Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantification des sources'
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Person, Christophe. "Quantification des anomalies neurologiques métaboliques et imagerie de sources électriques." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738247.
Full textGrythe, Henrik. "Quantification of sources and removal mechanisms of atmospheric aerosol particles." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138903.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
Sylvestre, Alexandre. "Caractérisation de l'aérosol industriel et quantification de sa contribution aux PM2.5 atmosphériques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4714/document.
Full textIn order to limit the impact of air quality on human health, public authorities need reliable and accurate information on the sources contribution. So, the identification of the main sources of PM2.5 is the first step to adopt efficient mitigation policies. This work carry out in this thesis take place in this issue and was to determine the main sources of PM2.5 inside an industrial area. To determinate the main sources of PM2.5, two campaigns were lead to collect daily PM2.5 to: 1/ determine the enrichment of atmospheric pollutants downwind from the main industrial activities and 2/ collect PM2.5 in urban areas characteristic of the population exposition. Results allowed to obtain very representative profiles for the main industrial activities implanted inside the studied area. ME-2 analysis, combined to radiocarbon measurements, allowed to highlight the very high impact of Biomass Burning sources for all the PM2.5 pollution events recorded from early autumn to March. This study showed that industrial sources, even if they are the major sources during spring and summer, are not the major PM2.5 driver. However, this study highlights that industrial sources impact significantly the aerosol population (size, composition, etc.) in the studied area
Tcheheumeni, Djanni Axel Laurel. "Identification and quantification of noise sources in marine towed active electromagnetic data." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28914.
Full textHultin, Eriksson Elin. "Quantification of Terrestrial CO2 Sources to a Headwater Streamin a Boreal Forest Catchment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305435.
Full textEn signifikant mängd koldioxid (CO2) är lagrad i skog och marken. Marken i barrskogsregionernaförvarar en signifikant mängd CO2 där det partiella trycket av CO2 varierar mellan ~10 000 – 50 000 ppm i jämförelse med atmosfären (400 ppm). Mättnaden av CO2 gör att mycket avdunstar tillbaka till atmosfären. Dock absorberas en del CO2 av grundvattnet; vilket resulterar i en naturlig transport av CO2 vidare till ytvattnen där det kapillära nätverket av bäckar är största recipienten. Det är fortfarande oklart hur transporten av CO2 är distribuerad i ett vattenavrinningsområde vilket medför brister i förståelsen av en viktig processväg som kan komma att spela en större roll i framtidens kolkretslopp på grund av den globala uppvärmningen. Därför är en kvantifiering av olika områdens bidrag av CO2 till bäckarna nödvändig. Två betydande zoner i ett vattenavrinningsområde som troligen bidrar olika är: the riparian zone som är närmast bäcken och består av fina sediment med hög organisk halt och, the hillslope som är resterande område och består av grovkorniga jordar med låg organisk halt. Den förstnämnda misstänks transportera mer CO2 via grundvattnet på grund av dess närhet till bäcken, höga halter av CO2 och höga vattenmättnad men detta är ännu inte verifierat. Jag evaluerar the riparian zone som en viktig källa till CO2 i ett vattenavrinningsområde genom att kvantifiera transporten av CO2 från de två zonerna. För att förklara varför transporten varierar presenterar jag en ny modell (GVR) som beräknar den månatliga fluktuationen av den del av CO2-produktionen som absorberas i grundvattnet i the riparian zone. Mätningar av data utfördes i Västrabäcken, ett mindre vattenavrinningsområde i ett större vid namn Krycklan, i norra Sverige. En transekt av tre mätstationer (i bäcken, the riparian zone och the hillslope) installerades i den förmodade grundvattenströmningsriktningen. Resultaten visar på en hög produktion av CO2 under vårfloden (maj) då en hög grundvattenyta troligen absorberar en signifikant mängd CO2. Detta kan betyda att jordrespiration under våren underskattas då dagens mätmetoder är begränsade till mätningar i jorden av CO2 ovan grundvattenytan. Fortsatta studier rekommenderas där GVR-modellen och andra mätmetoder utförs samtidigt för att vidare utröna den kvantitativa underskattningen under perioder med hög grundvattenyta (speciellt under våren). Bidraget från the riparian zone till den totala laterala transporten av CO2 till bäcken under ett år varierar mellan 58-89 % och det månatliga transportmönstret kunde förklaras med resultaten från GVR-modellen. Resultaten verifierar att oberoende av säsong så är the riparian zone den huvudsakliga laterala koltransporten från landvegetationen; medan the hillslope procentuellt bidrar med mer CO2 under höga grundvattenflöden.
Conrad, Yvonne [Verfasser]. "Model-based quantification of nitrate-nitrogen leaching considering sources of uncertainty / Yvonne Conrad." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128149249/34.
Full textSturm, M. "Identification and quantification of transient structure-borne sound sources in electrical steering systems." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30761/.
Full textMoore, Treyton Michael. "Molecular Methods for the Identification and Quantification of Cyanobacteria in Surface Water Sources." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7408.
Full textBerchet, Antoine. "Quantification des sources de méthane en Sibérie par inversion atmosphérque à la méso-échelle." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0058/document.
Full textAnthopogenic and natural methane emissions in Siberia significantly contribute to theglobal methane budget, but the magnitude of these emissions is uncertain (3–11% of globalemissions). To the South, anthropogenic emissions are related to big urban centres. To theNorth, oil and gas extraction in West Siberia is responsible for conspicuous point sources.These regions are also covered by large natural wetlands emitting methane during the snowfreeseason, roughly from May to September. Regional atmospheric inversions at a meso-scaleprovide a mean for improving our knowledge on all emission process. But inversions sufferfrom the uncertainties in the assimilated observations, in the atmospheric transport modeland in the emission magnitude and distribution. I developp a new inversion method based onerror statistic marginalization in order to account for these uncertainties. I test this methodon case study and explore its robustness. I then apply it to Siberia. Using measurements ofmethane atmospheric concentrations gathered at Siberian surface observation sites, I founda regional methane budget in Siberia of 5–28 TgCH4.a−1 (1–5% of global emissions). Thisimplies a reduction of 50% in the uncertainties on the regional budget. With the new method,I also can detect emission patterns at a resolution of a few thousands km2 and emissionvariability at a resolution of 2–4 weeks
Berchet, Antoine. "Quantification des sources de méthane en Sibérie par inversion atmosphérque à la méso-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0058.
Full textAnthopogenic and natural methane emissions in Siberia significantly contribute to theglobal methane budget, but the magnitude of these emissions is uncertain (3–11% of globalemissions). To the South, anthropogenic emissions are related to big urban centres. To theNorth, oil and gas extraction in West Siberia is responsible for conspicuous point sources.These regions are also covered by large natural wetlands emitting methane during the snowfreeseason, roughly from May to September. Regional atmospheric inversions at a meso-scaleprovide a mean for improving our knowledge on all emission process. But inversions sufferfrom the uncertainties in the assimilated observations, in the atmospheric transport modeland in the emission magnitude and distribution. I developp a new inversion method based onerror statistic marginalization in order to account for these uncertainties. I test this methodon case study and explore its robustness. I then apply it to Siberia. Using measurements ofmethane atmospheric concentrations gathered at Siberian surface observation sites, I founda regional methane budget in Siberia of 5–28 TgCH4.a−1 (1–5% of global emissions). Thisimplies a reduction of 50% in the uncertainties on the regional budget. With the new method,I also can detect emission patterns at a resolution of a few thousands km2 and emissionvariability at a resolution of 2–4 weeks
Denker, Reha. "Quantification Of Thermoelectric Energy Scavenging Opportunity In Notebook Computers." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614629/index.pdf.
Full textwarm spots&rdquo
were identified within the mobile computer to extract TE power with minimum or no notable impact to system performance, as measured by thermal changes in the system, in order to avoid unacceptable performance degradation. The prediction was validated by integrating a TE micro-module to the mobile system under test. Measured TE power generation power density in the carefully selected vicinity of the heat pipe was around 1.26 mW/cm3 with high CPU load. The generated power scales down with lower CPU activity and scales up in proportion to the utilized opportunistic space within the system. The technical feasibility of TE energy harvesting in mobile computers was hence experimentally shown for the first time in this thesis.
Peña, Sanchez Carlos Alberto. "Quantification of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources of Fine Particles in Houston, Texas Using Positive Matrix Factorization." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149652/.
Full textBreittmayer, Jean-Philippe. "Toxicité et accumulation du mercure chez la Moule caractérisation et quantification des principales sources de variation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596417b.
Full textWeston, Johanna Nadia Jean. "Quantification of nitrate sources and sinks using a water quality network in Morro Bay Estuary, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/634.
Full textTURRION, R. GONZALEZ. "IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS TO INDIVIDUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOURCES IN PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/331041.
Full textGhandour, Houda. "Analyse et quantification des émissions polluantes de composés organiques volatils d'origine industrielle par mesures directes aux sources." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10057.
Full textConstans, Jean-Marc. "Sources de variabilité dans la quantification en spectroscopie monovoxel par résonance magnétique du proton dans le cerveau." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN3090.
Full textBaduel, Christine. "Fraction organique de l'aérosol : Quantification et caractérisation de la fraction HUmic LIke." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467070.
Full textBaduel, Christine. "Fraction organique de l'aérosol : quantification et caractérisation de la fraction HUmic LIke." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU001.
Full textAtmospheric aerosols are found everywhere and have a strong impact both at a global scale, through their role in the radiative balance of the Earth, and at local scale, through the related public health issue in strongly polluted zones. The organic matter is one of the major components of the aerosol. Its complexity and heterogeneity still make its integration in medical or climatic impact studies difficult. About 10 to 30% of the mass of the organic fraction is made of “Humic Like Substances”. The aim of this thesis is to develop a reliable method of extraction and analysis of the HULIS (HUmic LIke Substances) resulting from the atmospheric aerosol. The purpose is also to determine their spatial and temporal distributions, their major sources and their chemical structures based on 250 samples collected at six urban sites. Identification of the two major sources of HULIS in the aerosol, secondary sources (like photo-oxidation in aqueous phase) in summer and the primary sources related to combustion of biomass in winter, and this, independently of the location is shown. A significant difference between the chemical structure of HULIS coming from these two major sources is observed: they gather more aliphatic and less aromatic compounds in summer than in winter, and their content of carboxylic groups increases from wintertime to summertime
Beaumesnil, Mathieu. "L'identification et quantification d'additifs dans les carburants et les lubrifiants par HPTLC-MS et techniques de dérivatisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR061.
Full textOil companies increase the quality of their products such as fuels by using additives. A large variety of additives can be used, such as antioxidants or antiknock agents. In this study, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to quantify some additive in diesel fuel without sample preparation. HPTLC is an analytical technique used to characterize and quantify compounds in mixtures. To increase polymer detection and signal quality, derivatization methods were used.In order to confirm the analyte identification and to provide structural information, a method based on the direct coupling of HPTLC to mass spectrometry (MS) was developed. Ionization sources such as DESI (desorption electrospray ionization), DART (direct analysis in real time) and MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) were evaluated. It appeared that MALDI was the most suitable source to efficiently desorb the additives on HPTLC plate. After several tests and optimizations on different stationary phases and ionization sources, a HPTLC-MALDI method was developed on cellulose and allowed to detect surfactant in diesel fuel at real concentration. At the same time, ASAP (atmospheric solids analysis probe) was coupled for the first time to HPTLC
Buchoud, Edouard. "Détection, localisation et quantification de déplacements par capteurs à fibre optique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU021/document.
Full textFor structural health monitoring, optical fiber sensors are mostly used thanks their capacity to provide distributed measurements. Based on the principle of Brillouin scattering, optical fiber sensors measure Brillouin frequency profile, sensitive to strain and temperature into the optical fiber, with a meter spatial resolution over several kilometers. The first problem is to obtain a centimeter spatial resolution with the same sensing length. To solve it, source separation, deconvolution and resolution of inverse problem methodologies are used. Then, the athermal strain into the structure is searched. Several algorithms based on adaptative filter are tested to correct the thermal effect on strain measurements. Finally, several methods are developed to quantify structure displacements from the athermal strain measurements. They have been tested on simulated and controlled-conditions data
Boudjellal, Abdelouahab. "Contributions à la localisation et à la séparation de sources." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2063.
Full textSignal detection, localization, and separation problems date back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Nowadays, this subject is still a hot topic receiving more and more attention, notably with the rapid growth of wireless communication systems that arose in the last two decades and it turns out that many challenging aspects remain poorly addressed by the available literature relative to this subject. This thesis deals with signal detection, localization using temporal or directional measurements, and separation of dependent source signals. The main objective is to make use of some available priors about the source signals such as sparsity, cyclo-stationarity, non-circularity, constant modulus, autoregressive structure or training sequences in a cooperative framework. The first part is devoted to the analysis of (i) signal’s time-of-arrival estimation using a new minimum error rate based detector, (ii) noise power estimation using an improved order-statistics estimator and (iii) side information impact on direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy and resolution. In the second part, the source separation problem is investigated at the light of different priors about the original sources. Three kinds of prior have been considered : (i) separation of constant modulus communication signals, (ii) separation of dependent source signals knowing their dependency structure and (iii) separation of dependent autoregressive sources knowing their autoregressive structure
Gourdin, Elian. "Traçage des sources et quantification de la dynamique des sédiments en crue : application au bassin tropical montagneux de la Houay Xon au Laos." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112201/document.
Full textSoil erosion is particularly intense in small mountainous tropical catchments. When supplied to the rivers, eroded sediment leads to numerous problems downstream (transfer of pollutants, increase of water turbidity, dam siltation…). Identifying sediment sources and understanding their dynamics across catchments constitutes a prerequisite to design and implement efficient measures to reduce these problems. This thesis aimed at testing and developing fingerprinting methods, by comparing physico-chemical properties of soils and riverine suspended sediment to define their origin and constrain their transfer across catchments. The study site is a 22.4 km² catchment in northern Laos equipped with nested monitoring stations and submitted to monsoon rainfalls. Three field campaigns were conducted to collect samples of surface soils, gullies, riverbanks, and rainwater, overland flow, river water, suspended matter and deposited sediment during three floods at the beginning of the monsoon in May 2012 and June 2013. Collected samples were analysed to determine fallout radionuclide activities (¹³⁷Cs, ⁷Be and ²¹ºPb), organic matter composition (organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, C/N ratio, δ¹³C et δ¹⁵N), particle size distribution and water composition (electric conductivity and δ¹⁸O). Several methodological experiments were performed to check assumptions underlying the use of atmospheric 7Be and ²¹ºPb as tracers of sediment (quick adsorption of rainwater radionuclides to soil particles; similarity between /210Pbxs activity ratio measured in overland flow particles and corresponding rainfall signature). During the flood studied in May 2012, the contribution of recently eroded sediment was high at the beginning of the rising stage (25-35%), but was then diluted by sediment remobilization from the riverbed and deposition areas (swamps). The combined determination of particulate organic carbon (POC) and ¹³⁷Cs activity of sediment indicated the dominance of surface soil ( C₃ vegetation labelling) erosion in upstream parts and the increase of riverbank (labelled by C₄ plants) erosion contribution in the downstream part of the catchment. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7%), sediment specific yield (43.3 Mg km-2), total organic carbon specific yield (0.83 MgC km-2) and overland flow contribution (78–100%) were found at the station draining mainly the areas covered with teak plantations. Total organic carbon concentrations and POC specific yields calculated during this thesis are much higher than those obtained during a previous study carried out 10 years earlier in the same catchment, when teak plantations covered a much lower proportion of its area (2.5% in 2002-2003 vs 32% in 2012). At the downstream station, carbon specific yields for the studied flood in 2012 were twice higher than the annual ones observed in 2002-2003 (34 erosive events). During the two floods analysed in June 2013, the spatial and temporal variability of ⁷Be and ²¹ºPb wet deposition was investigated and quantified. The results indicate that the input signal of ⁷Be/²¹ºPb labelling associated with each storm should be determined and that spatially distributed collection of rainfall should be privileged to the sequential time-fractionated sampling at a single location. During these floods, the composition of exported suspended sediment could be studied along a continuum of ten nested stations draining areas between 0.1 ha and 19.8 km². Respective contributions of the different surface and subsurface sources of sediment and their propagation across the catchment, were successfully determined with the same tracers as during the May 2012 event. In future, the panel of parameters used in this thesis could be applied to characterise suspended matter behaviour during floods occurring later in the rainy season, or along a longer continuum of nested monitoring stations
Hamdad, Hichem. "Recherche d'une description optimum des sources et systèmes vibroacoustiques pour la simulation du bruit de passage des véhicules automobiles." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1032/document.
Full textCurrently, to put a vehicle on market, car manufacturers must comply to a certification test of exterior noise. The regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ECE R51-03, specifies permissible levels a rolling motor vehicle can emit. This regulation is applied since July 1st, 2016, to replace the old regulation ECE R51-02 (test method change and tightening of permissible levels). The drastic reduction in noise levels will be done in 3 steps: from 74 dB (A) under the old regulation to 68 dB (A) in 2024. Therefore, manufacturers as well as their suppliers will face a great challenge to achieve this goal. The objective of this thesis is to develop an aid to the modeling of the pass-by noise of a vehicle, as called for in regulatory testing. The goal is to predict and evaluate accurately the noise emissions earlier in the vehicle development cycle, i.e. before the industrialization stage. We must then seek a trade-off between accuracy of estimates, sensitivity to parameters, robustness of the method and numerical efficiency
Tunqui, Neira José Manuel. "Revisiting the concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships with high-frequency measurements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS377.
Full textRecent technological advances allow measuring high-frequency chemical concentrations in rivers over long periods. These new data sets, well adapted to the temporal variations of discharge, allows us today to specify the links between hydrological processes in catchments and the water stream chemistry. However, they require the development of adapted methods for data treatment. This thesis tries to answer to the following questions: which models and methods can we use to exploit high-frequency measurements and the way they are transforming our knowledge of the chemical water-quality? During the course of this thesis, we adapted different methods and methodologies originally designed for low / medium frequency data and applied then to high-frequency dataset of the River Lab of the Oracle-Orgeval observatory (France). For many years, since the size of the C-Q datasets was limited, it was difficult to analyse in much detail the precise shape of the C-Q relationship. In many cases, the power-law relationship appeared adequate, which explains its popularity, although many additions to the basic relation have been proposed to improve it. With the advent of high-frequency measuring devices, all the range of the relationship can now be included in the analysis. As a progressive alternative to the power law relationship and a log-log transformation, we propose to use a two-sided affine power scaling relationship. Hydrograph separation is perhaps one of the oldest unsolved problems of hydrology. In the thesis we aim to use jointly the Recursive Digital Filter (RDF) and Mass Balance (MB) methods in order to identify the RDF model parameter leading to the most realistic MB parameters. We show that a simple methodology proposed for the hydrograph separation (RDF-MB coupling approach) works, with a specific calibration and with the simple hypothesis of two sources of path flow. To combine the power-law relationship and the two-component mixing model, we applied the two-side affine power scaling relationship to the so-called base flow and quick flow (Cb and Cq) components, with a multicriterion identification procedure. The new combined model significantly improves, compared to power and mixing models, the simulation of stream river concentrations. Last, we develop a methodology for identifying and quantifying sources from a purely chemical point of view. The new method developed here, without any preliminary assumption on the composition of the potential sources, allows us analyzing the temporal variability of the end-member sources and their relationship to the different flow regimes
Fiandino, Mirabelle. "Apports de matières en suspension par les fleuves côtiers à l'étang de Berre (Bouches-du-Rhône, France) : Quantification des flux, identification des zones sources, étude des relations avec les conditions hydrologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10035.
Full textChiementin, Xavier. "Localisation et quantification des sources vibratoires dans le cadre d'une maintenance préventive conditionnelle en vue de fiabiliser le diagnostic et le suivi de l'endommagement des composants mécaniques tournants : application aux roulements à billes." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000699.pdf.
Full textThe vibratory analysis, for a conditional preventive maintenance, has proven to be a very appreciated tool for a few decades for industries. Its use is articulated around three levels of analysis : the monitoring, the diagnosis and the follow-up of the state of damage of the equipments. In practice, recorded vibratory signals are the result of a mixture of various sources corresponding to the components of the machine ; this fact makes the interpretation of the damage state of a particular component diffcult. The interest is to separate the contribution from the various vibratory sources generally and directly related to a more or less important failure of a mechanical component, starting from several measurements carried out by the accelerometers. The separation will not only allow to locate the defects on the components but also to follow the evolution of the damage of each of them. The principle is then to improve the diagnosis and the follow-up by the introduction of the inverse methods. These problems are generally unstable and require methods of optimization or of stability. We develop two approaches, a numerical and an experimental, which allow to stabilize the inversion by an optimal location of a limited number of vibratory sensors. These approaches are validated on an academic case, and then they are exploited on a structure in conformity with the industrial world : a casing having two shaft bearings coupled with an engine
Chiementin, Xavier Dron Jean-Paul. "Localisation et quantification des sources vibratoires dans le cadre d'une maintenance préventive conditionnelle en vue de fiabiliser le diagnostic et le suivi de l'endommagement des composants mécaniques tournants : application aux roulements à billes." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000699.pdf.
Full textFister, Vincent. "Dynamique des écoulements dans les aquifères calcaires de bas plateaux : de l'identification à la quantification des types de circulation. Exemple des formations triasiques et jurassiques dans le nord-est de la France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0405/document.
Full textThe spatial heterogeneity is a feature of limestone aquifers. Conditioned by the karst and its morphologies, this heterogeneity explains the frequent under-exploitation of these hydrosystem reserves but it also explains the incomplete degree of knowledge of their functionings. In this research we wanted to deepen this knowledge by scrutinizing the functioning of the limestone aquifers which arm the low plateaus of the North-East of France. Three of these low plateaus held our attention, those of Dogger and Oxfordian (Jurassic) and the one of Muschelkalk (Triassic). In order to understand how the flows on and into these three systems are organized, our approach focuses on two main axes ; the first one concerns the identification of the modes of flow and the second one is devoted to quantification. In practice, the knowledge of the flow modes was investigated through the study of various structural parameters (geology, tectonics, karst) and conjunctural parameters (precipitation, evapotranspiration) interacting the water cycle. We show that the variety of hydrological functionings which are observed, on the scale of the study area, is mainly dependent on the structural parameters ; the lithological heterogeneity, in particular, appears as a determining functional key, on the one hand, by the existence of a multiplicity of groundwater and on the other hand, by its role in the karstogenesis. The morphologies of the karst are primarily obvious on the areas of lithostratigraphic contact and we were able to establish, through a spatial distribution of karst phenomena (on and underground), that these three plateaus are mainly disconnected from the karst and run by slow-flow processes, from infiltration to ground water discharge. In order to provide some quantifications of the circulations, a hydroclimatic and geochemical analysis of small outlets was then conducted. Thus a dozen springs and catchments, located in various physiographic settings have been surveyed for several water years. The analysis allowed us to specify the hydrodynamic characteristics of two types of behavior observed in the low plateaus we studied: the fissural behavior and the karstic behavior. The fissural behavior appears, on an annual scale, through a significant rainfall filtering of the systems (high inertia of the values of discharges and electrical conductivities) and also by slow charging processes when flood events occur. The karst behavior, meanwhile, is evidenced on an annual scale, by a moderately rainy filtering of the systems but also by hydrogeochemical variations accused during major rainfall solicitations in connection with the important transmissivity of these environments
Grenier, Mélanie. "Le rôle du pacifique tropical sud-ouest dans la fertilisation du pacifique équatorial : couplage dynamique et multi-traceur." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2070/.
Full textIn my thesis, I study the sources of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). The EUC is composed of water masses that feed the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, an area of prime importance due to its biological productivity and its impact on climate. First, I used an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to describe the EUC in terms of its source trajectories, transports and mean hydrological characteristics. Then, I characterized the geochemical enrichment of the water masses that feed the equatorial Pacific, the EUC waters being the main contributors to the High Nutrients - Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) area. For this purpose, I used geochemical tracers : the neodymium (Nd) isotopes and the Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations. Finally, I coupled both approaches to quantify the geochemical evolution of the thermocline waters of the southwest Pacific
Salameh, Dalia. "Impacts atmosphériques des activités portuaires et industrielles sur les particules fines (PM2.5) à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4732/document.
Full textFine particulate matter (PM2.5) has received considerable attention due to its impact on human health and air quality. Therefore, effective plans for human health protection require a detailed knowledge of the most relevant PM emission sources and their contributions to the ambient PM levels. Thus, this thesis aims to characterize the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected in Marseille area, and quantify the impacts of the main emission sources. To meet these objectives, a one-year monitoring campaign was conducted at the urban background site of “Cinq avenues” during the period of 2011-2012. A detailed chemical characterization of the collected PM2.5 filters was performed, and 3 receptor models were applied to this database: CMB (Chemical Mass Balance), PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization), and ME-2 (Multilinear Engine). Although based on significantly different concepts, the intercomparison exercise of the output data of the used models has generally showed a good agreement in estimating the source contributions of biomass burning (representing between 23 and 33% on annual average) and vehicular traffic (between 14 and 26%). In contrast, significant differences were observed for the industrial (1-18%) and ammonium sulfate (12-30%) sources. This study highlighted the significant contribution of organic matter (OM), which represents 42% of the PM2.5 mass, on average. Regarding the source apportionment results, one of the most striking findings is the identification of two types of biomass burning aerosol, one of which probably comes from open burning of green waste. The latter can even be considered a major contributor to the PM2.5 mass during fall and early winter
Jiang, Wei. "From Glucose to Collagen: Characterization and Quantification of Biomolecules by Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193322.
Full textSanchez, Reyes Hugo Samuel. "Inversion cinématique progressive linéaire de la source sismique et ses perspectives dans la quantification des incertitudes associées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU026/document.
Full textThe earthquake characterization is a fundamental research field in seismology, which final goal is to provide accurate estimations of earthquake attributes. In this study field, various questions may rise such as the following ones: when and where did an earthquake happen? How large was it? What is its evolution in space and time? In addition, more challenging questions can be addressed such as the following ones: why did it occur? What is the next one in a given area? In order to progress in the first list of questions, a physical description, or model, of the event is necessary. The investigation of such model (or image) is the scientific topic I investigate during my PhD in the framework of kinematic source models. Understanding the seismic source as a propagating dislocation that occurs across a given geometry of an active fault, the kinematic source models are the physical representations of the time and space history of such rupture propagation. Such physical representation is said to be a kinematic approach because the inferred rupture histories are obtained without taking into account the forces that might cause the origin of the dislocation.In this PhD dissertation, I present a new hierarchical time kinematic source inversion method able to assimilate data traces through evolutive time windows. A linear time-domain formulation relates the slip-rate function and seismograms, preserving the positivity of this function and the causality when spanning the model space: taking benefit of the time-space sparsity of the rupture model evolution is as essential as considering the causality between rupture and each record delayed by the known propagator operator different for each station. This progressive approach, both on the data space and on the model space, does require mild assumptions on prior slip-rate functions or preconditioning strategies on the slip-rate local gradient estimations. These assumptions are based on simple physical expected rupture models. Successful applications of this method to a well-known benchmark (Source Inversion Validation Exercise 1) and to the recorded data of the 2016 Kumamoto mainshock (Mw=7.0) illustrate the advantages of this alternative approach of a linear kinematic source inversion.The underlying target of this new formulation will be the future uncertainty quantification of such model reconstruction. In order to achieve this goal, as well as to highlight key properties considered in this linear time-domain approach, I explore the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) stochastic Bayesian framework, which appears to be one of the possible and very promising strategies that can be applied to this stabilized over-parametrized optimization of a linear forward problem to assess the uncertainties on kinematic source inversions. The HMC technique shows to be compatible with the linear time-domain strategy here presented. This technique, thanks to an efficient estimation of the local gradient of the misfit function, appears to be able to rapidly explore the high-dimensional space of probable solutions, while the linearity between unknowns and observables is preserved. In this work, I investigate the performance of the HMC strategy dealing with simple synthetic cases with almost perfect illumination, in order to provide a better understanding of all the concepts and required tunning to achieve a correct exploration of the model space. The results from this preliminary investigation are promising and open a new way of tackling the kinematic source reconstruction problem and the assessment of the associated uncertainties
Pépin, Christine. "Quantification vectorielle et codage conjoint source-canal par les réseaux de points." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0030.
Full textFève, Gwendal. "Quantification du courant alternatif : la boîte quantique comme source d'électrons uniques subnanoseconde." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066608.
Full textPépin, Christine. "Quantification vectorielle et codage conjoint source-canal par les réseaux de points /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36704869j.
Full textFève, Gwendal. "Quantification du courant alternatif : la boîte quantique comme source d' électrons uniques subnanoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119589.
Full textdans un conducteur quantique modèle : le circuit RC quantique. En appliquant des tensions
hyperfréquence sur une grille située au dessus d'une boîte quantique de taille submicronique,
on peut sonder la dynamique de transfert de charges de la boîte vers son réservoir. Dans
le régime linéaire, elle est caractérisée par une capacité quantique reliée à la densité d'états
de la boîte et une résistance de relaxation de charge constante et égale au demi quantum
de résistance h/2e^2 lorsqu'un seul mode de conduction est transmis du réservoir à la boîte. Je
me suis plus largement consacré à l'étude du régime non linéaire obtenu en appliquant des
tensions créneau d'amplitude comparable à l'énergie d'addition de la boîte (énergie nécessaire
pour ajouter une charge élémentaire). J'ai mis en évidence dans ce régime une quantification
du courant alternatif en unité de 2ef qui traduit l'émission et l'absorption par la boîte d'une
charge unique à chaque période du signal d'excitation. Ce dispositif fonctionne alors comme
une source d'électrons uniques analogue aux sources de photons uniques en optique. L'évolution
du temps d'émission de la charge par effet tunnel en fonction des différents paramètres
contrôlables (couplage de la boîte au réservoir, potentiel de la boîte ...) a été déterminée dans
une large gamme temporelle, de la centaine de picosecondes à la dizaine de nanosecondes. Ces
résultats sont en excellent accord avec un modèle théorique simple que j'ai développé durant
ma thèse. Ils ouvrent la voie à des expériences d'optique électronique à une seule particule.
Wehner, Daniel T. "Head movements of children in MEG : quantification, effects on source estimation, and compensation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40540.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).
Head movements during MEG recordings in children may lead to inaccurate localization of brain activity. In this thesis, we examined the effects of head movements on source estimation in twenty children performing a simple auditory cognitive task. In addition, we tested the ability of a recently introduced spherical harmonic expansion method, signal space separation (SSS), to compensate for the effects of head movements on two source models: equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) and minimum norm estimates (MNE). In the majority of subjects, the goodness-of-fit of ECDs fit to the peak of the auditory N100m response was increased following the SSS correction compared with the averaged forward solution method proposed earlier. The spatial spread of ECDs as determined with a bootstrapping approach was also reduced after SSS correction. In addition, the MNE source estimates were spatially sharpened following SSS application, indicative of an increase in signal to noise ratio. Together these results suggest that SSS is an effective method to compensate for head movements in MEG recordings in children.
by Daniel T. Wehner.
S.M.
Hettiyadura, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva. "Quantification of organosulfates and their application in source apportionment of atmospheric organic aerosols." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6132.
Full textSpriggs, M. P. "Quantification of acoustic emission from soils for predicting landslide failure." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10903.
Full textGrenier, Melanie. "Le rôle du Pacifique Tropical Sud-Ouest dans la fertilisation du Pacifique Équatorial : couplage dynamique et multi-traceur." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876092.
Full textLillyman, Carrie Danielle. "The quantification of mobile source contributions to fine particulate matter in the Greater Toronto Area." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58811.pdf.
Full textMobile, Michael Anthony. "Quantification of Parameters in Models for Contaminant Dissolution and Desorption in Groundwater." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37812.
Full textPh. D.
Larrose, Aurélie. "Quantification et spatialisation de la contamination en éléments traces métalliques du système fluvio-estuarien girondin." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14285/document.
Full textThe Gironde estuarine system is impacted by historic polymetallic pollution due to mining and smelting activities in the upper watershed. Based on a high spatial resolution sampling strategy, wepropose the first maps of trace element (TE) contamination in the surface sediment at the estuarine scale. The highest TE concentrations occurred in the North Channel in the downstream estuary and inthe island zone in the upper estuary. Estimation of potentially releasable TE fraction, of enrichment factors and a comparison between measured TE concentrations and sediment quality guidelines allow us to class a major part of the estuary as a low to medium priority zone in terms of potential toxicityfor aquatic organisms.The TE contamination in the intra-estuarine watersheds included in a project of water quality management of the Gironde estuary (SAGE), was assessed for 57 watersheds by coupling into GIS,typological characteristics of the watersheds and geochemical analyses of stream sediments. Highest anomalies were found for urban watersheds for which urban tracers were identified as Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg,Sb and Zn, and for vineyard watersheds with Cu. A study of temporal and spatial variations of TEconcentrations in two small agricultural watersheds lead us to identify inputs from point and diffusive sources, especially for Ag, As, Cu and U related to anthropogenic activities. Marsh areas also play an important role in TE reactivity mainly due to organic matter transformations. In laboratory experiments simulating the transportation of TE from agricultural soils to aquatic systems and the maturing process of soil particles in the stream help us to identify processes responsible for TE release in the environment. Long term release of copper was mainly attributed to organic colloid transformation which implies an increase in the mobility, and consequently, the potential bioavailability/toxicity of Cu for aquatic organisms
Cock, B. J. "Quantification of diffuse source pollution : evaluation of a computer based approach in the Sturt River catchment /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc664.pdf.
Full textGérard, Hudon Marie-Christine. "Quantification des phosphatidylcholines disaturées pulmonaires foetaux murins et dimorphisme sexuel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28383/28383.pdf.
Full textSlobodan, Dražić. "Shape Based Methods for Quantification and Comparison of Object Properties from Their Digital Image Representations." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107871&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textУ тези су размотрени развој, побољшање и евалуација метода за квантитативну карактеризацију објеката приказаних дигиталним сликама, као и мере растојања између дигиталних слика. Методе за квантитативну карактеризацију објеката представљених дигиталним сликама се све више користе у применама у којима грешка може имати критичне последице, а традиционалне методе за квантитативну карактеризацију су мале прецизности и тачности. У тези се показује да се коришћењем информације о покривеност пиксела обликом може значајно побољшати прецизност и тачност оцене растојања између две најудаљеније тачке облика мерено у датом правцу. Веома је пожељно да мера растојања између дигиталних слика може да се веже за одређену особину облика и морфолошке операције се користе приликом дефинисања растојања у ту сврху. Ипак, растојања дефинисана на овај начин показују се недовољно осетљива на релевантне податке дигиталних слика који представљају особине облика. У тези се показује да идеја адаптивне математичке морфологије може успешно да се користи да би се превазишао поменути проблем осетљивости растојања дефинисаних користећи морфолошке операције.
U tezi su razmotreni razvoj, poboljšanje i evaluacija metoda za kvantitativnu karakterizaciju objekata prikazanih digitalnim slikama, kao i mere rastojanja između digitalnih slika. Metode za kvantitativnu karakterizaciju objekata predstavljenih digitalnim slikama se sve više koriste u primenama u kojima greška može imati kritične posledice, a tradicionalne metode za kvantitativnu karakterizaciju su male preciznosti i tačnosti. U tezi se pokazuje da se korišćenjem informacije o pokrivenost piksela oblikom može značajno poboljšati preciznost i tačnost ocene rastojanja između dve najudaljenije tačke oblika mereno u datom pravcu. Veoma je poželjno da mera rastojanja između digitalnih slika može da se veže za određenu osobinu oblika i morfološke operacije se koriste prilikom definisanja rastojanja u tu svrhu. Ipak, rastojanja definisana na ovaj način pokazuju se nedovoljno osetljiva na relevantne podatke digitalnih slika koji predstavljaju osobine oblika. U tezi se pokazuje da ideja adaptivne matematičke morfologije može uspešno da se koristi da bi se prevazišao pomenuti problem osetljivosti rastojanja definisanih koristeći morfološke operacije.
Hixon, Lee Franklin. "Potential and Quantification of Street Sweeping Pollutant Reductions towards addressing TMDL WLAs for MS4 Compliance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100955.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Kamilis, Dimitrios. "Uncertainty Quantification for low-frequency Maxwell equations with stochastic conductivity models." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31415.
Full textTassou-Ere, Magali. "Développement d'une technique expérimentale de quantification de traces de polluants dans l'air à l'aide d'une source impulsionnelle femtoseconde." Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0068.
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