Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantification à haute résolution'
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Devès, Guillaume. "Analyse chimique quantitative à haute résolution spatiale par microsonde et nanosonde nucléaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14084/document.
Full textThe study of the role of trace elements at cellular level requires the use of state-of-the-art analytical tools that could achieve enough sensitivity and spatial resolution. We developed a new methodology for the accurate quantification of chemical element distribution in single cells based on a combination of ion beam analysis techniques STIM, PIXE and RBS. The quantification procedure relies on the development of a STIM data analysis software (Paparamborde). Validity of this methodology and limits are discussed here. The method allows the quantification of trace elements (µg/g) with a 19.8 % uncertainty in cellular compartments with mass below 0.1 ng.The main limit of the method lies in the poor number of samples that can be analyzed, due to long irradiation times required and limited access to ion beam analysis facilities. This is the reason why we developed a database for cellular chemical composition capitalization (BDC4). BDC4 has been designed in order to use cellular chemical composition as a tracer for biological activities and is expected to provide in the future reference chemical compositions for any cellular type or compartment.Application of the STIM-PIXE-RBS methodology to the study of nuclear toxicology of cobalt compounds is presented here showing that STIM analysis is absolutely needed when organic mass loss appears during PIXE-RBS irradiation
Quoineaud, Anne-Agathe. "Caractérisation et quantification de l'aluminium dans les zéolithes désaluminées par RMN haute-résolution à l'état solide." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2049.
Full textChesnel, Anne-Lise. "Quantification de dégâts sur le bâti liés aux catastrophes majeures par images satellite multimodales très haute résolution." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004211.
Full textBelgacem, Moncef. "Caractérisation du spectromètre haute résolution à autocorrélation numérique de l'instrument HIFI sur le satellite Observatoire spatial Herschel (HSO)." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30149.
Full textRousseau, Kathleen. "Développement de nouveaux outils pour l’analyse métabolomique par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : de l’acquisition de spectres MS/MS pour l’identification large-spectre de métabolites au marquage isotopique pour la quantification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF006.
Full textMetabolomics is a relatively new science that studies molecules with a molecular weight below 1.5 kDa, present in a given biological matrix. It is the last link in the "omics" sciences and represents the ultimate response of an organism to factors that disrupt its functioning. Today, many developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/HRMS) aim at improving the detection, identification and quantification of metabolites but also at increasing the robustness of the analyses. This PhD thesis took place in that context. One of its main objectives was to develop methods allowing the simultaneous acquisition of MS and MS/MS spectra via analyses in "Data Dependent Acquisition" and "Data Independent Acquisition" modes. These methods allowed the production of data with the same sensitivity as the traditional "Full Scan" analysis while providing more precise and relevant information for further metabolite identification. These methodological developments were applied to an inter-laboratory study as part of a European project. The other major objective of this PhD was to set-up strategies for the large-scale quantification of metabolites in biological samples. To do so, the production and characterization of isotopically labeled internal standards were investigated. Thus, chemical synthesis methods relying on H/D exchange was evaluated and enabled the production of a large panel of labeled compounds. Their isotopic pattern exploitation allowed the development of an innovative quantitative approach by multi-point internal calibration. This method was compared to the conventional isotope dilution approach. At last, isotope profiling was applied to the preliminary analysis of mouse urine samples obtained from mice that were in vivo labeled with carbone-13. The aims were to study the C-13 incorporation kinetics in targeted metabolites, but also to annotate and identify new metabolites. Overall, the set of developments carried out during this thesis have allowed to reach a better level of identification of metabolites and to improve their quantification
Guillon, Hervé. "Origine et transport des sédiments dans un bassin versant alpin englacé (Glacier des Bossons, France) : une quantification couplant mesures hydro-sédimentaires haute-résolution, suivi radio-fréquence de galets, teneur en nucléides cosmogéniques et méthodes probabilistes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU010/document.
Full textAmong the most efficient agents of erosion, glaciers react dynamically to climate change, leading to a significant adjustment of downstream sediment flux. Present-day global warming raises the question regarding the evolution of the sediment load originating from partially glaciated catchment. The detrital export from such environment results from erosion processes operating within distinct geomorphological domains : supraglacial rockwalls, ice-covered substratum and the proglacial area, downstream from the glacier. The general intent of this doctoral research is therefore to characterize the origin and transport of sediments in the watersheds of two streams draining Bossons glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, France).For this purpose, the components of the sediment flux coming from supraglacial, subglacial and proglacial domains are separated and quantified by innovating methods:i. Using the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides concentrations as evidence of a supraglacialtransport;ii. Combining meteorological data and hydro-sedimentary data acquired at a high timeresolution (2 min) and completed by multi-linear models;iii. Estimating sediment flux by source for 7 years and with a probabilistic method;iv. Associating radio-frequency identification of pebbles in the proglacial area with a stochas-tic transport analysis.Through numerical tools, applying the presented methodologies provides erosion rates of thesupraglacial, subglacial and proglacial domains, and determines the sediment transfer mecha-nisms within the catchment.Thus in the terminal part of the glacier, 52±14 to 9±4% of the supraglacial load is transferred to the subglacial drainage network. Moreover, its evolution throughout the melt season leads to the export of the winter sediment production during a limited period. Furthermore, the drainage configuration beneath the glacier and its retreat control the remobilization of a long-term sediment stock. These processes explain the contrast between the mean subglacial erosion rates of the two monitored streams, 0.63 ± 0.37 et 0.38 ± 0.22 mm/yr, respectively. This values are lower than the tectonic uplift, ∼1.5 mm/an, and of the same order of magnitude than the mean erosion rate of supraglacial rockwalls, evaluated at 0.76 ± 0.34 mm/an.Downstream from the glacier, hillslopes are not efficiently connected to the proglacial stream and the glacier is the main source of the sediment export. Hence, without extreme events, the input from proglacial domain corresponds to 13 ± 10% of the total sediment export from the catchment. Besides, the proglacial area acts as a buffer functioning from the daily to the year scales for fine particles, and at a decennial scale for coarser particles. In total, despite the rapid recent retreat of the glacier, the Bossons catchment exhibits a limited paraglacialdynamic whose intensity corresponds to a mean proglacial erosion rate of 0.25±0.20 mm/an. Finally, at the catchment scale, the sediment dynamic is multi-frequential and buffered by storage and release mechanisms
Mathey, Marguerite. "Quantification haute résolution du champ de déformation 3D des Alpes occidentales : interprétations tectoniques et apports à l’aléa sismique Seismogenic potential of the High Durance Fault constrained by 20 yr of GNSS measurements in the Western European Alps." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU033.
Full textThe Alpine range is one of the first monitored mountain belts worldwide, both by seismic networks and space geodesy (GNSS), in particular due to its moderate but steady seismicity. Permanent GNSS measurements demonstrated that uplift is the main signal characterizing the current deformation in the European western Alps, reaching up to 2 mm/yr, while no shortening is observed across the belt. Based on the incredible amount of geodetic and seismic data available today, it now appears possible to constrain a new high resolution crustal strain field in the western Alps. This 3D field, made of surface deformation measurements and of the seismic deformation characteristics, is of primary importance in order to decipher the links between horizontal, vertical and seismic deformations. We rely for the present work on a multidisciplinary approach that aims at integrating 25 years long seismic records, 20 years of GPS measurements, and 4 years of Sentinel-1 satellite acquisitions, in order to establish the corresponding 3D strain rate field.For the first time in the western Alps, the spatial variability of the style of seismic deformation is robustly assessed, thanks to the analysis of the Sismalp (ISTerre Grenoble) database. New focal mechanisms computation along with principal stresses inversions have led to establish new orientations for the extensive deformation component, which occurs mainly in the center of the belt. As for the highly resolved 3D field of style of deformation, provided by Bayesian interpolations of focal mechanisms both at the surface and at depth, it reveals a vast majority of dextral strike-slip deformation occurring at the periphery of the belt, associated, in one specific area, with compression. These results bring new insights in the dynamics of the western alpine belt.Four GPS surveys (conducted in 1996, 2006, 2011 and 2016), along with the data provided by the permanent RENAG network, allowed us to increase the spatial resolution of the surface velocity and strain rate fields at the scale of the western Alps. These high resolution geodetic fields reveal that the amplitude of the extensive signal is at the highest in the Briançonnais area, while its kinematics appear consistent with interseismic deformation accommodated on at least one fault (the High Durance Fault). Longer-term seismic records show that, at least at the local scale, seismic and geodetic deformation patterns seem consistent within their uncertainty bounds in terms of kinematics and amplitude. At the regional scale of the entire western Alps though, geodetic strain rates appear one order of magnitude higher than the seismic ones, the latter comprising both instrumental and historical seismicity.Finally, four years of Sentinel-1 acquisitions appear to be the minimum time span required in order to derive long-term velocity maps in the satellite line of sight at the scale of the western Alps. The interferometric processing of the corresponding data allowed for the first time to get rid of the effects of snow and vegetation in a consistent way. The results feature short scale spatial variations in the uplift pattern, which are spatially correlated to crystalline external Alpine massifs as well as to the uplift patterns predicted by several isostatic adjustment models.This multidisciplinary work enabled us to increase the spatial resolution both of horizontal and vertical surface deformations and of seismic crustal deformation. The related 3D strain rate field sheds new lights on the various processes from which seismicity and deformation can originate. This 3D strain rate field moreover brings new constraints on several primary inputs to seismic hazard assessment models
Grégoire, Jean-Marc. "Echographie haute résolution." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3315.
Full textZou, Hang. "Goal oriented communications : the quantization problem." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG021.
Full textThe classic paradigm for designing a transmitter (encoder) and a receiver (decoder) is to design these elements by ensuring that the information reconstructed by the receiver is sufficiently close to the information that the transmitter has formatted to send it on the communication medium. This is referred to as a criterion of fidelity or of reconstruction quality (measured for example in terms of distortion, binary error rate, packet error rate or communication cut-off probability).The problem with the classic paradigm is that it can lead to an unjustified investment in terms of communication resources (oversizing of the data storage space, very high speed and expensive communication medium, very fast components, etc.) and even to make exchanges more vulnerable to attacks. The reason for this is that the use of the classic approach (based on the criterion of fidelity of information) in the wireless networks will typically lead to exchanges excessively rich in information, too rich regarding the decision which will have to be taken. the recipient of the information; in the simpler case, this decision may even be binary, indicating that in theory a single bit of information could be sufficient. As it turns out, the engineer does not currently have at his disposal a methodology to design such a transceiver pair that would be suitable for the intended use (or uses) of the recipient.Therefore, a new communication paradigm named the goal-oriented communication is proposed to solve the problem of classic communications. The ultimate objective of goal-oriented communications is to achieve some tasks or goals instead of improving the accuracy of reconstructed signal merely. Tasks are generally characterized by some utility functions or cost functions to be optimized.In the present thesis, we focus on the quantization problem of the goal-oriented communication, i.e., the goal-oriented quantization. We first formulate the goal-oriented quantization problem formally. Secondly, we propose an approach to solve the problem when only realizations of utility function are available. A special scenario with some extra knowledge about regularity properties of the utility functions is treated as well. Thirdly, we extend the high-resolution quantization theory to our goal-oriented quantization problem and propose implementable schemes to design a goal-oriented quantizer. Fourthly, the goal-oriented quantification problem is developed in a framework of games in strategic form. It is shown that goal-oriented quantization could improve the overall performance of the system if the famous Braess paradox exists. Finally, Nash equilibrium of a multi-user multiple-input and multiple output multiple access channel game with energy efficiency being the utility is studied and achieved in different methods
Mugnier, Laurent. "Problèmes inverses en Haute Résolution Angulaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654835.
Full textContreras, Meca Carlos. "IRM de diffusion de haute résolution." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112298.
Full textDiffusion MRI allows characterizing the dynamical structure of biological tissue at the microscopic level. The purpose of this thesis was the development of methodological tools to study the micro-structural differences of cortex, in vivo in human. A bi-exponential fit was used for its sensibility to describe the diffusion signal. SENSE technique was implemented at 1. 5T and a phase array coil was designed for localized acquisition. We have also developed a statistical method to determine the significance of signal and correction schemes to fit rician distributed data. These developments were integrated on a graphical platform. Subtle, but significant, differences in diffusion parameters were found in cortical areas, namely between temporal and frontal and parietal areas. Although the results have shown important sensibility to noise at 1. 5 and 3\unit{T}, diffusion MRI appears as a promising technique for the study of cortical cyto-architecture
Nguyen, Ba-Thao. "Conversion à haute résolution d'un signal entrelacé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26599.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Ba-Thao. "Conversion à haute résolution d'un signal entrelacé." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1021.
Full textGardeazabal, Rodriguez Pedro Felipe. "Développement d'une technique d'imagerie 3D haute résolution." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066594.
Full textMeurer-Grob, Patricia. "Etude structurale des microtubules à haute résolution." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10240.
Full textHmida, Fadoua. "Spectroscopie FTIR à haute résolution de SO2F2." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS042.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of very high resolution FTIR spectroscopy of the molecule of sulfuryl fluoride, SO2F2, which recently appeared as an important atmospheric pollutant. However, a very good modeling of its absorption spectrum is essential for atmospheric concentration measurements.This manuscript has five parts. The first part deals with the properties of the molecule of sulfuryl fluoride. The second part describes the theoretical model (tensor formalism and effective Hamiltonian and dipole moment) that we used to perform the analyzes. The third part presents the experimental conditions of the different spectra that we recorded at the AILES line of the SOLEIL synchrotron at Saint-Aubin (Paris). The fourth part describes the software C2vTDS and finally in the fifth part we present the results of the different analyzes.This thesis was performed in the Molecular and Atmospheric Spectrometry Group (GSMA) of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne and the Laboratory of Molecular Dynamics and Photonic Materials (LDMMP - ENSIT) of the University of Tunis
Mérand, Antoine. "Etude à haute résolution spatiale des Céphéides." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077155.
Full textBriaudeau, Stephan. "Spectroscopie à haute résolution en vapeur confinée." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA132010.
Full textEl, Kassis Carine. "Méthodes à haute résolution pour antennes non uniformes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447488.
Full textConsonni, Marianne. "Lithographie haute résolution assistée par plasmons de surface." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373708.
Full textVaucher, Christophe. "Le test haute résolution de circuits imprimés nus." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343737.
Full textSchardong, Lewis. "Vers une tomographie haute résolution du manteau inférieur." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776782.
Full textWang, Xialong. "Gravimètres de haute résolution basés sur l'interférométrie atomique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066423.
Full textLemaire, Thierry. "La télédetection spatiale à haute résolution : aspects juridiques." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES5002.
Full textThe recent launching of private satellites, able to deliver high resolution remote sensing data, point out an unprecedented evolution in the sector of remote sensing due to the usual utilisation of this accurate imagery only by States for strategic and military uses. The proliferation of private companies and the commercial utilisation of the remotely sensed data raise a lot of legal questions as regards the application of space law principles and those of the United Nations Resolution n°41/65 of 3rd december 1986 (as for example, the freedom to observe and to disclose the remote sensing data) which are issued from a compromise between developing States and those using Earth remote sensing satellites. Indeed, the international Community adopted the freedom of observation at the condition that data would be available for sensed States on a non-discriminatory basis. It seems that this principle is accepted for the private high resolution remote sensing systems but the use of imagery for civil and military needs may engage the international responsability of States for national activities carried out from space. Then, the private activities have to be controlled at national and international level and some commercialisation restrictions can be adopted by States when the use of space imagery can compromise public interests. This public intervention has to respect the freedom of competition and the access od sensed States to remote sensing data on a non-discriminatory basis. Besides, the data protection has to be harmonised a international level in order to secure private companies investments and facilitate the development of the commercial space imaging sector. Moreover, the use of remote sensing data has not to be prejudicial to individual rights related to the protection of private property, applicable to goods sensed from space, and the right to privacy
Mahieux, Geoffroy. "Etude de l'enregistrement stratigraphique par sismique haute résolution." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-64.pdf.
Full textEl, Kassis Carine. "Méthodes a haute résolution pour antennes non uniformes." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112179.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the signal processing methods for source localization in the case of nonuniform arrays. The work concerns mainly the high resolution methods whiwh are particularly adapted to the nonlinear arrays because they reduce the effect of sidelobes. We show that root-music can be directly applies in the case of nonuniform arrays, particularly the arrays with missing sensors. Moreover, we show that the elimination of a certain number of sensors of a uniform array degrades only very slightly the performance thanks to the use of high-resolution methods like root-music. Furthermore, we propose a new method em-esprit that has the ability to deal with any type of nonuniform arrays. This iterative method is based on the two algorithms: expectation-maximization (em) and esprit. The study of performance of em-esprit shows that it presents better performance than most of the existing methods, in particular for high noise levels. In addition, rwo alternatives: stochastic em-esprit and em-root-music are proposed in order to improve the convergence and consistency aspects of em-esprit. Finally, we consider an application related to the localization of aeroacoustic sources on the body of a car. The implementation of a method of type zero-forcing music allows obtaining good performance on simulated and real data, in particular for closely spaced sources having different powers
Escolle, Clément. "Optique active spatiale pour l'observation à haute résolution." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4767/document.
Full textTo meet the challenges of Earth observation and astronomy, future space observatories will require telescopes of several meters in diameter. The various space environment constraints will induce deformations and misalignments of the telescope mirrors, thus degrading the optical quality of observations. The integration of active optics, used since the late 80s for alignment and preservation of the optical quality of the ground telescopes, becomes mandatory. Such a system consists of three elements: a measuring device, a correction set-up and a control loop which links both previous elements.The research works presented in this PhD thesis focus, on one hand, on the development of a perturbations estimator minimizing the residual wave front in the telescope field of view. The analysis of this estimator and more generally of the ultimate performance of a space active optics system enabled us to highlight the impact of high spatial frequencies on optical quality. On the other hand, the presence of such high frequencies due to the primary mirror supports print through, urged us to evaluate the possibilities of their reduction in the case of large mirrors. Using a finite element model of such a mirror, we made local modifications of the mirror structure to adapt its deformation to the correcting capabilities of active optics
Guellil, Imene. "Nano-fonctionnalisation par FIB haute résolution de silicium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0361.
Full textThe goal of this work is to develop a process for the elaboration of silicon-germanium (SiGe) quantum dots (QDs) with compositions ranging from Si to pure Ge, and allowing to obtain semiconducting QDs with sufficiently small sizes to obtain quantum confinement. For this purpose, we have used a combination of different techniques: molecular beam epitaxy, focused ion beam lithography (FIBL) and heterogeneous solid state dewetting. In this context, the aim of this research is on the one hand to develop a new FIB that can be coupled to the ultra-high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy growth chamber, and on the other hand to realize two applications: (i) nanopatterns for the self-organisation of Si and Ge QDs and (ii) nano-implantations of Si and Ge. We used FIBL with energy-filtered liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAIS) using non-polluting ions (Si and Ge) for the milling of conventional microelectronic substrates such as SiGe on silicon-on-insulator (SGOI). The nanopatterns must be totally free of pollution and with variable and perfectly controlled characteristics (size, density, depth). The morphology of the nanopatterns is then characterized in-situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth is determined ex-situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nanopatterns made by FIBL were compared on the one hand to plasma etchings with He and Ne and on the other hand to the etchings obtained by electronic lithography (EBL). Nanoimplantations of Si and Ge ions were realised in diamond and in ultra-thin SGOI for the fabrication of local defects
Courde, Clément. "Développement de télémètres laser de haute exactitude et de haute résolution pour applications spatiales." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586258.
Full textDornier, Christophe. "Nouveau concept de collimation haute sensibilité pour une sonde d'imagerie radio-isotopique haute résolution." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2031.
Full textIturbe, Ion. "Tomographie acoustique haute résolution dans un guide d'onde océanique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521540.
Full textZumsteg, Cedric. "Spectroscopie ultra haute résolution d'un ion unique de calcium." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507487.
Full textPETIT, David. "Extraction du « 3D » par interférométrie radar à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009833.
Full textZumsteg, Cédric. "Spectroscopie ultra haute résolution d’un ion unique de calcium." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507487.
Full textCaspary, Olivier. "Applicabilité des méthodes d'analyse spectrale à haute résolution fréquentielle." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10004.
Full textPaganin, Fabrice. "Imagerie de l'asthmatique : apport de la tomodensitométrie haute résolution." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T036.
Full textGadhi, Jamal. "Spectroscopie millimétrique haute résolution de molécules linéaires ou symétriques." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10016.
Full textMear, Yann. "Outils pour l'acquisition de données sismiques, réflexion haute résolution." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0136.
Full textCharon, Yves. "Étude et développement d'un radio-imageur β⁻ haute résolution." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112378.
Full textPour repérer au niveau cellulaire ou tissulaire des molécules biologiquement actives, on utilise des molécules radioactives et présentant une affinité chimique particulière avec les produits cherchés. Cette manipulation s'appelle l'hybridation in situ et est employée surtout en biologie moléculaire et en pharmacologie. La technique actuelle d'analyse de ces coupes, consiste exclusivement à exposer des émulsions photographiques. Ce procédé est lent et fournit un résultat non numérisé. Nous avons développé un détecteur capable d'établir une image d'une distribution de points émetteur ß- (3H, 35S ou 32p) de faible comptage (quelques bcqs), avec une grande résolution ; de l'ordre d'une dizaine de micron. Les améliorations apportées progressivement à l'appareil- augmentation de la sensibilité de la photocathode et refroidissement de l'amplificateur de brillance, changement de scintillateur, techniques informatiques de discrimination - nous ont permis d'atteindre une résolution de 15 µm avec une efficacité de 100 % pour l'émetteur 35S. D'autre part, les mesures réalisées à partir d'échantillons biologiques(coupe de testicules de drosophile)ont d'ores et déjà établi que le gain sur le temps d'exposition des émulsions photographiques s'élève à un facteur d'environ 300. Ce mémoire présente, outre une description complète de l'imageur et de son fonctionnement, une discussion liant le travail de développement effectué à l'évolution des performances. Les modifications futures du détecteur et les améliorations qu'elles doivent apporter sont exposées à la fin de cette publication
Borghys, Dirk. "Interprétation et recalage d'images sar polarimétries de haute résolution." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0031.
Full textHenrion, Stéphane. "Traitements SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) spatial très haute résolution." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT050H.
Full textPetit, David. "Extraction du "3D" par interferométrie radar à haute résolution." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30025.
Full textQuiquerez, Laurent. "Étude de convertisseurs de données Sigma-Delta haute résolution." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-27.pdf.
Full textBlondet, Pascal. "Spectroscopie RMN localisée haute résolution du proton "in vivo"." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10002.
Full textLe, Bras Julien. "Le microclimat urbain à haute résolution : mesures et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30078/document.
Full textThe thermal comfort of the inhabitants of a city is mainly affected by the urban heat island (difference in air temperature between urban and surrounding area. This effect is caused by anthropogenic sources, low vegetated areas and heat stored in buildings and roads during the night. The urban heat island can reach 10°C at night for the biggest cities. But inside a neighborhood, the temperature variability can reach a few degrees with the effect of the shadow of the trees or the presence of lake or parks. This variability may have the same magnitude than the urban heat island. The objective of this thesis is to study the temperature variability at the city-scale and at the street-scale. The aim of this PhD work is to develop a modeling chain of the temperature at the street-scale from data from operational weather stations located in airports.The modeling chain has to be fast in order to simulate long term urban planning scenarios and have a low computational cost in order to be run outside of atmospheric sciences laboratories. The first step of the modeling chain is the spatialized urban weather generator, a numerical physical scheme which calculated the urban heat island at the neighborhood scale from data of an operational weather station located outside of the city and with sur urban surface model TEB. The second part is a statistical model of temperature variability at the street scale calculated with meteorological data coming from the generator and a mapping of the urban tissue. The statistical model relies on field campaigns achieved in 2013 and 2014 in the neighborhoods of Marseille, Paris and Toulouse
Liu, Hui. "Microscopie tomographique diffractive et profilométrie multivue à haute résolution." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH9558/document.
Full textWe have developed a tomographic diffractive microscope in reflection, which permits observation of sample surfaces with an improved lateral resolution, compared to a conventional holographic microscope. From the same set of data, high-precision measurements can be performed on the shape of the reflective surface by reconstructing the phase of the diffracted field. doing so allows for several advantages compared to classical holographic interferometric measurements: improvement in lateral resolution, easier phase unwrapping, reduction of the coherent noise, combined with the high-longitudinal precision provided by interferometric phase measurements. We demonstrate these capabilities by imaging various test samples
Schardong, Lewis. "Vers une tomographie haute résolution du manteau inférieur terrestre." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1935/.
Full textThe D" layer is one of Earth's most heterogeneous location, hosting poorly understood features, which are most likely linked to the global dynamics of the mantle. Present days tomographic approaches cannot resolve correctly this area. The resolution of images from Earth's inner structure is strongly linked to precisely localizing earthquakes, and to have a good knowlegde of the frequency content of seismic waves. This thesis aims at building a global database of seismic travel times, data used for the development of tomographic images. Our method uses a more precise determination of the depths of earthquakes, allowing an improvement in measuring travel times. To a better evaluation of the frequency content, these measurements are performed in several frequency bands. A new approach for the computation of corrections to the complexity of the crust is presented as well. Finally, a preliminary imaging is presented, at regional and global scale, under the approximation of the ray theory, before a more complete description under Born approximation
Etchanchu, Jordi. "Apport des données de télédétection haute résolution et haute répétitivité dans la modélisation hydro-météorologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30205/document.
Full textAgricultural practices generate strong spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the vegetation in agrosystems. Land Surface Models (LSMs), which simulate water and energy fluxes between soil, vegetation and atmosphere, use coarse spatial resolutions and very simplified agricultural practices representations. Therefore, they cannot characterize such heterogeneities. However, simulating agrosystems in a realistic way is of great interest to manage water resources at landscape scale, like a river basin, or study the interactions between climate evolution and agriculture. High resolution remote sensing, like the ESA's Sentinel-2 space mission, allows monitoring the Earth surface globally with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution of 10 meters and 5 days. This Ph. D. thesis aimed to exploit such data in the SURFEX-ISBA LSM, developed by the CNRM, to represent agricultural practices in the hydrometeorological fluxes estimation at landscape scale. The first part of the thesis aimed at representing the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the vegetation due to the choice of sewing and harvesting dates and crop rotations in the model. I used multi-temporal Leaf Area Index and annual land cover maps derived from the Formosat-2 remote sensing date (8m, tasking acquisitions). Simulations were performed on a 576 km2 agricultural plain in southwestern France. In order to keep the interest of high resolution while saving computation time, a plot scale simulation approach was used
Abily, Morgan. "Modélisation hydraulique à surface libre haute-résolution : utilisation de données topographiques haute-résolution pour la caractérisation du risque inondation en milieux urbains et industriels." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4121/document.
Full textHigh Resolution (infra-metric) topographic data, including LiDAR photo-interpreted datasets, are becoming commonly available at large range of spatial extent, such as municipality or industrial site scale. These datasets are promising for High-Resolution (HR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation, allowing inclusion of fine aboveground structures that influence overland flow hydrodynamic in urban environment. DEMs are one key input data in Hydroinformatics to perform free surface hydraulic modelling using standard 2D Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) based numerical codes. Nonetheless, several categories of technical and numerical challenges arise from this type of data use with standard 2D SWEs numerical codes. Objective of this thesis is to tackle possibilities, advantages and limits of High-Resolution (HR) topographic data use within standard categories of 2D hydraulic numerical modelling tools for flood hazard assessment purpose. Concepts of HR topographic data and 2D SWE based numerical modelling are recalled. HR modelling is performed for : (i) intense runoff and (ii) river flood event using LiDAR and photo-interpreted datasets. Tests to encompass HR surface elevation data in standard modelling tools ranges from industrial site scale to a megacity district scale (Nice, France). Several standard 2D SWEs based codes are tested (Mike 21, Mike 21 FM, TELEMAC-2D, FullSWOF_2D). Tools and methods for assessing uncertainties aspects with 2D SWE based models are developed to perform a spatial Global Sensitivity Analysis related to HR topographic data use. Results show the importance of modeller choices regarding ways to integrate the HR topographic information in models
Le, Men Camille. "Segmentation Spatio-temporelle d'une séquence d'images satellitaires à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658159.
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