Academic literature on the topic 'Quantitative outcome measures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Miller, Harold L. "Quantitative analyses of student outcome measures." International Journal of Educational Research 27, no. 2 (January 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-0355(97)90028-8.
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Jacobson, Gary P. "Quantitative Measures of Dynamic Head Movements As Outcome Measures for Vestibular Rehabilitation." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 01 (January 2018): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.29.1.1.
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Zimmerman, Kathleen N., James E. Pustejovsky, Jennifer R. Ledford, Erin E. Barton, Katherine E. Severini, and Blair P. Lloyd. "Single-case synthesis tools II: Comparing quantitative outcome measures." Research in Developmental Disabilities 79 (August 2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.001.
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Welch, Jan. "Measures and meanings: outcome measures in the management of sexually transmitted infections." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971919200.
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Summary: Applicable outcome measures in genitourinary medicine (GUM) include compliance with clinical standards of care, symptom control, cure rates of infections, decreased incidence of infections, lack of complications, increase in patients' knowledge or satisfaction, and number of partners treated. Measuring these may be easy in the short-term but result in information of limited usefulness. Longer-term outcomes may be more meaningful, but harder-or impossible-to obtain. Some outcome measures are affected by case mix, so differences between patients may be as much as or more relevant than the care received. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of patient satisfaction are straightforward to obtain and essential in examining care delivery, but may be unrelated to desired clinical outcomes for individuals or populations. Compliance with clinical standards is easy to measure, relatively independent of case mix, and useful if standards are evidence-based and validated. The role and applicability of outcome measures are discussed.
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Coult, Jason, Lawrence Sherman, Heemun Kwok, Jennifer Blackwood, Peter J. Kudenchuk, and Thomas D. Rea. "Short ECG segments predict defibrillation outcome using quantitative waveform measures." Resuscitation 109 (December 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.09.020.
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Magallanes, Christian David. "Short ECG Segments Predict Defibrillation Outcome Using Quantitative Waveform Measures." Journal of Emergency Medicine 52, no. 2 (February 2017): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.12.028.
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Niemann, James T. "Quantitative measures of the ventricular fibrillation waveform and resuscitation outcome*." Critical Care Medicine 38, no. 12 (December 2010): 2416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181fd6724.
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Field, John, and Greg Ruthenbeck. "Qualitative and Quantitative Radiological Measures of Fracture Healing." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 01 (2018): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-17-03-0042.
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The formulation of appropriate postoperative strategies, following fracture repair, currently involves an understanding of radiological and clinical outcome measures. This study has evaluated several modalities used to assess the progression of bone healing in a sheep tibial segmental defect model. Measures of defect optical density and volumetric data including bone density (BD), bone volume (BV) and bone mass (BM) were compared with qualitative data involving visual appraisal of radiographs [% bridging callus and modified radiographic union score tibia (mRUST)] and a clinical outcome measure (locomotory function). Percent bridging callus and mRUST measures displayed strong correlation (r = 0.999), while locomotory function was weakly correlated with bridging callus (r = 0.029) and mRUST (r = 0.046). There was moderate to strong correlation between the qualitative and quantitative data. Bone density, BV and BM showed strong correlations within this dataset (BD–BV, r = 0.814; BD–BM, r = 0.818; BV–BM, r = 1.000). Likewise, optical density measures were strongly correlated with BD (r = 0.824), BV (r = 0.957) and BM (r = 0.959). The utilization of both qualitative and quantitative data, in assessment of the progression of fracture healing, has provided valuable insight. Measures of optical density have been shown to make a substantial contribution to this assessment and which should be considered for use in studies evaluating fracture healing.
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Murphy, Ralph N. A., Heba Elsayed, Sahiba Singh, Jo Dumville, Jason K. F. Wong, and Adam J. Reid. "A Quantitative Systematic Review of Clinical Outcome Measure Use in Peripheral Nerve Injury of the Upper Limb." Neurosurgery 89, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab060.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is common, leading to reduced function, pain, and psychological impact. Treatment has not progressed partly due to inability to compare outcomes between centers managing PNI. Numerous outcome measures exist but there is no consensus on which outcome measures to use nor when. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review in order to describe and classify outcome measures used in PNI. METHODS A search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Clinical Trials) was conducted. Randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-controlled and case series (≥5 participants) published from inception of the database until 2019 investigating adult patients with a traumatic upper limb PNI in which an outcome measurement was utilized were included. RESULTS A total of 96 studies were included (15 RCTs, 8 case-control studies, 18 cohort studies, 5 observational studies, and the remainder were case series or retrospective reviews). A total of 56 individual outcome measures were identified, utilized across 28 different countries and 7097 patients. Ten core domains were defined: sensory subjective, sensory objective, motor subjective, motor objective, sensorimotor function, psychology and well-being, disability, quality of life, pain and discomfort, and neurotrophic measures. CONCLUSION Lack of consensus on outcome measure use hinders comparison of outcomes between nerve injury centers and the development of novel treatments. Development of a core outcome set will help standardize outcome reporting, improve translation of novel treatments from lab to clinical practice, and ensure future research in PNI is more amenable to systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Keyes, Carly, and Jasmine Elder-Vass. "Young people’s experiences of outcome measures in a CAMHS clinic." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 310 (October 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2018.1.310.18.
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This evaluation explored the experiences of service users of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) of using routine outcome measures (ROMS). Qualitative and quantitative results are presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Song, Rachel B. "Utility and repeatability of quantitative outcome measures to assess recovery after canine spinal cord injury." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429298773.
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Granville, Sian Rachel. "A qualitative inquiry of clinicians' relational experiences within a perinatal infant mental health service contextualised with quantitative analysis of outcome measures." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18665/.
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Literature highlights the perinatal period as a time of increased risk for mothers and infants, particularly those who have additional psychological and social risk factors. Enquiry reports underscore poor outcomes and service engagement for mothers from marginalized social contexts wherein relationships with services can be characterized by avoidance, distrust and silencing. Nuanced understandings of these relational processes are lacking and important to explore in the context of research supporting the therapist-parent relationship as a mechanism of therapeutic change. Within a Perinatal Infant Mental Health Service (PIMHS), this research aimed to explore clinicians’ relational experiences with the mothers and infants they work with, and their reflections on therapeutic change, and contextualize this with analysis of quantitative outcomes for mothers and infants engaged in PIMHS interventions. A qualitative inquiry using semi-structured interviews was undertaken with ten clinician participants and analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Quantitative analysis using Reliable and Clinically Significant Change calculations was conducted for six parent-infant dyads using pre and post-intervention scores on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) and Mother Object Relationship Scale-Short Form (MORS-SF), alongside descriptive changes according to the Meaning of the Child Interview and safeguarding statuses. TA produced five main themes; ‘the overbearing wider context’, ‘professional positioning’, ‘dyadic/triadic relating’, ‘the self in the work’, and ‘connecting and expanding understanding’. Results highlight the multifaceted nature of experiences of clinicians working within the PIMHS through which wider contextual, inter-professional, dyadic/triadic, and intra-professional factors impact upon the work. Quantitative analyses of outcomes indicated a mixed profile of the extent that parents appeared to benefit from the PIMHS and demonstrated little consistency of change across measures. The discussion raises questions regarding how to measure the impact of the work, and the centrality of inter-disciplinary shared understanding in supporting families. Clinical and research implications are presented in the context of the findings and methodological limitations.
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Morrow, J. M. "Development of quantitative MRI as an outcome measure in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and inclusion body myositis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546503/.
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Lack of sensitive outcome measures is a major obstacle to clinical trials in many neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Lower limb muscle MRI allows non-invasive visualisation of acute and chronic pathology in NMD. This thesis aims to assess the reliability, validity and responsiveness of quantitative MRI in chronic neuromuscular diseases. A comprehensive quantitative MRI protocol of lower limb muscles was developed including T1, T2, fat fraction and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) measurements. The protocol was assessed for reliability and sensitivity to physiological variation in 47 healthy volunteers with 15 rescanned at a two week interval. This protocol was then performed together with detailed clinical assessments and isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in 20 patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM), 20 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and matched health volunteers twice at a 12 month interval. In the healthy volunteers, the inter-scan and inter-observer reliability was high (ICC 0.62-0.99) despite small observed physiological variation between subjects. Fat fraction, T2 and MTR showed significant correlations with subject age in thigh and calf muscles and with subject weight in thigh muscles whereas gender did not influence quantitative parameters. Cross-sectional analysis showed strong correlations with both muscle strength and clinical severity measures demonstrating validity of MRI measurements as outcome measures. Longitudinal assessment demonstrated excellent sensitivity to change of MRI measures; in particular muscle fat fraction quantification exceeded that of myometry and clinical measurements with standardised response mean (SRM) over 12 months of 1.1 in IBM and 0.8 in CMT indicating a high level of responsiveness. Annual change in fat fraction could be predicted based on baseline MRI measurements, providing the opportunity to improve SRM further. This thesis demonstrates the reliability, validity and responsiveness of quantitative MRI as an outcome measure providing a comprehensive practical protocol for clinical trials in NMD.
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Weir, Jade R. "Looking for Quantitative and Qualitative Measures of Teaching Interactions: A Preliminary Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505214/.
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Indicators of quality early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) include comprehensive interventions, adequately trained staff, high rates of effective instruction delivery, happy interactions between children and their teachers, and socially valid outcomes. When these are in place, high quality EIBI is more likely to increase progress that children with autism make during treatment. When not in place, progress is not as likely, as rapid, or as meaningful. To date, there is limited research regarding the correlation between these indicators of high-quality EIBI and the degree to which their effects are meaningful to direct consumers. The purpose of this methodological study was to compare direct, quantitative measures of teaching interactions (child initiations, teacher initiations, child affect, teacher affect) with qualitative measures (stakeholder ratings of teacher effectiveness, amount of opportunities for interaction and interest in the child) of teaching interactions to determine what sets the occasion for expert stakeholders to describe a teaching interaction as effective, quality therapy.
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Swart, Tania. "The outcomes of bilateral cochlear implants in adult recipients." Diss., Pretoria : [s. n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302009-221632/.
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Beani, Elena. "Quantitative measures of spontaneous and intervention-induced perceptual-motor development in children with neurodevelopmental disorders." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1129166.
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Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a group of clinical heterogeneous conditions with onset in the developmental period and Cerebral Palsy is one of the most common ones. Early diagnosis is crucial for make an early intervention possible and incisive. This, together with progresses in medicine and evidence-based paradigm highlighted the importance of the standardization of measures, both for assessment and rehabilitative purposes. In clinical practice, both for research and clinical aims, there is an increasing interest in finding standardized outcome measures. In parallel, improvements in engineering provide more devices able to extract quantitative data from measurement.
Starting from the needs, new technological outcome measures have been designed and validated.
This thesis shows the application of technology in two main fields, that are quantitative assessment and rehabilitative proposal for infants and children.
The first part is focused on infant eye and head movements, presenting the design, the development and preliminary testing of a new system for measuring infant’s gaze in the wide visual field, which demonstrates its possible applicability to young infants, providing quantitative data which can enrich the clinical assessment.
The second part is focused on infants with neurodevelopmental disorder and presented CareToy H, that is a biomechatronic gym aimed to measure and promote infants’ development. This modular system has been used for home rehabilitation of infants at risk for developing a cerebral palsy and its components (in particular ,toys) was designed and empirically evaluated as a non-invasive tool capable of monitoring infants’ manipulation capabilities in a quantitative way directly at home by means of a simple and easy to use setup.
A RCT study on the effects of a home-based early intervention with the CareToy system has been conducted and a total of 41 preterm infants participated to this study, confirming that CareToy system can provide effective home-based early intervention.
Then, a pilot study with a small population of infants with Down Syndrome open the possibility to include also this population in future projects with this system.
The third part of this thesis is focused on quantitative assessment of upper limb use in children with typical development and with neurodevelopmental disorders by inertial sensors. In details, a systematic review introduces the use of sensors for the assessment of upper limb. Moreover, the validation of Actigraphs (wereable inertial sensors) have been conducted in 50 children with unilateral cerebral palsy and 50 healthy peers or detecting asymmetries in the use of upper limbs.
Finally, an innovative approach is presented, that is Action Observation Therapy, based on Mirror Neurons System, which is combined with technology in an RCT currently ongoing from which a pilot study is presented. In these studies, the Tele-UPCAT system (a platform for the observation of videos and a kit of object for replicate actions) is used and preliminary data are very promising and confirm findings of previous literature.
This thesis aims to highlight the increasing need of quantitative tools for assessment and rehabilitative purposes, demonstrating that the union between medicine and engineering could overcome the lack of standardized measure.
We are just entered in the period of change in this sense, and there's a long road ahead, but this work aims to represent a milestone for the quantitative measures of spontaneous and intervention-induced perceptual-motor development in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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"Evaluation of Five Effect Size Measures of Measurement Non-Invariance for Continuous Outcomes." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53458.
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abstract: To make meaningful comparisons on a construct of interest across groups or over time, measurement invariance needs to exist for at least a subset of the observed variables that define the construct. Often, chi-square difference tests are used to test for measurement invariance. However, these statistics are affected by sample size such that larger sample sizes are associated with a greater prevalence of significant tests. Thus, using other measures of non-invariance to aid in the decision process would be beneficial. For this dissertation project, I proposed four new effect size measures of measurement non-invariance and analyzed a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate their properties and behavior in addition to the properties and behavior of an already existing effect size measure of non-invariance. The effect size measures were evaluated based on bias, variability, and consistency. Additionally, the factors that affected the value of the effect size measures were analyzed. All studied effect sizes were consistent, but three were biased under certain conditions. Further work is needed to establish benchmarks for the unbiased effect sizes.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2019
Books on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Alex, Mathieson, and Oldham Jacqueline, eds. Outcome measures in quantitative research. Nursing Standard, 1995.
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Uysal, Suzan, and Stephan A. Mayer. Neurological and Functional Outcomes Assessment. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0006.
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The evidence base for neuroprotection in critical care and perioperative medicine rests on outcomes research, a critical component of which is the quantitative assessment of the functional effects of neurological injury. Outcomes assessment is conceptualized hierarchically in terms of global outcome, impairment, disability, handicap, and health-related quality of life. This chapter describes the different classes of outcome measures and the instruments within each class that are most commonly used in clinical neuroprotection research. Desirable characteristics of outcome measures are described, as well as considerations for statistical analysis of ordinal scale data. The authors describe several resources for clinicians and clinical researchers to aid in choosing or evaluating outcome measures for clinical neuroprotection trials.
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Butow, Phyllis N. Issues in coding cancer consultations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0064.
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It is now well accepted that communication between the health professional and the patient is a critical component of quality patient care, and that poor communication can adversely affect both patient and health professional outcomes. However, audits of doctor and nurse communication with patients have consistently revealed deficits, prompting the growth of communication skills training for both junior and senior clinicians, and the publication of communication guidelines for various challenging situations. Interaction analysis systems (IAS) enable the analysis of communication between the doctor, patient, family, and other health professionals in a qualitative and quantitative fashion. They are used as descriptive and outcome measures in research into medical communication, as well as to provide feedback to individual clinicians on their behaviour. Two types of IAS can be identified: ‘content’ systems, which describe task-oriented behaviour; and ‘process’ systems, which measure socio-emotional behaviour. This chapter describes and compares a variety of IAS.
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Hillmer, Ansel T., Kelly P. Cosgrove, and Richard E. Carson. PET Brain Imaging Methodologies. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0009.
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While quantitative and pharmacologically specific aspects distinguish molecular imaging, they also impose the need for considerable expertise to design, conduct, and analyze molecular imaging studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging provides a powerful noninvasive tool for quantitative and pharmacologically specific clinical research. This chapter describes basic methodological considerations for PET brain imaging studies. First the physiological interpretation of the most common outcome measures of binding potential (BPND) and volume of distribution (VT) are described. Next, aspects of acquisition of PET imaging data and blood measurements for analysis are discussed, followed by a summary of standard data analysis techniques. Finally, various applications for the study of mental illness, including group differences, measurements of drug occupancy, and assay of acute neurotransmitter release are discussed.
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Meier, Benjamin Mason, Ryan Cronk, Jeanne Luh, Jamie Bartram, and Catarina de Albuquerque. Monitoring the Progressive Realization of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.21.
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The human rights to water and sanitation have developed dramatically under international human rights law over the past forty years, with international political declarations leading to specific state obligations. Yet despite this evolution of human rights under international law, there are few mechanisms to monitor the progressive realization of those rights in national practice. The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) Performance Index employs frontier analysis to monitor human rights to water and sanitation, across countries and over time. Tracking rates of change in water and sanitation coverage, the WaSH Performance Index allows for measurements of the progressive realization of human rights, publishing quantitative indicators reflective of the human rights to water and sanitation. Such external monitoring of outcome measures, correlating national implementation efforts with water and sanitation coverage data, provides a basis for future research and advocacy to facilitate rights-based accountability for water and sanitation policy.
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Horne, Cynthia M. Building Trust and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793328.001.0001.
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Did transitional justice support the processes of political and social trust building and facilitate democratization in the post-communist transitions in Central and Eastern Europe? More specifically, how did the structure and implementation of transitional justice affect outcomes? This book examines the conditions under which lustration and related transitional justice measures affected political and social trust building and democratization across twelve countries in Central and Eastern Europe and parts of the Former Soviet Union between 1989 and 2012. Contrary to blanket claims about the benefits or problems with the use of lustration and public disclosure measures, I argue that these transitional justice measures had a differentiated impact on political and social trust building, supporting some aspects of political trust while undermining other aspects of social trust. Using an original transitional justice typology, this book combines quantitative analyses of twelve post-communist countries and comparative case studies of four transitional justice programs—Hungary’s, Romania’s, Poland’s, and Bulgaria’s—to explicate transitional justice and trust-building dynamics. The book shows that the impact of transitional justice measures was conditional on their structure, scope, timing, and implementation, with particular attention to regime complicity challenges, historical memory issues, and communist legacies. More expansive and compulsory institutional change mechanisms registered the largest effects, with more limited and non-compulsoryemployment change mechanisms having a diminished effect, and more informal and largely symbolic measures having the most attenuated effect. These differentiated and conditional effects were also evident with respect to transition goals like supporting democratic consolidation, improving government effectiveness, and reducing corruption.
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Hood, Christopher, and Rozana Himaz. UK Fiscal Squeezes over a Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779612.003.0002.
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This chapter draws on historical statistics reporting financial outcomes for spending, taxation, debt, and deficit for the UK over a century to (a) identify quantitatively and compare the main fiscal squeeze episodes (i.e. major revenue increases, spending cuts, or both) in terms of type (soft squeezes and hard squeezes, spending squeezes, and revenue squeezes), depth, and length; (b) compare these periods of austerity against measures of fiscal consolidation in terms of deficit reduction; and (c) identify economic and financial conditions before and after the various squeezes. It explores the extent to which the identification of squeeze episodes and their classification is sensitive to which thresholds are set and what data sources are used. The chapter identifies major changes over time that emerge from this analysis over the changing depth and types of squeeze.
Book chapters on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Duncan, Charlie, and Barry McInnes. "Doing Quantitative Research with Outcome Measures." In Enjoying Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55127-8_11.
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Stenner, A. Jackson, William P. Fisher, Mark H. Stone, and Donald Burdick. "Causal Rasch Models." In Explanatory Models, Unit Standards, and Personalized Learning in Educational Measurement, 223–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3747-7_18.
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AbstractRasch’s unidimensional models for measurement show how to connect object measures (e.g., reader abilities), measurement mechanisms (e.g., machine-generated cloze reading items), and observational outcomes (e.g., counts correct on reading instruments). Substantive theory shows what interventions or manipulations to the measurement mechanism can be traded off against a change to the object measure to hold the observed outcome constant. A Rasch model integrated with a substantive theory dictates the form and substance of permissible interventions. Rasch analysis, absent construct theory and an associated specification equation, is a black box in which understanding may be more illusory than not. Finally, the quantitative hypothesis can be tested by comparing theory-based trade-off relations with observed trade-off relations. Only quantitative variables (as measured) support such trade-offs. Note that to test the quantitative hypothesis requires more than manipulation of the algebraic equivalencies in the Rasch model or descriptively fitting data to the model. A causal Rasch model involves experimental intervention/manipulation on either reader ability or text complexity or a conjoint intervention on both simultaneously to yield a successful prediction of the resultant observed outcome (count correct). We conjecture that when this type of manipulation is introduced for individual reader text encounters and model predictions are consistent with observations, the quantitative hypothesis is sustained.
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Moortgat, Peter, Mieke Anthonissen, Ulrike Van Daele, Jill Meirte, Tine Vanhullebusch, and Koen Maertens. "Objective Assessment Techniques: Physiological Parameters in Scar Assessment." In Textbook on Scar Management, 159–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_18.
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AbstractIn order to assess new and often costly treatments, the need for objective scar measurement tools has become increasingly important. A combination of subjective and objective measures should be the aim of every researcher. Quantitative assessment of scars requires devices to measure their physical and physiological properties. Physiological scar parameters are scar characteristics relevant to pathological scarring which cannot be seen with the bare eye. This also means that they can only be assessed with objective assessment tools.Skin hydration is defined as the water content of the epidermis and the dermis, and the ability of the skin to retain water is important to avoid dry appearance of the skin and prolonged inflammation in scarring. Many approaches exist to measure skin water content. One single method is often not enough to capture all the relevant information. Trans-epidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content, and dermal water content are equally important and related to each other.Scar maturation has been related to transcutaneous oxygen tension, and it is hypothesized that low levels of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in evolving scars result from low oxygen diffusibility through scar tissue.Tactile sensitivity of the skin can be measured by esthesiometers. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test is found to be a feasible and reliable outcome measure to evaluate touch perception threshold in older upper extremities burn scars.
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Forchuk, Cheryl, Abraham Rudnick, Deborah Corring, Daniel Lizotte, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Richard Booth, Barbara Frampton, Rupinder Mann, and Jonathan Serrato. "Smart Technology in the Home for People Living in the Community with Mental Illness and Physical Comorbidities." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 86–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09593-1_7.
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AbstractThis study evaluated a smart technology intervention in the home as a support for individuals with severe mental illness. This study recruited 13 participants in a variety of community-based homes. Participants were offered a smartphone, a touchscreen monitor and health devices such as smartwatches, weigh-scales, and automated medication dispensers. Data was exported to the Lawson Integrated DataBase for care providers to monitor/track. Interviews with participants and focus groups with participants and care providers were conducted at baseline, 6-months and 12-months, and survey instruments were used to collect quantitative data about different dimensions of health and social determinants. Descriptive statistics from these outcome measures are presented as the sample size was too small for meaningful statistical inference. Qualitative analyses revealed a high degree of acceptability of the devices and motivation for healthy living, communication and mental health. Health Care Providers also noted improvements to client health. This study proves the feasibility of deploying smart technologies to support individuals with severe mental illness. Future scale-up would further our understanding of their impacts.
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Stevens, Alexander, Johannes De Smedt, and Jari Peeperkorn. "Quantifying Explainability in Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 194–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_15.
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AbstractThe growing interest in applying machine and deep learning algorithms in an Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring (OOPPM) context has recently fuelled a shift to use models from the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) paradigm, a field of study focused on creating explainability techniques on top of AI models in order to legitimize the predictions made. Nonetheless, most classification models are evaluated primarily on a performance level, where XAI requires striking a balance between either simple models (e.g. linear regression) or models using complex inference structures (e.g. neural networks) with post-processing to calculate feature importance. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of predictive models with varying intrinsic complexity are measured based on explainability with model-agnostic quantitative evaluation metrics. To this end, explainability is designed as a symbiosis between interpretability and faithfulness and thereby allowing to compare inherently created explanations (e.g. decision tree rules) with post-hoc explainability techniques (e.g. Shapley values) on top of AI models. Moreover, two improved versions of the logistic regression model capable of capturing non-linear interactions and both inherently generating their own explanations are proposed in the OOPPM context. These models are benchmarked with two common state-of-the-art models with post-hoc explanation techniques in the explainability-performance space.
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Shea, Katherine. "Measuring the Impact of Monitoring: How We Know Transparent Near-Real-Time Data Can Help Save the Forests." In Transformational Change for People and the Planet, 263–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_18.
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AbstractGlobal Forest Watch (GFW) is an online platform that distills satellite imagery into near-real-time forest change information that anyone can access and act on. Like other open-data platforms, GFW is based on the idea that transparent, publicly available data can support the greater good—in this case, reducing deforestation. By its very nature, the use of freely available data can be difficult to track and its impact difficult to measure. This chapter explores four approaches for measuring the reach and impact of GFW, including quantitative and qualitative approaches for monitoring outcomes and measuring impact. The recommendations can be applied to other transparency initiatives, especially those providing remote-sensing data.
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Mengolini, Anna, and Marcelo Masera. "EU Energy Policy: A Socio-Energy Perspective for an Inclusive Energy Transition." In Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition, 141–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74586-8_7.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the evolution of EU energy policy, examining how concepts of inclusiveness and justice in energy have been progressively included in relevant energy policy documents. It discusses how EU energy policy has evolved to acknowledge the importance of the individual as well as the collective dimension of energy for an inclusive green transition. Recognizing the challenges linked to the translation of these concepts into concrete actions, the chapter elaborates a socio-energy system approach that can help in making visible important aspects of the energy transition that would go unrecognized in other analytical approaches that focus mainly on the technological side. There is an increasing awareness that the European Green Deal and other political initiatives for a sustainable future require not only technological change but also careful attention to the social implications of the transition. The chapter applies the proposed approach to smart metering technologies, discussing how the technology-centric view of the energy system is framed around the average consumer or early-adopter, leaving vulnerable groups and those living in energy poverty underrepresented. A socio-energy approach also challenges the predominant use of purely quantitative results such as energy or cost savings to evaluate the successfulness of initiatives tackling inclusiveness and fairness (e.g. energy poverty). Social outcomes of energy policy choices and technology arrangements need to be better investigated and accompanied by innovative ways to measure their success. The proposed socio-energy approach offers a way of including wider societal implications of the energy transition in the design of energy policies and in their implementation.
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Rodin, Gary, and Sarah Hales. "Measuring Process and Outcome in CALM." In Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully, edited by Gary Rodin and Sarah Hales, 111–22. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190236427.003.0011.
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This chapter considers the qualitative and quantitative evidence base for Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) and the role of relevant, validated measures in substantiating its effectiveness and informing its clinical practice. The early qualitative evidence for the benefit of CALM is reviewed and the challenges inherent in generating meaningful quantitative results in an advanced cancer population are described. An important component of the early work on CALM included the development and validation of measures to assess relevant outcomes in this population. This resulted in development of new measures of distress related to death and dying and of perceived clinical benefit from CALM, and of modified measures for attachment security, quality of life, and treatment integrity. The results of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrating the effectiveness of CALM are presented and the unique value of measures of treatment process and treatment integrity are described. Finally, the clinical utility of outcome and process measures in terms of guiding CALM therapy is considered.
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Hoopes, Hunter, and Mayank Gupta. "Outcome measures and outcomes of peripheral nerve stimulation of the sacroiliac joint." In Sacroiliac Joint Pain, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed and Dawood Sayed, 147–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197607947.003.0014.
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This chapter focuses on the most commonly used questionnaires and pain assessment scales that are used both clinically and in the research setting, and it compares and contrasts their validity and accuracy. Reliable outcome measures are essential to translate the complex perception of pain into measurable data. Several questionnaires and grading scales have been developed, each with their own inherent advantages and disadvantages. In addition to quantitative measures of pain, this chapter explores what other qualitative measures are useful to understand a patient’s perception of pain, their functional ability, and even potential adverse outcomes. Finally, this chapter demonstrates how some of these measures have already been used in the literature specifically in the context of peripheral nerve stimulation of the sacroiliac joint.
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Chen, Zhehuan, Yilu Fang, Hao Liu, and Chunhua Weng. "Data-Driven Modeling of Randomized Controlled Trial Outcomes." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220481.
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Anecdotally, 38.5% of clinical outcome descriptions in randomized controlled trial publications contain complex text. Existing terminologies are insufficient to standardize outcomes and their measures, temporal attributes, quantitative metrics, and other attributes. In this study, we analyzed the semantic patterns in the outcome text in a sample of COVID-19 trials and presented a data-driven method for modeling outcomes. We conclude that a data-driven knowledge representation can benefit natural language processing of outcome text from published clinical studies.
Conference papers on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Storch, K., R. Fernández-Torrón, MK James, AG Mayhew, J. Díaz-Manera, AM Blamire, PG Pierre, et al. "Longitudinal upper limb muscle MRI in dysferlinopathy: examining the relationship between semi quantitative MRI and physiotherapy outcome measures." In 24. Kongress des Medizinisch-Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke (DGM) e.V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685094.
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Carey, Stephanie L., Kevin Hufford, Amanda Martori, Mario Simoes, Francy Sinatra, and Rajiv V. Dubey. "Development of a Wearable Motion Analysis System for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80534.
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Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) stem from a number of causes such as illnesses, strokes, accidents or battlefield traumas. These injuries can cause issues with everyday tasks, such as gait, and are linked with vestibular dysfunction [1]. Current technology that measures gait parameters often requires time consuming set up and post processing and is limited to the laboratory setting. The purpose of this study was to develop a wearable motion analysis system (WMAS) using five commercially available inertial measurement units (IMU) working in unison to record and output four gait parameters in a clinically relevant way. The WMAS has the potential to be used to 1) help diagnose mTBI or other neurocognitive disorders; 2) provide feedback to a clinician during a training session; 3) collect gait parameter data outside of the laboratory setting to determine rehabilitation progress; 4) provide quantitative outcome measures for rehabilitation efficacy.
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Molelputhenpura, Kuriakose Mathew, Manur Ajith Shenoy, T. S. Subramanian, and Ibrahim Al Awadhi. "Changes in Blast Scenarios Due to Plant Expansions – Impact on Buildings." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210856-ms.
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Abstract Plant buildings that housing critical equipment and/or manned are generally sited at safe distances from potential explosion sources of process facilities or designed considering anticipated blast pressures during initial construction. However, addition of new process facilities during plant expansion generates new potential explosion sources, blast overpressure range of which exposes some existing facilities to new risk. This paper discusses the approaches followed to assess risks and mitigation measures employed to ensure safety of occupants and integrity of assets. Quantitative Risk Assessment forms the basis for blast considerations on buildings, wherein potential Vapor Cloud Explosion scenarios are identified, and blast overpressure are quantified in the form of contours on plot. Buildings located within blast contours are identified for blast-resistant design to ensure occupant's safety and facilitate safe shutdown of process units during explosion. Whenever Plant expansion is envisaged, a fresh QRA is carried out with potential explosion scenarios. For the explosion analysis, a detailed computer model of plant is generated to closely simulate the congested vulnerable sites and accurately predict blast overpressure, thus optimizing the impact on existing buildings. Based on outcome of the analysis, existing buildings requiring additional blast protection are recognized. In new set-up, process related buildings such as control rooms, OMS, IES etc. are located closer to process area and non-process buildings are sited away from process area. Buildings are designed to resist normal loads along with/or without estimated blast loads based on its location, occupancy and function. During plant expansions, due to space/operational constraints, some new process facilities get closer to the existing buildings. This imposes increased/additional blast load and causes risks to occupants, equipment and building integrity. Hence a comprehensive assessment needs to be carried out and mitigation measures explored. A study was done to assess the impact of such a scenario in one of the gas plants. The study found that some buildings which were originally designed for normal loads are now being subjected to certain intensity of blast loads. The criticality of the building was assessed considering the occupancy level and functional requirement of buildings. The inherent capability of buildings to withstand these additional loads were also evaluated. Based on the study outcome, different mitigation measures such as reducing occupancy, relocating critical items, retrofitting of structure, etc., were explored and feasible options recommended. Assessment of existing buildings for blast overpressure has gained importance in recent years due to steady expansion of old plants. The paper presents the approach followed in the study for such situations and effective measures that can be taken without compromising the safety of the personnel. These requirements are common for similar expansion projects and can be adopted across the industry.
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Tomic, Aleksandar, and Shahani Kariyawasam. "Critical Review of Risk Criteria for Natural Gas Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64356.
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Risk Assessment is an integral part of an Integrity Management Program (IMP), and it is generally the first step in most IMPs. Risk is of the product of two variables, the likelihood of failure and the consequence of failure, where failure is defined as a loss of containment event. Hence, it is necessary to calculate both variables in order to accurately model risk. To assess risk, criterion need to be established and the actual risk needs to be compared to the criterion in order to determine the acceptability of risk. Currently, most industry risk assessment models are qualitative risk models, where consequence is generally characterized by class, relative population measures, or some other relative measure. While this may be adequate for some relative risk ranking purposes, it is generally not accurate in representing the true consequences and the arbitrary nature leads to overly conservative or overly un-conservative results. Conversely, Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) models take into account the effect of the thermal radiation due to ignited pipeline rupture and evaluate the consequence on the surrounding human population. Such a consequence model is dependent on the pipeline properties (i.e. diameter and MOP) and the structure properties (i.e. precise locations and types of structures). The overall risk is then represented by two specific, well defined measures: Individual Risk (IR) and Societal Risk (SR). The goal of this paper is to perform a critical review of IR and SR acceptability criteria that are widely available and widely used, and outline the criteria (and the approach) adapted by TransCanada Pipelines. Worldwide, there are several different standards that define the criteria for evaluating IR and SR, particularly some countries with higher population densities around pipelines (e.g. UK and Netherlands). These IR and SR criteria have been compared in a hypothetical case study, to determine the most appropriate method in terms of the assumptions for calculating risks, the criteria, and how the actual risks compares to the criteria. The outcome of this study was the adoption of a defendable process for calculating SR, along with the associated criterion.
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Ugolo, Jerry Obaro. "Impact of Public Health on Oil Production Operation Expenditure – Case Study: Covid-19 Era Expenses in Nigeria Oil & Gas Industry." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208229-ms.
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Abstract Oil price is primarily determined by global supply and demand forces as well as governments policies and action or inaction of institutions like OPEC. However, in recent times, it has become evident that public health is a vital factor influencing demand and in turn oil price. In US, oil price reached a negative value for the first time in history by April 2020. Personnel and public health have been shown to have profound effect on operational expenditure (OPEX) of organizations, this in turn affecting the profitability of such organizations. Extra measures involving cost, had to be taken by organizations all over the world to ensure health and safety of their personnel in their sites. In Nigeria, effect of covid-19 measures for companies were, shut in of production, declaration of force majeure on ongoing contracts, slashing of costs, suspension on evaluation of future projects, profile assets for sale, remote/tele working, etc. Huge costs were also incurred as a part of corporate social responsibility for host communities/states where they operate. The consequential outcome is that there are reports of lower than planned profitability and liquidity positions. This paper examines action taken during this covid crisis and their impact on the financial status of their organizations. Using a quantitative and descriptive research design, an online survey has been used to gather information from respondents from different oil and gas companies of cost incurred by them. Secondary data was also obtained from quarterly reports of some companies of the oil majors to show their profitability comparing Q1-Q4 of 2019 and 2020. The paper also appraises action and inaction by corporate/government bodies to stimulate economic growth and help its personnel/citizenry. An attempt is also made to glean experience and lessons from organization that lived through the periods being examined.
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Gullaksen, Joannes. "Simulation Tool for Evaluation of Investment in Sustainable Technology." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79261.
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Abstract Sustainable technology enables valuable use of natural resources and reduced ecological impact, whereas impact management is the ongoing practice of measuring, assessing and improving impacts on sustainability issues. The aims are to achieve the balance between economic, environmental and social impacts through the effective management of resources whilst maximising organisational profitability. A financial evaluation helps an investor to take rational decision about an analyzed investment, whereas an economic analysis broadens this perspective to include effects of the investment imposed on other stakeholders and the environment. Changing technology landscapes, development risks and new opportunities are characterized by a need of innovative financing and investment models in order to adequately assess the uncertainty and risks. Traditional quantitative analysis calculates measures of risk and financial return for hypothetical investments based on some time series for the analysis, that also should account for market dynamics. The shortcomings with this approach could be a single constituent dominate a risk and return profile, where noise is a random variation, including any variation that is not predicted, except in terms of a statistical distribution function. Simulation, however, improves on this by looking at the impact of many variables changing at the same time. The simulation process consists of successively generating random numbers, used to select from the probability distribution of each uncertain input parameter. The process continues repeatedly to obtain a sufficient number of variable values for statistical analysis and a sufficient number of output parameters, where probability curves are used to determine the likelihood of the outcome and create a picture of risk.
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Brennan, Thomas M., James R. Sturdevant, and Darcy M. Bullock. "Applied High Resolution Traffic Controller Data Outcome Based Performance Measures With Gate-Down Confirmation Circuit." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36081.
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Track clearance green phases are used at railroad preempted intersections to provide time to clear the railroad tracks of highway vehicles before a train arrives. This paper describes preemption performance measures developed in Indiana that use high resolution, real-time traffic signal event data, and a gate-down confirmation circuit at an active railroad crossing. These performance measures are used to quantitatively assess the synchronization of the track clearance phase with the railroad gate position. Performance measure plots from over 4,000 preemption events over six months are presented. The lessons learned from the assessment of these performance plots are described along with changes made to the test site during the study period. The paper concludes with recommendations for incorporating a highway-railroad synchronization performance measure using the start of railroad active warning time as a surrogate gate-down confirmation circuit.
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Tzaribachev, N., O. Kubassova, M. Hinton, and M. Boesen. "FRI0580 Quantitative mri of single vs. multiple joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis as predictive measure of clinical outcomes." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6252.
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Barros Castro, Ricardo Abad, and Gabriel Alfonso Suárez Medina. "Pedagogical strategy to promote ethics and profesional responsability in engineering curricula." In Nuevas realidades para la educación en ingeniería: currículo, tecnología, medio ambiente y desarrollo. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2585.
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During several decades, engineering was considered a morally and ethically neutral profession. Therefore, it was assumed that reflections about ethics and moral were not necessary. Consequently, questions have been outlined to include ethics in engineering curricula. These questions have been developed slowly in the last decades with the imperative need of designing an ethical framework to inform technical decisions that engineers make in project management. Associated with this issue, some curricular guidance have been found. The first one is based on the educational framework for curricular design named CDIO (conceive, design, implement, operate). CDIO initiative establishes that in the curriculum should be explicit, the promotion of ethics, social responsibility, integrity, professional behavior, staying current on the world of engineering, a commitment to work embracing equity, diversity, and teamwork. The second guidance refers to the field of accreditation board – ABET. ABET declares that students are expected to know and be able to do some knowledge, skills, and behaviors associated to their progress in the program. In particular, an expected student outcome is related to the ability for recognizing ethical and professional responsibilities in engineering context and make informed judgments considering global, economic, environmental, and societal backgrounds. Previous studies guide the “ought to” mode curricula related to ethics. Literature has acknowledged several challenges to carry out that mode: unsystematic implementation of ethics, the low weight given to this subject in the curriculum, the low familiarity with the theoretical knowledge in ethics, instructors’ difficulties to structure a comprehensive, theoretical and practical framework, among others. Considering this background, the School of Engineering at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) has made curricular reflections for designing a pedagogical strategy focused on ethics and social responsibility. This strategy involves several milestones, such as: shared reflections between the faculty of Engineering and the Center of Teological Formation to design educational activities, a systematic “roadmap” to approach ethics issues in the program, the strengthening of ethics reflections in mandatory disciplinary courses, the inclusion of voluntary workshops to explore and identify values among students, the promotion of ethics and social and professional responsibilities in designing engineering projects, and the proposal of quantitative and qualitative measures to reflect about students’ progress in the field of moral and ethics. In this context, the paper introduces some literature considerations about ethics in engineering education. Then, it presents the conceptual and methodological framework that underlies the pedagogical strategy. After that, the designed strategy is described. Finally, some reflections about the implementation and future work are discussed.
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Daniel, A., G. Abignano, S. Eng, L. Green, P. Emery, and F. Del Galdo. "THU0659 Skin microvascular flow assessed by dynamic optical coherence tomography: first non-invasive quantitative outcome measure of microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.6582.
Full textReports on the topic "Quantitative outcome measures"
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Lykins, Amy, Joey Tognela, Kylie Robinson, Rosie Ryan, and Phillip Tully. The mental health effects of eco-anxiety – a systematic review of quantitative research. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0025.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of the review is to synthesise findings from quantitative studies that investigate ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety in relation to self-reported mental health. Population of interest: The general adult population aged 18 years. Exposure (risk factor): The exposure is defined as the presence of any ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety that is quantified either before, concurrently, or after a mental health symptom (e.g. depression, and/or anxiety - see Outcomes). As ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety are relatively new concepts that lack a standard definition, we will include validated and emerging unvalidated self-report measures of these constructs, as well as closely related constructs; solastalgia, eco- and climate-grief, eco- and climate-guilt, eco- and climate-distress, eco- and climate-despair, eco- and climate-worry. Ineligible exposures are detrimental environmental events (e.g. flood, bushfire, drought) or climatic conditions (e.g. ambient temperatures) or distress related to psychosocial impacts of environmental events (e.g. loss of income or housing due to landslide). Comparator: The general adult population aged 18+ without ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety or related constructs as defined above in Exposure. Outcome: The primary outcomes are mental health symptoms quantified by validated self-report measures of depression, anxiety, stress.
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Sawatzky, Richard, TT Sajobi, L. Russell, OA Awosoga, A. Ademola, JR Böhnke, O. Lawal, et al. A synthesis of response shift effects in quantitative health research: A systematic review and meta-regression protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0033.
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Review question / Objective: The first aim is to descriptively synthesize evidence about response shift results including prevalence and, where possible, distributions of response shift effect sizes, for different subcategories of response shift methods, populations, study designs, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The second aim is to identify response shift methods, population characteristics, design characteristics and PROMs that explain variability in: (a) standardized mean differences (for then-test and latent variable methods) and (b) prevalence of response shifts. Condition being studied: The systematic review included all studies on response shifts in PROMs, irrespective of the condition being studied. The type of health condition that each individual study focused on (if applicable), was extracted as a study-level variable.
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Liu, Miao, Hongan Wang, Jing Lu, Zhiyue Zhu, Chaoqun Song, Ye Tian, Xinzhi Chen, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Myasthenia Gravis A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0129.
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Review question / Objective: The patients should meet the internationally recognized diagnostic criteria for myasthenia gravis and be definitely diagnosed as myasthenia gravis, excluding MG patients caused by congenital, drug and other factors, as well as patients with serious primary diseases, autoimmune diseases or mental diseases. Patients are not restricted by race, region, gender, age, background, course of disease and other factors. We will focus on trials using vitamin D as an intervention at any dose and in any regimen (eg daily/weekly/monthly intake). The control group was routinely given western medicine, including cholinesterase inhibitors, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, alone or in combination, or placebo. The intervention group was treated with vitamin D on the basis of western medicine treatment in the control group. The specific dosage form and dose were not limited, and the shortest course of treatment should be 4 weeks. Main outcome measures: (1) Quantitative score of myasthenia gravis (QMG); (2) Recurrence rate; (3) Effective. Secondary outcome measures: (1) The level of serum acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRab); (2) The levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-10; (3) Clinical absolute score; (4) TCM syndrome score scale; (5) Quality of life score (QOL); (6) Incidence rate of adverse events. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) literatures from the establishment to September 2022 were retrieved and classified.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.
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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Huang, Wei, Dahong Yang, Danyang Fan, Chao Hou, and Wanqian Liu. Prognostic value of net water uptake in acute ischemic stroke: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0077.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this protocol is to present a transparent and clear methodology for performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature aimed to answer the following question: among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion, is net water uptake (NWU), as measured in CT images, associated with (i) cerebrovascular complications, including malignant cerebral edema, secondary intracerebral hemorrhage, and (ii) post-stroke functional outcome as measured by the modified Rankin Scale. Condition being studied: Currently, the association between net water uptake with cerebrovascular complications or post-stroke functional outcomes is not well defined. Broocks found that NWU based on CT was an important marker for malignant edema in LVO patients and independently associated with clinical prognosis. Additionally, Nawabi indicated that a higher degree of NWU was a predictor of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Thus, a higher NWU might contribute to the development of stroke complications and poorer outcomes. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize this evidence and help establish the predictive value of NWU in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.
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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Luan, Sisi, Wenke Cheng, Chenglong Wang, Hongjian Gong, and Jianbo Zhou. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs on cognitive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Little is known regarding the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Here, the study aim to assess the impact of GLP-1 on general cognition function among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) an original article was recently published in English, (2) the population included subjects diagnosed with diabetes at baseline, (3) GLP-1 analogs is a single formulation rather than a fixed dose combination, (4) GLP-1 analogs were compared with no GLP-1 use or placebo or self-control before treatment, (5) the duration of antidiabetic agent use was 12 weeks or more, and (6) it provided quantitative measures of general cognitive function assessed by MMSE or MoCA. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the publication was a review, case report, animal study, or letter to the editor, (2) the study did not clearly define clinical outcomes, (3) the authors could not provide valid data after being contacted, (4) duplicated data.
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Gattenhof, Sandra, Donna Hancox, Sasha Mackay, Kathryn Kelly, Te Oti Rakena, and Gabriela Baron. Valuing the Arts in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Queensland University of Technology, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227800.
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The arts do not exist in vacuum and cannot be valued in abstract ways; their value is how they make people feel, what they can empower people to do and how they interact with place to create legacy. This research presents insights across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand about the value of arts and culture that may be factored into whole of government decision making to enable creative, vibrant, liveable and inclusive communities and nations. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a great deal about our societies, our collective wellbeing, and how urgent the choices we make now are for our futures. There has been a great deal of discussion – formally and informally – about the value of the arts in our lives at this time. Rightly, it has been pointed out that during this profound disruption entertainment has been a lifeline for many, and this argument serves to re-enforce what the public (and governments) already know about audience behaviours and the economic value of the arts and entertainment sectors. Wesley Enoch stated in The Saturday Paper, “[m]etrics for success are already skewing from qualitative to quantitative. In coming years, this will continue unabated, with impact measured by numbers of eyeballs engaged in transitory exposure or mass distraction rather than deep connection, community development and risk” (2020, 7). This disconnect between the impact of arts and culture on individuals and communities, and what is measured, will continue without leadership from the sector that involves more diverse voices and perspectives. In undertaking this research for Australia Council for the Arts and Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture & Heritage, New Zealand, the agreed aims of this research are expressed as: 1. Significantly advance the understanding and approaches to design, development and implementation of assessment frameworks to gauge the value and impact of arts engagement with a focus on redefining evaluative practices to determine wellbeing, public value and social inclusion resulting from arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. 2. Develop comprehensive, contemporary, rigorous new language frameworks to account for a multiplicity of understandings related to the value and impact of arts and culture across diverse communities. 3. Conduct sector analysis around understandings of markers of impact and value of arts engagement to identify success factors for broad government, policy, professional practitioner and community engagement. This research develops innovative conceptual understandings that can be used to assess the value and impact of arts and cultural engagement. The discussion shows how interaction with arts and culture creates, supports and extends factors such as public value, wellbeing, and social inclusion. The intersection of previously published research, and interviews with key informants including artists, peak arts organisations, gallery or museum staff, community cultural development organisations, funders and researchers, illuminates the differing perceptions about public value. The report proffers opportunities to develop a new discourse about what the arts contribute, how the contribution can be described, and what opportunities exist to assist the arts sector to communicate outcomes of arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter, and Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.
Full textAbstract:
In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.