Academic literature on the topic 'Quantitative Geomorphology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Gioia, Dario. "Editorial for Quantitative Geomorphology Special Issue." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120475.
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In recent years, DEM- and GIS-supported analysis of landscape has become an important research field in many geomorphological applications, which aim to model surface processes in a variety of geomorphic environments and at different spatial and temporal scales. [...]
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Liu, Zhiheng, Suiping Zhou, Hang Yu, Wenjie Zhang, Fengcheng Guo, Xuemei Chen, and Jianhua Guo. "Quantitative Analysis of Tectonic Geomorphology Research Based on Web of Science from 1981 to 2021." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 5227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205227.
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Tectonic geomorphology is an important research area that uses multisource data to quantify the landscape response induced by the interaction between the tectonic uplift and climate changes. In this study, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis using bibliometric and scientometrics based on the research areas, countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and citations is carried out, which provides an exhaustive history of tectonic geomorphology, and points out the hopspots and trends in the research area. A total of 2796 papers and 110,111 references from 1981 to 2021 are collected from Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) as the main data source. The results show that with the development of remote sensing, tectonic geomorphology, and the improvement of instruments and equipment, the amount of tectonic geomorphology analysis has been increasing. The journal Geomorphology is one of the most popular journals in this field. Through the co-occurrence network analysis, 12 clusters are identified in which the most popular research hotspot in tectonic geomorphology research is how to constrain the rates of active faulting using geomorphic indices. Through literature co-citation analysis, 13 research directions are extracted in which an important trend is to investigate the response of drainage divide migration to the fault slip rates. With the help of remote sensing data, physical attributes, and contextual knowledge, the reliability of measuring uplift rates under tectonic and climate changes has been increased. A future suggestion is to use multi-source heterogeneous data fusion to conduct quantitative analysis for tectonic geomorphology research.
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Wood, L. J. "Quantitative geomorphology of the Mars Eberswalde delta." Geological Society of America Bulletin 118, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2006): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b25822.1.
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El-Mowafy, Hamed Z., and Kurt J. Marfurt. "Quantitative seismic geomorphology, south Texas, United States." AAPG Bulletin 100, no. 04 (April 2016): 537–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/02011615136.
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Keylock, Christopher J. "Mark Melton's geomorphology and geography's quantitative revolution." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 28, no. 2 (June 2003): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00084.
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Fleurant, Cyril, Johnny Douvinet, and Daniel Delahaye. "Introduction to the thematic issue: "Quantitative hydro-geomorphology"." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 19, no. 1 (June 10, 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.10080.
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French, J. R., and H. Burningham. "Coastal geomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 4 (July 19, 2011): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311414606.
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This progress report presents a selective review of developments in coastal geomorphological research, and their relation to trends in geomorphology as a whole. The continuing advance of environmental monitoring technology is evidenced by the number of papers showcasing new instruments and the data sets that they can generate, especially in relation to the analysis of coastal change. As ever, some areas of research rise in prominence while others fade away, a pattern that probably owes more to the current vogue for journal special issues than any real focusing or coordination of research effort. Rocky coasts and fetch-limited shorelines feature strongly in the literature for 2009 and 2010, while a more diverse set of studies attack the problem of disaggregating temporal variability in sediment fluxes and morphology into specific process controls. Quantitative sediment budgets continue to underpin analyses of coastal change, especially those that attempt to relate erosion with human activities. Of particular interest are studies that attempt to achieve more rigorous closure of budgets through explicit treatment of onshore-offshore fluxes, and analyses that address the interplay between anthropogenic and natural forcing. More generally, there are signs that a new age of discovery is being facilitated by the worldwide coverage of aerial and satellite imagery provided by portals such as Google Earth. This has the potential to enrich the geographical context of geomorphological research, and to contribute also to classificatory and empirical studies.
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Verstraeten, G. "Combining quantitative field and modelling approaches towards understanding landscape dynamics: an evolution of ideas spanning Jef Vandenberghe's research career." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 1-2 (September 2012): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600001621.
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AbstractGeomorphology as a scientific discipline has underwent major developments since the mid 20th century. From its original descriptive nature aiming to understand landscape evolution, it developed towards a more process-based oriented discipline. To a large extent this evolution followed a quantitative approach whereby modelling becomes more and more important. A schism between applied or engineering geomorphology and system-based geomorphology aiming at understanding landscape change emerges in the 1950-1960's. Only at the end of the 20th century – early 21st century, integration of quantitative field-based approaches on longer term issues of landscape evolution with numerical modelling emerges. This is particularly true for the Holocene for which the importance of human impact on geomorphic processes and landforms became acknowledged. With respect to landscape evolution on much longer timescales, the development of tectonic geomorphology becomes apparent. In this paper, some evolution of ideas and trends within geomorphology with respect to understanding landscape dynamics are summarised and put into the career perspective of Jef Vandenberghe.
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Goldstein, Evan B. "Delayed recognition of geomorphology papers in the Geological Society of America Bulletin." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 3 (April 17, 2017): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317703093.
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The Geological Society of America Bulletin was an early home for quantitative geomorphology research. Although geomorphology papers are not uniformly the highest cited papers in the Bulletin, many show ‘delayed recognition’—they garner only few citations directly after publication, before suddenly being widely and numerously cited (sometimes decades after publication). I focus here on (1) algorithmically detecting cases of delayed recognition in geomorphology literature from the Bulletin and (2) providing insight into why delayed recognition occurred for these papers.
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Strahler, Arthur N. "Quantitative/dynamic geomorphology at Columbia 1945-60: a retrospective." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600102.
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In the late 1940s, a graduate programme of quantitative/dynamic geomorphology largely replaced a qualitative/descriptive programme in the Department of Geology of Columbia University. Although the new paradigm had deep roots in earlier works by G. K. Gilbert, R. A. Bagnold, and others, its modern form was defined by Horton's seminal hydrophysical paper of 1945. At Columbia, two pervasive underlying concepts of geomorphic systems were stressed: a) a reductionistic dynamic analysis emphasizing categories of stress and strain; b) a synthesizing organization into natural open systems of energy and matter. Quantitative studies of fluvial systems carried out by graduate students and staff at Columbia in the early 1950s included restatement and field testing of Horton's laws of stream networks, along with improvements in stream-segment ordering and drainage density determination and in hypsometric and slope analysis. Mathematical statistics and dimensional analysis were applied to all map and field data. Morphometric parameters were related functionally to influencing variables of climate, vegetation, soils, lithology, and rock structure. Columbia research in the late 1950s introduced correlations of morphometric elements with hydrologic factors of rainfall intensity, infiltration, and runoff intensity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Slezak, Thomas Joseph. "Quantitative Morphological Classification of Planetary Craterforms Using Multivariate Methods of Outline-Based Shape Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6639.
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Craters formed by impact and volcanic processes are among the most fundamental planetary landforms. This study examines the morphology of diverse craterforms on Io, the Moon, Mars, and Earth using quantitative, outline-based shape analysis and multivariate statistical methods to evaluate the differences between different types of. Ultimately, this should help establish relationships between the form and origin of craterforms. Developed in the field of geometric morphometrics by paleontological and biological sciences communities, these methods were used for the analysis of the shapes of crater outlines. The shapes of terrestrial ash-flow calderas, terrestrial basaltic shield calderas, martian calderas, Ionian paterae, and lunar impact craters were quantified and compared. Specifically, we used circularity, ellipticity, elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), Zahn and Roskies (Z-R) shape function, and diameter. Quantitative shape descriptors obtained from EFA yield coefficients from decomposition of the Fourier series that separates the vertical and horizontal components among the outline points for each shape. The shape descriptors extracted from Z-R analysis represent the angular deviation of the shapes from a circle. These quantities were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis, to examine maximum differences between each a priori established group. Univariate analyses of morphological quantities including diameter, circularity, and ellipticity, as well as multivariate analyses of elliptic Fourier coefficients and Z-R shape function angular quantities show that ash-flow calderas and paterae on Io, as well as basaltic shield calderas and martian calderas, are most similar in shape. Other classes of craters are also shown to be statistically distinct from one another. Multivariate statistical models provide successful classification of different types of craters. Three classification models were built with overall successful classification rates ranging from 90% to 75%, each conveying different shape information. The EFA model including coefficients from the 2nd to 10th harmonic was the most successful supervised model with the highest overall classification rate and most successful predictive group membership assignments for the population of examined craterforms. Multivariate statistical methods and classification models can be effective tools for analyzing landforms on planetary surfaces and geologic morphology. With larger data sets used to enhance supervision of the model, more successful classification by the supervised model could likely reveal clues to the formation and variables involved in the genesis of landforms.
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Barros, Luiz Gustavo Meira. "Sobre o leito vacilante: mudanças na geomorfologia fluvial em meados do século XX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-13052015-114236/.
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Um momento chave para o entendimento da evolução da linhagem filogenética da Geomorfologia é o pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando profundas transformações sociais, econômicas e culturais, contribuem para uma nova fase do pensamento científico, mais objetivo e pragmático, e é nesse momento em que a Geomorfologia americana passa por uma quebra de seu paradigma. A construção do conhecimento sobre os processos naturais é antiga e passa por uma série de evoluções ao longo da história, merecendo destaque o estabelecimento dos estudos a partir da revolução científica do século XVII, quando a Geologia começa a ser organizada como um corpo de conhecimento bem definido, e dentro dele, a Geomorfologia aparece como uma importante base de estudos sobre a evolução do relevo. A segunda metade do século XIX é dominada pela influencia de William Moris Davis, que através de seus estudos estabeleceu um modelo de evolução do relevo, denominado de Ciclo Geográfico, dominado por fases de acordo com o grau de transformação provocada pelos rios. Essa teoria, calcada em uma abordagem histórica e geológica, acaba sendo largamente utilizada nos Estados Unidos, Europa Ocidental (exceto Alemanha) e países de língua inglesa em geral. Porém em 1945 é publicado um artigo seminal de Robert E. Horton, que é considerado o ponto de mudança e quebra do paradigma davisiano, ao servir de base para uma série de grupos que desenvolvem uma leitura da Geomorfologia muito mais voltada para a análise de processos, com bases na engenharia e na física, sendo que esse novo enfoque costuma receber o nome de Geomorfologia quantitativa. Dois grupos se destacam nessa transformação, um organizado por Arthur N Strahler, da Universidade de Columbia; e outro constituído por pesquisadores da USGS, unidos pela figura de Luna Leopold. Durante a década de 50 e 60 esses grupos publicaram uma série de artigos e livros que acabam por influenciar os estudos da Geomorfologia fluvial até os dias atuais, buscando a construção de um novo paradigma pós-davisiano, baseado na utilização da linguagem matemática e na formulação de leis, numa clara inspiração nos preceitos do positivismo lógico, inaugurando assim uma nova fase na Geomorfologia, que ainda mantem algumas características estabelecidas nesse período.A key point for understanding the evolution of phylogenetic lineage of Geomorphology is the post-World War II, when profound social, economic and cultural transformations, contribute to a new phase of scientific thought, more objective and pragmatic, and that is when the American geomorphology involves a breach of its paradigm. The construction of knowledge about natural processes is old and undergoes a series of changes throughout history, with emphasis the establishment of studies from the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, when the geology begins to be organized as a body of knowledge well defined, and within it, geomorphology appears as an important foundation for studies on the evolution of relief. The second half of the nineteenth century is marked by the influence of William Moris Davis, who through their studies established a model for the evolution of relief, named Geographic cycle, dominated by stages according to the degree of transformation caused by rivers. This theory, based on a historical and geological approach ends up being widely used in the United States, Western Europe (excluding Germany) and English-speaking countries in general. But in 1945 is published a seminal article by Robert E. Horton, who is considered the turning point and breaks of the davisian paradigm, to serve as the basis for a number of groups who develop a reading of Geomorphology much more focused on process analysis with bases in engineering and physics, and this new approach is usually given the name of \"quantitative geomorphology. Two groups stand out in this transformation, one organized by Arthur N Strahler, Columbia University; and another consisting of researchers from the USGS, united by the figure of Luna Leopold. During the 50s and 60s these groups published a series of articles and books that end up influencing the study of fluvial geomorphology to the present day, seeking the construction of a new post-davisian paradigm, based on the use of mathematical language and formulation of laws, a clear inspiration in the precepts of logical positivism, thus inaugurating a new phase in Geomorphology, which still maintains some characteristics established in this period.
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Afolabi, Olamide. "Quantitative characterisation of channel sinuosity, determination of catchment and sedimentary basin controls on channel sinuosity and interpretation of channel planform in fluvial systems with GIS and remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=226793.
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This work have quantitatively determine the catchment variables controlling the sinuosity transition of non-valley constrained DFS channels in Alaska, Himalaya and the Andes. Results from the characterisation of channel sinuosity were used through regression analyses to determine the catchment and channel bed parameters controlling reach sinuosity trend and transition of fluvial channel planforms in order to infer a control on the heterogeneity of DFS in the rock record. The catchment approach used was necessary because the studied fluvial systems are associated with DFS (which are regarded as larger forms of alluvial fans) and catchment based approach have been used to investigate controls on alluvial fan morphology. In addition, catchment based investigations are rare in the analyses of the discriminant functions that are considered as controlling factors on channel sinuosity and planform employed previously in the tributary systems. Two distinct channel types were found through the characterisation of 553 reaches of fluvial channels in 3 different modern continental sedimentary basins; channels with no transition in sinuosity/planform (group 1), and channels with transition in sinuosity/planform (group 2) Among the channel bed and catchment quantitative variables investigated in this work, catchment area is the only parameter that shows a general relationship with the channel distance from the apex to the transition point in channel sinuosity through the overall regression results. The result shows that the bigger the catchment area the longer the transition point which is related to a higher water and sediment discharge. Thus, the point at which the channel sinuosity transition will occur can be predicted from the catchment area through the regression equation [y=0.0017x + 28] of the overall linear regression line, where x is the catchment area and y is the channel distance from the apex to the point of transition in channel sinuosity. As the studied channels are associated with DFS, this relation also reflects the prediction of the transition point in the DFS fluvial styles in the rock record. Overall regression analysis results show statistically poor results for the relationship between catchment elevation, catchment slope, channel bed elevation, channel bed slope and either the channel sinuosity or the sinuosity transition. However, in all the three study areas, the majority of the datasets show a trend with the catchment area/sinuosity transition relationship. Additionally, the study area with mainly the biggest catchments (longer channel sinuosity transition) is associated with the highest catchment slope, lowest channel bed elevation and more anabranching channels. Also, the study area with mainly the smallest catchments (shorter channel sinuosity transition) is associated with lower catchment slope, higher channel bed elevation and fewer anabranching channels. This suggests that the higher water and sediment discharge may be related to the steeper slopes and the anabranching channels may reflect the lower channel bed elevation. However, deviations obeserved in the overall regression result in the three study areas are attributed to the differences in the climatic, geologic and tectonic factors in the 3 settings. Although, the differences in these study areas have been shown, nevertheless the interpretations cannot be substantiated in this work with the available data. Thus, there is need for further research to prove any conclusive relationship between these factors and hence remains an issue of debate. In conclusion, this work shows that catchment area is an important controlling parameter on the transition in channel sinuosity of non-valley constrained DFS channels and consequently reflects a a control on the transition in spatial variations of the associated DFS in the rock record.
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Croissant, Thomas. "Modélisation numérique de l'impact des grands tremblements de terre sur la dynamique des rivières." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S117/document.
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Dans les chaînes de montagnes, les séismes de magnitudes intermédiaires à fortes (Mw>6) déclenchent systématiquement un grand nombre de glissements de terrain responsables de l'introduction de volumes massifs de sédiments dans le réseau fluviatile. L'évacuation progressive de ces sédiments hors de la zone épicentrale affecte la dynamique des rivières et provoque des aléas hydro-sédimentaires dans les plaines alluviales (avulsion des rivières, crues...). La quantification des transferts sédimentaires est essentielle pour mieux comprendre l'évolution des paysages à court et moyen terme (de l'heure au siècle) et permettre une gestion efficace des risques dans les zones d'accumulation. Cependant, les flux de sédiments grossiers étant difficiles à mesurer, les facteurs contrôlant l'évacuation des glissements de terrain restent à ce jour mal compris. Cette thèse a donc porté sur l'étude, via la modélisation, des paramètres influençant la mobilisation des glissements de terrain, la préservation de la capacité de transport la transition entre gorge et plaine alluviale et la dynamique court terme des cônes alluviaux soumis à de forts apports sédimentaires. Les approches développées sont appliquées au contexte de la côte Ouest de la Nouvelle Zélande où la probabilité d'occurrence d'un séisme de magnitude 8 est de 50% dans les 50 ans à venir. Cette problématique à été abordée analytiquement et via une approche numérique avec le modèle 2D d'évolution des paysages et des rivières, Eros. Avec l'approche analytique, nous démontrons que la conservation de la capacité de transport long terme à la transition entre gorges et plaines alluviales est généralement réalisée par le passage à un système en tresse. Nous identifions aussi la variabilité des débits comme facteur dominant de la capacité de transport long terme comparé à l'effet de la végétation riparienne. Avec l'approche numérique, nous utilisons Eros qui est composé 1. d'un modèle hydrodynamique 2D, 2. d'un modèle de transport/dépôt de sédiments et 3. de modèles gérant les flux latéraux d'érosion et de dépôt. La combinaison de ces éléments permet l'émergence de diverses géométries de rivières alluviales (droites/sinueuses ou en tresses) en fonction des forçages externes qu'elles subissent (débit d'eau, flux sédimentaires). L'application d'Eros à des cas naturels a nécessité la validation et la calibration de ses paramètres principaux à l'aide: 1. de solutions analytiques et 2. de la reproduction morphodynamique de systèmes naturels, tel que l'évolution de la rivière Poerua en Nouvelle Zélande suite au glissement de terrain du Mont Adams. Dans la partie aval du bassin, les simulations numériques démontrent les capacités du modèle 1) à prédire efficacement l'évolution de plaines alluviales soumises à plusieurs scénario d'apports sédimentaires massifs et 2) à générer des cartes de risques probabilistes. Dans la partie amont du bassin, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle clef de la réduction dynamique de largeur des rivières par rapport à la largeur de la gorge fluviatile, sur l'accélération de l'évacuation des sédiments issus des glissements de terrain. Une loi unique caractérisant les temps d'export d'une distribution de glissements de terrain peut être définie en fonction du rapport entre volume de sédiment et capacité de transport initiale de la rivière, permettant ainsi d'estimer leur temps de résidence moyen à 5-30 ans pour un scénario de séisme de Mw=8 beaucoup plus faibles que ceux estimés précédemment (~100 ans). L'approche numérique développée dans ce travail suggère que l'étude de la réponse des chaînes de montagnes à un forçage sismique fort ne peut être effectuée efficacement qu'avec un modèle 2D capable de prendre en compte les non-linéarités entre écoulements des rivières, leurs géométries et le transport sédimentaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent une meilleure caractérisation de la dynamique des paysages à l'échelle du cycle sismique et des aléas à court termeIn mountainous areas, intermediate to large earthquakes (Mw > 6) systematically trigger a large number of landslides supplying the fluvial network with massive volumes of sediment. The progressive evacuation of the sediment out of the epicentral area alters river dynamics and may cause hydro-sedimentary hazards in alluvial plains (river avulsion, inundations, bank erosion, ...). The quantification of sediment transfers is critical to better understand landscape evolution on short timescales (i.e. hours to centuries) and improve hazard management in deposition areas. However, the factors controlling the coarse sediment transfers are still poorly known due to a lack of field measurements and adequate numerical models. The aim of this work is thus to study, via numerical modeling, the parameters influencing landslides evacuation, the transport capacity variations at the gorge/alluvial plain transition and the short-term dynamics and hazards of alluvial fans. This work is set up in the context of the West Coast of New Zealand (NZ) which presents a 50% probability to experience a magnitude 8 earthquake in the next 50 years. This problematic has been addressed analytically and via a numerical approach. Using the analytical approach, we demonstrate that the conservation of long-term transport capacity at the bedrock gorge and alluvial plain transition usually implies the channel narrowing in the alluvial part that is generally realized by a transition to a braided system. We identify discharge variability as the dominant factor of alluvial river long term transport capacity compared to riparian vegetation. To explore the role of channel self-organization on coarse sediment transport, we use Eros, a 2D morphodynamic model able to simulate landscape evolution improved by a new 2D hydrodynamic model. Combined with a sediment transport/deposition model and lateral fluxes modeling (bank erosion and transverse deposition), Eros allows for the emergence of diverse alluvial river regimes and geometries (e.g. straight/sinuous and braided channels) as a function of the external forcing experienced by the river (water and sediment fluxes). The application of Eros on natural cases has required the validation and calibration of its principal parameters using analytical solutions and the morphodynamic reproduction of natural systems such as the evolution of the Poerua river in New Zealand following the Mount Adams landslide. In the downstream part of the catchment, the ensemble numerical simulations demonstrate Eros abilities to 1) efficiently predict the morphodynamic evolution of alluvial fans submitted to different scenarios of large sediment supplies and 2) generate probabilistic risk maps. In the upstream part, the results highlight the dominant role of dynamic river narrowing reducing export times of landslide-derived sediments. We define a new law characterizing export times as a function of landslide volume and pre-landslide transport capacity that predicts mean residence times for a M8 earthquake in a mountain range of 5-30 yr, much lower than previous estimations of ~ 100 yr. The numerical approach developed in this work suggests that the study of mountain ranges response to severe landslide disruption can only be addressed with a 2D model able to account for the non-linearities between river flow, channel geometry and sediment transport. The results allow for a better characterization of landscape dynamics at the scale of a seismic cycle and hydro-sedimentary hazards in the short term
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Smith, Martin Lancaster, and martin smith@anu edu au. "Towards a Geochronology for Long-term Landscape Evolution, Northwestern New South Wales." The Australian National University. Research School of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061026.141414.
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The study area extends from west of the Great Divide to the Broken Hill and Tibooburra regions of far western New South Wales, encompassing several important mining districts that not only include the famous Broken Hill lodes (Pb-Zn-Ag), but also Parkes (Cu-Au), Peak Hill (Au), Cobar (Cu-Au-Zn) and White Cliffs (opal). The area is generally semi-arid to arid undulating to flat terrain covered by sparse vegetation.
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During the Cretaceous, an extensive sea retreated across vast plains, with rivers draining from the south and east. After the uplift of the Great Divide associated with opening of the Tasman Sea in the Late Cretaceous, drainage swung to the west, cutting across the Darling River Lineament. The Murray-Darling Basin depression developed as a depocentre during the Paleogene. Climates also underwent dramatic change during the Cenozoic, from warm-humid to cooler, more seasonal climates, to the arid conditions prevalent today. Up until now, there has been very little temporal constraint on the development of this landscape over this time period. This study seeks to address the timing of various weathering and landscape evolution events in northwestern New South Wales.
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The application of various regolith dating methods was undertaken. Palaeomagnetic dating, clay δ18O dating, (U+Th)/He and U-Pb dating were all investigated. Palaeomagnetic and clay dating methods have been well established in Australian regolith studies for the last 30 years. More recently, (U+Th)/He dating has been successfully trialled both overseas and in Australia. U-Pb dating of regolith materials has not been undertaken. Each method dates different regolith forming processes and materials. Palaeomagnetic and clay dating were both successfully carried out for sites across northwestern New South Wales, providing a multi-technique approach to resolving the timing of weathering events. Although (U+Th)/He dating was unsuccessful, there is scope for further refinement of the technique, and its application to regolith dating. U-Pb dating was also unsuccessfully applied to late-stage anatase, which is a cement in many Australian silcretes.
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Results from this study indicate that the landscape evolution and weathering history of northwestern New South Wales dates back at least 60 million years, probably 100 million years, and perhaps even as far back as 180 million years. The results imply that northwestern New South Wales was continuously sub-aerially exposed for the last 100 Ma, indicating that marine sedimentation in the Murray-Darling and Eromanga-Surat Basins was separated by this exposed region. The ages also provide further evidence for episodic deep chemical weathering under certain climatic conditions across the region, and add to the data from across Australia for similar events. In particular, the palaeomagnetic ages, which cluster at ~60 ± 10 Ma and 15 ± 10 Ma, are recorded in other palaeomagnetic dating studies of Australian regolith. The clay ages are more continuous across the field area, but show older clays in the Eromanga Basin sediments at White Cliffs and Lightning Ridge, Eocene clays in the Cobar region, and Oligocene Miocene clays in the Broken Hill region, indicating progressively younger clay formation from east to west across northwestern New South Wales, in broad agreement with previously published clay weathering ages from around Australia.
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These weathering ages can be reconciled with reconstructions of Australian climates from previously published work, which show a cooling trend over the last 40 Ma, following an extended period of high mean annual temperatures in the Paleocene and Eocene. In conjunction with this cooling, total precipitation decreased, and rainfall became more seasonal. The weathering ages fall within periods of wetness (clay formation), the onset of seasonal climate (clay formation and palaeomagnetic weathering ages) and the initiation of aridity in the late Miocene (palaeomagnetic weathering ages).
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This study provides initial weathering ages for northwestern New South Wales, and, a broad geochronology for the development of the landscape of the region. Building on the results of this study, there is much scope for further geochronological work in the region.
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Courtland, Leah Michelle. "Deciphering Deposits: Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Numerical Modeling to Characterize the Emplacement Mechanisms and Associated Energetics of Scoria Cone Eruption and Construction." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4460.
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Our understanding of tephra depositional processes is significantly improved by high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data collected at Cerro Negro volcano, Nicaragua. The data reveal three depositional regimes: (1) a near-vent region on the cone itself, where 10 GPR radargrams collected on the western flank show quantifiable differences between facies formed from low energy normal Strombolian and higher energy violent Strombolian processes, indicating imaging of scoria cone deposits may be useful in distinguishing eruptive style in older cones where the proximal to distal tephra blanket has eroded away; (2) a proximal zone in which horizons identified in crosswind profiles collected at distances of 700 and 1,000 m from the vent exhibit Gaussian distributions with a high degree of statistical confidence, with tephra thickness decreasing exponentially downwind from the cone base (350 m) to ~ 1,200 m from the vent, and where particles fall from a height of less than ~2 km; and (3) a medial zone, in which particles fall from ~4 to 7 km and the deposit is thicker than expected based on thinning trends observed in the proximal zone of the deposit, indicating a transition from sedimentation dominated by fallout from plume margins to that dominated by fallout from the buoyant eruption cloud. Horizons identified in a crosswind profile at 1600 m from vent exhibit Gaussian distributions, again with high degrees of statistical confidence.
True diffusion coefficients are calculated from Gaussian fits of crosswind profiles and do not show any statistical variation between zones (2) and (3). Data display thinning trends that agree with the morphology predicted by the advection-diffusion equation to a high degree of statistical confidence, validating the use of this class of models in tephra forecasting.
One such model, the Tephra2 model, is reformulated for student use. A strategy is presented for utilizing this research-caliber model to introduce university undergraduates to key concepts in model literacy, encouraging students to develop a deeper understanding of the applicability and limitations of hazard models generally. For this purpose, the Tephra2 numerical model is implemented on the VHub.org website, a venture in cyberinfrastructure that brings together volcanological models and educational materials, and provides students with the ability to explore and execute sophisticated numerical models like Tephra2.
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McGinnis, Robert J. "Quantitative Analysis of Valley Stress Relief in the Genesis of Valley-Aligned Cave Master Conduits." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1535376461635573.
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Daniel, Evandro. "Análise do papel da morfologia e do uso do solo na gênese e na distribuição das feições erosivas na bacia do córrego Espraiado, São Pedro (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-25022013-104558/.
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Os fatores condicionantes antrópicos e morfométricos são determinantes na formação do escoamento pluvial, do manejo do solo e na concentração de fluxos e detritos. No município de São Pedro (SP) é notória a ocorrência desses processos, sendo classificado, segundo o mapa de erosão do Estado de São Paulo como de alta suscetibilidade. Desta forma, a bacia do córrego Espraiado, localizada neste município, foi selecionada com objetivo de analisar a gênese e a distribuição das feições erosivas a partir da influência dos parâmetros morfométricos (curvatura, declividade e hipsometria) e antrópicos numa escala evolutiva (1962, 1972, 2000 e 2006) e também numa análise integrada e quantitativa (feições erosivas, uso do solo e parâmetros morfométricos), por meio do cálculo dos seguintes índices: Concentração de Erosão (CE) e Potencial de Erosão (PE). O primeiro índice é a razão entre o número de células em cada classe afetadas pela erosão e o número total de células na bacia, enquanto o segundo índice é a razão entre o número de células em cada classe afetadas pela erosão e o número total de células na mesma classe. Nos mapas das feições erosivas, observou-se que a partir do cenário de 1962 até 2006 a área total das feições erosivas registrou uma redução, no qual a cabeceira das drenagens revelou o setor com maior ocorrência e concentração de feições. O mapa do uso do solo revelou que o aumento do percentual de mata, da área urbana consolidada e da silvicultura, e a redução do solo exposto e da pastagem tiveram um papel determinante para a diminuição das feições erosivas, embora a classe de área urbana consolidada tenha influenciado diretamente para o surgimento de novas feições e a evolução de outras. A análise integrada mostrou que a curvatura côncava, a declividade entre 20 e 40% e as classes de solo exposto e de pastagens foram as mais suscetíveis e que estão presente principalmente nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagens, setor que está associado a solos pouco espesso. Os índices também indicaram que mesmo as áreas com a presença de curvatura convexa ou retilínea e declividades entre 0 e 15% com baixos índices de PE mas com alterações antrópicas significativas, obtiveram aumento do potencial de ocorrência de feições erosivas, assim como, as classes de uso com baixo índice de PE quando associados aos parâmetros morfométricos de alto índice, propiciaram aumento da formação de feições erosivas.The anthropic and morphometric factors are significant in the formation of runoff, soil management and concentration flows and debris. In the São Pedro city (SP) is recognized to exist of these processes, being classified, according to the erosion map of São Paulo state as high susceptibility. Thus, the Espraiado basin, located in this city, was selected to analyze the genesis and distribution of erosional features by the influence of morphometric parameters (curvature, slope and elevation) and anthropic in the evolutionary scale (1962, 1972, 2000 and 2006) and also an integrated and quantitative analysis (erosional features, land use and morphometric parameters), by calculating the following index: Erosion Concentration (EC) and Erosion Potential (EP). The first index is the ratio of the number of cells in each class affected by the erosion areas to the total number of cells in the basin, while the second index is the ratio of the number of cells in each class affected by the areas of erosion to the total number of cells in the same class. In the erosional features maps, we observed from 1962 to 2006 scenario, that the total area of erosional features decrease, in which the head drainages revealed the sector with the highest occurrence and concentration of features. The land use map showed that the increase of the percentages of the forest, of the urban area consolidated and the forestry, and the reduction of exposed soil and pasture were the role played on the reducing the erosive features, although the class of urban area consolidated was directly influenced in the new features and developments of the others. The integrated analysis showed that the concave curvature, the slope between 20 and 40% and the classes of exposed soil and pasture were the most susceptible and are primarily in the headwaters, a sector that is associated with very thick soils. These areas of high concentration runoff flow and debris, with fragile lithology and have a PE high, is related to the presence of curvature concave, in profile and plant, and concentrated flows, as well as high slope that increases the erosive power of the flow, factors that are associated with the erosion formation. The index also indicated that even the areas with the presence of convex or straight curvatures, slopes between 0 and 15%, with low PE but with significant anthropogenic changes, obtained an increase of the potential occurrence of erosional features, as well as classes use with low PE when associated with morphometric parameters of high, caused an increase of erosional features.
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Mohammed, Abdel-Fattah Sayed Soliman. "Integrated Hydro-geomorphological Approach to Flash Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in Wadi Systems." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227604.
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Thomas, Franck. "Caractérisation des déformations récentes en Provence par une approche pluri-disciplinaire : apport de la géomorphologie quantitative et de la paléosismologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0095/document.
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Le sujet de ce travail est une analyse géomorphologique et tectonique pluri-échelle de la Provence, où des séismes historiques d'intensités majeures (VIII voire IX) ont été répertoriés durant les derniers siècles (par exemple à Lambesc, 1909). Si l'intensité des séismes historiques est relativement élevée en Provence, la région ne subit qu'une faible microsismicité, d'où la nécessité d'une approche tectonique, géomorphologique et paléosismologique pour y étudier les déformations récentes. Afin d'appréhender la morphogénèse grande longueur d'onde en Provence, nous avons évalué les taux de dénudation des massifs carbonatés de la région grâce à des mesures de concentrations en isotopes cosmogéniques 36Cl. Nous obtenons des taux de dénudation comparables entre les différents sites (de l'ordre de 20 à 60 mm/ka) et comparables aux études précédentes dans ce type de contextes, sauf pour le Grand Luberon et la montagne de Lure, qui s'érodent plus rapidement (jusqu'à 140 mm/ka). Cette approche a été appliquée à plus petite échelle sur le Petit Luberon, où nous comparons la dénudation de la surface sommitale à la dénudation moyennée sur plusieurs bassins versants de ses flancs sud et nord.Enfin, nous avons implémenté une approche pluri-disciplinaire à une échelle locale, associant cartographie haute-résolution, mesures de résistivités électriques, paléosismologie, granulométrie et datations afin d'obtenir une meilleure compréhension du comportement Quaternaire et Holocène d'un segment de faille localisé à Vinon-sur-Verdon. Notre analyse confirme de la déformation dans les 200 derniers milliers d'années sur ce contact mais démontre l'absence de déformation depuis 16000 ansThis manuscript deals with a multi-scale geomorphological and tectonic analysis of Provence, a region where large scale historical earthquakes (intensities of VIII or even IX) have been recorded during the last centuries (e.g. in Lambesc, 1909). If the intensity of historical earthquakes is relatively high in Provence, the region undergoes a weak microseismicity, hence the need for a tectonic, geomorphologic and paleoseismologic approach to understand the recent deformations.In order to evaluate the large-scale morphogenesis in Provence, we evaluated the denudation rates of the carbonate ranges of the region by measuring 36Cl cosmogenic isotope concentrations. We obtain comparable denudation rates between different sites (in the order of 20-60 mm/ka) and comparable to previous studies in this type of contexts (e.g. Ryb et al., 2014a, b), except for the Grand Luberon and the Lure mountain, which erode more quickly (up to 140 mm/ka). This approach was applied on a smaller scale by focusing on the Petit Luberon, where we compare the denudation of the summit surface to the denudation averaged over several watersheds on its southern and northern flanks.Finally, we implemented a multi-disciplinary approach on a local scale, associating high-resolution mapping, electrical resistivity measurements, paleoseismology, granulometry, 14C and OSL dating, in order to obtain a better understanding of Quaternary and Holocene behavior of a fault segment located in Vinon-sur-Verdon. Our analysis confirms that deformation occurred in the last 200 thousand years on this contact but demonstrates the absence of deformation in the last 16000 years
Books on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Mayer, Larry. Introduction to quantitative geomorphology: An exercise manual. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.
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Pande, Ravindra K. Quantitative geomorphology of a Himalayan drainage basin. Almora: Shree Almora Book Depot, 1990.
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Pike, Richard J. A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography: Supplement 1.0. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.
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Pike, Richard J. A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography: Supplement 3.0. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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Quantitative modeling of earth surface processes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Pike, Richard J. Quantitative characterization of micro-topography: A bibliography of industrial surface metrology. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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Webb, Helen Faith. A qualitative and quantitative study of the distribution of pelagic sediment in the Atlantic Basin. [Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering], 1997.
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Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya. Deep Crustal Structure of the Son-Narmada-Tapti Lineament, Central India. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya. Deep crustal structure of the Son-Narmada-Tapti Lineament, central India. Berlin: Springer, 2012.
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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography: Supplement 2.0. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Jain, Vikrant, Shantamoy Guha, and B. S. Daya Sagar. "Quantitative Geomorphology." In Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_27-1.
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Blondel, Philippe. "Quantitative Analyses of Morphological Data." In Submarine Geomorphology, 63–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57852-1_5.
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Willgoose, Garry R., Gregory R. Hancock, and George Kuczera. "A Framework for the Quantitative Testing of Landform Evolution Models." In Prediction in Geomorphology, 195–216. Washington, D. C: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/135gm14.
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Shugar, Dan H., John J. Clague, and Marco Giardino. "A Quantitative Assessment of the Sedimentology and Geomorphology of Rock Avalanche Deposits." In Landslide Science and Practice, 321–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31337-0_41.
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Karymbalis, E., Ch Chalkias, M. Ferentinou, and A. Maistrali. "Flood hazard evaluation in small catchments based on quantitative geomorphology and GIS modeling: The case of Diakoniaris torrent (W. Peloponnese, Greece)." In Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment, 137–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19902-8_15.
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"quantitative geomorphology." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1063. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_170024.
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Benito, G., and J. E. O'Connor. "9.24 Quantitative Paleoflood Hydrology." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 459–74. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00250-5.
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Baas, A. C. W. "2.1 Quantitative Modeling of Geomorphology." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 1–5. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00023-3.
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Temme, A. J. A. M., J. M. Schoorl, L. Claessens, and A. Veldkamp. "2.13 Quantitative Modeling of Landscape Evolution." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 180–200. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00039-7.
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Minár, J., I. S. Evans, and J. Krcho. "14.3 Geomorphometry: Quantitative Land-Surface Analysis." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 22–34. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00370-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Morgan, E., B. McAdoo, L. G. Baise, and D. J. DeGroot. "Quantitative Seafloor Geomorphology and Offshore Geohazards." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/18736-ms.
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Cheng, Yin, and Wang Zhiguo. "Quantitative seismic geomorphology of channel reservoir of the Laizhouwan sag." In Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, edited by Huimin Hao and Jie Zhang. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.4704993.
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Aden, Douglas. "Quantitative Comparison of Sinkhole Geomorphology of Four Karst Regions in Ohio." In National Cave and Karst Research Institute Symposium 7. National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/9780991000982.1021.
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JIN, QIANG, and MARGERY F. OVERTON. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF COASTAL DUNE EROSION BASED ON GEOMORPHOLOGY FEATURES AND MODEL SIMULATION." In The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0138.
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Thompson Jobe, Jessica A., Ryan D. Gold, Richard W. Briggs, and Jaime Delano. "USING QUANTITATIVE GEOMORPHOLOGY TO ASSESS QUATERNARY FAULTING ON CROWLEY’S RIDGE, NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE, ARKANSAS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322846.
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Read, R. S. Rod, and Moness Rizkalla. "Bridging the Gap Between Qualitative, Semi-Quantitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment of Pipeline Geohazards: The Role of Engineering Judgment." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8523.
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Geohazards are threats of a geological, geotechnical, hydrological or seismic/tectonic nature that can potentially damage pipelines and other infrastructure. Depending on the physiographic setting of a particular pipeline, a broad range of geohazards may be possible along the pipeline route. However, only a limited number of geohazards such as landslides, fault displacement, mining-induced subsidence, liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, and hydrological scour, which can result in permanent ground deformation or exposure of the pipeline to direct impact, typically represent credible threats to pipeline integrity. Identifying potential geohazard occurrences and estimating the likely severity of each occurrence in relation to pipeline integrity is an integral part of geohazard management, and overall risk management of pipelines. Methods for identifying and assessing the potential likelihood and severity of geohazards vary significantly, from purely expert judgment-based approaches relying largely on visual observations of geomorphology to analytically-intense methods incorporating phenomenological or mechanistic models and data from monitoring and field characterization. Each of these methods can be used to assess hazard and risk associated with specific geohazards in terms of qualitative, semi-quantitative, or quantitative expressions as long as uncertainty and assumptions are understood and communicated as part of the assessment. Engineering judgment is highlighted as an essential component to varying degrees of each geohazard assessment approach.
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Rizkalla, Moness, and R. S. (Rod) Read. "Overview of Pipeline Geohazard Assessment Approaches and Strategies." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1950.
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Undertaking a systematic pipeline geohazard assessment may be driven by the design and regulatory permitting needs for proposed new pipelines or as an input to the integrity management of operating pipeline assets. Yet the leading international pipeline codes do not provide explicit direction on undertaking such assessments, rather providing considerable latitude in the guidance to do so which in turn provides several options. The methods for identifying and assessing the potential likelihood and severity of geohazards vary significantly, from purely expert judgment-based approaches relying largely on visual observations of geomorphology to analytically-intensive methods incorporating phenomenological and/or mechanistic models and route, pipeline properties and, where applicable, operational monitoring data. Each of these methods can be used to assess hazard and risk associated with specific geohazards in terms of qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative approaches provided that associated underlying assumptions are clearly understood. Some of these methods are better suited to provide a continuous contiguous geohazard risk assessment for a pipeline system while others are better suited for localized site-specific risk assessments. Following a brief review of pipeline codes, this paper provides an overview of the range of pipeline geohazard assessment approaches and explores the “fitness for purpose” strategy that allows for continuing improvement during design stages and into operations.
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Guruge, S. P. P. G. D. K., and W. De Silva. "The Visual characteristics of railside landscape for tourists’ satisfaction." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.14.
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Moving Landscape Aesthetic Quality (MLAQ) has been a topic that had taken less attention from the researchers. Though a great effort is given to interpret the aesthetic quality of the landscape, the tourists’ preference for the moving journey has not been much talked about. The objective of this research is to study the Independent and interdependent moving Railside landscape character through landscape indicators, which is found by considering the tourist satisfaction. This paper gives important information on human landscape preference (perception) which will add value to the moving railway landscape. The study is based on seven landscape indicators (coherence, disturbance, complexity, mystery, naturalness, Imageability, and visual scale). Colombo Fort to Badulla railway landscape experience is investigated with a sample of thirty participants. Data was collected based on an online questionnaire survey with quantitative and qualitative data. Six case studies were selected for the survey by analyzing the overall result of the areas by considering the geomorphology and the spatial character of the landscape. Findings revealed that the moving landscape character of the railway journey inspires the tourist satisfaction.
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Kang, Bo, and Xinong Xie. "Geomorphology backstripping: a numerical approach for quantitatively reconstructing the paleo-geomorphy in passive margins and deltaic basins." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0576.1.
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Nottoli, Emmanuelle, Philippe Bienvenu, Didier Bourlès, Alexandre Labet, Maurice Arnold, and Maité Bertaux. "Determination of Long-Lived Radionuclide (10Be, 41Ca, 129I) Concentrations in Nuclear Waste by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96054.
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Radiological characterization of nuclear waste is essential for storage sites management. However, most of Long-Lived RadioNuclides (LLRN), important for long-term management, are difficult to measure since concentration levels are very low and waste matrices generally complex. In an industrial approach, LLRN concentrations are not directly measured in waste samples but assessed from scaling factors with respect to easily measured gamma emitters. Ideally, the key nuclide chosen (60Co, 137Cs) should be produced by a similar mechanism (fission or activation) as the LLRN of interest and should have similar physicochemical properties. However, the uncertainty on the scaling factors, determined from experimental and/or calculation data, can be quite important. Consequently, studies are performed to develop analytical procedures which would lead to determine precisely the concentration of LLRN in nuclear waste. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of three LLRN: 129I (T1/2 = 15.7×106 a), 41Ca (T1/2 = 9.94×104 a) and 10Be (T1/2 = 1.387×106 a) in spent resins used for primary fluid purification in Pressurized Water Reactors using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for measurement. The AMS technique combined mass spectrometry and nuclear physics to achieve highly efficient molecular and elemental isobars separation. Energies of several Million Electron-Volt transferred to the ions in the first accelerating part of specifically developed tandem accelerators lead to molecular isobars destruction through interaction with the argon gas used to strip the injected negative ions to positive ones. At the exit of the tandem accelerator, the energy acquired in both accelerating parts allows an elemental isobars separation based on their significantly different energy loss (dE) while passing through a thickness of matter dx that is proportional to their atomic number (Z) and inversely proportional to ions velocity (ν) according to the Bethe-Block law (1). (1)dEdx=k*Z2ν2 The use of a particle accelerator in conjunction with a selective ion source, mass and energy filters and a high-performance detector thus allow unambiguously identifying and measuring analyte concentration against much more abundant interfering isobars. The development of AMS and of related applications have recently been extensively reviewed [1–3]. Up to now, the potentialities of the accelerator mass spectrometry technique were explored for the measurement of cosmogenic radionuclides produced in the Earth’s environment either in the atmosphere or in the Earth’s crust (in situ-production). Many applications aiming to date and/or quantify Earth surface processes have been developed in the fields of geology, geomorphology and planetary sciences as well as archeology paleoanthropology and biomedicine. The present study extends the scope of AMS to nuclear industry. Because AMS facilities are not widely accessible and difficult to handle, LLRN concentrations in nuclear waste are usually determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and radiometric techniques. However for the measurement of very low LLRN concentrations, AMS becomes the most effective measurement method with detection limits of 105–106 atoms per sample. In this study, AMS measurements were performed using the French AMS national facility ASTER located at the Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement (CEREGE). The challenge was to define a chemical treatment procedure allowing the measurement of the three nuclides, 10Be, 41Ca and 129I, by AMS. Each method selection was based on three main requirements: 1) a quantitative recovery in solution of Be, Ca, I and key radionuclides after resin mineralization, 2) a selective extraction from the sample matrix and the separation from β-γ emitters (3H, 14C, 55Fe, 59Ni, 60Co, 63Ni, 90Sr, 125Sb, 134Cs, 137Cs) and isobars, 3) the precipitation of each element under the best suited forms (i.e. AgI, CaF2, BeO) for AMS measurements. The chosen methods were optimized on synthetic solutions and finally applied for the determination of the three LLRN concentrations in spent resins from a 900 MWe Nuclear Power Reactor.
Reports on the topic "Quantitative Geomorphology"
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Jordan, Thomas H. ONR/NORDA Workshop on Terrain Analysis and Quantitative Geomorphology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210464.
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