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Arvola, Mattias. "Good to use! : Use quality of multi-user applications in the home." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, MDI - Interaction and Service Design Research Group, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5686.
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Traditional models of usability are not sufficient for software in the home, since they are built with office software in mind. Previous research suggest that social issues among other things, separate software in homes from software in offices. In order to explore that further, the use qualities to design for, in software for use in face-to-face meetings at home were contrasted to such systems at offices. They were studied using a pluralistic model of use quality with roots in socio-cultural theory, cognitive systems engineering, and architecture. The research approach was interpretative design cases. Observations, situated interviews, and workshops were conducted at a Swedish bank, and three interactive television appliances were designed and studied in simulated home environments. It is concluded that the use qualities to design for in infotainment services on interactive television are laidback interaction, togetherness among users, and entertainment. This is quite different from bank office software that usually is characterised by not only traditional usability criteria such as learnability, flexibility, effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, but also professional face management and ante-use. Ante-use is the events and activities that precedes the actual use that will set the ground for whether the software will have quality in use or not. Furthermore, practices for how to work with use quality values, use quality objectives, and use quality criteria in the interaction design process are suggested. Finally, future research in design of software for several co-present users is proposed.
Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2002:61.
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Kabecha, Wanjau Wa. "The quality of informal sector production : poor quality or quality for the poor." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36247/.
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A glance through the voluminous literature on micro-enterprises clearly shows the existence of robust information on the role, definition and the importance of informal sector in economic development. The literature however contributes very little to knowledge on the technological dimension of the sector. Little is known about the quality of products manufactured in the sector although much has been written on quality in large scale manufacturing. This research attempts to fill this gap by exploring the status of quality in micro-enterprises and the factors that contribute to it. The adopted methodology consisted of producer and consumer surveys. This was complemented by product tests, and experiments to determine the applicability of interventions to improve quality. User-based measures of quality formed the basis of measurement in this research. The products were found to be of poor quality in that they did not fulfill the task and non-task attributes that underlie a purchase by a consumer. The low quality was attributed to inadequate facilities and processes, poor quality materials and a low level of skills in the sector. Quality may be improved through either changing these inputs or raising their quality. The findings revealed a wide range of innovative behaviour by micro-enterpreneurs. However, the micro-entrepreneurs were found to be perpetuating an imitative model which inhibits their innovative capability. Interventions directed at improving products, processes and skills could empower micro-entrepreneurs through building their self confidence which could in turn generate fresh innovations.
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Haghverdian, Pol, and Martin Olsson. "Identification of cloud service use-cases and quality aspects:end-user perspective : Learnability, Operability and Security quality attributes and their corresponding use cases." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12753.
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Context. With the entry of smart-phones on the market in the beginningof 2007, the integration of an mp3 player, camera and gps into an all in onedevice. As the integration was realized, creating and storing own contentbecame easier. Therefore the need of more storage became a problem as thesmart-phones were limited in capacity. The 3G network was on the rise andthe cloud solutions could help to contribute to the storage problems usersstarted to have. Objectives. In this study we will evaluate what can be done with use casesin terms of quality attributes, seeing it from a users perspective by havingusers rank use cases for cloud services. With further investigation we willmake a contribution of what the differences between public and personalclouds are. Methods. Use-cases were found by the conducted empirical study andwere based on a Systematic mapping review. In this review, a number ofarticle sources are used, including Google search, Bth summon and Googlescholar. Studies were selected after reading the articles and checked if thepapers matched our defined inclusion criteria. We also designed a surveywith variable amount of questions depending on what the participant wouldanswer. The questions were featured in terms of functionality interpretedfrom the use-cases found in the SLM. Results. Through our SLM we found six different use-cases which were Recovery, Collaborative working, Password protection, Backup, Version tracking and Media streaming. The identified quality attributes gave two or moremappings to their corresponding use-case. As for the comparison betweendifferent clouds, only two out of six use-cases where implemented for the Personal cloud. Conclusions. This gave us the conclusion that the vendors have beenmostly focusing on the storage part of the Personal cloud, but there are solutions in order to increase the functionalities. Those solutions will probably not fit everyone as it includes open source software, with skills of handling installation and other procedures by the user.
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Fickel, Jacqueline Jean. "Quality of care assessment : state Medicaid administrators' use of quality information." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077639.
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Hastings, Tricia A. "Factors that Predict Quality Classroom Technology Use." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1257194863.
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Murray, Phillip Dominic. "Urban land use /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm983.pdf.
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Akhtar, Farhan Hussain. "Use of inverse modeling in air quality management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37213.
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Inverse modeling has been used in the past to constrain atmospheric model parameters, particularly emission estimates, based upon ambient measurements. Here, inverse modeling is applied to air quality planning by calculating how emissions should change to achieve desired reduction in air pollutants. Specifically, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are adjusted to achieve reductions in tropospheric ozone, a respiratory irritant, during an historic episode of elevated concentrations in urban Atlanta, GA. Understanding how emissions should change in aggregate without specifying discrete abatement options is particularly applicable to long-term and regional air pollution management. Using a cost/benefit approach, desired reductions in ozone concentrations are found for a future population in Atlanta, GA. The inverse method is applied to find NOx emission adjustments to reach this desired reduction in air pollution. An example of how emissions adjustments may aid the planning process in two neighborhoods is demonstrated using urban form indicators from a land use and transportation database. Implications of this method on establishing regional and market-based air quality management systems in light of recent legal decisions are also discussed. Both ozone and secondary particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) are formed in the atmosphere from common precursor species. Recent assessments of air quality management policies have stressed the need for pollutant abatement strategies addressing these mutual sources. The relative contribution of several important precursor species (NOx, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) to the formation of ozone and secondary PM2.5 in Atlanta during May 2007 - April 2008 is simulated using CMAQ/DDM-3D. This sensitivity analysis is then used to find adjustments in emissions of precursor species to achieve goal reductions for both ozone and secondary PM2.5 during a summertime episode of elevated concentrations. A discussion of the implications of these controls on air pollutant concentrations during the remaining year follows.
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Bentley, Brian Todd, and n/a. "Quality in use : addressing and validating affective requirements." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070214.143122.
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From a user's perspective, product quality has typically been equated to usability, where the primary focus is performance (i.e. efficiency and effectiveness) and user satisfaction. This view on quality has been adequate to validate the 'fitness for purpose' for many products. However, many other products, such as computer games or at-home-technologies, are not based solely on performance-based qualities. By defining and validating the quality of these non-performance-based technologies using the same measures as performance-based technologies fails to address a key quality � the ability of the product to create fun, enjoyment, or other user affective experiences. This thesis investigates system quality issues in non-performance-based technologies, primarily addressing affect. It explores what affect is in relation to system quality, how can affect impact quality in use, what product characteristics can aid in the creation of positive user affect, and how to validate whether a product successfully created the desired user affect. To begin, current knowledge about the relationship between systems development, quality in use, and affect is summarised. Concepts used synonymously with affect were studied (e.g. satisfaction, user experience, emotion). It was found that these are related to affect, but are not affect themselves. Following this, a broad survey asking users to identify product characteristics that create positive affect during use is reported on. Results showed that the system characteristics of learnability, feedback, curiosity, and user cooperation can each increase and enhance positive user affect experienced.
If it is an aim for the system to create an affective experience in a user then this should be considered a requirement of the system; and as a requirement, it is necessary to validate that it achieves this aim. To this end, a laboratory study exploring psycho-physiology and cued-recall debrief as methods to evaluate user affect was conducted. Results revealed that both methods show promise for evaluating user affect. Cued-recall is capable of identifying specific user affects, but is limited because it relies on the user to report these affects. Physiological measures can objectively identify when a person is experiencing affect, but is limited because it is not possible to determine what affect is being experienced. Combined, these methods represent an optimal and viable evaluation method for user affect.
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Holmlid, Stefan. "Adapting users : towards a theory of use quality /." Linköping : Dep. of Computer and Information Science, Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek765s.pdf.
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Bentley, Brian Todd. "Quality in use addressing and validating affective requirements /." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070214.143122/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.[Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006]. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-231).
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Granstedt, Möller Erik. "The Use of Machine Learningin Industrial Quality Control." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216163.
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Nissen, Lisa Monique. "Quality use of medicines : from drug use evaluation to rural community pharmacy practice /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16549.pdf.
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Gildea, Jason James. "Relationships Between Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Water-Quality Trends in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33253.
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This research examines the relationships between land use and surface water quality trends in Virginia. Data from 168 surface water quality monitoring stations throughout Virginia were analyzed for trends for the period of 1978 to 1995. Water-quality data available at these stations included dissolved oxygen saturation (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, total residue (TR), non-filterable residue (NFR), nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform (FC). A seasonal Kendall analysis was used to determine trends for each water-quality parameter at each station; this analysis produced an indicator (Kendall's tau) of improving or declining water quality. Median values for each water-quality variable were also determined at the monitoring stations.
Virginia land use was determined from the USGS Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data (1970s) and the Multi-resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) data (1990s). Land-use variables included urban, forest, pasture, cropland, total agriculture, and urban change. These six variables were correlated with Kendall's tau to determine if relationships exist between water-quality trends and land use. Water-quality medians and land use were also correlated.
In general, highly forested watersheds in Virginia were associated with improving water quality over the 1978 to 1995 study period. These watersheds were also commonly associated with better water quality as measured by the water-quality medians. Watersheds with less agricultural land tended to be associated with improving water quality. Better water quality, as measured by the water-quality medians, was generally associated with watersheds possessing fewer urban acres. There were few significant relationships between water-quality medians and agricultural variables.Master of Science
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Tylka, Megan L. "Interactions between Lake Water Quality and Urban Land Cover." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TylkaML2009.pdf.
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Sherwood, Kenneth F. "Evaluating the outcome of Quality Circles." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1989. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13802/.
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In the period from about 1980 to 1983 many companies in this country were adopting programmes of Quality Circles, some claiming substantial financial returns from them. However the Circles clearly had far greater potential, for example in developing individuals and in encouraging greater involvement of the work-force in decision-making. A limited preliminary survey discovered virtually no evidence of quantifiable benefits dervied from a Circle programme. Few companies appeared to have clear objectives when introducing programmes of Circles, while none were found to be evaluating them, even informally. A more detailed study was then carried out of the Circles in a medium-sized engineering company, using interviews, questionnaires and case histories. The selection and training of the Circle Facilitator were found to be key factors in evaluating the Circles. The findings pointed also to the vital importance of setting clear objectives before instituting Circle programmes, with a time scale for their achievement. Training was shown to be a major factor in the success of the Circles, while most importantly, failure appeared more likely when the Circles were not integrated into a wider programme for quality. The final stages of the work were accordingly carried out in a company whose programme of Quality Circles was intended to form part of a company-wide quality improvement scheme. The impact of each programme on the other was examined. Primary factors for success were shown to be willingness to accept changes whilst being prepared for them. Another important factor in the evaluation of a Circle programme was found to be the nature and extent of the training provided for it. Absence of trust emerged as one of the principal reasons for Circles failing to succeed while a contributory factor was when Circles were seen by employees to be merely a tool of management.
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Howard, Jane Elizabeth. "A study of quality circle development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13926/.
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Quality circles are a form of group activity designed to impact on attitudes to work and to improve company performance. This study notes the introduction and rise in importance of this phenomenon in UK industry and sets out to examine the concept in operation. The quality circle is defined and explored and its aims and objectives are examined. The literature on quality circles is reviewed and is found to comprise mainly anecdotal articles written for management journals, although the amount of rigorous research is growing. Its place in wider management theory is then considered, focussing on a number of key areas which the quality circle can be said to span. The second part of the thesis describes the case study of quality circles in action at an electronics firm, which was the backbone of the three year research programme. A number of hypotheses were developed and they are discussed in turn. A research methodology was subsequently devised to throw light on the most significant of these hypotheses, using three main techniques - attitude survey, interview and group process observation. The resultant data is described and presented in tables to be found in the appendices. Conclusions are drawn about the quality circle programme under scrutiny. It was not thought prudent to generalise too far, but a number of less specific conclusions are expressed, together with suggestions for further work in the field which would generate useful results.
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Krasachol, Ladawan. "The development of quality management in Thailand." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11470/.
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This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the development of quality management in Thailand. The research was conducted in order to draw up an overall picture of quality progress in Thai industry, to provide useful insights for Thai companies and policy-makers, as well as to compare Thailand with other developing countries. This research has adopted an integrated approach to research methodology comprising both survey and case study methods. Four linked empirical research projects were conducted to obtain an insight into quality management, particularly the ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, Total Quality Management (TQM), and a 'foundation level' quality system, within Thai industry. The in-depth study of ISO 9000 implementation identifies the driving forces encouraging Thai industry to pursue ISO 9000; four types of ISO 9000 implementation process; implementation factors and obstacles; the impact of implementation process and future plans after a company has achieved ISO 9000 registration. The study of TQM implementation in companies located in Thailand reveals that the companies studied have each adopted different, but successful, approaches to TQM implementation. The Thai Foundation Quality System Standard (TFQSS) has been proved to be suitable for Thai SMEs. Findings from the four individual research project together provide some new insights into the development and implementation of quality management in a Thai perspective. As a result of the study, a TQM framework was developed. The framework identifies three broad dimensions of quality management in a Thai organisation, which are: - Three aspects of quality management; Five stages of development; and Four implementation paradigms. An organisation that wishes to embark on a quality journey can examine its status against the framework in order to start, or to improve a particular aspect that is found to be unsatisfactory. After identifying some criteria for the assessment of national quality development, a simple model of quality management in developing countries is proposed to depict comparative characteristics of quality management within these countries. It is concluded that, among developing countries in South and East Asian region, Thailand is in the middle of the spectrum of development.
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Brandt, Patrik. "Information in use : aspects of information quality in workflows /." Karlskrona : School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2007. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/01f1d3898cbbd490c12568160037fb62/e7dea68ff7c42604c12572b10051f3e6!OpenDocument.
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Moutafis, Roxanne Alexis. "Symptomatology and life quality as predictors of emergent use." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277089.
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A nursing concern for patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) is to assist the patient/family in improving adaptation strategies and self-care abilities. Identification of emotional and behavioral characteristics impacting on symptoms and life quality may predict individuals at risk for greater utilization of health care resources. The purpose of this descriptive study was to apply Traver's Prediction Formula for Emergent Use to a more general COAD population to determine if the formula would accurately predict those subjects who have high versus low emergent use of institutional health care resources. Fifty subjects with a range of COAD severity were studied. Subjects completed instruments which measured symptoms and life quality: the Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist and the Sickness-Impact Profile. Findings demonstrated Traver's Formula predicted low emergent subjects with 76 percent accuracy, high emergent subjects with 53 percent accuracy and predicted the overall emergent status of subjects with 67 percent accuracy.
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Sharma, Neeraj. "Use of Ultrasound to Predict Ink-jet Print Quality." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1117649252.
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Sinno, Rami Assem 1964. "Quality assurance for the clinical ferromagnetic seeds project." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276967.
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Surgically implanted thermoregulating ferromagnetic seeds as a mean of inducing hyperthermia in malignant tumors has been successfully introduced in a clinical environment at the University of Arizona. This work covers topics in quality assurance for the method on two levels. The first level deals with the magnetic induction system where magnetic and electric fields are measured. A discussion on safety levels for patients and treatment personnel is given, and an optically coupled probe for magnetic field measurements is described. The second level treats the electrical characteristics of the ferromagnetic seeds. Systems to measure the permeability and conductivity of the seeds are presented with some typical results. Finally, hysteresis power loss in a seed is measured and compared to losses due to eddy currents.
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Santos, Gilmar Oliveira [UNESP]. "Uso e ocupação do solo e monitoramento dos recursos hídricos na microbacia do Córrego do Ipê, Ilha Solteira, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98787.
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O Brasil possui um grande potencial hídrico, porém, apresenta deficiência em termos de monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo das águas e conhecimento do entorno que possam acarretar em impactos ambientais. Assim, este trabalho teve como propósito apresentar o uso e ocupação do solo e as áreas com uso em conflito e as respectivas influências no monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo das águas para fins de irrigação na microbacia do córrego do Ipê, município de Ilha Solteira, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Determinou-se o uso e ocupação do solo nos anos de 1978 e 2011 a partir de fotografias aéreas e por fusão de imagens de satélite CBERS 2B HRC e Landsat-5, respectivamente. Os períodos de análise qualitativos das águas foram realizados de 2006 a 2011 e quantitativo de 2009 a 2011. Foram georreferenciados quatro pontos de monitoramento na microbacia. A relação entre uso e ocupação do solo e o monitoramento qualitativo foi obtido através da correlação de Pearson. A microbacia apresentou drástica mudança de uso e ocupação do solo, sendo o predomínio da pastagem ocupada pela cultura da cana-de-açúcar, além de apresentar mais de 62% das áreas de preservação permanente em conflito com uso antrópico. O ferro total foi o parâmetro que apresentou maior potencial de geração de danos aos sistemas de irrigação e os coliformes fecais e totais apresentaram valores preocupantes, principalmente nos pontos 3 e 4 de monitoramento, influenciando o desempenho dos sistemas de irrigação e impactando no consumo e em alimentos in natura. O manancial apresentou disponibilidade hídrica acima da vazão mínima de 7 dias consecutivos com período de retorno de 10 anos durante todo o período de monitoramento. As reduzidas áreas de preservação permanente, a má conservação do solo e a expansão...
Brazil has a large hydro potential, although, deficient in terms of qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water and knowledge of the environment that may result in environmental impacts. This study aimed to provide qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water for irrigation purposes and the influences caused by the use and occupation of land in the watershed of the stream of Ipê, city of Ilha Solteira, northwest of São Paulo. It was determined the use and occupation of land in the years 1978 and 2011 from aerial photographs and satellite images fusion of CBERS 2B HRC and Landsat-5, respectively. The periods of analysis of water quality were conducted from 2006 to 2011 and from 2009 to 2011 quantitatively. Four points were georeferenced monitoring in the watershed. To see the influences used the Pearson correlation. The watershed had a drastic change in the use and occupation, and the predominance of grazing leading to culture of cane sugar, which in both tests was obtained over 62% of permanent preservation areas in conflict with anthropic use. The total iron was the parameter with the highest power generation of damage to irrigation systems and fecal coliforms and total values were worrying, especially in sections 3 and 4 monitoring, influencing the performance of irrigation systems and impacting on consumption and fresh food. The spring water availability presented above the Q7,10 throughout the monitoring period. The small permanent preservation areas, poor soil conservation and uncontrolled expansion of urban areas resulted in the deterioration of water quality and availability, generating socio-economic and environmental area, since it is part of the watershed areas of strategic interest is to urban expansion planned by director's town while the growth potential of irrigated agriculture
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Samaan, Jihad. "Characterisation of grain quality of Syrian durum wheat genotypes affecting milling performance and end-use quality." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2450.
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Durum wheat is a strategic crop in Syria produced in high quantities and used mainly for the production of Arabic bread, bulgur and pasta. This investigation is the first known systematic study relating the grain quality of nine domestic cultivars to milling performance and pasta quality in order to map the Syrian dururn wheat characteristics onto the world market requirementsa nd henced eterminet he potential export developmentF. urthermore,i t examinest he influenceo f environment,g enotypea nd their interactiono n the physiochemicacl haracteristicso f five dururnw heat cultivars grown in five different locations under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Syria. AACC standardm ethodsw ere principally usedi n this investigation. Despitet he soundnesso f grainsr evealedb y elevatedt est weight (83.1-85.9k ghl*'), 1000k ernel weight (42.50-55.0g ) and falling number (433-597s ec), it is necessary to improve the kernel quality of Syrian durum wheat for the degree of vitreousness and total protein content (average quality data were 65% and 12.6% respectively) for better end-use product quality. In addition, irrigation demonstrated a significant effect on kernel quality traits, for example, irrigated samples showed the highest test weights. The importance of three physiochermical markers, namely total protein content, the degree of vitreousness and kernel hardness was substantiated and presented useful indicators for future development in Syrian durum wheat breeding programmes. Optimum cooking time of pasta and cooked pasta firmness correlated significantly with final viscosity (r = 0.51,0.73), dough development time (r = 0.69 and 0.63) and R., " (r = -0.64, -0.43) which indicated that RVA, farinograph and extensograph techniques were useful indicators of the cooking properties of pasta. Overall, this study revealed that to achieve the aim of improving the domestic production and expanding the potential export of durum wheat crop in Syria, both genetic and agronomic improvements are still required.
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Klarin, Inga. "Drug use in the elderly - are quantity and quality compatible /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-715-4/.
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Seiler, Jonathan. "LAND USE EFFECTS ON LAKE WATER QUALITY IN CENTRAL FLORIDA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4441.
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Land use affects the water quality of lakes. Different land use types yield different effects due to varying amounts and constituents of runoff. In this study, the effects of surrounding land use on the water quality of 50 lakes in Seminole County, Florida was assessed. Using GIS, I placed buffers of 100 and 500 m around each lake. The percentages of land use type were calculated within these buffers for 1990 and 1995. An ordination of lakes was done using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to determine if the surrounding land use patterns were adequate to describe the trophic status of the lakes. Correlations between land use and water quality were found to be significant for the 1990 100 and 500 m buffers. Inter-set correlations showed that among land use types: residential, urban, agriculture, hardwoods, and wetlands were the most influential in determining water quality in that they had the most positive or negative correlation with the WA scores depending on the year and buffer zone. Excessively drained and very poorly drained soils were the most influential of the soil types. A Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) was also performed to determine which land use and soil variables were effective in discriminating between oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes. Wetlands and very poorly drained soil were the most effective in discriminating between the groups of lakes. A multiple regression analysis was performed that determined correlations for 1990 and change in land use 100 m buffers contributed to our understanding of the relationship between land use and water quality. Effects of land use on water quality need to be considered when attempting to restore a lake or subjecting it to future land development.M.S.
Department of Biology
Arts and Sciences
Biology
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Zhang, Yangyue. "Water quality prediction for recreational use of Kranji Reservoir, Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66848.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-57).
Singapore has been making efforts in relieving its water shortage problems and has been making great progress through its holistic water management. Via the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme, Singapore's Public Utilities Board (PUB) is now aiming to opening Kranji Reservoir for recreation. Considering the potential contamination of freshwater, particularly by fecal coliform, which threatens public health by causing water-borne diseases, a practical microbial water quality prediction program has been built up to evaluate the safety of the recreational use of Kranji Reservoir. E. coli bacteria concentrations within the reservoir were adopted as an indicator of recreational water quality. Dynamic fate-and-transport modeling of E. coli concentrations along the reservoir was carried out using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). The model was constructed by specifying basic hydraulic parameters. E. coli loadings were indexed to the various land uses within the Kranji Catchment and the effective E. coli bacterial decay rates were derived from theoretical equations and verified by on-site attenuation studies carried out in Singapore. Simulation results from the WASP model are consistent with samples collected and analyzed for E. coli concentration in Kranji Reservoir in January 2011. The simulation results indicate potentially high risk in using the reservoir's three tributaries for water-contact recreation. The model also shows advective flow through the reservoir to be a big contributor to the concentration changes along the reservoir. A prototype of a practical early warning system for recreational use of Kranji Reservoir has been designed based on the implementation of the model.
by Yangyue Zhang.
M.Eng.
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Richards, Amanda 1980. "Effects of detergent use on water quality in Kathmandu, Nepal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85732.
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Hall, Nikki. "How Relationship Quality Influences Male Condom Use in College Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5627.
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Young adult women in their first and second year of college are a group more commonly impacted by health-related concerns associated with condom use. Due to lack of consistent condom use and the increase in sexual partners, STIs remain an epidemic. Various types of studies have been conducted to investigate condom use among women college students. One factor that may influence condom use is the partner relationship. The literature on safe sex practices shows a gap regarding relationship quality and its potential influence on condom use. Guided by the Fletcher et al. model and Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the goal of this study was to explore whether the likelihood of using condoms is influenced by relationship quality components. Using a sample of 85 women college students, relationship quality was examined using the Perceived Relationship Quality Components Inventory. Using a binary logistic regression model, no statistically significant associations among relationship satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, trust, passion, love, overall relationship quality and condom use were found. The findings in this study confirm the existing knowledge, that is, condom use trends and behaviors among young college women remain unpredictable. Limitations to the study include a small sample size, age of majority in Nebraska, and failure to screen for important demographics. For the future, longitudinal studies would offer insight into how condom use behaviors vary depending on fluctuations in relationship quality. This study has implications for positive social change: It suggests an emphasis on a relationship-focused approach to condom use behaviors when working with freshman and sophomore college women.
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Hikeezi, Doreen M. "Sorghum grain : development of methodologies for end-use quality evaluation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45913.
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is the second major cereal crop in Southern Africa after maize. Despite its importance as a cereal crop it is underutilised in Southern Africa because of insufficient characterisation and development of end-use quality evaluation methods for available cultivars, and the unattractive colour of some products from sorghum. This research aimed at developing simple methodologies for determination of important parameters of sorghum end-use quality, namely kernel hardness and kernel colour. The current research also set out to determine the cause for darkening of porridges made from white tan-plant sorghums and how this may relate to polyphenol oxidase activity.
Sixteen Zambian sorghum cultivars grown during the 2008 and 2009 seasons of predominantly medium size, and ranging in colour from white to brown and red, with or without a pigmented testa were used. Endosperm texture of the sorghums determined by visual endosperm examination ranged from soft to hard. Abrasive hardness index values ranged from 6.28 to 19.64 and percentage water absorption ranged from 8.43 to 26.56%. Percent water absorption was significantly and positively correlated (r= 0.85, p <0.001) with endosperm texture and negatively correlated with abrasive hardness index (r=-0.89, p<0.01). The percent water absorption method could separate soft grains from hard grains just as well as endosperm texture and abrasive hardness index. The simplicity of the percent water absorption method makes it potentially usable by farmers and traders in remote areas where it can contribute to meaningful end-use quality assessment.
The relatively dark colour of food products from white tan-plant (food-grade) sorghums can compromise their acceptability. The relationship between white tan-plant sorghum polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) and porridge colour was investigated. Sorghums (including 28 white tan-plant samples grown in Zambia over two seasons), wheat and white maize were studied. Sorghum grain was intermediate in PPO between wheat and maize. When white tan plant sorghum and maize flours were cooked into porridges, they became darker with lower L* values. More importantly, the transition from white tan-plant sorghum flour to porridge caused a much larger reduction in mean L* value (27.9) than that with white maize (16.9). There were significantly negative correlations between all white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.657, p < 0.01) and between Zambian white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.710, p < 0.001). It is apparent that PPO activity in white tan-plant sorghums is an important determinant of the relatively dark colour of food products made from them, as is the case in wheat.
Grain colour is an important quality indicator in sorghum-based foods and rural sorghum farmers in sub-Saharan Africa need simple, more accessible methods for its determination. The development of a simple quantitative method for sorghum grain colour assessment by analysis of the grains and their sodium hydroxide (NaOH) extracts was studied. Sixteen Zambian sorghums (white, red and brown types which were either tannin or non-tannin) from the 2008 and 2009 seasons and a Sudanese white tannin sorghum type were assessed for surface colour using Tristimulus colorimetry before and after treatment with NaOH. The NaOH extracts were also analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC. Tristimulus colorimetry of the grain surface was able to distinguish white from coloured sorghums (brown and red) but was unable to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghum. UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC of NaOH extracts from a representative set of the grains consisting of five sorghum types (red tannin, brown tannin, white tannin, red non-tannin and white non-tannin) separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums regardless of grain surface colour. However, UV-visible absorption of NaOH extracts from the sorghum grains could not be related to grain surface colour as determined using Tristimulus colorimetry. Eleven phenolic compounds consisting of two flavan-3-ols, five anthocyanins and four 3-deoxyanthocyanins were identified in the NaOH extracts using UPLC/PDA/MS. NaOH extract from Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin) contained all of the eleven compounds identified. The flavan-3-ols (catechin and +-catechin-3-O-gallate) were present in NaOH extracts of all the five sorghums. While some anthocyanins could be identified in NaOH extracts from all five sorghums, only Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin), Sima (white non-tannin) and MMSH625 (red non-tannin) contained any 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Total peak area due to anthocyanins and 3-deoxyanthocyanins was higher for NaOH extracts from tannin sorghums compared to non-tannin. This was in agreement with the UV-visible spectrophotometry of the NaOH extracts which also separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums. This shows that with NaOH treatment, it is possible to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghums. Colorimetry of NaOH extracts from sorghum may therefore be considered as a potentially simple and cheap alternative method for distinguishing tannin from non-tannin sorghums.
The findings of this research provide a platform for the development of a system which promotes an integrated and inclusive approach in using the methodologies developed for sorghum end-use quality evaluation. The methodologies will form an integral part of the system which can be applied along the sorghum value chain in sub-Saharan Africa and involve various stakeholders such as the gene bank, sorghum breeders, cereal scientists and researchers, sorghum food processors, traders, rural farmers and consumers. The efficient application of this system could lead to increased sorghum production and utilisation and contribute significantly to food and nutrition security.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Food Science
PhD
Unrestricted
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Akyeampong, Albert S. "The Relationship of Technology Use to Perception of Instructional Quality." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219348065.
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Becnel, Audrey R. "Land Use and Water Quality Correlations in Miami-Dade, Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1549.
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South Florida continues to become increasingly developed and urbanized. My exploratory study examines connections between land use and water quality. The main objectives of the project were to develop an understanding of how land use has affected water quality in Miami-Dade canals, and an economic optimization model to estimate the costs of best management practices necessary to improve water quality. Results indicate Miami-Dade County land use and water quality are correlated. Through statistical factor and cluster analysis, it is apparent that agricultural areas are associated with higher concentrations of nitrogen, while urban areas commonly have higher levels of phosphorous than agricultural areas.
The economic optimization model shows that urban areas can improve water quality by lowering fertilizer inputs. Agricultural areas can also implement methods to improve water quality although it may be more expensive than urban areas. It is important to keep solutions in mind when looking towards future water quality improvements in South Florida.
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Grijseels, Dorieke. "The effect of colour use on the quality of websites." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126406.
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The design of a website is important for the success of a company. Colours play an important part in websites. The goal of this thesis is to find out how the use of colour in websites relates to the quality of websites. Different aspects are studied. First it was found that the harmony of a colour palette only weakly correlates with the quality of a website. This correlation increases when only darker colour palettes are used. Next a method was proposed to extract the colour palette from a website. This novel method takes the saliency of the pixels in a website into account. Lastly, the palettes extracted using this method were utilized to propose a model to explain the relation between colour use and quality of websites. Sixty-one different features were tested using three different methods of feature selection. The accuracy achieved in the best model was low. Future work is suggested to improve on this, which should focus on identifying more relevant features and training the model using a better database.
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Gove, Nancy Elizabeth. "Detecting relationships between land use and water quality trends : questions of association, scale, and independence /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6362.
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Martin, E. "A study of the quality of information use in contrasting sixth forms." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234658.
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Aull, Malia Elizabeth. "Water Quality Indicators in Watershed Subbasins with Multiple Land Uses." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050305-170523/.
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Zhou, Shanshan. "Integrating multi-omics to investigate the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/693.
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Ginseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Araliaceae), is one of the most famed dietary and medicinal herbs worldwide due to its multifaceted efficacies. Ginsenosides and carbohydrates are demonstrated the major bioactive components of ginseng. Ginseng materials are always formed under various conditions, e.g. different growth years or different post-harvest processing/handling manners. These conditions can impact chemical profiles and thereby cause different quality and efficacy of ginseng. To address this issue, it will be necessary to understand the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng materials formed under different conditions. Previous studies have attempted to investigate how growth years and post-harvest processing/handling manners affect the quality and efficacy of ginseng. In the most of these cases, several chemical components and biological parameters were selected as the indicators for evaluating the quality and efficacy of ginseng, respectively. However, it has been well recognized that the therapy of ginseng is featured by "multiple components against multiple targets". Therefore, several selected indicators may fail to comprehensively characterize the quality and efficacy of ginseng, thus cannot accurately reveal their correlations. Instead, holism-based approaches should be employed. In this study, we integrated chemomics, metabolomics and gut microbiota genomics to investigate the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng in the conditions of growth years, steam-processing and sulfur-fumigation. First, chemomics approach was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine major ginsenosides and carbohydrates (poly-, oligo- and monosaccharides) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) for characterizing the overall quality of ginseng. Second, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based gut microbiota genomics coupled with biochemical parameters determination were performed to evaluate anti-fatigue and anti-obesity activities of the different ginseng on animal models. Third, the obtained multi-omics data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis and then were integrated to discuss the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng materials in different conditions. The results indicated that: 1) ginseng with 4-6 growth years possessed different anti-fatigue activity in multiple targets due to the different effects of ginsenosides and carbohydrates on endogenous metabolism and gut microbiota; 2) steam-processing qualitatively and quantitatively altered ginsenosides and carbohydrates in ginseng, resulting in different anti-obesity activity between white ginseng and red ginseng, and the mechanisms potentially involve chemically structural/compositional specificity to gut microbiota; 3) SO2 residual content caused by sulfur-fumigation did not correlate with the quality, efficacy and toxicity changes of sulfur-fumigated ginseng, more specifically, less SO2 residue did not indicate higher quality, better efficacy nor weaker toxicity. The research provides scientific insights for guiding the clinical and dietary practice of ginseng and offers new methodology for comprehensively exploring the correlation between the quality and efficacy of herbal medicines
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Tan, Yu-Eng. "Critical parameters affecting the use of Chengal for structural glue-lamination." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387814.
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Lü, Guanghua. "Chemical identification and quality assessment of Radix Angelicae sinensis (Danggui roots)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/639.
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Patnala, Satya Siva Rama Ranganath Srinivas. "Pharmaceutical analysis and quality of complementary medicines : sceletium and associated products." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018263.
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There has been an upsurge in the use of Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in both developed and developing countries. Although herbal medicines have been in use for many centuries, their quality, safety and efficacy are still of major concern. Many countries are in the process of integrating CAMs into conventional health care systems based on the knowledge and use of traditional medicines. The quality control (QC) of herbal products usually presents a formidable analytical challenge in view of the complexity of the constituents in plant material and the commercial non-availability of appropriate qualified reference standards. Sceletium, a genus belonging to the family Aizoaceae, has been reported to contain psychoactive alkaloids, specifically mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol and some other related alkaloids. Sceletium is marketed as dried plant powder and as phyto-pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sceletium products and plant material marketed through health shops and on the internet are associated with unjustified claims of specific therapeutic efficacy and may be of dubious quality. Validated analytical methods to estimate Sceletium alkaloids have not previously been reported in the scientific literature and the available methods have focused only on qualitative estimation. Furthermore, since appropriate markers were not commercially available for use as reference standards, a primary objective of this study was to isolate relevant compounds, qualify them as reference standards which could be applied to develop appropriate validated qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for fingerprinting and assay of Sceletium plant material and dosage forms. The alkaloidal markers mesembrine, mesembrenone and ∆⁷ mesembrenone were isolated by solvent extraction and chromatography from dried plant material. Mesembranol and epimesembranol were synthesised by hydrogenation of the isolated mesembrine using the catalyst platinum (IV) oxide and then further purified by semi-preparative column chromatography. All compounds were subjected to analysis by ¹H, ¹³C, 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Mesembrine was converted to hydrochloride crystals and mesembranol was isolated as crystals from the hydrogenation reaction mass. These compounds were analysed and characterised by X-ray crystallography. A relatively simple HPLC method for the separation and quantitative analysis of five relevant alkaloidal components in Sceletium was developed and validated. The method was applied to determine the alkaloids in plant material and dosage forms containing Sceletium. An LCMS method developed during the study provided accurate identification of the five relevant Sceletium alkaloids. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis and QC of Sceletium plant material and its dosage forms. This LCMS method was found to efficiently ionize the relevant alkaloidal markers in order to facilitate their detection, identification and quantification in Sceletium plant material as well as for the assay and QC of dosage forms containing Sceletium. The chemotaxonomy of some Sceletium species and commercially available Sceletium dosage forms were successfully studied by the LCMS method. The HPLC and LCMS methods were also used to monitor the bio-conversion of some of the alkaloids while processing the plant material as per traditional method of fermentation. Additionally a high resolution CZE method was developed for the separation of several Sceletium alkaloids in relatively short analysis times. This analytical method was used successfully to fingerprint the alkaloids and quantify mesembrine in Sceletium and its products. Sceletium species grown under varying conditions at different locations, when analyzed, showed major differences in their composition of alkaloids and an enormous difference was found to exist between the various species with respect to the presence and content of alkaloids. Sceletium and its products marketed through health shops and the internet may thus have problems with respect to the quality and related therapeutic efficacy. The QC of Sceletium presents a formidable challenge as Sceletium plants and products contain a complex mixture of compounds. The work presented herein contributes to a growing body of scientific knowledge to improve the QC standards of herbal medicines and also to provide vital information regarding the selection of plant species and information on the specific alkaloidal constituents to the cultivators of Sceletium and the manufacturers of its products.
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Schoonover, Jon E. "Hydrology, water quality, and channel morphology across an urban-rural land use gradient in the Georgia Piedmont, USA." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/SCHOONOVER_JON_14.pdf.
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Tsang, Fung-yee. "To improve air quality through land use planning : a case study in Western District : urban planning in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18155091.
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Hu, Jiayao. "Examining supply chain quality management in the Chinese automobile industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43463/.
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The aim of this thesis is to understand what supply chain quality management (SCQM) is and to examine SCQM practices in the Chinese automobile industry by comparing the different SCQM implementation between Chinese Self-owned Brands (CSBs) and Joint Ventures (JVs). This thesis attempts to reveal and understand SCQM practices in order to provide new insights in dealing with quality issues along the supply chain. Hence, in this thesis three research questions (RQs) are explored and answered: RQ1) What are the main factors impacting on SCQM in the Chinese automobile industry? RQ2) What are the differences between CSBs and JVs in the field of SCQM? RQ3) Why do such differences occur? A mixed research methodology was implemented to answer these three RQs. First, a case study in seven Chinese automobile companies was conducted. Resulting from this qualitative method, this research proposes a robust SCQM framework and generates SCQM measurements. SCQM is conceptualised as a multidimensional construct and the framework is composed of companywide quality management, supplier-side SCQM, customer-side SCQM, and performance. The measurement model evaluation, structural model evaluation, and multigroup analysis were conducted in sequence to investigate multi-dimensionality of SCQM, test the relationships among these dimensions, and clarify the different SCQM between CSBs and JVs. Variance-based structural equation modelling of Partial Least Square (PLS) on the platform of Smart-PLS 3.0 was used to analyse the 196 quantitative data that were collected from CSBs and JVs. Further, six follow-up interviews were then conducted to identify the root causes of the findings of the survey study. This research finds that companywide quality management cannot directly influence operational performance due to the complexity of China’s automobile supply chain. It illustrates that customer-side SCQM practices have the most significant influence on operational performance. This study also clarifies that ownership bears a critical impact on the relationship between customer-side SCQM practices and operational performance. It extends the SCQM literature by studying a large number of automobile companies in China and comparing the different supply chain level quality practices between CSBs and JVs. It provides good breadth to the literature by answering the calls for ownership and emerging market research. This thesis also enhances the understanding of managers about the best SCQM practices to assist companies in moving from their current practices to their preferred one. It also illustrates significant directions for supply chain level quality system designs for automobile companies.
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Dodson, Laura Lyn. "Empirical Relationships between Water Quality and Agricultural Land Use in Rural Maine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74979.
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Anthropogenic eutrophication of freshwater lakes due to land use change is a growing global problem with economic consequences, such as a reduction in shoreline property value. Managing eutrophication is of utmost importance in Maine, USA due to the large number of inland fresh waterbodies and their economic importance for fisheries, recreation, and real estate. This thesis investigates the relationships between water quality and catchment land use. Agricultural land use is a large driver of excess nutrient export to lakes, including in Maine, and can result in toxic cyanobacterial blooms, decreased water clarity, and fish kills. I developed a statistical relationship to quantitatively link agricultural intensity in the catchment and resultant water quality outcomes in Maine lakes. I observe a strong statistical relationship between water quality and anthropogenic activity in the catchment, as expected. Interestingly, I found that the effects of anthropogenic activity were most closely related to a five-year lag in water quality, which is between 0.8 to 4.71 years longer than the lake residence times. My results suggest that changes in land use may have long-term effects on water quality that last for far longer than would be expected. The analysis presented in this paper is novel for directly linking long term observational agricultural and biological datasets and presents a new way to quantitatively link water quality and anthropogenic intensity in the catchment area.Master of Science
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Hanna, Taryn. "Evaluation of Watershed Land Use and Water Quality in Mill Creek, Youngstown, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1504173202262152.
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Bessell, Tracey Lee. "The influence of the internet on the quality use of medicines." Monash University, Dept. of Medicine, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9453.
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Donyaee, Mohammad K. "Towards an integrated model for specifying and measuring quality in use." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59319.pdf.
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Hammond, Melissa D. "The Use of Chitosan to Preserve and Extend Atlantic Salmon Quality." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HammondMD2004.pdf.
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Gaines, Leonard T. "Improving software quality and management through use of service level agreements." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FGaines%5FPhD.pdf.
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LIU, ZHONGWEI. "WATER QUALITY SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC VALUATION OF RIPARIAN LAND-USE CHANGES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1153507620.
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Gordon, Douglas. "The use of Lethabo field 2 PFA in pavement quality concrete." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18792.
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Concrete used in pavements has to be durable to withstand the load and wear imposed by vehicles moving across it and the effects of drying shrinkage and thermal changes. Failure of the pavement by either excessive cracking or degradation of the surface results in poor riding quality and low skid resistance. The inclusion of Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), otherwise known as fly ash, generally improves the quality of pavement concrete and thus extends its useful life. The PFA used for the thesis was from the Lethabo power station's second electrostatic precipitator field (Lethabo Field 2 PFA). This Field 2 PFA has a very close resemblance to the expected classified commercial Lethabo PFA of the future. PFA is characterised by its fineness. The Field 2 PFA had 7.7 percent retained on the 45 micron sieve. This was considerably finer than the current commercial Matla PFA with about 12 percent retained. It was thus expected that the higher quality Lethabo Field 2 PFA could be used to produce higher quality concrete. The other mix materials were those commonly used in the Western Cape. The aggregates used were Cape Flats Dune sand and Malmesbury shale (hornfels). The dune sand typically has very little fines content, causing severe bleeding problems in normal concrete mixes. The crushed coarse aggregate was 13 mm and flaky in shape. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was obtained from the De Hoek cement factory. The investigation was carried out in two parts. First was the development of a wide range of mixes, varying 28 day design strength (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 MPa), percentage of PFA as part cement replacement (OPC only, 15% PFA, 30% PFA, 50% PFA and 70% PFA) and the coarse aggregate content to give under-, average- and over-sanded mixes. Over this wide range of mixes, the fresh properties and development of the compressive strength were observed. Secondly, properties affecting pavement quality concrete were observed on a similar range of mixes. These properties were flexural strength, surface wear resistance by wire brush, sand blasting and ball race abrasion and the drying shrinkage.