. 3 (June 2006): 375–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129506005263.

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We define a language CQP (Communicating Quantum Processes) for modelling systems that combine quantum and classical communication and computation. CQP combines the communication primitives of the pi-calculus with primitives for measurement and transformation of the quantum state; in particular, quantum bits (qubits) can be transmitted from process to process along communication channels. CQP has a static type system, which classifies channels, distinguishes between quantum and classical data, and controls the use of quantum states. We formally define the syntax, operational semantics and type system of CQP, prove that the semantics preserves typing, and prove that typing guarantees that each qubit is owned by a unique process within a system. We also define a typechecking algorithm and prove that it is sound and complete with respect to the type system. We illustrate CQP by defining models of several quantum communication systems, and outline our plans for using CQP as the foundation for formal analysis and verification of combined quantum and classical systems.

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Shkorkina, E. N., and E. B. Aleksandrova. "Securing Post-Quantum Resistance for Quantum-Protected Communication Systems." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 54, no. 8 (December 2020): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411620080301.

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Mumtaz, Shahid, and Mohsen Guizani. "An overview of quantum computing and quantum communication systems." IET Quantum Communication 2, no. 3 (September 2021): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/qtc2.12021.

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Ban, Masashi. "Symmetric and asymmetric quantum channels in quantum communication systems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 38, no. 16 (April 6, 2005): 3595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/38/16/009.

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Sharma, Vishal. "Effect of Noise on Practical Quantum Communication Systems." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9771.

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<p>Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.</p><p> </p>

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Commissariat, Tushna. "The key to our quantum future." Physics World 34, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/34/12/37.

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Safeguarding our communications data and infrastructures will become a much harder task in a quantum-enabled future. KETS Quantum Security chief executive Chris Erven talks to Tushna Commissariat about how integrating quantum-based systems into existing communication is key.

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Müller, Bernd. "Classification and Construction of Quantum Communication Systems." Communications in Mathematical Physics 191, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050258.

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Granelli, Fabrizio, Riccardo Bassoli, Janis Nötzel, Frank H. P. Fitzek, Holger Boche, and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca. "A Novel Architecture for Future Classical-Quantum Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3770994.

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The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context.

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Granelli, Fabrizio, Riccardo Bassoli, Janis Nötzel, Frank H. P. Fitzek, Holger Boche, and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca. "A Novel Architecture for Future Classical-Quantum Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3770994.

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The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context.

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Ryabtsev, I. I., S. P. Yurkevichyus, and A. E. Gritsenko. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CREATION OF QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(29) (July 1, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-27-33.

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Scientific and technological problems and prospects for creating quantum communication systems are herein outlined. A brief analysis of the state of scientific research in this area abroad is carried out. The strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of quantum information processing technology are reflected.

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BRUKNER, ČASLAV, TOMASZ PATEREK, and MAREK ŻUKOWSKI. "QUANTUM COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY PROTOCOLS BASED ON HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL ENTANGLED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Quantum Information 01, no. 04 (December 2003): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749903000395.

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We introduce new communication complexity problems whose quantum solution exploits entanglement between higher-dimensional systems. We show that the quantum solution is more efficient than the broad class of classical ones. The difference between the efficiencies for the quantum and classical protocols grows with the dimensionality of the entangled systems.

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Zhukov, A. E., and A. R. Kovsh. "Quantum dot diode lasers for optical communication systems." Quantum Electronics 38, no. 5 (May 31, 2008): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2008v038n05abeh013817.

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17

Djordjevic, Ivan B. "On Global Quantum Communication Networking." Entropy 22, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080831.

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Research in quantum communications networks (QCNs), where multiple users desire to generate or transmit common quantum-secured information, is still in its beginning stage. To solve for the problems of both discrete variable- and continuous variable-quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes in a simultaneous manner as well as to enable the next generation of quantum communication networking, in this Special Issue paper we describe a scenario where disconnected terrestrial QCNs are coupled through low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite quantum network forming heterogeneous satellite–terrestrial QCN. The proposed heterogeneous QCN is based on the cluster state approach and can be used for numerous applications, including: (i) to teleport arbitrary quantum states between any two nodes in the QCN; (ii) to enable the next generation of cyber security systems; (iii) to enable distributed quantum computing; and (iv) to enable the next generation of quantum sensing networks. The proposed QCNs will be robust against various channel impairments over heterogeneous links. Moreover, the proposed QCNs will provide an unprecedented security level for 5G+/6G wireless networks, Internet of Things (IoT), optical networks, and autonomous vehicles, to mention a few.

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Боев, А. А., С. С. Воробей, С. Ю. Казанцев, М. Ю. Керносов, О. В. Колесников, С. Н. Кузнецов, Ю. Б. Миронов, А. А. Паршин, and Н. В. Рудавин. "Возможность построения модульной системы квантового распределения ключей в атмосфере." Письма в журнал технической физики 48, no. 15 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2022.15.53125.19192.

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The possibility of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere has been experimentally demonstrated by coupling commercially available quantum key distribution units designed for fiber-optic communication lines with atmospheric optical communication terminals. For distances up to 3100m, data on losses in a quantum channel on an optical path were obtained and the influence of systems for intelligent adjustment of atmospheric communication terminals on the synchronization system of quantum communication blocks was studied. It has been established that failures of synchronization systems in the case of quantum key distribution in the atmosphere at distances greater than 10m are due to the peculiarities of the algorithm implemented in the quantum communication unit.

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Klauck, H., A. Nayak, A. Ta-Shma, and D. Zuckerman. "Interaction in Quantum Communication." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 53, no. 6 (June 2007): 1970–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2007.896888.

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VIDAL, G., M. S. BAPTISTA, and H. MANCINI. "FUNDAMENTALS OF A CLASSICAL CHAOS-BASED CRYPTOSYSTEM WITH SOME QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FEATURES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 10 (October 2012): 1250243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412502434.

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We present the fundamentals of a cryptographic method based on a hyperchaotic system and a protocol which inherits some properties of the quantum cryptography that can be straightforwardly applied on the existing communication systems of nonoptical communication channels. It is an appropriate tool to provide security on software applications for VoIP, as in Skype, dedicated to voice communication through Internet. This would enable that an information packet be sent through Internet preventing attacks with strategies similar to that employed if this same packet is transferred in an optical channel under a quantum cryptographic scheme. This method relies on fundamental properties possessed by chaotic signals and coupled chaotic systems. Some of these properties have never been explored in secure communications.

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21

Cavaliere, Fabio, Enrico Prati, Luca Poti, Imran Muhammad, and Tommaso Catuogno. "Secure Quantum Communication Technologies and Systems: From Labs to Markets." Quantum Reports 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum2010007.

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We provide a broad overview of current quantum communication by analyzing the recent discoveries on the topic and by identifying the potential bottlenecks requiring further investigation. The analysis follows an industrial perspective, first identifying the state or the art in terms of protocols, systems, and devices for quantum communication. Next, we classify the applicative fields where short- and medium-term impact is expected by emphasizing the potential and challenges of different approaches. The direction and the methodology with which the scientific community is proceeding are discussed. Finally, with reference to the European guidelines within the Quantum Flagship initiative, we suggest a roadmap to match the effort community-wise, with the objective of maximizing the impact that quantum communication may have on our society.

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Watanabe, Noboru. "An Entropy Based Treatment of Gaussian Communication Process for General Quantum Systems." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 20, no. 03 (September 2013): 1340009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s123016121340009x.

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The quantum entropy introduced by von Neumann around 1932 describes the amount of information of the quantum state itself. It was extended by Ohya for C*-systems before Conne-Narnhoffer-Thirring (CNT) entropy. The quantum relative entropy was first defined by Umegaki for σ-finite von Neumann algebras and it was subsequently extended by Araki and Uhlmann for general von Neumann algebras and *-algebras, respectively. By introducing a new notion, the so-called compound state, in 1983 Ohya succeeded to construct the mutual entropy in a complete quantum mechanical system (i.e., input state, output state and channel are all quantum mechanical) describing the amount of information correctly transmitted through the quantum channel. In this paper, we briefly review Ohya's S-mixing entropy and the quantum mutual entropy for general quantum systems. Based on a concept of structure equivalent, we apply the general framework of quantum communication to the Gaussian communication processes.

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FERRERO, M., D. SALGADO, and J. L. SÁNCHEZ-GÓMEZ. "ON NONLINEAR EVOLUTION AND SUPRALUMINAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FINITE QUANTUM SYSTEMS." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 01 (March 2005): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000840.

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We revise the 'no-signaling' condition for the supraluminal communication between two spatially separated finite quantum systems of arbitrary dimensions, thus generalizing a similar preceding approach for two-qubits: non-linear evolution does not necessarily imply the possibility of supraluminal communication between any sort of finite quantum systems.

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Grimaila, Michael R. "Modeling and simulation of quantum information, quantum communication, and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512918805841.

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Minaev, V. A., I. D. Korolev, O. A. Kulish, and A. V. Mazin. "MODELING OF FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FOR QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS." Issues of radio electronics, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-4-90-95.

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The existing methods of information delivery to the strategic and tactical management of many government agencies are expensive, not always reliable and efficient. Therefore, quantum cryptographic systems (QCS) have been actively developed in recent years. However, there are problems with the use of the QCS associated with the reliability of information transfer. First, the existing fiber-optic communication channels (FOCC) are not designed to transmit single-photon signals, which leads to the complexity of their cryptographic protection. The second is insufficiently methodically developed calculation of energy losses and errors in the evaluation of the characteristics of information transfer in FOCC QCS. In article the analysis of the energy loss factors in the classical fiber-optic channel is carried out and the additive loss formula is discussed in detail. Then we consider the fiber-optic channel of quantum information transmission with the use of integrated optical devices. The additive formula of optical losses in such a channel is discussed. The features of losses in integrated optical devices are shown. The features of quantum cryptographic system of information transmission are considered. As a result, the model of FOCC QCS taking into account energy losses is presented, which allows competently in theoretical terms and visualize the passage of information through modern quantum cryptographically secure telecommunications while providing control in government structures.

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Khan, Imran, Dominique Elser, Thomas Dirmeier, Christoph Marquardt, and Gerd Leuchs. "Quantum communication with coherent states of light." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2099 (June 26, 2017): 20160235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0235.

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Quantum communication offers long-term security especially, but not only, relevant to government and industrial users. It is worth noting that, for the first time in the history of cryptographic encoding, we are currently in the situation that secure communication can be based on the fundamental laws of physics (information theoretical security) rather than on algorithmic security relying on the complexity of algorithms, which is periodically endangered as standard computer technology advances. On a fundamental level, the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the non-orthogonality of the quantum states used. So even coherent states are well suited for this task, the quantum states that largely describe the light generated by laser systems. Depending on whether one uses detectors resolving single or multiple photon states or detectors measuring the field quadratures, one speaks of, respectively, a discrete- or a continuous-variable description. Continuous-variable QKD with coherent states uses a technology that is very similar to the one employed in classical coherent communication systems, the backbone of today’s Internet connections. Here, we review recent developments in this field in two connected regimes: (i) improving QKD equipment by implementing front-end telecom devices and (ii) research into satellite QKD for bridging long distances by building upon existing optical satellite links. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.

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Prabhakar, Shashi, Taylor Shields, Adetunmise C. Dada, Mehdi Ebrahim, Gregor G. Taylor, Dmitry Morozov, Kleanthis Erotokritou, et al. "Two-photon quantum interference and entanglement at 2.1 μm." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (March 2020): eaay5195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5195.

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Quantum-enhanced optical systems operating within the 2- to 2.5-μm spectral region have the potential to revolutionize emerging applications in communications, sensing, and metrology. However, to date, sources of entangled photons have been realized mainly in the near-infrared 700- to 1550-nm spectral window. Here, using custom-designed lithium niobate crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion and tailored superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we demonstrate two-photon interference and polarization-entangled photon pairs at 2090 nm. These results open the 2- to 2.5-μm mid-infrared window for the development of optical quantum technologies such as quantum key distribution in next-generation mid-infrared fiber communication systems and future Earth-to-satellite communications.

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Mikki, Said. "Fundamental Spacetime Representations of Quantum Antenna Systems." Foundations 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 251–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2010019.

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We utilize relativistic quantum mechanics to develop general quantum field-theoretic foundations suitable for understanding, analyzing, and designing generic quantum antennas for potential use in secure quantum communication systems and other applications. Quantum antennas are approached here as abstract source systems capable of producing what we dub “quantum radiation.” We work from within a generic relativistic framework, whereby the quantum antenna system is modeled in terms of a fundamental quantum spacetime field. After developing a framework explaining how quantum radiation can be understood using the methods of perturbative relativistic quantum field theory (QFT), we investigate in depth the problem of quantum radiation by a controlled abstract source functions. We illustrate the theory in the case of the neutral Klein-Gordon linear quantum antenna, outlining general methods for the construction of the Green’s function of a source—receiver quantum antenna system, the latter being useful for the computation of various candidate angular quantum radiation directivity and gain patterns analogous to the corresponding concepts in classical antenna theory. We anticipate that the proposed formalism may be extended to deal with a large spectrum of other possible controlled emission types for quantum communications applications, including, for example, the production of scalar, fermionic, and bosonic particles, where each could be massless or massive. Therefore, our goal is to extend the idea of antenna beyond electromagnetic waves, where now our proposed QFT-based concept of a quantum antenna system could be used to explore scenarios of controlled radiation of any type of relativistic particles, i.e., effectively transcending the well-known case of photonic systems through the deployment of novel non-standard quantum information transmission carriers such as massive photons, spin-1/2 particles, gravitons, antiparticles, higher spin particles, and so on.

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Pinto, Armando, Nuno Silva, Álvaro Almeida, and Nelson Muga. "Using quantum technologies to improve fiber optic communication systems." IEEE Communications Magazine 51, no. 8 (August 2013): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6576337.

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Ban, Masashi. "Optimal signal detection in entanglement-assisted quantum communication systems." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/4/2/310.

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Cui, Yeqin, and Jianguo Gao. "Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication in Trapped Ion Systems." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 55, no. 3 (September 11, 2015): 1706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-015-2808-7.

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Kurizki, Gershon, Patrice Bertet, Yuimaru Kubo, Klaus Mølmer, David Petrosyan, Peter Rabl, and Jörg Schmiedmayer. "Quantum technologies with hybrid systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 13 (March 3, 2015): 3866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419326112.

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An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for quantum information processing, secure communication, and high-precision sensing are being implemented with diverse systems, ranging from photons, atoms, and spins to mesoscopic superconducting and nanomechanical structures. Their physical properties make some of these systems better suited than others for specific tasks; thus, photons are well suited for transmitting quantum information, weakly interacting spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories, and superconducting elements can rapidly process information encoded in their quantum states. A central goal of the envisaged quantum technologies is to develop devices that can simultaneously perform several of these tasks, namely, reliably store, process, and transmit quantum information. Hybrid quantum systems composed of different physical components with complementary functionalities may provide precisely such multitasking capabilities. This article reviews some of the driving theoretical ideas and first experimental realizations of hybrid quantum systems and the opportunities and challenges they present and offers a glance at the near- and long-term perspectives of this fascinating and rapidly expanding field.

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Bendjaballah, C., and M. Charbit. "Quantum communication with coherent states." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 35, no. 5 (1989): 1114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.42232.

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Orzhelskyi, Igor, Andrey Kuznetsov, and Elena van Dijk. "Quantum phenomena in biological systems." MOJ Biology and Medicine 5, no. 1 (2020): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2020.05.00118.

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The functioning of a biological systems, maintaining the dynamic stability of its homeostasis, is provided by regulatory systems. Traditionally, such systems include the nervous and humoral systems of regulation. The third regulatory system of the body, which provides communication in the body, distance interactions according to the "informational" principle, is not considered. For this reason, the understanding of the law of nature – “substance-energy-information”, uniting the foundations of any matter, is very limited in biology. This article provides a summary of the basic rules and principles of the interaction of Matter, Energy and Information from a quantum perspective.

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Bouchard, Frédéric, Felix Hufnagel, Dominik Koutný, Aazad Abbas, Alicia Sit, Khabat Heshami, Robert Fickler, and Ebrahim Karimi. "Quantum process tomography of a high-dimensional quantum communication channel." Quantum 3 (May 6, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-05-06-138.

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The characterization of quantum processes, e.g. communication channels, is an essential ingredient for establishing quantum information systems. For quantum key distribution protocols, the amount of overall noise in the channel determines the rate at which secret bits are distributed between authorized partners. In particular, tomographic protocols allow for the full reconstruction, and thus characterization, of the channel. Here, we perform quantum process tomography of high-dimensional quantum communication channels with dimensions ranging from 2 to 5. We can thus explicitly demonstrate the effect of an eavesdropper performing an optimal cloning attack or an intercept-resend attack during a quantum cryptographic protocol. Moreover, our study shows that quantum process tomography enables a more detailed understanding of the channel conditions compared to a coarse-grained measure, such as quantum bit error rates. This full characterization technique allows us to optimize the performance of quantum key distribution under asymmetric experimental conditions, which is particularly useful when considering high-dimensional encoding schemes.

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Teja, Penumantra Satya Sai, Mounika Lakshmi P, and Vinay Kumar K. "A Secure Communication through Quantum Key Distribution Protocols." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2018.4.3.14.

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Quantum cryptography is a new method of communication offering the security of the inviolability by using Law of Nature.Quantum Cryptography uses different secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the properties of physics of light for information. Quantum cryptography depends only on the validity of quantum theory, i.e., it is guarantied directly by the laws of physics. This is a different from any classical cryptographic techniques. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and provides potential extensions of its feasibility as a mechanism for securing existing communication systems.

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Czerwinski, Artur. "Quantum Communication with Polarization-Encoded Qubits under Majorization Monotone Dynamics." Mathematics 10, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 3932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10213932.

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Quantum communication can be realized by transmitting photons that carry quantum information. Due to decoherence, the information encoded in the quantum state of a single photon can be distorted, which leads to communication errors. In particular, we consider the impact of majorization monotone dynamical maps on the efficiency of quantum communication. The mathematical formalism of majorization is revised with its implications for quantum systems. The discrimination probability for two arbitrary orthogonal states is used as a figure of merit to track the quality of quantum communication in the time domain.

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Tavakoli, Armin, Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro, Erik Woodhead, and Stefano Pironio. "Informationally restricted correlations: a general framework for classical and quantum systems." Quantum 6 (January 5, 2022): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-05-620.

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We introduce new methods and tools to study and characterise classical and quantum correlations emerging from prepare-and-measure experiments with informationally restricted communication. We consider the most general kind of informationally restricted correlations, namely the ones formed when the sender is allowed to prepare statistical mixtures of mixed states, showing that contrary to what happens in Bell nonlocality, mixed states can outperform pure ones. We then leverage these tools to derive device-independent witnesses of the information content of quantum communication, witnesses for different quantum information resources, and demonstrate that these methods can be used to develop a new avenue for semi-device independent random number generators.

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Jaiswal, Ankita, Sushil Kumar, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Pankaj Kumar Kashyap, Eiman Kanjo, Neeraj Kumar, and Houbing Song. "Quantum Learning-Enabled Green Communication for Next-Generation Wireless Systems." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 5, no. 3 (September 2021): 1015–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3067918.

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Li Shen, Ma Hai-Qiang, Wu Ling-An, and Zhai Guang-Jie. "High-speed polarization controller for all-fiber quantum communication systems." Acta Physica Sinica 62, no. 8 (2013): 084214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.62.084214.

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Khawasik, Manal, Wagdy Elsayed, Magdi Rashad, and Ahmed Younes. "A Secured Quantum Two-Bit Commitment Protocol for Communication Systems." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 50218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3173645.

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Jannati, Hoda, and Ebrahim Ardeshir-Larijani. "Detecting relay attacks on RFID communication systems using quantum bits." Quantum Information Processing 15, no. 11 (August 9, 2016): 4759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-016-1418-5.

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Barnett, S. M. "Optical demonstrations of statistical decision theory for quantum systems." Quantum Information and Computation 4, no. 6&7 (December 2004): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic4.6-7-4.

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The work of Holevo and other pioneers of quantum information theory has given us limits on the performance of communication systems. Only recently, however, have we been able to perform laboratory demonstrations approaching the ideal quantum limit. This article presents some of the known limits and bounds together with the results of our experiments based on optical polarisation.

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Jaeger, Gregg, David Simon, and Alexander Sergienko. "Topological Qubits as Carriers of Quantum Information in Optics." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030575.

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Winding number is a topologically significant quantity that has found valuable applications in various areas of mathematical physics. Here, topological qubits are shown capable of formation from winding number superpositions and so of being used in the communication of quantum information in linear optical systems, the most common realm for quantum communication. In particular, it is shown that winding number qubits appear in several aspects of such systems, including quantum electromagnetic states of spin, momentum, orbital angular momentum, polarization of beams of particles propagating in free-space, optical fiber, beam splitters, and optical multiports.

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Weaver, Nik. "Quantum Graphs as Quantum Relations." Journal of Geometric Analysis 31, no. 9 (January 13, 2021): 9090–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12220-020-00578-w.

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AbstractThe “noncommutative graphs” which arise in quantum error correction are a special case of the quantum relations introduced in Weaver (Quantum relations. Mem Am Math Soc 215(v–vi):81–140, 2012). We use this perspective to interpret the Knill–Laflamme error-correction conditions (Knill and Laflamme in Theory of quantum error-correcting codes. Phys Rev A 55:900-911, 1997) in terms of graph-theoretic independence, to give intrinsic characterizations of Stahlke’s noncommutative graph homomorphisms (Stahlke in Quantum zero-error source-channel coding and non-commutative graph theory. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 62:554–577, 2016) and Duan, Severini, and Winter’s noncommutative bipartite graphs (Duan et al., op. cit. in Zero-error communication via quantum channels, noncommutative graphs, and a quantum Lovász number. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 59:1164–1174, 2013), and to realize the noncommutative confusability graph associated to a quantum channel (Duan et al., op. cit. in Zero-error communication via quantum channels, noncommutative graphs, and a quantum Lovász number. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 59:1164–1174, 2013) as the pullback of a diagonal relation. Our framework includes as special cases not only purely classical and purely quantum information theory, but also the “mixed” setting which arises in quantum systems obeying superselection rules. Thus we are able to define noncommutative confusability graphs, give error correction conditions, and so on, for such systems. This could have practical value, as superselection constraints on information encoding can be physically realistic.

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Jervase, Joseph A., and Hadj Bourdoucen. "Design of Ultra Fast RCE Photodetectors for Optical Communications systems." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss1pp101-107.

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Two key parameters for RCE photodetectors that govern their suitability for ultrafast optical communication systems are considered. These are the quantum efficiency and the bandwidth efficiency product. A closed analytical form has been derived for quantum efficiency, which incorporates the structural parameters of the photodetector. Based on the simulation results, an optimization and design procedure for these photodetectors has been developed.

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BEKENSTEIN, JACOB D., and MARCELO SCHIFFER. "QUANTUM LIMITATIONS ON THE STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 01, no. 04 (December 1990): 355–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183190000207.

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Information must take up space, must weigh, and its flux must be limited. Quantum limits on communication and information storage leading to these conclusions are described here. Quantum channel capacity theory is reviewed for both steady state and burst communication. An analytic approximation is given for the maximum signal information possible with occupation number signal states as a function of mean signal energy. A theorem guaranteeing that these states are optimal for communication is proved. A heuristic "proof" of the linear bound on communication is given, followed by rigorous proofs for signals with specified mean energy, and for signals with given energy budget. And systems of many parallel quantum channels are shown to obey the linear bound for a natural channel architecture. The time-energy uncertainty principle is reformulated in information language by means of the linear bound. The quantum bound on information storage capacity of quantum mechanical and quantum field devices is reviewed. A simplified version of the analytic proof for the bound is given for the latter case. Solitons as information caches are discussed, as is information storage in one-dimensional systems. The influence of signal self-gravitation on communication is considered. Finally, it is shown that acceleration of a receiver acts to block information transfer.

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Thew, R., A. Acin, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin. "Experimental realization of entangled qutrits for quantum communication." Quantum Information and Computation 4, no. 2 (March 2004): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic4.2-1.

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We have experimentally realized a technique to generate, control and measure entangled qutrits, 3-dimensional quantum systems. This scheme uses spontaneous parametric down converted photons and unbalanced 3-arm fiber optic interferometers in a scheme analogous to the Franson interferometric arrangement for qubits. The results reveal a source capable of generating maximally entangled states with a net state fidelity, F = 0.985 $\pm$ 0.018. Further the control over the system reveals a high, net, 2-photon interference fringe visibility, V = 0.919 $\pm$ 0.026. This has all been done at telecom wavelengths thus facilitating the advancement towards long distance higher dimensional quantum communication.

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Dănilă, Octavian, Paul E. Sterian, and Andreea Rodica Sterian. "Perspectives on Entangled Nuclear Particle Pairs Generation and Manipulation in Quantum Communication and Cryptography Systems." Advances in High Energy Physics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/801982.

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Entanglement between two quantum elements is a phenomenon which presents a broad application spectrum, being used largely in quantum cryptography schemes and in physical characterisation of the universe. Commonly known entangled states have been obtained with photons and electrons, but other quantum elements such as quarks, leptons, and neutrinos have shown their informational potential. In this paper, we present the perspective of exploiting the phenomenon of entanglement that appears in nuclear particle interactions as a resource for quantum key distribution protocols.

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MIRONOV, YURI B., SERGEY Yu KAZANTSEV, ROMAN A. SHAKHOVOY, OLEG V. KOLESNIKOV, LIUBOV S. MASHKOVTSEVA, ALEXANDER I. ZAITCEV, and ALEXANDER V. KOROBOV. "ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHOTON SOURCES WITH QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." H&ES Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2021-13-6-22-33.

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Introduction: The analysis of the main directions of research in the field of creating sources of single photons for communication systems with quantum key distribution is carried out. Scientometric analysis based on Scopus database is used to identify the most promising areas and predict the trends in the field of single photon sources. Methods of single photon sources development and their applications in commercial communication systems with quantum key distribution is shown. At the time single photons sources based on quantum dots are the most developed and presented on the market. However, color centers in nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes are intensively studied. The prospects of creating compact and easy-to-use sources of single photons on telecommunication wavelengths is analyzed. There are many ways of realization of single photon sources design. Significant funding in China and Germany leads to notable growth of the technology. It was detected the main journals, author groups and organizations working in direction of single photon sources. Methods and Results: The research field of communication systems using sources of single photons is growing. It is available single photon sources on quantum dots and crystals. Applying of carbon nanotubes is promising for this problem according to some famous authors. It is revealed significant overlap of the research areas: single photon sources, quantum random number generators and quantum key distribution. At the time fundamental studies are implemented in technical devices with high potential for commercial applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quantum communication systems'

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