Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantification des services'
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Elderbrock, Evan. "Revealing Promising Pathways for Increasing Urban Ecosystem Services: An Approach Combining Stakeholder Priorities with Ecosystem Service Quantification." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24232.
Full text2020-01-11
Mballo, Souleymane. "Quantification et modélisation des services climatiques rendus par les arbres dans une rue canyon." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD097.
Full textGlobal climate change and the extreme events it induces have become one of the major issues of this century. Understanding the microclimate in urban areas has received increasing attention from researchers in recent years, due to the overheating phenomena observed in cities and the population density that makes them a sensitive environment for heat waves. Several studies have shown that vegetation can reduce air temperature in cities, but these benefits depend on the built environment, and on many variables often not controlled in cities, such as water availability for plants. In this context, this thesis aims to analyze and quantify the climatic services provided in a canyon street by well-watered trees. It is based on a double approach combining experimentation and modeling. Field campaigns were carried out on a tree model at scale (1/5) installed in an outdoor environment on the site of the Institut Agro, in Angers, France. On the numerical approach, 2D simulations of the distributed climate in unsteady regime were performed using a CFD approach. Among other results, the work of this thesis showed that the canyon street creates overheating of up to 2.8 °C during the night, and up to 2.4 °C during the day, and that trees can reduce the air temperature in the street by 2.7 °C during the day, and improve human thermal comfort by reducing mid-day UTCI values by up to 8 °C. This work provides quantification elements that can help decision makers in their planning policies
Sacco--Martret, de Préville Ambre. "Réseaux trophiques et services écosystémiques de régulation naturelle des communautés de carabes en champs de blé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARA091.
Full textOne major challenge of modern agriculture is to reduce the use of chemical inputs, particularly pesticides. Natural regulation, in particular conservation biological control, is a promising lever for integrated pest management. Carabids, abundant and diverse arthropods in agroecosystems, are considered good candidates for biological control due to their consumption of a wide variety of pests and weeds. However, this opportunistic diet also results in the consumption of auxiliaries and makes it difficult to estimate the services provided by carabids. This PhD aimed to shed light on the temporal dynamics of trophic interactions between carabid beetles and their resources in agroecosystems,in order to estimate the regulation potential of these predators. Conservation agriculture, compared to conventional agriculture, had a positive effect on carabid communities and aphid regulation. Molecular gut content analysis confirmed that carabids consume pests, including aphids, and that in the absence of pests they survive thanks to alternative preys. However, the detection of a trophic interaction by molecular analysis depends on many factors as prey identity, predator voracity and predator size. An additional study showed that molecular analysis tends to underestimate aphid predation relatively to earthworm predation, highlighting again the potential of carabids as biocontrol agents
Bicking, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Quantification and mapping of regulating and provisioning ecosystem services in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany / Sabine Bicking." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191179907/34.
Full textNoël, Guilhem. "Tension dans les services d’urgences : quantification, impact et outils d’aide à la gestion de l’aval des SU." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0686.
Full textCrowding in ED is a public health challenge associated with a deterioration in the quality of care. Obj. 1: Identification (Delphi) of 15 consensual crowding indicators. 2 Prospective studies validating crowding scores (SOTU) in pediatric and adult EDs. A method was proposed to select the hours during which the level of crowding assessed by caregivers was consensual. The AUC of SOTU was 0.833 [0.814-0.851]. SOTU was associated with an alteration in the quality of care. Obj 2: Predict hospitalizations and need for inpatient beds. In 1 prospective multicentre study we developed an automated model (MA) predictive of the hospitalization of a patient using variables available from triage. Developed and validated for 1 month (11,653 patients) the AUC of the MA was 0,815 [0,805-0,826]. Development of a tool for estimating the daily minimum bed requirement (BJML) based on the RPU history. Applied at 15 SU for the year N + 1, the error was 18%. Obj. 3: impact of tension on the quality of care. In winter pediatric epidemics, the quality of care was degraded with a 50% increase in patients LWBS. Using the SU occupancy rate, in a 2-year pediatric study, tension was associated with decreased adherence to anaphylaxis recommendations; OR = 5.88 [1.88-18.0] and less parental understanding of instructions; OR = 3.972 [1.252-12.603]
Bartholomée, Océane. "Quantification de services écosystémiques de régulation à l'échelle locale. Indicateurs, protocoles de terrain et incertitudes - Cas des services de pollinisation et de régulation du climat global." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV060.
Full textEcosystem services are benefits supplied by ecosystem to human societies. In France, recent legislation aims to include ecosystem service in environmental impact studies with the enactment of the Law for the recovery of biodiversity, nature and landscapes (2016). To do so, it is necessary to develop field methods for ecosystem service estimation. In this setting, a collaboration was established between the Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine and the environmental consultancy EGIS Environnement to answer the following question: how can ecosystem services be quantified at local scale?We studied two ecosystem services often cited in the global change context. The pollination service is essential for human food production. Given worldwide pollinator declines it is at the centre of scientific, citizen and political concerns. The service of global climate regulation by carbon sequestration by ecosystems is of major interest given the recent and coming climate changes.We investigated four key steps for developing a field protocol. First, the ecosystem service of entomophilous pollination has numerous definitions in the scientific literature. Thus, based on a literature review we built a conceptual framework for defining the pollination service and identifying quantifiable indicators and their measurement methods. We chose to define the pollination service as the ecosystem capacity to support entomophilous pollination, i.e. pollinating insect presence. Second, we worked on indicator selection for the pollination service estimation. Pollination capacity can be estimated through direct indicators linked to pollinator presence on the plot and through indirect indicators linked to feeding and nesting resources in the plot and in the landscape. We compared measures of these two types of indicators within orchards and grasslands. Our aims were to test consistency between both indicator types for the pollination service and the possibility of protocol simplification based on indirect indicators. Indirect indicators did not explain enough of the observed variability in pollinator abundance and richness to allow a protocol simplification.Third, we tried to simplify the estimation protocol of the ecosystem service of global climate regulation from measures of carbon stocks in grasslands and forests. We compared estimations obtained by simplified protocols to estimations obtained by a more complete protocol. We also quantified the uncertainties caused by these simplifications. The estimation protocol could be simplified for the two most important carbon pools: aboveground biomass in forests and soil organic carbon. Finally, to test the applicability of the simplified protocol of carbon stock estimations, we applied it on wetland plots. These plots were organized following in a state-and-transition model to test whether management decisions are likely to affect wetland carbon stocks. Management actions on aboveground biomass changed carbon stocks between herbaceous and forested wetland. Soil organic carbon, the major carbon stock in wetlands, was unchanged between the different studied stats, illustrating the difficulty to manage soil carbon stocks in the short term.This study shows that method development for field quantification of ecosystem service can lead to simple and reliable protocols. However, the development process is different for each ecosystem service
Abley, Melanie J. "Tracking, Quantifying, Phenotyping and Genotyping of Campylobacter in Cattle and Pigs across the Farm to Fork Continuum." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306427015.
Full textGuinet, Maé. "Quantification des flux d’azote induits par les cultures de légumineuses et étude de leurs déterminants : comparaison de 10 espèces de légumineuses à graines." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK011/document.
Full textIn the context of agroecological transition, the reintroduction of legume crops should play a key role in cropping system sustainability by allowing a reduction of nitrogen (N) inputs. But few references are available concerning the agronomical and ecological services provided by a wide range of legume crops, particularly within crops succession scale. Thus, the main objective of our study is to quantify the N fluxes during and after the legume crops taking into account 10 legume crops (peas, lupin, faba bean, soybean...). Our experiment consists in i) quantifying symbiotic N fixation depending on the amount of soil inorganic N, the mineralisation of N present in legume crop residues after soil incorporation and N losses outside of the soil-plant system (leaching, emission of nitrous oxide), ii) identifying plant biological traits associated to N fluxes. Thus, different N fluxes were quantified during a two-year field experiment, i.e. the first year (2014) legume crops were implanted and followed by wheat the second year (14-15) after incorportation of legume residues. This experiment was repeated in 2016-2017.In parallel, plant root traits were characterised during greenhouse hydroponic experiments
Mesmin, Xavier. "La régulation naturelle des insectes ravageurs des cultures légumières et ses conséquences sur la production : quantification du service fourni et recherche de leviers pour son intensification." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC134/document.
Full textDevelopping farming systems that use less pesticides is partly based on the intensification of ecosystem services. The main aim of this thesis was to quantify the insect pest regulation service provided by their natural enemies, both in experimental plots and in farmers fields. We worked on brassicaceous vegetables that are confronted to pest attacks on above- and belowground organs (aphids and the cabbage root fly). We assessed their harmfulness, in order to quantify the injuries and damage these pests can inflict to plants. Our results confirm that aphids are less harmful than the cabbage root fly. On flower vegetables, the latter not only leads to plant mortality but can also slow plant development.We also showed that ground dwelling predators significantly reduce the populations of both pests, leading, for the cabbage root fly, to a strong decrease in plant mortality rate. Finally, simplifying soil tillage in the spring did not favor ground dwelling predators overwintering inside the field and neither did it increase natural regulation service in the short term. However, early ground dwelling predators are fundamental and must be favored by tailored practices both inside and around the fields. The knowledge gained in the present thesis show the potential of conservation biological control for the agroecological management of insect pest populations
Chandoul, Wided. "Conception et réalisation d'un système d'aide à la gestion des tensions dans les services d'urgences pédiatriques : vers des nouvelles approches d'évaluation, de quantification et d'anticipation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0010/document.
Full textHe strain in an Emergency Department (ED) is an imbalance between the total demand load of healthcare treatment and resources ability to support it during a convenient horizon, which may results negative consequences on the smooth running of the activity. It is reflected by overcrowding, longer treatment and waiting times which causes both patients dissatisfaction and anxiety of personnel. This thesis is part of the HOST project funded by the ANR-TECSAN-2011 program to develop a Management Support System of Strain (MSSS) ensuring three objectives:1. Multi-criteria evaluation through a variety of indicators aggregated by fuzzy logic to solve the subjectivity of the human feeling of strain. Each evaluation scenario involves specific decision rules targeting to supervise failure points.2. Demand forecasting through several time horizons: applying SARIMA and SARIMAX methods is justified by the time series seasonality of visits and the influence of some external parameters (epidemics, holidays, weather). In addition, the quality of the historical information has been improved by a history rebuilding based on the daily likelihood.3. Improving flow management and activity monitoring since the use of MSSS as a dashboard provides a macro view of the whole activity (beds occupied, waiting, estimated length of stay, excessive elongation).The simulations address real strain scenarios observed between 2011 and 2013 in the Pediatric ED Jeanne de Flandre of the Regional University Hospital of Lille (France)
Bui, Van Bac [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Bonkowski, and Hartmut [Gutachter] Arndt. "Dung beetles as sensitive indicators of land use change and quantification of their ecosystem services in northern and central Vietnam / Van Bac Bui ; Gutachter: Michael Bonkowski, Hartmut Arndt." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118744104X/34.
Full textWurzbacher, Tobias. "Vocal fold dynamics : quantification and model-based classification /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016315367&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textBoedecker, Ashlynn Rose. "Evaluating sediments as an ecosystem service in western Lake Erie through quantification of nitrogen cycling pathways." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1545068281691301.
Full textTriantafyllidou, Simoni. "Lead (Pb) Contamination of Potable Water: Public Health Impacts, Galvanic Corrosion and Quantification Considerations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77215.
Full textPh. D.
Saverimoutou, Antoine. "Métrologie de l'internet du futur : caractérisation, quantification et prédiction de la qualité de la navigation web." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0186.
Full textWeb browsing is one of the main Internet services where a wide set of actors are involved and evolves constantly. New Internet protocols, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or web browsers’evolutions are meant to improve web pages’ loading times. In order to better understand the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by end-users, it is of prime importance to identify how web pages’ content is composed and delivered as well as providing are levant QoE metric. In this thesis, we have designed a new tool, Web View, meant to perform automatic Web browsing and measures several aspects of the Web browsing eco-system. We have also introduced a new web metric, the Time for Full Visual Rendering (TFVR). From more than 18 Trillion measurements performed over 2.5 years on the Top 10,000 Alexa websites, we have used statistical techniques to identify the key parameters qualifying and quantifying web browsing quality. This set of factors has been confirmed by a machine learning process, which gives as output the set of rules to predict web pages’ loading times. For websites where fluctuations in loading times happen regularly, we have used the Hierarchical Dirich let Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) to enrich our rulesbased models in order to increase the correctness in prediction rates. The evaluation of our decision treebased model on never assessed websites shows that we can correctly predict web browsing quality. This work aims at helping network operators and service providers to increase the Quality of Service (QoS) offered to their customers
Getachew, Girma. "Tannins in tropical multipurpose tree species : localisation and quantification of tannins using histochemical approaches and the effect of tannins on in vitro rumen fermentation /." Stuttgart : Ulrich E. Grauer, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009095947&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textAmaro, Rafael. "Le contentieux privé des pratiques anticoncurrentielles : Étude des contentieux privés autonome et complémentaire devant les juridictions judiciaires." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D014.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Porfirio, Luciana Laura. "Spatial models for the quantification of ecosystem services across the Australian capital region." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155974.
Full textChen, Yu-Shu, and 陳玉書. "The Quantification and Valuation of Ecosystem Services of the Agroforestry System at Silin, Pingtung." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73501090830345306391.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
森林系所
103
Agroforestry is becoming a vital option for today’s land use in two folds of contribution: mitigation of climate change and abatement of monocropping agriculture’s ecological disservices. For the first time by revealing the ecosystem service values in an agroforestry test site we can realize its value for Taiwan’s sustainable agriculture practice. Ecosystem services in classification by MA 2005 and TEEB 2010 were mapped with Nair (1984)’s classification of agroforestry functions and review on precedent researches to come up with 10 pertinent ecosystem services for the agroforestry system at Silin, Pingtung. Quantification methodologies for each ecosystem service by agroforestry were given most of which include equations for calculation of biophysical properties. Quantification of each ecosystem service of the agroforestry site was made with one of the corresponding methods. Some of quantification results were checked against data available from literatures for adequacy. Monetary valuation of each ecosystem service was made with accessible data and appropriate methods. Their respective values ha-1 yr-1 were (1) food (NT$640,467) and timber (NT$12,578) (2) carbon sequestration (NT$311,400) (3) pollination (NT$0)* (4) biological control (NT$137,363) (5) soil enrichment (NT$1,003,891) (6) air quality (NT$132,769) (7) water quality (NT$2,018,000) (8) erosion prevention (NT$0)** (9) biodiversity conservation (NT$4,593) and (10) recreation (NT$13,043). The total value of the ecosystem services of agroforestry system was NT$4,274,104 ha-1 yr-1 in net present value (NPV) of 2014, and will be NT$6,226,054 NT$ ha-1 yr-1 30 years later simply by involving inflation factor. The true highest value occurs in 2023 with 2014 NPV of NT$4,397,386 ha-1 yr-1 due to the highest CAIv (Current Annual Increment in volume). If agriculture land of Grade 6 to 10, totaling 648,761 hectares (COA, Taiwan), is converted to agroforestry practice, the total ecosystem service value in 2014 NPV would be NT$2.77 x 1012 yr-1 under the assumption of the same context of the agroforestry system at Silin, Pingtung. *The crop was banana which does not depend on pollination for fruitage. **Geographical and topological conditions rendered the value negligible.
Poulin-Martin, Judith. "Quantification des conséquences biomécaniques, sur les membres supérieurs, de l'utilisation d'un pistolet à peinture par les peintres de carrosserie du secteur des services à l'automobile." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4613/1/M12211.pdf.
Full textSahnoune, Zakaria. "Vers une plateforme holistique de protection de la vie privée dans les services géodépendants." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21144.
Full textBorchers, Wayne Peter ;Rowan Richard Michael. "Quantification of the S-3 Viking Aircraft Service Period Adjustment (ASPA)--program." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22055.
Full textTai, Fu-Jen, and 戴富仁. "A Quantification Research on Fake Customer Complaint and Service Recovery —Take Taiwan Nonwoven and its Processing Product Industry as an Example." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3yg3k2.
Full text長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班
98
From Year 2007 to 2009, Kang Na Hsiung Enterprise Co. Ltd, which I am now holding a post, received more and more fake customer complaints, plus few local and international researches on fake customer complaints; that’s why this research is aimed to study fake customer complaints and its recovery in Taiwan nonwoven and its processing product industry, on the premise that customers did fake their complaints. It shall cover customers’ motives and types and enterprise’s recovery measures when facing such aberrant customers. Since current researches on fake customer complaints are deficient, those on Taiwan nonwoven and its processing product industry are even less, in order to understand customers’ motives and types, the research analyzes companies with different service encounter based on delaminating sample survey to present fake customer complaint types and its recovery measures under different service encounter. After statistics analysis, it is reported customers fake their complaints mostly for “blackmail”, “relieving responsibility and revenge,”and “emotional factor.” Among companies with medium service encounter, “blackmail” and “relieving responsibility and revenge” are relevant motives; while “emotional factor” is not relevant with service encounter. With regard to recovery measures, “refund and compensation”is a major move no matter it’s “blackmail” or “relieving responsibility and revenge.” “Apology and explanation” is used to recover “emotional factors.” Keywords: Aberrant customer, customer fake complaint, service encounter, service recovery
Ngwangwa, Harry Magadhlela. "Assessment of structural damage using operational time responses." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26223.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Mechanics))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
unrestricted