Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quality of life Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Quality of life Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Lin, Xiaoping, Christina Bryant, Jennifer Boldero, and Briony Dow. "Psychological well-being of older Chinese immigrants living in Australia: a comparison with older Caucasians." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (July 8, 2016): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001010.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Few current studies explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. The study addressed this gap and provided preliminary data on psychological well-being among this group. Four indicators, namely depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, were used to present a comprehensive picture of psychological well-being.Methods:Participants were two groups of community-dwelling older people, specifically 59 Chinese immigrants and 60 Australian-born people (median age=77 and 73, respectively). Data were collected through standardized interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire were used to measure depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, respectively.Results:Chinese participants’ median quality of life score was higher than the scale mid-point, indicating relatively high levels of quality of life. However, 10% exhibited symptoms of depression, 6% had symptoms of anxiety, and 49% felt lonely. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants reported poorer quality of life and higher levels of loneliness. Importantly, the difference in quality of life remained when the impact of socio-demographic factors was controlled for.Conclusions:This study was the first to use multiple indicators to explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Its results suggest that their psychological well-being might be worse than that of Australian-born people when using loneliness and quality of life as indicators. In particular, loneliness is a common psychological problem among this group, and there is a need for public awareness of this problem.
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Foroughi, E., R. Misajon, and R. A. Cummins. "The Relationships Between Migration, Social Support, and Social Integration on Quality of Life." Behaviour Change 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.3.156.

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AbstractPast research indicates that humans have a remarkable ability to maintain normal levels of subjective wellbeing despite adverse objective circumstances. This suggests that such wellbeing may be held under homeostatic control. This paper investigates some of the potential factors that may contribute to this homeostatic mechanism, in response to the major life event of migration. Three groups were examined: Persian immigrants to Australia (Persian-Australians), non-Persian Australians, and Persians residing in Iran. A total of 330 subjects were recruited. A notable finding was that all three groups did not differ in regard to subjective wellbeing, despite the Persian-Australians being a minority ethnic group in Australia, and the Persians having significantly lower objective life quality. The Persian-Australians who migrated at an older age reported lower subjective quality of life, while the number of years of residence in Australia did not appear to be related to the extent of social integration. Subjective life quality was, however, related to subjective social support for the Australian and Persian samples, and to reciprocality of support for the Persian-Australians.
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Parker, Alice, Xin Tao Ye, Jacob Mathew, Melissa Lee, Igor E. Konstantinov, Yves d’Udekem, Christian Brizard, and Johann Brink. "Quality of life in adult survivors after paediatric heart transplantation in Australia." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 7 (June 17, 2019): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111900115x.

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AbstractBackground:Paediatric heart transplantation in Australia is centralised at The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. Survival to adulthood is improving but the ongoing need for complex medical therapy, surveillance, and potential for late complications continues to impact on quality of life. Quality of life in adults who underwent heart transplantation in childhood in Australia has not been assessed.Methods:Cross-sectional quality of life data were collected from paediatric heart transplant survivors >18 years of age using Rand 36-Item Health Survey. Self-reported raw scores were transformed to a 0–100 scale with higher scores indicating better quality of life. Mean scores were compared to National Health Survey Short Form-36 Population Norms data using the independent sample t-test.Results:A total of 64 patients (64/151) who underwent transplantation at The Royal Children’s Hospital between 1988 and 2016 survived to adulthood. In total 51 patients (51/64, 80%) were alive at the time of the study and 27 (53%) responded with a mean age of 25 ± 6 years, being a median of 11 years (interquartile range 7–19) post-transplantation. Most self-reported quality of life subscale scores were not significantly different from the Australian normative population data. However, self-reported ‘General Health’ was significantly worse than normative data (p = 0.02). Overall, 93% (25/27) reported their general health as being the same or better compared to 1-year ago.Conclusion:Adult survivors after paediatric heart transplantation in Australia report good quality of life in multiple domains and demonstrate independence in activities of daily living and employment. However, lifelong medical treatment may affect perceptions of general health.
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Meuleners, Lynn B., Andy H. Lee, and Colin W. Binns. "Assessing Quality of Life for Adolescents in Western Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 13, no. 1 (January 2001): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950101300109.

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Chenhall, Richard D., Kate Senior, David Cole, Teresa Cunningham, and Ciaran O’Boyle. "Individual Quality of Life Among at Risk Indigenous Youth in Australia." Applied Research in Quality of Life 5, no. 3 (June 19, 2010): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-010-9101-y.

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Palmer, Andrew J., Ingrid van der Mei, Bruce V. Taylor, Philip M. Clarke, Steve Simpson, and Hasnat Ahmad. "Modelling the impact of multiple sclerosis on life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years and total lifetime costs: Evidence from Australia." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 4 (February 26, 2019): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458519831213.

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Objectives: To quantify life expectancy (LE), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and total lifetime societal costs for a hypothetical cohort of Australians with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A 4-state Markov model simulated progression from no/mild to moderate and severe disability and death for a cohort of 35-year-old women over a lifetime horizon. Death risks were calculated from Australian life tables, adjusted by disability severity. State-dependent relapse probabilities and associated disutilities were considered. Probabilities of MS progression and relapse were estimated from AusLong and TasMSL MS epidemiological databases. Annual societal (direct and indirect) costs (2017 Australian dollars) and health-state utilities for each state were derived from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study. Costs were discounted at 5% annually. Results: Mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) LE from age 35 years was 42.7 (41.6–43.8) years. This was 7.5 years less than the general Australian population. Undiscounted QALYs were 28.2 (26.3–30.0), a loss of 13.1 QALYs versus the Australian population. Discounted lifetime costs were $942,754 ($347,856–$2,820,219). Conclusion: We have developed a health economics model of the progression of MS, calculating the impact of MS on LE, QALYs and lifetime costs in Australia. It will form the basis for future cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions for MS.
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Owen, Alice J., Salsabil B. Maulida, Ella Zomer, and Danny Liew. "Productivity burden of smoking in Australia: a life table modelling study." Tobacco Control 28, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054263.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the impact of smoking on productivity in Australia, in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost and the novel measure of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost.MethodsLife table modelling using contemporary Australian data simulated follow-up of current smokers aged 20–69 years until age 70 years. Excess mortality, health-related quality of life decrements and relative reduction in productivity attributable to smoking were sourced from published data. The gross domestic product (GDP) per equivalent full-time (EFT) worker in Australia in 2016 was used to estimate the cost of productivity loss attributable to smoking at a population level.ResultsAt present, approximately 2.5 million Australians (17.4%) aged between 20 and 69 years are smokers. Assuming follow-up of this population until the age of 70 years, more than 3.1 million years of life would be lost to smoking, as well as 6.0 million QALYs and 2.5 million PALYs. This equates to 4.2% of years of life, 9.4% QALYs and 6.0% PALYs lost among Australian working-age smokers. At an individual level, this is equivalent to 1.2 years of life, 2.4 QALYs and 1.0 PALY lost per smoker. Assuming (conservatively) that each PALY in Australia is equivalent to $A157 000 (GDP per EFT worker in 2016), the economic impact of lost productivity would amount to $A388 billion.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential health and productivity gains that may be achieved from further tobacco control measures in Australia via application of PALYs, which are a novel, and readily estimable, measure of the impact of health and health risk factors on work productivity.
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Cummins, Robert, and Paraskevi Theofilou. "Quality of life research: interview with Professor Robert Cummins." Health Psychology Research 1, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.1555.

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Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a fundamental concept in the field of clinical medicine and has been studied during the last years by psychologists, sociologists, economists and managers. The concept of HRQOL includes those aspects of overall QOL that can be indicated to have an impact on patients’ health, either physical or psychological. Concerning the individuals, this incorporates physical and mental health cognitions, including sociodemographic factors, sexual functioning, fatigue, sleep disorders and functional status. One of the most eminent experts in the world in the field of QOL is Prof. Robert Cummins [Professor of Psychology at Deakin University in Australia (School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria 3125 Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: robert.cummins@deakin.edu.au)] who kindly accepted to answer our questions in the con- text of this special edition.
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Goldstein, David, Ming Sze, Melanie Bell, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Maurice Eisenbruch, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Vaccaro, and Phyllis Noemi Butow. "Disparities in quality-of-life outcomes in immigrant cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16507-e16507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16507.

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e16507 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer patients having anti-cancer treatment. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer patients were recruited through outpatient Oncology clinics in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Northern Territory in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grand parents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer < 1 year previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Adjusted regression models comparing AA and IM groups included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis, and cancer type (colorectal, breast, lung, other). Results: There were 910 participants (response rate 57%). IM were similar to AA, except that IM were more likely to be married (76 vs 67 %, p = 0.01) and in the low and the highly educated groups (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, IMs had clinically significant higher anxiety, greater unmet information and physical needs and lower quality of life than AAs (see table). The possible ranges are 0-21 for anxiety and depression, and 0-100 otherwise. Conclusions: In this hospital-based study with a high rate of advanced disease, immigrants with cancer experienced poorer quality of life outcomes, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic, and disease variables. Interventions are required to improve their experience of cancer care. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regards to provision of information and meeting support and physical needs). [Table: see text]
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Millar, Jeremy L., Susan M. Evans, Mark Frydenberg, Declan G. Murphy, Damien M. Bolton, Graham G. Giles, and Ian D. Davis. "Quality-of-life outcomes for prostate cancer treatment in Australia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.143.

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143 Background: We aimed to use a population based quality registry established in Australia, to review patient-reported health-related QOL after the diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Methods: Prospective registry of men with PCa from statutory notifications to the canonical population-based cancer registry in Victoria. An "opt-off" mechanism used. Coverage expanded from 30%-80% of State population over time. Demographics and disease features, management, and outcomes from medical record; men phoned at 12 and 24 months (m), interviewed with script including SF12 and items from standard form (UCLA PCI) for specific QOL outcomes. Urinary, rectal, and sexual function bother (UB, RB, and SB) scores where analysed by univariate and multivariable modelling for relationship of these with presentation or management factors, adjusting for risk. Results: Men from 8/2008 - 2/2011; 1.9% of eligible opted out. Followed 1172 to 12 & 24 m. Median diagnosis age 65 yr; median PSA 6.8 ng/mL; 97.3% clinically localised with 47.7% having NCCN intermediate risk. 520 had treatment with Radical Prostatectomy (RP) (89 also with external beam-EBRT), 171 had EBRT (with or without HDR brachy), and 211 seed implant (SI). 226 had no treatment (NT) in the first 12 m. 52.5% managed in public hospitals, rest private. Univariate analysis: UB associated with management type, and hospital type, and RB and SB associated with these factors, as well as age and disease stage. On multivariate regression SB at 12 m was associated with increasing age (p=0.002) and radical treatment types (RP and EBRT/HDR, p<0.001 and 0.003 respectively)—except SI—compared to NT; RB was associated with SI (0.02) and EBRT/HDR (0.007) and treatment in a public hospital (0.006); and UB was associated with public hospital (<0.001). All associations at 12 m remained significant at 24 m. SF12 physical score had a positive association with RP vs NT (0.014), hospital type (0.001) and younger age. SF12 mental health also showed associations. Conclusions: A large scale registry in Australia assessing patient-reported quality of life outcomes after prostate cancer treatment shows patterns similar to that seen in North American reports.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Wilson, David H. "Hearing in South Australia : disability, impairment and quality-of-life /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7469.pdf.

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Bagnato, Annunziata Teresa. "Postharvest improvement of Cavendish banana quality and shelf life /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb147.pdf.

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Winter, Richard (Richard Philip) 1957. "Quality of work life of academics in Australian universities." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8748.

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Bansal, Jacqueline A. "Quality of life issues in motor neurone disease." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36747/1/36747_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is caused by the degeneration and death of motor neurones. It is universally fatal and causes wasting and weakness of the somatic musculature. The disease usually affects those aged between 40 and 70, with 50% of people with MND dying within 3 years and 90 percent within 6 years. Only 10 percent survive 10 years or more While the incidence of MND is much lower than that of Multiple Sclerosis, twice as many people die of MND as die from Multiple Sclerosis and Muscular Dystrophy combined. Once diagnosis is confirmed it appears that the health care service has little to offer in the way of care or a cure. The majority of people with MND are cared for in their home by family members which places enormous stress on both the individual and other family members. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors which influence quality of life (QOL) in people with MND. This remains sadly under-investigated with only one significant report in the last three decades. The present study utilised a self-rated questionnaire, sent to individuals with neurologically confirmed MND, volunteering their participation via requests for help published in the MND Association newsletters throughout Australia. The questionnaire comprised standard measures which allowed the assessment of general well being (Rand 36-item Health Survey), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), coping strategies (Jalowiec Coping Scale), levels of hope (Herth Hope Scale), social support network (Norbeck Social Support Scale). Additional questions were constructed to assess illness-related knowledge, use of alternative therapies, the importance of spirituality and satisfaction with the way the diagnosis was delivered. Demographically the individuals involved with the study differed little from other reports on MND. Psychologically, low mood was evident in over three quarters of the subjects. However, only 10 percent could be described as depressed. Coping strategies most frequently used was a problem solving approach and a dependency mechanism least frequently. Fifty three of the 74 in the study group held favourable levels of hope. For such a terrible diagnosis it was most disturbing that 45 percent of those with MND thought that the information made available at diagnosis was inadequate. Of even greater concern was the fact that three quarters said that the diagnosis was disclosed in a brutal manner, with 61 % saying the manner was officious and factual. Many individuals with MND had a poor knowledge about the disease with 40 percent believing that MND was a disorder of the muscles and one third did not know the median survival in this condition. Twenty three of the 74 admitted to using at least one alternative therapy at some stage. Expectedly, MND had a significant adverse effect on the life style, financial situation, social life, physical disability , psychological state and overall quality of life of many involved in the study. Only family relationships appeared to show little change following the diagnosis of MND. Despite great strains on marital harmony spouses remained the main carers in over half of the individuals with MND. People with MND suffer greatly from the moment that the diagnosis is communicated through the depression of relentless muscle weakness and finally death from aspiration or respiratory failure. This study has highlighted that in general the care available to those suffering from MND is rather a hit or miss affair. Several measures to meet the specific needs of those diagnosed with MND are discussed. Most important of all is the need to better anticipate the rapidly changing needs of such individuals and for the medical and nursing professionals to be aware of the great harm they cause by removing all hope by well meaning frankness and the good they can do by offering support at all stages of the disease.
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Dao, Tran Tiet Hanh. "Stressful life events, modifiable lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and chronic disease among older women in Vietnam and Australia : a cross-cultural comparison." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105851/6/Tiet%20Hanh%20Dao%20Tran%20Thesis.pdf.

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This research validated measures to assess stress, social support, sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life and compared stress, lifestyle, and health of older women in Vietnam and Australia. The research revealed a number of differences in stressful life event exposure among women in these nations. Also, Vietnamese women were more likely to report higher levels of daily physical activity, no exercise; and having sleep problems, depression, and low physical health. High BMIs, smoking and alcohol consumption were more common among Australian women. Stress and lifestyle impacted health for Vietnamese and Australian women in different patterns.
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Wang, Wan-Sheng, and n/a. "A Study of Relationships Between Educational Activities and the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Members of Chinese Community Groups." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070104.153050.

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Most immigrants have to adjust their lives to living in a new country, especially when moving from an Eastern to a Western society. Chinese immigrants may face multiple difficulties, including cultural differences and the English language barrier, which are a particularly problem for older immigrants. To overcome these difficulties, many Chinese immigrants either form new community groups or join those currently operating. Normally, Chinese community groups provide a wide range of activities for members. The literature (e.g., Diener, 1984; Cantor & Sanderson, 1999; Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) provides some understanding of the value for new immigrants in attending these group activities. Participating members report improved life satisfaction within new society and have a more positive outcome as a result of their involvement. However, the magnitude of the influence life satisfaction and well-being is not as clear. This research aimed to better understand the relationships between participation in community group activities and the life satisfaction and well-being of participating members. A quantitative research method was adopted for this study to investigate the relationships between the variables. The study utilised a questionnaire that focused on specific demographic characteristics of participants, a 5-item life satisfaction measure (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), a short 18-item measure (Ryff, 1989a) of the six dimensions of psychological well-being, and on other factors likely to impinge on life satisfaction and well-being. The 7-point agreement scale asked participants the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the statements. The questionnaire was offered to participants in both English and Chinese. Questionnaires were completed by 600 Chinese-speaking immigrants from Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore who were participants in educational activities and/or other activities offered through 21 different Chinese community groups in Brisbane. Four hundred took part in 20 different educational group activities, and 200 in 25 different non-educational group activities. Most participants were female, and approximately two thirds were over 50 years of age. Using AMOS, a number of structural equations models (SEMs) were tested to investigate the conceptually proposed links between the various variables. This study supports other literature, finding that both educational and general activities provided by the community groups positively influence the participating members' life satisfaction and feelings of well-being. The majority of participants in this study reported that they considered participating in community group educational activities (74.2% agreed), and general activities (66.6%), had the most impact on their life satisfaction and well-being. Most participants (70%) found that community group activities, both educational and general, were interesting. However, only around 53% of them claimed to have achieved their goals in these activities. The findings of this study indicate the complexity of the influences on life satisfaction and well-being levels facing this cohort of Chinese immigrants. Although results suggest that demographic variables such as year of migration and employment status have a greater influence on life satisfaction and well-being than educational activities and general activities, the outcomes of this study support the conclusion that the participating members have benefited from the variety of programs offered by Chinese community groups.
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Marquis, Ruth. "The meaning of quality in living service environments: An analysis of the experiences of people with disabilities, elderly people and service workers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/976.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of both people with disabilities and elderly people and to identify their perceptions of quality as it relates to living in a service or being supported by a service to live in the community. The study was naturalistic in design and used a phenomenological approach and inductive analysis. It involved immersion in living services for a two year period, in-depth interviews with people living and working in services and participant observation. Fifty service users between the ages of twenty-one and ninety-six, and twenty-six service workers between the ages of twenty-six and fifty-four were informants in the study. The study comprised of three phases, the first phase involved repeated in-depth interviews with service users in two disability and two aged care living services to examine the experiences of people living in services and their perceptions of quality. As a result of the consistency with which relationships with key staff members emerged in the context of quality experiences, selected service workers who were named by service users were also interviewed. The findings in this phase indicated that relationships experienced by service users in their encounters with service workers were more significant in service users' evaluation of quality than tangible acts of physical and environmental care. Relational experiences of people living in services were variable. Some informants experienced consistent validation and socio-emotional support, whilst others experienced role distancing and negative communication experiences. Service workers who were interviewed as a result of being identified by service users in the context of quality, attached importance to the relational domain in the acts and behaviours of providing a service. They also attached personal meaning to their roles as service workers and shared the view that their role as service worker was underpinned by an ethos of communality. The second phase of the study involved accessing another five disability and five aged care services to collect further data to support or refute the findings from phase one. As a result a large data bank was established to confirm the consistency with which relational experiences in living services were linked to perceptions of quality by both service users and service providers. Acts and behaviours which were consistently present in the context of quality were also identified and the need for emotional support in the living context was further confirmed. The third phase of the study involved an in-depth analysis and identification of commonly experienced categories of relationships between service users and workers. Relationships were categorised into ethical and technical living service experiences and exemplars used to illustrate findings. Data analysis indicated that service experiences lie on a continuum, with mutually supportive relationships between service users and workers at one end, and physical and psychological abuse at the other. Experiences were variable in singular service contexts. This highlighted the individual nature of service relationships between service users and workers and the need to articulate human service as relationship. It also highlighted the inadequacies of using standard measures to evaluate quality in living services.
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Senanayake, Sameera Jayan. "Prediction of graft survival and cost effectiveness of kidney transplantation according to donor quality levels in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211469/1/Sameera%20Jayan_Senanayake_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis sought to better understand how quality of donor kidneys and allocating kidneys based on the presumed longevity can increase value for money in donor kidney use. It showed that remaining on dialysis in the hope of receiving a superior-quality kidney is not a cost-effective strategy for any age group. If the Australian kidney allocation system can enable low-quality kidneys for older recipients, this will reduce discard rates, and promote the best value for all donated kidneys. The new index developed to predict graft failure demonstrated adequate potential to make pre-transplantation predictions about the longevity of a donated kidney.
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O'Driscoll, Catherine T. "A study to determine the quality of life and experiences for liver and kidney transplant recipients and living kidney donors in Western Australia : the economic implications." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0077.

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The use of quality-of-life as an outcome measure provides detailed information about the effectiveness of medical treatments than morbidity or mortality rates alone. The use of quality-of-life data in the clinical setting can inform patients regarding treatment options, treatment benefits and costs. In competing health care markets, outcome measurement is regarded as important as it is concerned with the impact of health care practice and affects health policy decisions. Doessel (1978) conducted the first Australian study on the cost-effectiveness analysis of renal replacement therapies. The study was based on Klarman, Francis & Rosenthal's (1968) the study, where the output was measured in terms of the number of life years gained from kidney transplantation, and a twenty-five percent weight was allocated in an attempt to capture quality-of-life from kidney transplantation. Doessel (1978) used two sources of data: Australian data (Disney 1974) and European data (Gurland et al. 1973; Shiel et al. 1974). The study measured life years gained, and agreed with the Klarman et al. (1974) findings that transplantation is the most effective way to increase life expectancy of persons with chronic renal disease (Butler & Doessel 1989). The outputs of the alternative treatments were not reported in monetary terms; the study focused on life years gained as the output measure. Hence the importance of this current study, which includes a cost-effectiveness analysis for cadaver liver, and living kidney transplantation for end-stage liver and kidney disease patients. Calls to respect patient autonomy and to produce patient-centered outcomes have recently brought the patient’s point of view back into the center of clinical medicine (Sullivan 2003). Survival rates indicate one measure of outcome however they do not reflect patients’ perceptions of health benefit or experiences. Noting that patients’ psychosocial effect on functioning is of more concern to them than their physical Thesis Preamble iii ability, that more accurate knowledge of patients’ conditions be measured prior to transplantation (Tarter et al. 1991). Recently researchers advocated investigating transplant patients' states of health to assess the social benefit of these expensive health care services from their perspective (Joralemon & Fujinaga 1997). The current study's mixed method, bridges the gaps in treatment outcome measurements, as the mixed method applied (Creswell 1994; Sim & Sharp 1998) prospectively measured quality-oflife, determined health utility, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). The study reported the living donors experience of the donation process, described their needs; expressed using a new psychosocial model supporting future living kidney donor's during the donation process.
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Lybrand, Sean. "Health related quality of life and the burden of disease in Australian rheumatology practice /." [St. Lucia, Qld. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17399.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Skinner, Natalie. Australian work and life index 2012: Work-life balance in South Australia 2012 : AWALI. Magill, SA, Adelaide: Centre for Work + Life, University of South Australia, 2012.

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To firmer ground: Restoring hope in Australia. Sydney, N.S.W: University of New South Wales, 2007.

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1946-, Richardson Sue, ed. Living decently: Material well-being in Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Blanchflower, David G. Happiness and the human development index: The paradox of Australia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Blanchflower, David G. Happiness and the human development index: The paradox of Australia. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Hawthorne, Graeme. Australian validation of the quality of life in depression scale. Fairfield, Victoria: Monash University, 1996.

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1954-, Watson Ian, ed. Fragmented futures: New challenges in working life. Annandale, N.S.W: Federation Press, 2003.

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Australian Centre for Asthma Monitoring. Measuring the impact of asthma on quality of life in the Australian population. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004.

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When the luck runs out: The future for Australians at work. Sydney: Harper & Row, 1985.

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Hunter, Boyd. Survey Analysis for Indigenous Policy in Australia: Social Sciences Perspectives. Canberra: ANU Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Cummins, Robert A. "Australia, Quality of Life." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 303–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_137.

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Cummins, Robert A., Jacqueline Woerner, Adrian Tomyn, and Adele Gibson-Prosser. "Quality of Life in Australia." In Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research, 459–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2421-1_21.

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Lee, A. H., L. B. Meuleners, and M. L. Fraser. "Adolescent Quality of Life in Australia." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures, 2537–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_148.

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Cummins, Robert A. "Australia, Personal Wellbeing Index." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3991-2.

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Weinberg, Melissa K., and Robert A. Cummins. "The Distribution of Quality of Life in Australia." In Global Handbook of Quality of Life, 609–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9178-6_28.

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Russell-Bennett, Rebekah, Geoff Smith, Kathleen Chell, and Jennifer Goulden. "Social Influence and Blood Donation: Cultural Differences Between Scotland and Australia." In Applying Quality of Life Research, 133–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19869-9_7.

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Cummins, Robert A. "Gender Dimensions of Life Quality for Adults in Australia." In Gender, Lifespan and Quality of Life, 25–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7829-0_3.

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Cummins, Robert A. "Australia, Personal Well-Being Index." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 297–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3991.

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Han, Hoon, Yong Moon Jung, and Xueying Xiong. "Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life." In The Ageing of Australian Ethnic Minorities, 89–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2796-4_7.

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Dunphy, Kim, and Vicki-Ann Ware. "Dance and Quality of Life for Indigenous Communities in Australia." In Dance and the Quality of Life, 495–512. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95699-2_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Jessica, Diandra, Fazlul K. Rabbanee, and M. Quaddus. "HABITUAL PURCHASE OF GREEN PRODUCTS AND QUALITY OF LIFE – EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.06.06.04.

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Sunjaya, A. P., L. Poulos, G. L. Di Tanna, G. Marks, H. Reddel, and C. Jenkins. "Impact of breathlessness on quality of life and healthcare use in Australia." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.2251.

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Waggit, Peter W., and Alan R. Hughes. "History of Groundwater Chemistry Changes (1979–2001) at the Nabarlek Uranium Mine, Australia." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4640.

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The Nabarlek uranium mine is located in the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia. The site lies in the wet/dry topics with an annual rainfall of about 1400mm, which falls between October and April. The site operated as a “no release” mine and mill between 1979 and 1988 after which time the facility was mothballed until decommissioning was required by the Supervising Authorities in 1994. The dismantling of the mill and rehabilitation earthworks were completed in time for the onset of the 1995–96 wet season. During the operational phase accumulation of excess water resulted in irrigation of waste water being allowed in areas of natural forest bushland. The practice resulted in adverse impacts being observed, including a high level of tree deaths in the forest and degradation of water quality in both ground and surface waters in the vicinity. A comprehensive environmental monitoring programme was in place throughout the operating and rehabilitation phases of the mine’s life, which continues, albeit at a reduced level. Revegetation of the site, including the former irrigation areas, is being observed to ascertain if the site can be handed back to the Aboriginal Traditional Owners. A comprehensive review of proximal water sampling points was undertaken in 2001 and the data used to provide a snapshot of water quality to assist with modelling the long term prognosis for the water resources in the area. While exhibiting detectable effects of mining activities, water in most of the monitoring bores now meets Australian drinking water guideline levels. The paper reviews the history of the site and examines the accumulated data on water quality for the site to show how the situation is changing with time. The paper also presents an assessment of the long term future of the site in respect of water quality.
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Aghniya, Rofana, Bhisma Murti, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Depression Comorbidity on the Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.56.

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Background: The prevalence of depression is two to three times higher in diabetic patients, while most cases remain undiagnosed. The quality of life is substantially and adversely affected by depression. This study aimed to estimate the effect of depression comorbidity on patients’ quality of life with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, Spinger Link, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “comorbidity depression and DM”, “depression and quality of life and DM and cross sectional study”, “depression and quality of life and DM and adjusted odd ratio”, “depression or diabetes”, “depression or quality of life or DM or adjusted odd ratio”. The study criteria were full text, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The selected articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3 with fixed effect models. Results: 8 studies from Uganda, Iran, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Nigeria, Brazil, and Nepal, were selected for this study. Current study reported that type 2 DM patients with depression had lower quality of life than those without depression (aOR= 2.72; 95% CI= 0.73 to 10.07; p<0.0001) Conclusion: Type 2 DM patient with depression has lower quality of life than those without depression. Keywords: depression, quality of life, diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Rofana Aghniya. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rofanaaa@gmail.com. Mobile: +685523528340.
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Prime, Samantha, Hannah Carter, Steven Mcphail, Helen Petsky, Anne Chang, Nicholas Graves, and Julie Marchant. "Chronic wet cough in Australian children: societal costs and quality of life." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa2842.

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Li, Yuxi, Ankur Singh, and Rebecca Bentley. "P74 Clustering of housing disadvantages and association with quality of life among Australian children." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-ssmabstracts.166.

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Kondo, Takahiro, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Rumi Matsushita, and Takako Kobayashi. "Psychological Effects Resulting From Sailing Access Dinghies." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79826.

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Access dinghies were designed in Australia to improve the quality of life and extend the scope of people’s activity. Unlike other dinghy yachts, access dinghies are universal-design pleasure boats that allow a wide range of people to enjoy sailing, regardless of age, the degree of disability, and experience. In this research, a questionnaire survey was conducted on people enjoying access dinghies using the semantic differential method to investigate broadening of the range of spatial activities and the mental rehabilitation effect resulting from sailing access dinghies. The results demonstrated that sailing access dinghies has a positive mental effect upon people.
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Hodgson, C. L., and The PREDICT Study Investigators. "Change in Quality of Life and Work Status After Admission to an Australian Intensive Care Unit." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6218.

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Glaspole, Ian, Nicole Goh, Peter Hopkins, Yuben Moodley, P. N. Reynolds, E. H. Walters, Christopher Zappala, et al. "Quality of life of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) - What can the Australian IPF registry tell us?" In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa4964.

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Hessami, Mir-Akbar. "A Study of the Efficiency of Plate Freezing vs. Blast Freezing of Boxed Boneless Meat in an Abattoir." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56847.

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Meat export is a major industry in Australia, and meat packaging and freezing is an energy intensive activity, requiring an objective technical investigation. This study was undertaken in order to assess the relative merits of plate and air blast freezing methods used in industry. To describe the efficiency and the technical superiority of one method over the other, in this paper, the details of an experimental study involving time-temperature measurement of meat boxes inside a plate freezer and a blast freezer under normal working conditions are provided. For the configurations used in this study, it is shown that the freezing time is much shorter for plate freezing, and also there is a much smaller variation in freezing time of various boxes compared to those for blast freezing. The smaller variation in freezing time of various boxes in each batch would help preserve the quality of meat being frozen. Also, it is explained that despite the initial higher capital cost of plate freezing, the total cost over the life of the equipment is much smaller for plate freezing compared to blast freezing.
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Reports on the topic "Quality of life Australia"

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Hamann, Christian, and Kate Joseph. Quality of Life Survey V (2017/18): The quality of life of students in Gauteng. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/tjus7487.

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Naughton, Michelle J. Quality of Life and Functional Status Across the Life Course. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457557.

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Naughton, Michelle J. Quality of Life and Functional Status across the Life Course. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472074.

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Pessino, Carola, and Teresa Ter-Minassian. Addressing the Fiscal Costs of Population Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean, with Lessons from Advanced Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003242.

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This paper presents projections for 18 Latin America and Caribbean countries of pensions and health expenditures over the next 50 years, compares them to advanced countries, and calculates estimates of the fiscal gap due to aging. The exercise is crucial since life expectancy is increasing and fertility rates are declining in virtually all advanced countries and many developing countries, but more so in Latin America and the Caribbean. While the populations of many of the regions countries are still relatively young, they are aging more rapidly than those in more developed countries. The fiscal implications of these demographic trends are severe. The paper proposes policy and institutional reforms that could begin to be implemented immediately and that could help moderate these trends in light of relevant international experience to date. It suggests that LAC countries need to include an intertemporal numerical fiscal limit or rule to the continuous increase in aging spending while covering the needs of the more vulnerable. They should consider also complementing public pensions with voluntary contribution mechanisms supported by tax incentives, such as those used in Australia, New Zealand (Kiwi Saver), and the United States (401k). In addition, LAC countries face an urgent challenge in curbing the growth of health care costs, while improving the quality of care. Efforts should focus on improving both the allocative and the technical efficiency of public health spending.
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Daly, Mary B. Quality of Life After Prophylactic Oophorectomy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428590.

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Daly, Mary B. Quality of Life After Prophylactic Oophorectomy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412199.

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Daly, Mary B. Quality of Life After Prophylactic Oophorectomy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418388.

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Helliwell, John. Life Satisfaction and Quality of Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14507.

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Wilcove, Gerry L., and Michael J. Schwerin. 1999 Navy Quality of Life: Survey Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406102.

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