Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantification par RMN 1H'
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Palu, Doreen. "Etude de la composition chimique d’extraits d’Ilex aquifolium Linné et de Calicotome villosa (Poiret) Link de Corse par RMN du carbone-13." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0018.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine chemical composition of wild growing corsican understudied plant species, with potential biological activities. This study was realized using the computerized NMR method developed over the past thirty years by the University of Corsica “Chimie et Biomasse” group, UMR CNRS “Sciences Pour l’environnement”. Identified secondary metabolites were then undertaken to evaluate their antimicrobial properties. As part of this study, we selected on the first place commun holly (Ilex aquifolium L.). After two successive column chromatography, hexane and dichloromethane leaves crude extracts and all chromatography fractions were analyzed by 13C NMR (GC(RI) and GC-MS sometimes) to allow the identification of eleven triterpens and α- and β-amyrin esters. Among identified compounds, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were also quantified by 1H NMR in the dichloromethane crude extract using a reliable method developped and validated (accuracy, linearity precision of measurements). Ursolic acid accounted for 55.3% of the extract, followed by oleanolic acid, 20.8%. Evaluation of previous identified compounds antimicrobial activities has been performed in collaboration with « Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal » group (University of Corsica). Triterpen acids and chloramphenicol (reference antibiotic) displayed similar antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus (MIC = 4 and 8 mg.L-1 vs. 2 and 4 mg.L-1). Moreover, dichloromethane and dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (50/50, v/v) berries extracts were submitted to successive column chromatography. Crude extracts and chromatography fractions 13C NMR spectra revealed presence of nine triterpens previously identidied, five phenolics derivatives, six monosaccharides and four lactones (menisdaurilide, aquilegiolide, dasycarponilide and 7-epi-griffonilide) were first time identified in berries holly extracts. On the second place, we determined chemical compositions of Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link flowers and root extracts. 13C NMR analysis of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate flowers extracts and their chromatography fractions, allowed the identification of three flavonoids, five glycosyl flavonoids and four phenylpropanoids. We also studied chemical composition of a methanol root extract which has never been submitted to any chemical composition study. After successive column chromatography, eighteen compounds were identified by 13C NMR including sterols, flavonoids, a polyphenol and pterocarpans
Cuny, Marion. "Authenticite des produits agroalimentaires par spectroscopie rmn 1h et outils chimiometriques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003745.
Full textCuny, Marion. "Authenticité des produits agroalimentaires par spectroscopie RMN 1H et outils chimiométriques." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0017.
Full text1H NMR spectroscopy is widely used as an analytical method in different sectors. Its number of applications in the area of food and beverage authenticity is growing. However, the multivariate analysis of the type of data obtained from an NMR spectrum is still not as developed as in Near Infrared spectroscopy. In this work, different chemometric methods have been applied to 1H NMR data in order to assess the potential of the combined techniques to authenticate food and beverages. First, we have demonstrated that Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was better adapted to the analysis of a 1H NMR spectrum than the commonly used Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Indeed, by its very nature, ICA aims at recovering pure sources from mixed signals. Applied to the spectra, it was shown that it is possible to extract certain component signals, such as the naringin signal from the spectra of a mixture of orange and grapefruit juices. Different pre-treatments were then tested. Data warping has been found to be useful when the data shows variation in chemical shifts. In addition, as the data also varied considerably in intensity along the spectrum, a logarithmic transformation was performed to produce unbiased results when using other chemometric tools such as PCA and ICA. Finally, different approaches were investigated to select variables in the spectrum. The first approach was based on criteria related to the variables themselves, such as the total variance and covariance in the Clustering of Variables (CLV) function. The second type of method involved the selection of contiguous variables to take into account the relation between variables in a signal. Interval_PLS (iPLS) was used as a reference to compare other more recently developed methods: Evolving Windows Zone Selection and Interval-PLS_Cluster. The variable selection techniques used were to highlight known authenticity markers of orange and grapefruit juices: flavonoids hesperidin and naringin that are measured in the standard HPLC method IFU 58. In the case of the balsamic vinegar dataset, the selected zones contained the signal of compounds linked to the product's aging process that differentiate traditional balsamic vinegar from its cheaper, more commonly used counterpart. In the example based on different types of yoghurts, the variable selection procedures focused on 6 certain aroma compounds and solvents used as flavour carriers. These were used to differentiate the type of yoghurts: flavoured, with fruit, with pulp and at different concentrations. Through these different applications, this study has shown the importance of using appropriate tools for spectral analysis tools that take into account the specificity of 1H NMR spectroscopy compared to other spectroscopic methods: variation in intensities along the spectrum, the size of the dataset, and redundant information
Gasmi, Geneviève. "Developpement de nouvelles sequences d'impulsions en rmn : etude du nosiheptide (antibiotique cyclopeptidique) par rmn 1h, 13c, 15n." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMP204.
Full textGougeon, Louis. "Application de la métabolomique par spectroscopie RMN 1H à l'authentification des vins." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0052/document.
Full textIn a globalized market where 40% of the wine consumed is imported, traceability control is a major challenge for the wine industry. Wine authentication is the process that can use different analytical methods able to control three fundamental parameters: geographical origin, grape variety and vintage. Quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) is now considered as a very promising tool for studying wine authenticity. During this thesis, a technique was developed for the determination of 40 major wine compounds by 1H NMR. It allows the acquisition of rich and complex information in a single non-specific analysis. The ability of this technique to authenticate a wine has been demonstrated following a collaboration with Château Mouton-Rothschild, by comparison with official analyses carried out by the DGDDI and DGCCRF of Pessac (SCL).The determination of a compliance threshold has been established by taking into account the natural evolution of bottled wines. A characterization study of Bordeaux red wines was carried out. The singularity of these wines was observed in comparison with other French wines, highlighting the characteristic metabolites of Bordeaux wines. The results provide a global description of the potential of 1H NMR for wine authentication
Bailac, Laura. "Composés organiques fluorés : Étude par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F} et calculs DFT." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES008.
Full textFor more than 40 years, fluorinated compounds have become increasingly important in the field of pharmaceutical, food chemistry and polymers. The knowledge of the 3D structure of those compounds can be of great importance especially in the case of molecule interaction studies. NMR is the most powerful method for the structural characterization of synthetic and natural compounds. Moreover, fluorine 19 owns remarkable magnetic properties which make it an interesting probe for the structural characterization of fluorinated organic compounds by NMR. During this project, a thorough structural study of fluorinated compounds by NMR and DFT has been realized. Recent NMR experiments, using selective pulses and encoding gradient such as the 1D Pure Shift and 2D G-SERF experiments, helped extract very accurate spectroscopic data such as chemical shifts and homo- and heteronuclear scalar coupling constants. Those spectroscopic data have been then completed by structural data such as internuclear distances and dihedral angles obtained by DFT geometry optimization of those compounds. In the second part of this work, the data obtained by NMR were used to develop a DFT computational model using a benchmark to predict, from the 3D structure, the heteronuclear coupling constants nJHF. This model also allows to determine the different contributions composing the scalar coupling. The access to each contribution's weight for a given coupling allows a better understanding of the mechanism of coupling's transmission, in particular in the case of long distance scalar couplings
COMBOURIEU, BRUNO. "Etude par rmn 1h in situ de la degradation d'heterocycles azotes de type morpholine par des mycobacteries." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22111.
Full textLEVY, PIERRE-JEAN. "Caracterisation des catalyseurs rhodium-zeolithes par thermoreactions programmees, rmn-#1h et rmn6#1#2#9xe." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066312.
Full textDECAGNY, BENOIT. "Etude par spectroscopie rmn #1h et #1#3c d'une reaction d'esterification catalysee par une lipase : role particulier de l'eau." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0104.
Full textLecachey, Baptiste. "Etudes structurales d’agrégats mixtes organolithiés par RMN multinoyaux 1H, 6Li, 13C. : Applications en additions nucléophiles énantiosélectives." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES012.
Full textThree NMR studies of characterization of mixed aggregates in solution were conducted during this work. Complex MeLi / LiCl: The so-called “low halide” solutions of methyllithium, contain 2 to 5% molar of lithium chloride. This salt exerts a strong influence on many enantioselective processes; it was thus essential to determine how it interacts with MeLi in THF at low temperature. The single formation of trimer [(MeLi)(LiCl)2], in equilibrium with MeLi and LiCl tetramers in THF, is evidenced. This aggregation contrasts with the cubic tetramers known for MeLi / LiBr and MeLi / LiI. Complex LiCl / o-TolCH(Me)OLi: In the enantioselective condensation of MeLi on the o-tolualdehyde in the presence of a chiral lithium amide derived from a 3-aminopyrrolidine (3AP-Li), the lithium alkoxide (Al-Li) formed impounds the ligand, and thus limits the induction. The addition of lithium chloride together with the aldehyde on the complex 3AP-Li / MeLi allowed to trap the alkoxide forming a cubic aggregate incorporating one LiCl and three Al-Li. This procedure give access to a version of the 1,2 addition in which substoichiometric amount of chiral ligand (33% mol) can be used. Complexes 3AP-Li / lithium enolate: The 1,4 enantioselective nucleophilic addition of lithium enolates (En-Li) on tert-butyl crotonate in the presence of 3AP-Li led to e. E. ’s up to 76%. The complexes formed between 3AP-Li and En-Li are described here. With a 1 to 1 stoichiometry in THF, they are comparable to those formed between 3AP-Li and alkyllithium
Sarazin, Catherine. "Étude par RMN 1H et 13C de réactions enzymatiques catalysées par la cutinase de Fusarium solani, en milieu non conventionnel." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD555.
Full textCraescu, Constantin. "Etude par 1H RMN à haute résolution de la structure et de la dynamique des hémoglobines humaines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604108c.
Full textPate, Franck. "Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H / 6Li / 13C / 15N et calculs DFT." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158084.
Full textagrégats mixtes avec les alkyllithiens (3APLi : AlkLi) parfaitement caractérisés en
solution. L'étude de ces agrégats, d'une part par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire
multinoyaux (RMN 1H/6Li/13C/15N), d'autre part par modélisation moléculaire, a permis,
au cours de cette thèse, de :
- confirmer le pliage (type azanorbornyle) de l'amidure grâce au double
marquage à l'azote 15N de l'azote intracyclique et du lithium 6Li ;
- observer et quantifier l'affinité relative des 3-APLi's pour les halogénures de
lithium LiX (X = Br, Cl). Les résultats suggèrent que la formation des
agrégats mixtes 3-APLi : LiX est favorisée, aux dépends des complexes 3-
APLi : AlkLi. ;
- évaluer le degré et la capacité d'agrégation des 3-APLi's en présence d'un
mélange d'alkylithiens (MeLi + nBuLi).
Les analyses et observations effectuées sont pour l'essentiel en accord avec les résultats
expérimentaux de synthèse asymétrique et permettent de justifier des variations d'excès
énantiomériques observées.
Paté, Franck. "Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H/6Li/13C/15N et calculs DFT." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES017.
Full textChiral 3-aminopyrrolidine lithium amides (3APLi) form mixed aggregates with alkyllithium compounds (3APLi : AlkLi) that have been fully characterized in solution. A multinuclear (1H/6Li/13C/15N) low-temperature NMR study and a set of Density Functional Theory calculations were performed during this thesis showing that : lithium chelation forces the 3APLi to adopt a norbornyle-like conformation, a point fully confirmed by a double labeling experiment (15N intracyclic nitrogen and 6Li amide and methyllithium); lithium halides LiX (X = Br, Cl) tend to form very robust 3-APLi : LiX mixed complexes, it has been found that methyllithium is rapidly, totally and irreversibly chased out of the 3APLi : AlkLi mixed aggregate when a lithium halide is added to the medium; 3APLi aggregate indifferently with two different alkyllithiums as demonstrated with a MeLi and nBuLi mixture. Those analysis and observations are in good overall agreement with the most chemical observations and e. E. Variations observed at the bench level
Lassoued, Abdessalem. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs solides par fluorescence induite par laser." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066447.
Full textLagoueyte, Catherine. "Influence du pH sur l'interaction de la cystéamine avec des systèmes membranaires modèles : Etude par RMN 15N et 1H." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13517.
Full textQuoineaud, Anne-Agathe. "Caractérisation et quantification de l'aluminium dans les zéolithes désaluminées par RMN haute-résolution à l'état solide." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2049.
Full textStout, Jacques. "Spectroscopie et Imagerie RMN multi-noyaux à très haut champ magnétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS312/document.
Full textBipolar disorder is a chronic affective disorder affecting 1 to 3% of the adult population worldwide and has a high level of comorbidity with suicide rates, substance abuse and other harmful conditions. The disorder has possible ties to schizophrenia and has been observed to have a strong genetic component. The exact biological underpinnings have not been firmly established, however abnormalities in limbic subcortical and prefrontal areas have been observed.Ever since its discovery more than half a century ago, a daily intake of Lithium salts has arguably become the most reliable treatment of the disorder, despite us possessing little to no understanding of its biochemical action. In order to shed some light on the effect of Lithium in the brain, we have developed Lithium-7 MR imaging at 7 and 17 Tesla in order to assess its cerebral concentration and distribution. Specifically, I worked on developing and validating several acquisition, reconstruction and quantification methods dedicated to 7Li MRI and MRS. Those methods were first applied to study ex vivo the cerebral distribution of lithium in rats. These rats were pretreated for 28 days with Li2CO3, sacrificed and their head fixated with PFA. Using a home-made 1H/7Li radiofrequency surface coil and a 7Li Turbo Spin echo acquisition and a modified phantom replacement method for quantification, we were able to measure Li concentration maps. Regional Li concentration values were then compared with those obtained with mass spectrometry.After this preclinical proof-of-concept study, an in vivo 7Li MRI protocol was designed to map the cerebral Li concentration in euthymic bipolar subjects at 7T. These individuals all followed a regular lithium treatment. For this study, we chose to use an ultra-short echo-time Steady State Free Precession sequence with non-Cartesian k-space sampling. A quantification and analysis pipeline similar to the one used for our preclinical study was applied for this study, with the addition of a correction step for B0 inhomogeneities. After conducting a statistical analysis at the cohort level, it was assessed that the left hippocampus, a major part of the limbic system that has been associated with BD on multiple occasions, exhibited systematically a high level of lithium. Finally, I developed a quantification method accounting for the different relaxation times of 7Li in the CSF and in the brain parenchyma. This method was applied to image lithium at 7T in a subset of bipolar patients reducing drastically the differences initially observed between the SSFP and bSSFP sequences
Lalande, Julie. "Biomarqueurs prédictifs de la maladie d'Alzheimer dans un modèle de souris : approche métabolomique par spectroscopies RMN et études comportementales." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30121.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder that causes a progressive decline in cognitive functions. Current treatments are only symptomatic. So, there is an urgent need for diagnostic tools able to detect AD prior to the onset of signs of cognitive impairment. A metabolomic study by 1H NMR was first carried out on five brain regions of control (Tg-) or amyloidopathy-developing mice (Tg+) aged 1 to 11 months to characterize the metabolic alterations linked to the development of AD. The hippocampus (Hipp) is metabolically affected early during the progression of AD. Taurine (Tau) and creatine (Cr), two neuroprotective and osmoregulatory metabolites, increase in the Hipp of Tg+ from the age of 6 months. 1H SRM and NMR were then coupled to analyze the Hipp of young mice treated with clioquinol (CQ). CQ increases the formation of Tau and Cr before the first signs of cognitive decline. Finally, behavioral tests were performed on 13 month-old mice in an enriched environment (EE) or treated by CQ. The metabolic profiles were analyzed by 1H NMR. The EE and CQ improved episodic memory of Tg+ when they were in a familiar environment. No metabolic difference between control and transgenic mice could be demonstrated in the Hipp. The statistical coupling of metabolomic and behavioral data showed that untreated-CQ and non-EE Tg+ mice developed disorders of episodic memory associated with higher Cr and Tau concentrations. Thus, an early EE or a late CQ treatment would improve cognitive functions even at an age when amyloid plaques have started to form
Gobet, Mallory. "Etude par spectroscopies de RMN 23Na , 31P et 1H : effets de la teneur en sel (NaCl) dans des matrices alimentaires." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS063.
Full textThe reduction of salt (NaCl) content in food has become a matter of public health. However, the multiple functions of salt in food make the reduction of its content difficult. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of NMR innovative techniques in order to characterise the mobility of sodium ions (distinction between ‘free’ and ‘bound’ sodium), to bring a better understanding of the role of salt in the organisation of the food matrix (in particular phosphorous molecules in dairy systems) and to study impact of salt on the mobility of aroma compounds. In a first step, the 23Na NMR study of iota-carrageenan gels validated the quantification of total sodium (Single-Quantum, SQ experiment) and also demonstrated the involvement of ‘bound’ sodium ions in the gelation process of this polysaccharide (Double-Quantum Filtered, DQF experiment). The diffusion of aroma compounds in these systems was measured by 1H DOSY NMR, but no specific impact of salt was evidenced. The second step was dedicated to study dairy systems and semi-hard cheeses by 23Na NMR and solid-state 31P NMR using the magic angle spinning (MAS) technique. We demonstrated the feasibility of 23Na NMR methods for the quantification of total sodium and the characterisation of Na motional state (presence of ‘bound’ ions) in these systems. 31P MAS NMR (simple pulse excitation, SPE and cross-polarisation, CP) enabled the identification of different phosphorous compounds (inorganic phosphate, colloidal calcium phosphate, phosphoserins), the determination of their proportions and also permitted to determine the involvement of these phosphorous compounds in the protein network of coagulated systems. With these results, we achieved to identify the parameters of composition (or processing) influencing the dynamics of sodium ions in real cheeses. We also determined the distribution of phosphorous compounds, in particular inorganic phosphate, in these cheeses. This work demonstrates that these 23Na and 31P NMR innovative techniques are perfectly applicable to real food and can help to adjust the manufacturing process of cheeses in order to optimise their sensory and functional properties
Habermacher, David. "Etude comparative des echanges 1h/ 2h entre divers catalyseurs acides solides et l'isobutane - dosage des sites acides de par rmn." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13108.
Full textFlament, Julien. "Développement de l'imagerie RMN par agents CEST : application à un modèle rongeur de tumeur cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720031.
Full textAMM, MICHEL. "Etude structurale et analyse conformationnelle par rmn #1h, #1#3c, #1#5n de nouveaux agents modulateurs de la resistance multi-drogues." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066301.
Full textMartinez, Éric. "Etudes par rmn multinoyaux (1h, 19f, 27a1, 31p) de l'aluminium complexe avec l'adp et le fluor (relation avec l'inhibition de la calcium-atpase par les fluorometaux)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10232.
Full textNadal-Desbarats, Lydie. "Etude par spectrometrie rmn haute resolution 1h et 31p des lipides circulants et tissulaires dans les cancers (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN1B023.
Full textAdem, Ziad. "Etude de la diffusion des hydrocarbures dans des matériaux à porosité contrôlée par RMN à gradients de champs pulsés (PFG)." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066001.
Full textBoulant, Anthony. "Contribution à la caractérisation de poudres micro et nanostructurées de Li0,3La0,57 0,13TiO3 par RMN 1H et 7Li : importance de l'échange ionique Li+/H+." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1019.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents properties studies of nano and microstructurated powder Li0,3La0,57TiO3 (LLTO) against ambient air, using X Ray Diffraction, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, Infra Red spectroscopy, 1H and 7Li NMR. Studies have evidenced the instability of LLTO sample toward water leading to ionic exchange Li+/H+. In aqueous solution, lithium ions come out from perovskite structure and are replaced by protons come from water dissociation. Nanostructured LLTO powder with Pechini way of synthesis allows to exhibit, quickly than for microstructurated sample, presence of such exchanged proton sites in sample after synthesis, proving its reactivity. Dynamical studies throught spin lattice relaxation time measurements of the 7Li and 1H nuclei also bring a deeper insight on the surface/volume relation in nanomaterials. Aged sample study with ambient air show that this instability toward water leads to formation of lithium carbonate with carbon dioxide from air. An thermal treatment at 400°C during 2 hours let the initial LLTO sample formation again, demonstrating the reversibility of aging process. All Li+/H+ exchangeable phases, which LLTO belongs, offer an important way of application for CO2 storage
MATHERON, CHRISTELLE. "Etude du metabolisme azote et carbone de fibrobacter succinogenes, bacterie cellulolytique du rumen, par rmn #1h, #1#3c, #3#1p et #2#3na." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF21942.
Full textCazor, Anne. "Etude des solutions obtenues par traitement thermique en phase aqueuse de tissus végétaux (racines de Daucus carota L. ) ou animaux (tissus musculaires, M. Pectoralis major, Gallus domesticus) : recherche des mécanismes responsables de la constitution de ces solutions (<>) par spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire quantitative du proton (q 1H RMN) et par électrophorèse (SDS-PAGE) : analyse des modifications microstructurales ou chimiques des tissus traités et suivi cinétique des transferts des principales molécules sapides (sucres, protéines, acides aminés et acides organiques)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066095.
Full textChéchin, David. "Construction d'un modèle et d'une méthode de filtrage de signaux de RMN par une approche probabiliste : Applications à la spectroscopie proton 1H simple volume." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2040.
Full textRosset, Isac George. "Produção de biodiesel empregando biocatálise via reações de esterificação e transesterificação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-19052011-110440/.
Full textIn this work, it was prepared esters of the fatty acid by esterification of the oleic acid and transesterification of the soy oil through enzymatic catalysis. It was determined the composition of the products obtained by 1H NMR and GC-FID. The standards of esters of the oleic acid by acid esterification was prepared employing sulfuric acid, the standards of esters of the soy oil by alkaline transesterification with sodium hydroxide and the standard of the oleic triester was synthesized employing p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. The best enzyme for those reactions was determined through reactions of esterification of the oleic acid and transesterification of the soy oil with ethanol and free co-solvents, and lipase from Candida antarctica was selected. The same enzyme was employed in the enzymatic esterifications of the oleic acid with various alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol), in the enzymatic transesterification of soy oil and the oleic triester with ethanol. In both studies, was assessed the factors that influence the reactions: amount of catalyst, reaction time, water added in the alcohol and the turnover of biocatalyst. In the enzymatic esterification of the oleic acid, the ethanol showed the better yield (96,5%) with 5,0% (m/m) of enzyme at 24 hours of reaction. When 4,0% of water was added to the alcohol, the methanol showed the high efficiency (98,5%) and the yield with another alcohols were not affected. It was also possible to use the enzyme for 10 cycles without lose yield, except for the methanol. In the enzymatic transesterification of the soy oil, the same factors were assessed using 5,0% of enzyme, after 24 hours, a yield of 84,1% was obtained and with the water addition the yield was not modified (83%). On the transesterification, 1H NMR and GC-FID were compared and a great difference was observed for low yields, but on high yields, the difference between methods was small. Monoglycerides and diglycerides were quantified by GC-FID and detected by 1H NMR, it was possible to calculate the ratio between them on the products formed through an equation developed and the difference for this type of analysis was small, only 1.4% . The enzymatic transesterification of the oleic triester was obtained with good yield (90,4%) and a small amount of the monoglycerides and diglycerides was produced. In all the transesterifications reactions, glycerol was not detected after washing mixture of products. The methodology employing Candida antarctica lipase was efficient for biodiesel production by soybean oil and oleic acid with different alcohols.
Scalabre, Aurélien. "Étude clinique des modifications du profil métabolique urinaire secondaires à une anomalie congénitale de l’écoulement des urines par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire et analyse métabolomique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1272/document.
Full textThe prenatal finding of unilateral Urinary Tract Dilatation (UTD) can be transient or represent a significant urinary flow impairment that would lead to progressive deterioration of renal function. Identifying urinary biomarkers could help to differentiate uropathy requiring surgical management from transient dilatation at an early stage.Metabolic phenotyping studies provide untargeted quantification of all detectable low molecular-weight molecules by profiling without any a priori the metabolic signatures of biological samples in connection to physiopathological events.The main objective of this study is to identify diagnosis and prognosis urinary markers for uropathy in newborns with prenatally diagnosed unilateral UTD using 1H-NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses.A total of 70 newborns with unilateral UTD and 90 controls were included in this prospective study. First, the usefulness of different ultrasound grading systems in predicting the need for surgical intervention is evaluated. Then, we report the absence of significant difference between the urinary metabolic profiles of newborns with UTD and controls. In thethird part, the influence of age, weight and height on the urinary metabolic profiles of healthy newborns is highlighted for the first time, and key-metabolites responsible for this evolution are identified. Finally, we demonstrate the influence of age on the urinary metabolic profiles of children with UTD. This work allows a deeper understanding of the metabolic maturation of healthy newborns. It contributes to identify potential confounding factors for metabolomics investigations in neonatology. It represents a step toward a better comprehension of thephysiopathology of UTD
Jouvensal, Laurence. "Spectroscopie RMN du lactate dans le muscle squelettique : visibilite, quantification et mesure de l'enrichissement au carbone 13 par édition a double quantum." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0551.
Full textGaillard, Eric. "Méthodologie en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire avec un aimant résistif de 1. 2 T : application aux traitements des données RMN et à la spectroscopie 1H haute résolution." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T078.
Full textBon, Delphine. "Evaluation de deux nouveaux outils pour l'étude d'échantillons biologiques par spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/152/.
Full textThe improvement of analytical tools is essential to find new metabolic biomarkers, to help for pathology diagnosis or to follow therapeutic effects. An extraction procedure is needed to analyse tissues by liquid high-resolution NMR. With HR-MAS (High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning) NMR, a direct analysis of tissues is possible (animal or vegetal tissues). The first part of this work shows the different studies we carried out to evaluate the interests and the limitations of this new method. A critical evaluation, achieved on a large scale of biological samples (live animals (earthworm, ground bettle larvae), fresh and frozen kidney, cardiac and musculary tissues) highlights several drawbacks on logistical, sanitary and analytical points of view. HR-MAS NMR allows the simultaneous observation of hydrosoluble and organosoluble metabolites but their quantification is often difficult. Then rapid rotation of the rotor (1-5 kHz) involves sample alteration. The main advantage of this method resids in its ability to analyse small samples (12-92 µL) with high sensitivity. Our study led us to favor liquid NMR analysis on extract tissues rather than NMR analysis on intact tisssues. The second part concerns metabonomic by NMR. A compararive metabonomic study of human glioblastoma cell lines, radioresistant or radiosensitive, reveals a characteristic biomarker of radioresistance. .
NOGUE, DENISE. "Synthese regio et stereoselective d'heterocycles azotes via la reaction d'imino diels alder. Analyse conformationnelle de decahydroquinolein-4-ones et de piperidin-4-ones par correlation rmn #1h, m. M. Et rx." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112254.
Full textDesoubzdanne-Dumont, Denis. "Radiorésistance de lignées cellulaires humaines de gliobastomes : recherche de bloqueurs par métabolomique, lipidomique et transcriptomiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/877/.
Full textGlioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive human brain tumors. Indeed, patients most often die within the year after the diagnostic. Radiotherapy generally associated to radiosensitizers is currently systematically used to reduce tumor progression. Nevertheless, a radioresistance phenomenon still occurs. An individual treatment is hoped for each patient. For this purpose, a molecular classification of GBM has been created, taking into account biomarkers such as a predictive chimioresistance factor, but not radioresistance one. In this context, we have searched for in vitro radioresistance biomarkers in four human GBM cell lines with different radiosensitivity profiles. This corresponds to the first part of the PhD manuscript. Comprehensive and robust analytical methods such as 1H NMR metabolomics, lipidomics and transcriptomics have been used. An accumulation of choline compounds has been observed in the two more radioresistant cell lines. An analytical method using deuterated labelling and HILIC-ESI-MS/MS has been developed to study the metabolism of phosphatidylcholines in the four cell lines. In the second part of the PhD project, we have focused on potential in vitro biomarkers of radio-induced cell death in radiosensitized human GBM cell lines. For this, NMR 1H metabolomics has been chosen. Taurine has been found as a good candidate in a cell line. Lipidomics and FACS analyses have then been used to confirm this result
Huang, Botao. "Mécanismes de vieillissement de l'Assemblage-Membrane-Électrodes dans une pile à combustible de type PEM par approche expérimentale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0268/document.
Full textThis thesis highlights the aging mechanisms of PEM Fuel Cell submitted to two main aging conditions: air relative humidity (RH) cycling, and MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) pinhole test of operation. First, the aging mechanisms of PEMFC main components (membrane, catalyst, carbon support, GDL, bipolar plates and gaskets), have been reviewed from the literature. Then the on-line diagnostic tools (chronopotentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, water management and water analysis), off-line ones (cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry) and post-mortem analyses (nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction) have been described. Experimentally, the high and low air RH cycling runs have been carried out with a 25 cm2 single cell: the high air RH cycling run promoted serious loss of the ElectroChemical Surface Area (ECSA); the low air RH cycling run caused significant increase in hydrogen crossover. The low air RH cycling has been also performed with a 100 cm2 single cell and the aging mechanism was different from that of 25 cm2 cell: the hydrogen crossover remained very low but the fuel cell voltage exhibited strong fluctuations at the end of the run: this was attributed to the presence of dead volumes and liquid water retention within the cell. Finally, MEA pinhole effect has been investigated with a 100 cm2 single cell: the perforation by a 0.7 mm diameter pin promoted slight increase in the hydrogen crossover; the perforation by a 1.2 mm diameter pin caused significant cell voltage losses and serious increase in the cathode diffusion resistance due to significant hydrogen crossover
Roscher, Albrecht. "Étude du métabolisme énergétique végétal par RMN d'échange chimique du 31P : développement et application de la technique 2D EXSY." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10059.
Full textHanoulle, Xavier. "Etude in vivo de l'activation d'une pro-drogue par des mycobactéries à l'aide de la RMN 1H HRMAS : analyse structurale et biochimique de OPgG de Escherichia coli, une protéine requise pour la biosynthèse des glucanes périplasmiques osmorégulés." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S035.
Full textHAVET, THIERRY. "Apport de la resonance magnetique nucleaire (rmn) a la caracterisation de l'etat fonctionnel du myocarde par la spectroscopie 31p et relaxometrie 1h. Influences specifiques de l'oxygene et de la circulation du perfusat dans l'anoxie, l'ischemie et les accidents de reperfusion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13092.
Full textROTH, MURIEL. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : quantification de flux, imagerie de l'effet BOLD et correction des mouvements de la tête." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10016.
Full textRoussel, Tangi. "Développements de méthodes de traitement et d’acquisition du signal pour la Spectroscopie de Résonance Magnétique 2D in vivo." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10114/document.
Full textIn vivo proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for metabolicprofiling because this technique is non-invasive and quantitative. However,conventional localized spectroscopy presents important in vivo metabolic informationthrough overlapped spectral signatures greatly affecting the quantification accuracy.Two-dimensional (2D) MRS, originally developed for analytical chemistry,has great potential to unambiguously distinguish metabolites. Therefore, metabolitequantification is improved allowing accurate estimation of their concentrations. Inthis thesis, the research findings are presented under two main headings. The firstline of research focuses on conventional 2D MRS J-resolved. A J-PRESS sequencewas developed allowing the acquisition of in vivo 2D MRS spectra, which were processedby a dedicated quantification method. Experiments were performed on therat brain using a 7 T imaging system and different sampling strategies were evaluated.The quantification method, specifically developed to handle 2D J-resolved MRSdata quantification in time domain, is based on a strong prior-knowledge. However,2D MRS suffers from long acquisition times due to the collection of numerous incrementsin the indirect dimension. Therefore, the second line of research focuseson the reduction of acquisition time using recently developed methods based on theultrafast NMR concept. A new pulse sequence was designed, allowing 3D localizedultrafast 2D J-resolved spectroscopic acquisition on a 7T small animal imaging system. This breakthrough allows the acquisition of a complete 2D spectrum in a singlescan, resulting in acquisition times of a few seconds
Lazariev, Andrii. "A quantum mechanics-based approach for optimization of metabolite basis-sets : application to quantitation of HRMAS-NMR signals." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843311.
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