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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Sobieh, Ahmed Mohammed Abdelaal Mohammed [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Klose. "Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography for flow quantification of carotid and intracranial stenosis / Ahmed Mohammed Abdelaal Mohammed Sobieh ; Betreuer: Uwe Klose." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1199615536/34.

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2

Sobieh, Ahmed [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Klose. "Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography for flow quantification of carotid and intracranial stenosis / Ahmed Mohammed Abdelaal Mohammed Sobieh ; Betreuer: Uwe Klose." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1199615536/34.

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3

Bergman, Harris L. "Knowledge-based magnetic resonance angiography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18247.

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4

Saranathan, Manojkumar. "Advances in magnetic resonance coronary angiography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8000.

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5

Vafadar, Bahareh. "Fast methods for Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9332.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly exible and non-invasive medical imaging modality based on the concept of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared to other imaging techniques, major limitation of MRI is the relatively long acquisition time. The slowness of acquisition makes MRI difficult to apply to time-sensitive clinical applications. Acquisition of MRA images with a spatial resolution close to conventional digital subtraction angiography is feasible, but at the expense of reduction in temporal resolution. Parallel MRI employs multiple receiver coils to speed up the MRI acquisition by reducing the number of data points collected. Although, the reconstructed images from undersampled data sets often suffer from different different types of degradation and artifacts. In contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, information is effectively measured in 3D k-space one line at a time therefore the 3D data acquisition extends over several minutes even using parallel receiver coils. This limits the assessment of high ow lesions and some vascular tumors in patients. To improve spatio-temporal resolution in contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), the use of incorporating prior knowledge in the image recovery process is considered in this thesis. There are five contributions in this thesis. The first contribution is the modification of generalized unaliasing using support and sensitivity encoding (GUISE). GUISE was introduced by this group to explore incorporating prior knowledge of the image to be reconstructed in parallel MRI. In order to provide improved time-resolved MRA image sequences of the blood vessels, the GUISE method requires an accurate segmentation of the relatively noisy 3D data set into vessel and background. The method that was originally used for definition of the effective region of support was primitive and produced a segmented image with much false detection because of the effect of overlying structures and the relatively noisy background in images. We proposed to use the statistical principle as employed for the modified maximum intensity projection (MIP) to achieve better 3D segmentation and optimal visualization of blood vessels. In comparison with the previous region of support (ROS), the new one enables higher accelerations MRA reconstructions due to the decreased volume of the ROS and leads to less computationally expensive reconstruction. In the second contribution we demonstrated the impact of imposing the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) basis for the temporal changes, based on prior expectation of the changes in contrast concentration with time. In contrast with other transformation, KLT of the temporal variation showed a better contrast to noise ratio (CNR) can be achieved. By incorporating a data ordering step with compressed sensing (CS), an improvement in image quality for reconstructing parallel MR images was exhibited in prior estimate based compressed sensing (PECS). However, this method required a prior estimate of the image to be available. A singular value decomposition (SVD) modification of PECS algorithm (SPECS) to explore ways of utilising the data ordering step without requiring a prior estimate was extended as the third contribution. By employing singular value decomposition as the sparsifying transform in the CS algorithm, the recovered image was used to derive the data ordering in PECS. The preliminary results outperformed the PECS results. The fourth contribution is a novel approach for training a dictionary for sparse recovery in CE-MRA. The experimental results demonstrate improved reconstructions on clinical undersampled dynamic images. A new method recently has been developed to exploit the structure of the signal in sparse representation. Group sparse compressed sensing (GSCS) allows the efficient reconstruction of signals whose support is contained in the union of a small number of groups (sets) from a collection of pre-defined disjoint groups. Exploiting CS applications in dynamic MR imaging, a group sparse method was introduced for our contrast-enhanced data set. Instead of incorporating data ordering resulted from prior information, pre-defined sparsity patterns were used in the PECS recovery algorithm, resulting to a suppression of noise in the reconstruction.
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6

Troalen, Thomas. "IRM quantitative de la perfusion myocardique par marquage de spins artériels = Quantitative myocardial perfusion MRI using arterial spin labeling." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5006/document.

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La perfusion est un facteur important dans la viabilité et la fonction du myocarde. Des atteintes microvasculaires diffuses, précédant l'infarctus ou l'insuffisance cardiaque sont impliqués dans bon nombre de pathologies cardiaques. Ce travail vise à améliorer les techniques existantes de mesure quantitatives et non-invasive de la perfusion myocardique par marquage de spins artériels (ASL). La première partie de mon travail de thèse a consisté en la mise place chez la souris d'une technique alternative pour mesurer la perfusion myocardique. Celle-ci est basée sur un marquage pulsé et régulièrement répété afin de construire un état d'équilibre de l'aimantation sous l'influence de la perfusion (approche steady-pulsed ASL). Le modèle théorique associé à cette technique spASL a été développé en parallèle afin de quantifier le flux sanguin tissulaire. Il a été montré que spASL permettait d'obtenir un résultat similaire aux techniques existantes avec en plus, les avantages d'améliorer la sensibilité au signal de perfusion ainsi que de réduire le temps d'acquisition. Dans un second temps, un transfert vers l'imagerie clinique pour une application chez l'homme a été entrepris. Le marquage de type spASL a été conservé et le module de lecture a été adapté aux spécificités de l'imagerie cardiaque chez l'homme pour une acquisition en respiration libre. Un post-traitement dédié qui comprend une correction de mouvement rétrospective a ensuite vu le jour afin d'améliorer la robustesse de nos mesures. Parallèlement aux développements conduits chez l'homme, nous avons exploité l'approche spASL chez l'animal en proposant diverses améliorations en fonction des études menées
Myocardial blood flow is an important factor of tissue viability and function. Diffuse changes in microcirculation preceding heart failure are involved in various cardiac pathologies. This work aim at improving existing techniques allowing quantitative and non-invasive myocardial perfusion assessment using arterial spin labeling. The first step of my work was to design an alternative approach to quantify myocardial blood flow in mice. The so called steady-pulsed ASL (spASL) is based on a regularly repeated pulsed labeling in order to build up a stationary regime of the magnetization under the influence of perfusion. The associated theoretical model has been developed in parallel to quantify tissue blood flow. We have shown that spASL allows to obtain similar results than the previously employed techniques, with the additional advantages of an increased sensitivity to the perfusion signal and a reduced acquisition time. A transfer towards clinical imaging for human applications was then undertaken. The spASL labeling scheme has been preserved while adapting the readout module to the specificities of cardiac MRI when applied to free-breathing human acquisitions. A dedicated post-processing, which includes a retrospective motion correction, has emerged subsequently to improve the robustness of our measurements. In parallel to the developments made for human studies, some optimization of the spASL technique when applied to rodent have been carried out depending on the conducted studies
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7

Grisham, Joe P. 1950. "Phase enhanced time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46454.

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8

Wong, Pauline. "Interactive magnetic resonance angiography using fresh blood imaging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611244.

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9

Hansen, Tomas. "Assessment of Atherosclerosis by Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Angiography." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology Institutionen för onkologi, radiologi och klinisk immunologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7778.

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10

Ho, K. Y. J. A. M. "MR angiography of the lower extremities." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6889.

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11

Wikström, Johan. "On contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the aortoiliac arteries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-715.

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In contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA),vascular signal is produced by the acquisition of a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan while the presence of a contrast agent induces a low T1 in blood. In this thesis,CE-MRA of the aortoiliac arteries was evaluated.Different contrast agents and techniques for synchronisation of the scan with the contrast bolus passage were assessed.

In 30 patients with clinically suspected iliac artery stenoses,contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was compared with duplex ultrasound scanning and digital subtraction x-ray angiography (DSA),with intraarterial pressure measurements as reference method. No statistically significant differences in sensitivity or specificity were observed between the techniques regarding the detection of hemodynamically significant iliac stenoses. The use of multiplanar reformats and source images in the MRA examinations was of value for the differentiation between high-grade stenoses and occlusions. With DSA as reference method, MRA had significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than duplex for the detection of ≥50% stenoses.

In fourteen patients examined with iliac artery MRA, differences in contrast arrival time of up to 7 s was observed between the aorta and the common femoral artery.A dual-station timing technique adjusting for this difference was found feasible. Compared with a fluoroscopically triggered technique (n=13),which is used in clinical rotine, the dual-station technique was more reliable for the visualisation of distal vessels.

In a clinical phase II study comparing different doses of t he contrast agent gadobenate dimeglumine for the enhancement of iliac artery MRA, a significant improvement in subjective diagnostic quality compared with time-of-flight MRA was found at all doses from 0.025 mmol/kg.An increasing trend with dose was observed up to a dose level of 0.05-0.1 mmol/kg.

In a phase I clinical study on the intravascular, iron oxide contrast agent NC100150 Injection, a positive dose response was observed for abdominal vascular enhancement, with the highest contrast-to-noise ratio observed at 4.0 mg Fe/kg bw at 1.5 T and at 2.5-4 mg Fe/kg bw at 0.5 T.At 1.5 T higher R2*values were calculated for the aorta than for the IVC.

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12

Tizon, Xavier. "Algorithms for the analysis of 3D magnetic resonance angiography images." Phd thesis, Uppsala : Centre for Image Analysis, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s316.pdf.

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13

Berry, Eleanor. "Optimisation of vessel-selective magnetic resonance perfusion imaging and angiography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6cb21445-cb10-4349-87e3-3cd93e8dcdb0.

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The diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke and vascular lesions in the brain, requires knowledge of the status of brain tissue and cerebral arteries. Perfusion imaging and angiography offer information on blood flow to the tissue and through the brain-feeding arteries. A variety of imaging modalities exist to assess brain haemodynamics, including measures of cerebral blood flow and other parameters, however many of these are invasive and/or involve the use of contrast agents toxic to certain patient populations. One non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging alternative for perfusion imaging and angiography, which also provides vessel specific blood flow information, is vessel-encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling (VEPCASL). VEPCASL uses the blood as an endogenous tracer and can magnetically label the blood from different arteries of interest. The combination of VEPCASL with different imaging strategies can provide a map of the vascular perfusion territories in the brain, or dynamic information on blood flow through the cerebral arteries. The work in this thesis seeks to optimise and develop the encoding process of VEPCASL and accompanying angiographic readouts. Firstly, a rapid and automated method for calculating a minimal number of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficient encodings, for any number and arrangement of vessels, was developed. Its use resulted in improved SNR in perfusion territories fed by more complicated vessel arrangements in the labelling plane. The labelling efficiency of VEPCASL, and its non-vessel-selective equivalent, PCASL, is affected by the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities in the labelling plane. Consequently, a correction for phase offsets was introduced into the calculation of the optimised encodings. These encodings enabled the recovery of SNR in perfusion territories for PCASL and VEPCASL when phase offsets were present at the labelled arteries. As current VEPCASL angiography methods are relatively slow to acquire, an accelerated readout was developed to acquire two-dimensional vessel-selective dynamic angiograms in approximately one minute. A radial k-space trajectory was found to offer the best vessel definition and SNR. Three-dimensional (3D) angiograms provide the most detailed view of the cerebral vasculature for use in diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. A 3D radial readout was optimised to acquire vessel-selective dynamic angiograms. These angiograms offer information on the structure of the vascular tree and how it is fed by the major arteries in the neck. The techniques developed here aim to increase the clinical viability and applicability of VEPCASL perfusion imaging and angiography. It is hoped that the techniques herein could be used in patient populations to add to and improve the diagnostic information available.
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14

Hill, Richard J. "Developments in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843527/.

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Two magnetic resonance imaging studies based on relaxometry are presented. Firstly, various methods of measuring T1, T2, and flip angle are reviewed, along with various applications of relaxometry. After a study of the relevant background and theory, a method of measuring T1, T2, and the flip angle simultaneously using echo planar imaging is described, followed by a study of diffusion in a biological system employing T2 measurements. A series of echo planar images acquired with a repetition time that is short compared with the relaxation times T1 and T2 shows fluctuations in image intensity, which are dependent on these relaxation times and the flip angle. These fluctuations are best modelled using the Kaiser theory of isochromats. The Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm can then be used to estimate the parameters from the data. This has been shown to work consistently in zero and one dimensions, but inconsistently in two dimensions when high gradient amplitudes affect coherence. Bacterial polysaccharides are known to exhibit a property known as anion exclusion, where the diffusion of cations is permitted, but the diffusion of anions is prevented. According to the theory of permselectivity, negatively-charged functional groups on the surfaces of pores not only block anions, but assist the diffusion of cations. The relationship between T2 and the concentration of paramagnetic species is used to follow the diffusion of Mn2+ ions through several polysaccharides. It is shown that the diffusion coefficients of Mn2+ ions are higher in neutral than in positively-charged polysaccharides, and greater still in negatively charged polysaccharides.
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15

Pike, G. Bruce (Gilbert Bruce). "Signal behaviour in magnetic resonance angiography using rapid field echo sequences." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74564.

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The signal from stationary and flowing material in rapid field echo magnetic resonance imaging sequences is examined theoretically and experimentally. Three sequence variants are considered which differ according to their use of transverse magnetization coherences. One sequence variant attempts to eliminate coherences by cycling the phase of the RF pulses. This approach is analyzed numerically and an optimal RF phase increment is presented. The theoretical response from flowing material is derived by considering the temporal derivatives of position and the gradient waveform moments evaluated over each repetition period. Numerical simulations are used to predict the net response from a voxel.
These signal models are used to optimize time-of-flight field echo angiographic sequence parameters for studies of the extra and intra-cranial arteries by assuming mean blood velocities and transit times respectively. The contrast-to-noise ratio per unit time is the function maximized in this analysis and both 2-D multi-slice and 3-D volume acquisitions are considered.
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16

Yamamoto, Takayuki. "Magnetic resonance angiography with compressed sensing: an evaluation of moyamoya disease." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232119.

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17

Al-Kwifi, Osama. "Development of 3D magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of vascular pathology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60407.pdf.

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18

Planken, Robrecht Nils. "Hemodialysis vascular access imaging duplex ultrasound and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography /." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Datawyse/Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8715.

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19

McRobbie, Donald William. "Quantitative assessment of magnetic resonance imaging systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312949.

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20

Barnes, D. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234819.

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21

Summers, Paul Eugene. "Quantitative flow by magnetic resonance phase mapping." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267482.

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22

Hickman, Simon James. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in optic neuritis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446600/.

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The major event in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is the acute relapse. The majority of patients with MS present with such an event. Most early relapses are followed by complete or near complete recovery, however partial recovery or significant disability can result from an individual relapse. Study of relapses in vivo is therefore desirable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very sensitive at detecting MS lesions. Unfortunately, in the brain and spinal cord, it has been difficult to reliably identify the lesion that is responsible for the symptoms of an individual relapse and most new brain lesions which are apparent on MRI are clinically silent. Optic neuritis provides an attractive model to study the effects of relapses in MS. Optic neuritis is a frequent manifestation of MS and has been regarded as a forme fruste of the disease. The natural history of acute optic neuritis mirrors that of an acute MS relapse elsewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) and the response to corticosteroid therapy is the same. Visual function can be measured accurately in a rater-independent fashion and it is possible to measure the latency and amplitude of the visual evoked potential (VEP) which gives information about the integrity of the visual conducting pathways. Developments in imaging technology and application now means that, potentially more pathologically specific imaging sequences can be applied to the study of the optic nerves. This thesis will investigate the application of these new imaging techniques, along with clinical and VEP measures, to the study of optic neuritis in order to gain new insights into the effect of individual lesions on structure and function in the CNS in the short- and long-term.
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23

Lin, Weili. "High resolution three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and flow quantification." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057241590.

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24

MA, DAN. "Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1426170542.

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25

Counsell, Serena Jane. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the preterm brain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11362.

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26

Walker, Conrad Leigh. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of ultrasound acoustic fields." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29273.pdf.

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27

Cowie, Christopher James Andrew. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1730.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be complicated by long term cognitive and affective symptoms. Conventional imaging findings often do not correlate with the clinical picture in these patients, and frequently underestimate the extent of damage. Quantitative MR imaging techniques are sensitive to microstructural damage in brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) which appear uninjured on conventional MRI. Previous work has predominantly evaluated their use in acute TBI in moderate and severely injured patients, or in chronic TBI across the severity spectrum. This thesis explored the application of quantitative T1 (qT1) and quantitative T2 (qT2) relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the acute evaluation of 44 mild and 9 moderate TBI patients in whom neuropsychological assessment had been performed, and compared the results to those of 30 matched control subjects. By combining the scan data with results from the cognitive testing, this work sought to identify correlations between regions of detectable microstructural damage and the neurocognitive functions related to them. Differences between groups were observed in whole brain normal appearing GM in qT1, and in frontal lobe normal appearing GM and WM in qT1 and DTI measures. Differences were also observed in memory performance and executive function between patients and control subjects which correlated with injury severity. Significant negative correlations were revealed between whole brain WM qT1 time and executive function and negative correlations were shown between frontal and left temporal GM qT1 time and both memory performance and phonemic fluency. Also demonstrated were a positive correlation between frontal GM MD and phonemic fluency, and a negative correlation between frontal GM FA and both memory and executive function. Lastly, increases in WM FA in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum were shown to negatively correlate with all components of verbal fluency. This work has demonstrated, using quantitative MR imaging, acute differences at a microstructural level between TBI patients and matched control subjects, in tissue appearing normal on conventional imaging. Furthermore, it has shown that these changes correlate with post-concussive cognitive deficits. It is likely that these changes represent damage as a result of traumatic brain injury in the regions responsible for the cognitive functions found to be impaired.
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28

Taylor, Nicola Jane. "Applications of projections to quantitative magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300557.

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29

Schuster, Andreas. "Validation of quantitative myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/validation-of-quantitative-myocardial-perfusion-magnetic-resonance-imaging(b7271d7c-addb-4bb6-b9d9-b9b5312b5d12).html.

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion imaging has been shown to accurately detect significant coronary artery stenoses and is of potential use to detect patients for early treatment and to improve prognosis. New techniques yield a superb spatial resolution and may allow for full quantification of perfusion. Novel CMR techniques and imaging biomarkers are often validated in small animal models or empirically in patients. The direct translation of small animal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols to humans is rarely possible, while validation in humans is often difficult, slow and occasionally not possible due to ethical considerations. -- The aim of the thesis was to develop an MR-compatible isolated blood-perfused pig heart model, which closely resembles human physiology, anatomy and size and to utilize it for controlled validation of quantitative perfusion at the segmental and voxel level using standard clinical sequences and MR scanners. To enable accurate quantification a universal dual-bolus method was developed. The design of the heart allowed exquisite control regarding overall and regional blood-flow and imaging by identical equipment used for humans. Quantitative perfusion imaging showed a good correlation with microspheres, which was most apparent with Fermi function constrained deconvolution regardless of sequence or field strength. Fermi deconvolution based voxel-wise quantitative perfusion values also correlated well with microspheres throughout the myocardial wall. The validated sequences proved useful for the detection of significant coronary artery disease in a small feasibility study in patients analysing perfusion at the segmental level. In conclusion this work has resulted in an accurate validation of quantitative perfusion CMR at a segmental and voxel level at common clinical field strengths.
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30

Siegel, John Mather Jr. "Magnetic resonance imaging of flow through a stenosis : accuracy of angiography and phase velocity measurements." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17626.

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31

Dahlqvist, Leinhard Olof. "Quantitative Magnetic Resonance in Diffuse Neurological and Liver Disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54728.

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32

Tardif, Christine. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of cortical multiple sclerosis pathology." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96663.

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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies over the last decade have corroborated that grey matter (GM) structures are extensively involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, revolutionizing the long time perception of MS as a white matter disease. Yet cortical GM lesions remain notoriously difficult to detect in vivo using MRI. The main objective of this thesis was to create a quantitative MRI acquisition and analysis framework for the study of cortical MS pathology in vivo. To achieve this, two complementary approaches were used: brain morphometry and quantitative imaging of magnetic resonance properties (qMRI). The first aim was to develop an optimal acquisition protocol for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of GM density to quantitatively study regional GM atrophy in MS. The sensitivity of VBM results to MR field strength and acquisition sequences was characterized by performing a VBM study of healthy controls using the two most common T1-weighted anatomical sequences, FLASH and MP-RAGE, at both 1.5 and 3 Tesla. The subsequent study introduced a new implementation of the MDEFT sequence for VBM at 3 Tesla, and compared it to FLASH and MP-RAGE. MDEFT showed the highest contrast-to-noise ratio between brain tissues, and required the smallest number of subjects to detect a significant difference in GM density. The second aim was to create a quantitative MR model of cortical lesions, a valuable tool to guide the design of qMRI acquisition methodologies for in vivo cortical lesion detection, and for the interpretation of in vivo MRI results. A combined high-resolution qMRI and IHC study of a post mortem MS hemisphere was performed. Cortical demyelinated lesions were characterized by an increase in T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density, and by a decrease in magnetization transfer ratio. Finally, both approaches were combined to develop a cortical lesion segmentation technique based on laminar profile shape analysis of qMR images. This technique was demonstrated and validated using the post mortem qMRI and IHC data set. Collectively, these quantitative imaging methodologies have the potential to improve our understanding of the evolution of GM MS pathology in vivo, and the correlation with clinical/cognitive disability.
Au cours des dix dernières années, l'immunohistologie et l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) ont corroboré l'étendue de la pathologie de la sclérose en plaques (SEP) dans la substance grise, révolutionnant ainsi la perception de la SEP comme maladie de la substance blanche. Les lésions corticales demeurent toutefois très difficiles à discerner in vivo au moyen de l'IRM. L'objectif central de cette thèse de doctorat était de créer un cadre d'acquisition et d'analyse quantitatives d'IRM pour étudier la pathologie corticale de la SEP in vivo. À cette fin, deux approches complémentaires ont été utilisées : la neuro-morphométrie et l'imagerie quantitative des propriétés de résonance magnétique des tissus cérébraux. En premier lieu, nous avons développé un protocol d'acquisition d'image optimisé pour la morphométrie voxel à voxel (VBM) de la substance grise afin de quantifier l'atrophie locale de la substance grise causée par la SEP. La sensibilité des résultats de VBM à la force du champ magnétique ainsi qu'à la séquence d'acquisition a été caractérisée par une étude VBM sur des sujets sains utilisant les deux séquences en pondération T1 les plus répandues, FLASH et MP-RAGE, à 1,5 et 3 Tesla. Une implémentation innovatrice de la séquence MDEFT pour le VBM à 3 Tesla a ensuite été comparée à FLASH et à MP-RAGE. MDEFT a démontré le rapport contraste sur bruit le plus élevé entre la substance blanche et la substance grise, et a exigé le plus petit nombre de sujets pour détecter une différence significative dans la densité de la substance grise. En second lieu, nous avons créé un modèle quantitatif de résonance magnétique des lésions corticales, un outil indispendable à la conception de nouvelles méthodes d'acquisition d'IRM pour la détection de plaques corticales in vivo, et pour l'interprétation des observations d'IRM in vivo. Nous avons réalisé une étude d'IRM quantitative à haute résolution d'un hémisphère post mortem atteint de SEP, qui a ensuite été validée par l'immunohistologie. Les lésions corticales démyélinisées sont caractérisées par un prolongement des temps de relaxation T1 et T2, une augmentation de la densité de protons et une diminution du ratio de transfert de magnétisation. Finalement, les deux approches ont été jumelées pour développer une méthode de segmentation des lésions corticales sur IRM basée sur l'analyse de la forme des profils laminaires du cortex. La méthode a été appliquée et validée sur l'ensemble des données d'IRM et d'immunohistologie de l'hémisphère post mortem. L'ensemble de ces méthodes quantitatives d'IRM a le potentiel d'améliorer notre compréhension de l'évolution de la pathologie affectant la substance grise en SEP, ainsi que d'améliorer la corrélation avec les déficiences cliniques et cognitives.
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33

Bray, Timothy J. P. "Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal inflammation : a quantitative approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10054820/.

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‘Spondyloarthritis’ is an umbrella term referring to a group of inflammatory diseases characterized by spinal inflammation and new bone formation, which cause pain, disability and reduced quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to identify, quantify and monitor inflammation in patients with spondyloarthritis, and can therefore help to guide treatment aimed at reducing inflammation. However, conventional methods for interpretation of MRI scans are qualitative, lack reproducibility and provide only indirect information about tissue pathology. Therefore, there is a need for a more objective method for identifying and quantifying inflammation using MRI. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) enables objective physical measurements of tissue characteristics to be made directly from the image, and is a candidate tool. In this thesis, two main qMRI techniques - diffusion- weighted imaging and chemical shift-encoded MRI, which derive apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements respectively - have been considered as potential methods for quantifying inflammation. ADC measurements are known to increase in areas of bone marrow oedema; here, it was shown that ADC measures reflect response to treatment in patients undergoing tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy. CSE-MRI was optimized as a new method for imaging inflammation, and new fat-water-bone phantoms were designed enabling technical validation of PDFF measurements. PDFF was compared in areas ofbone marrow oedema, fat metaplasia and normal marrow, and was shown to decrease in oedematous sites and increase in areas of fat metaplasia. A new partially- automated tool for measuring ADC and PDFF measurements in the subchondral bone using histographic analysis was developed, and histographic parameters were compared in a prospective study of 53 patients. Histographic analysis was shown to improve the performance of both ADC and PDFF measurements for identifying inflammation and fat metaplasia. Additionally, potential methods for quantifying bone mineral density (BMD) – and thus quantifying bone formation and bone loss – were evaluated. R2* and quantitative susceptibility measurements were shown to reflect bone mineral density (BMD) in fat-water-bone phantoms, and also showed differences in areas offat metaplasia compared to normal bone marrow. The results confirm the feasibility of using qMRI to quantify inflammation in spondyloarthritis. The fat-water-bone phantom and quantification tools described here could be used in future studies aiming to quantify and characterize bone inflammation.
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34

Mehndiratta, Amit. "Quantitative measurements of cerebral hemodynamics using magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9dfb1a4-f297-47b9-a95f-b60750065008.

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Cerebral ischemia is a vascular disorder that is characterized by the reduction of blood supply to the brain, resulting in impaired metabolism and finally death of brain cells. Cerebral ischemia is a major clinical problem associated with global morbidity and mortality rates of about 30%. Clinical management of cerebral ischemia relies heavily on perfusion analysis using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI). DSC-MRI analysis is performed using mathematical models that simulate the underlying vascular physiology of brain. Cerebral perfusion is calculated using perfusion imaging and is used as a marker of tissue health status; low perfusion being an indicator of impaired tissue metabolism. In addition to measurement of cerebral perfusion, it is possible to quantify the blood flow variation within the capillary network referred to as cerebral microvascular hemodynamics. It has been hypothesized that microvascular hemodynamics are closely associated with tissue oxygenation and that hemodynamics might undergo a considerable amount of variation to maintain normal tissue metabolism under conditions of ischemic stress. However with DSC-MRI perfusion imaging, quantification of cerebral hemodynamics still remains a big challenge. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is currently a standard methodology for estimation of cerebral perfusion with DSC-MRI in both research and clinical settings. It is a robust technique for quantification of cerebral perfusion, however, the quantification of hemodynamic information cannot be achieved with SVD methods because of the non-physiological behaviour of SVD in microvascular hemodynamic estimation. SVD is sensitive to the noise in the MR signal which appears in the calculated microvascular hemodynamics, thus making it difficult to interpret for pathophysiological significance. Other methods, including model-based approaches or methods based on likelihood estimation, stochastic modeling and Gaussian processes, have been proposed. However, none of these have become established as a means to study tissue hemodynamics in perfusion imaging. Possibly because of the associated constrains in these methodologies that limited their sensitivity to hemodynamic variation in vivo. The objective of the research presented in this thesis is to develop and to evaluate a method to perform a quantitative estimation of cerebral hemodynamics using DSC-MRI. A new Control Point Interpolation (CPI) method has been developed to perform a non-parametric analysis for DSC-MRI. The CPI method was found to be more accurate in estimation of cerebral perfusion than the alternative methods. Capillary hemodynamics were calculated by estimating the transit time distribution of the tissue capillary network using the CPI method. The variations in transit time distribution showed quantitative differences between normal tissue and tissue under ischemic stress. The method has been corrected for the effects of macrovascular bolus dispersion and tested over a larger clinical cohort of patients with atherosclerosis. CPI method is thus a promising method for quantifying cerebral hemodynamics using perfusion imaging. CPI method is an attempt to evaluate the use of quantitative hemodynamic information in diagnostic and prognostic monitoring of patients with ischemia and vascular diseases.
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35

Huo, Donglai. "Quantitative Image Quality Evaluation of Fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1155913518.

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36

Armitage, Paul Anthony. "Quantitative magnetic resonance diffusion imaging of the human brain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22344.

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In conventional experiments, diffusion was treated as a scalar quantity, based on models assuming spherical or isotropic diffusion. In most living tissues, this is an oversimplification as diffusion is not isotropic and must be treated as a tensor quantity. As such, the likely errors arising from performing diffusion measurements assuming spherical or cylindrical symmetry were investigated using computer simulations. Large and unpredictable errors were found to result if diffusion was not treated as a tensor quantity and models assuming spherical or cylindrical symmetry were used. Diffusion measurements are also highly susceptible to the effects of experimental noise. Previously suggested measurements as to the extent of noise corruption in diffusion experiments are generally found to be extremely dependent on the experimental parameters used and so are difficult to apply in a general situation. To overcome this, a measurement of noise was found that gives an analysis that is largely independent of the experimental conditions. Achieving an accurate quantitative analysis has been shown to require a careful balance between obtaining a high enough degree of diffusion weighting, while achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. A theoretical method was developed for producing reliable diffusion measurements by optimising the diffusion weighting b-value and the number of acquisitions obtained. Both in vitro and in vivo data were found to give reliable quantitative data from an acquisition scheme based on the theoretical method. Many different ways for displaying diffusion data have been proposed. An analysis of the different levels of contrast and sensitivity arising from various diffusion anisotropy indices was also undertaken, resulting in the development of a method for displaying diffusion data with improved contrast. During the course of this work quantitative diffusion imaging has been performed in a clinical setting on over 100 acute stroke patients, 16 head injury patients and 5 CJD patients.
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37

Sindi, Rooa. "Quantitative Measurements of Breast Density Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86105.

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This study was conducted to investigate the optimal MRI protocols for quantitative assessment of breast density. The research involved development of a patient-specific 3D-printed breast phantom for simulation of breast tissues and quantitative analysis of breast density based on phantom experiments and patient data analysis. Results of this research highlight the importance of standardising breast MRI protocols for the evaluation of breast density, predominantly for women at an elevated risk of developing breast cancer.
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38

Peterson, Erika. "Synthetic MRI for visualization of quantitative MRI." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102651.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that is used in hospitals worldwide. The images are acquired through the use of an MRI scanner and the clinical information is provided through the image contrast, which is based on the magnetic properties in biological tissue. By altering the scanner settings, images with different contrast properties can be obtained. Conventional MRI is a qualitative imaging technique and no absolute measurements are performed. At Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization (CMIV) researchers are developing a new MRI technique named synthetic MRI (SyMRI). SyMRI is based on quantitative measurements of data and absolute values of the magnetic properties of the biological tissue can be obtained. The purpose of this master thesis has been to take the development of SyMRI a step further by developing and implementing a visualization studio for SyMRI imaging of the human brain. The software, SyMRI Brain Studio, is intended to be used in clinical routine. Input from radiologists was used to evaluate the imaging technique and the software. Additionally, the requirements of the radiologists were converted into technical specifications for the imaging technique and SyMRI Brain Studio. Additionally, validation of the potential in terms of replacing conventional MRI with SyMRI Brain Studio was performed. The work resulted in visualization software that provides a solid formation for the future development of SyMRI Brain Studio into a clinical tool that can be used for validation and research purposes. A list of suggestions for the future developments is also presented. Future clinical evaluation, technical improvements and research are required in order to estimate the potential of SyMRI and to introduce the technique as a generally used clinical tool.
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39

Malamateniou, Christina. "Optimisatin and clinical applications of neonatal magnetic resonance angiography of cerebral vessels at 3 tesla." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499051.

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40

Hutter, Jana [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornegger. "Accelerated Non-contrast-enhanced Morphological and Functional Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Jana Hutter. Gutachter: Joachim Hornegger." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075743702/34.

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41

Avadhut, Yamini. "Quantitative solid state nuclear magnetic resonance methods for inorganic materials." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-153598.

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42

Moore, Elizabeth Anne. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in arthritis and diabetic microvascular disease." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278798.

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43

Chen, Chen. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies of extended drug release systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708155.

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44

Yuan, Jianmin. "Three-dimensional quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267723.

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide with 20% of ischemic strokes attributed to carotid atherosclerosis. In recent years, morphological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque such as a thin fibrous cap, large lipid-rich necrotic core, intraplaque haemorrhage and ulceration have shown correlations with subsequent clinical events. High resolution, multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can qualitatively identify these features and monitor disease progression. Compared to traditional contrast weighted imaging, quantitative MRI could provide an objective assessment of disease. Therefore, the general hypothesis investigated in this thesis is: Quantitative MRI methods can be used to acquire objective biomarkers of carotid vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaque, with high accuracy and good repeatability. The research presented in this thesis describes the use of multiple quantitative MRI methods to evaluate the carotid vessel wall. These include dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI analysis for the assessment of plaque inflammation/neovascularization and the development of black-blood quantitative T2/T2* mapping sequences for plaque component characterisation. The acceleration of the sequences was also investigated using a combination of compressed sensing (CS) and parallel imaging (PI). Chapter 3 investigated the hypothesis that plaque functional characteristics and surface morphology can be evaluated using a high temporal and spatial resolution 4D contrast-enhanced MRI/MR angiography (MRA) sequence. Chapter 4 tested the hypothesis that magnetisation prepared 3D fast-spin-echo (FSE) is the best sequence for in vivo T2 mapping. Four different black-blood T2 mapping sequences were developed and compared in phantom and volunteers. Chapter 5 tested the hypothesis that the optimised iMSDE 3D FSE T2 mapping sequence can be combined with CS and PI to further reduce the acquisition time without significantly affecting image quality and the measured T2 relaxation times. Chapter 6 investigated the hypothesis that compressed sensing can be used to reduce the overall examination time of a comprehensive multi-contrast MRI protocol, comprising black-blood T1 weighted, T2 weighted and proton density weighted sequences. Finally, Chapter 7 investigated the hypothesis that accurate 3D vessel wall R2* mapping can be achieved through black-blood preparation. In summary, this thesis investigated the use of multiple quantitative MRI methods in evaluating the carotid vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaque. The results demonstrate that quantitative MRI is an accurate and reproducible method for the carotid plaque characterization.
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45

Hamy, V. "Improving accuracy of information extraction from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1433683/.

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Quantitative MRI offers the possibility to produce objective measurements of tissue physiology at different scales. Such measurements are highly valuable in applications such as drug development, treatment monitoring or early diagnosis of cancer. From microstructural information in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) or local perfusion and permeability in dynamic contrast (DCE-) MRI to more macroscopic observations of the local intestinal contraction, a number of aspects of quantitative MRI are considered in this thesis. The main objective of the presented work is to provide pre-processing techniques and model modification in order to improve the reliability of image analysis in quantitative MRI. Firstly, the challenge of clinical DWI signal modelling is investigated to overcome the biasing effect due to noise in the data. Several methods with increasing level of complexity are applied to simulations and a series of clinical datasets. Secondly, a novel Robust Data Decomposition Registration technique is introduced to tackle the problem of image registration in DCE-MRI. The technique allows the separation of tissue enhancement from motion effects so that the latter can be corrected independently. It is successfully applied to DCE-MRI datasets of different organs. This application is extended to the correction of respiratory motion in small bowel motility quantification in dynamic MRI data acquired during free breathing. Finally, a new local model for the arterial input function (AIF) is proposed. The estimation of the arterial blood contrast agent concentration in DCE-MRI is augmented using prior knowledge on local tissue structure from DWI. This work explores several types of imaging using MRI. It contributes to clinical quantitative MRI analysis providing practical solutions aimed at improving the accuracy and consistency of the parameters derived from image data.
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46

Wang, Maisie S. "Ultra-high resolution imaging and artery-vein separation of blood pool contrast-enhanced MRA /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8094.

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47

Crook, Nigel Paul. "The application of quantitative environmental magnetic measurements to sedimentary systems." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248812.

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48

Kara, Danielle Christine. "Understanding Error in Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1521406087127691.

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49

Biffar, Andreas. "Quantitative Analysis of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Spine." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-126230.

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50

Higgins, David Michael. "T1 measurement for quantitative myocardial perfusion assessment with magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421378.

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