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Journal articles on the topic 'Quality discrimination'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Manoj Ashok Wakchaure, Mr, and Prof Dr.S.S.Sane. "An Empirical Evaluation of various Discrimination Measures for Discrimination Prevention." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.19 (November 27, 2018): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19.28280.

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Discrimination prevention in Data mining has been studied by researchers. Several methods have been devised to take care of both direct and indirect discrimination prevention. In order to prevent discrimination, each of these methods tries to minimize the impact of discriminating attributes by modifying certain discriminating rules. The discriminating rules are identified using certain threshold and discrimination measure such as elift for direct discrimination and elb for indirect discrimination. Performance of these methods are measured and compared in terms discrimination removal using DDPD, DDPP for direct discrimination and IDPD, IDPP for indirect discrimination as well as resultant data quality using MC and GC for both kinds of discrimination.This paper deals with study of use of discrimination measures other than elift such as slift, clift and olift. The empirical evaluation presented here shows that slift provides best overall performance.

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2

Rabin, Michael D. "Experience facilitates olfactory quality discrimination." Perception & Psychophysics 44, no. 6 (November 1988): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03207487.

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3

CONEY, L., A. V. MOILA, and A. G. QUADLING. "GEM-QUALITY DIAMONDS: SOURCE DISCRIMINATION." South African Journal of Geology 115, no. 1 (February 23, 2012): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.115.1.33.

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4

Glass, Amy Jocelyn. "Price discrimination and quality improvement." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 34, no. 2 (May 2001): 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00088.

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5

Boehm, Thomas. "Quality Control in Self/Nonself Discrimination." Cell 125, no. 5 (June 2006): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.017.

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6

Acharyya, Rajat. "Quality discrimination among income constrained consumers." Economics Letters 86, no. 2 (February 2005): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2004.07.015.

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7

Francis, Brittney, Mark Klebanoff, and Reena Oza-Frank. "Racial discrimination and perinatal sleep quality." Sleep Health 3, no. 4 (August 2017): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.05.012.

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8

Neill, John C., and J. M. Harrison. "AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION: THE KONORSKI QUALITY-LOCATION EFFECT." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 48, no. 1 (July 1987): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1987.48-81.

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9

Blakemore, Sophie. "Age discrimination hinders access to quality services." Mental Health Practice 12, no. 9 (June 26, 2009): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.12.9.8.s9.

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10

Davis, Douglas D. "Maximal quality selection and discrimination in employment." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 8, no. 1 (March 1987): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(87)90023-0.

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11

Nauleau, Marie-Laure, Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet, and Philippe Quirion. "Energy efficiency subsidies with price-quality discrimination." Energy Economics 52 (December 2015): S53—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.08.024.

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12

Liu, Qihong, and Konstantinos Serfes. "Quality of Information and Oligopolistic Price Discrimination." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 13, no. 4 (December 2004): 671–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2004.00028.x.

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13

Fajardo, Daniel M. "Author Race, Essay Quality, and Reverse Discrimination." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 15, no. 3 (May 1985): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb00900.x.

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14

Chung, Hoe Sang. "Quality choice and behavior-based price discrimination." Journal of Economics 131, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-020-00711-x.

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15

John, Tyler M., Joseph Millum, and David Wasserman. "HOW TO ALLOCATE SCARCE HEALTH RESOURCES WITHOUT DISCRIMINATING AGAINST PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES." Economics and Philosophy 33, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267116000237.

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Abstract:One widely used method for allocating health care resources involves the use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to rank treatments in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. CEA has been criticized for discriminating against people with disabilities by valuing their lives less than those of non-disabled people. Avoiding discrimination seems to lead to the 'QALY trap': we cannot value saving lives equally and still value raising quality of life. This paper reviews existing responses to the QALY trap and argues that all are problematic. Instead, we argue that adopting a moderate form of prioritarianism avoids the QALY trap and disability discrimination.

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Gomez, Scarlett Lin, Felisa A. Gonzales, Salma Shariff-Marco, Laura A. Dwyer, and Amani Nuru-Jeter. "Discrimination and quality of life among breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.250.

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250 Background: We examined the role of race/ethnicity, education, and medical discrimination on global and breast cancer-specific (BCS) quality of life (QoL). Methods: Telephone interviews were administered to 536 Asian, Black, Hispanic and White women identified through the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry who were aged 20+ when diagnosed with a first invasive primary breast cancer between 2006 and 2009. Women reported perceptions of discriminatory experiences while receiving breast cancer care. QoL was assessed with a single item asking about global QoL over the past 4 weeks ( “excellent” vs “less than excellent”) and a summary score for the 6-item breast cancer subscale of the FACT-B (higher scores indicated more concerns (or worse QoL)). Race/ethnicity and education were combined into an 8-category variable (4 race/ethnic groups x 2 education groups). Psychometric analyses was used to create a summed medical discrimination score using 7 items that comprised a single factor, and split into tertiles to indicate no, low, and moderate/high levels of discrimination. Main effects for race/ethnicity x education and medical discrimination were identified using logistic and linear regression models. Adjusted analyses controlled for age, marital status, health insurance, stage, histology, and tumor size. Results: In adjusted analyses, disparities across combined race/ethnicity x education groups were observed for global QoL (Wald χ2(7) = 23.32, p < 0.01) but not for BCS QoL (F= 0.78, p= 0.60). Black and Asian women reported lower global QoL than college-educated White women. Medical discrimination was related to global (Wald χ2(2) = 6.98, p= 0.03) and BCS QoL (F= 6.14, p< 0.01). Women reporting moderate/high levels of medical discrimination had significantly lower odds of excellent QoL (OR= 0.416, p< 0.01) and more breast cancer concerns (β= 1.19, t= 3.50, p< 0.001) than women reporting no discrimination. Conclusions: Medical discrimination was associated with lower global and BCS QoL. More research is needed to identify specific factors at the individual, provider, and organizational levels that contribute to perceptions of medical discrimination so that they can be addressed and QoL can be improved for breast cancer patients.

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Dautovich, N., and S. Ghose. "0378 Social Well-Being as a Longitudinal Mediator of the Association Between Discrimination and Sleep Quality." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.375.

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Abstract Introduction Discrimination is a risk factor for poor sleep outcomes. Physiological activation is one mechanism tying the experience of discrimination to disturbed sleep. Discrimination, however, can also impact psychosocial well-being, which is a necessary precursor for healthy sleep. Feelings of safety derived from social connections can be threatened when individuals face discrimination. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of social well-being as a factor underlying the longitudinal association between discrimination and sleep quality. Methods An archival analysis was conducted with 937 adults participating in the longitudinal Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Data was collected at three time points across 10 years. Perceived daily discrimination and overall social well-being were assessed via self-report. Sleep quality was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Global Sleep Quality score. Results The overall model accounted for 15.6% of variance in global sleep quality. Controlling for multiple covariates, more frequent experiences of discrimination predicted worse global sleep quality 10 years later (β=.06, p=.03). Worse overall social well-being was a significant mediator of the discrimination-global sleep quality association (95% CI [.0001, .0118]), such that more frequent discrimination predicted lower overall social well-being, which, in turn, was associated with worse global sleep quality. Conclusion Given the persistence of sleep disparities among stigmatized and marginalized groups and the importance of sleep as a means of health disparity reduction, there is a need to identify mechanisms linking discrimination to poor sleep outcomes. Daily experiences of discrimination, such as being given less respect or treated as though less intelligent, have long-lasting associations with social well-being. Furthermore, social well-being is a predictor of future sleep quality. In addition to addressing discriminatory practices, targeting the effects of social well-being on sleep is a direction for future research. Support N/A

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18

Richards, Timothy J., and Stephen F. Hamilton. "Retail price discrimination and food waste." European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 1861–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurrag/jbaa012.

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Abstract We examine a food retailer’s incentive to use a minimum quality standard as part of a quality-based price-discrimination strategy and show how price discrimination can result in a substantial level of retail food waste. Using data from a major US food retailer, we estimate a structural model of retail price discrimination and conduct a series of counter-factual experiments to demonstrate that observed retail prices are consistent with quality-based price discrimination in the retail market. Our findings indicate that quality standards on fresh produce can explain a substantial proportion ($7.5\%$) of food waste by retailers in the US.

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Giyatmi, Nunun Tri Widarwati, Ratih Wijayava,. "A Review of Disclosure Translation Showing Gender Discrimination and Social Class Discrimination in Novel "Girl from The Coast"." EDULINK EDUCATION AND LINGUISTICS KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/edulink.v3i1.1501.

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The aim of the study are to find Gender discrimination in Novel and acceptability quality of translation from Novel of the girls of the coast. We used methodology of research with descriptive qualitative. The results are 71,43% acceptability of translation quality with score 3 (high) and social discrimination in subordination 62,5%. The benefit of results are to develop literature of translation quality and analysis discrimination aspect in novel of the girls from the coast. The innovation of novelty are teory and guidance of translation in social and gender discrimination with quality translation.

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20

De Wijk, René A., and William S. Cain. "Odor quality: Discrimination versus free and cued identification." Perception & Psychophysics 56, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211686.

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Lin Ping, 林萍, 何坚强 He Jianqiang, 邹志勇 Zou Zhiyong, and 陈永明 Chen Yongming. "Soybean Appearance Quality Discrimination Based on Visible Spectrogram." Acta Optica Sinica 39, no. 8 (2019): 0815002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201939.0815002.

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22

Nilsson, Dan-E., and Eric J. Warrant. "Visual discrimination: Seeing the third quality of light." Current Biology 9, no. 14 (July 1999): R535—R537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80330-3.

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23

Kumar, Praveen. "Intertemporal price–quality discrimination and the Coase conjecture." Journal of Mathematical Economics 42, no. 7-8 (November 2006): 896–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2006.04.013.

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24

Chih-yi Chi, Woody, and Shufen Wu. "Intertemporal quality discrimination of a durable good monopolist." Economics Letters 92, no. 2 (August 2006): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.01.032.

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25

Shi, Shuang, Ying Guo, and Yu Ling Yang. "Simulating Discrimination for Quality Evaluation of Rubelite Red." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.567.

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To evaluate the quality and simulate the discrimination of rubelite red, 310 rubelite red samples are measured by color i5 colorimeter, based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. Conclusions show that the hue angle of rubelite red can be classified into four series, such as red, pink, purple and violet, and the chroma can be divided into light, medium and intense, vivid with increasing quality, then its lightness can be graded into five levels as dark, slightly dark, medium, slightly bright and bright under standard light source D65. Take the three parameters and the cluster analysis of color coordinates, the rubelite red can be grade into five levels, and it is supposed to predict unknown samples furthermore.

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26

Galera, Francisco, Pedro Mendi, and Juan Carlos Molero. "QUALITY DIFFERENCES, THIRD-DEGREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION, AND WELFARE." Economic Inquiry 55, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12368.

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27

Chen, Chin-Sheng. "Price Discrimination in Input Markets and Quality Differentiation." Review of Industrial Organization 50, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-016-9537-9.

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28

Herweg, Fabian. "Relaxing competition through quality differentiation and price discrimination." Journal of Economics 106, no. 1 (August 10, 2011): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-011-0232-x.

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29

Ikeda, Takeshi, and Tsuyoshi Toshimitsu. "Third-degree price discrimination, quality choice, and welfare." Economics Letters 106, no. 1 (January 2010): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.09.024.

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30

Lin, Xudong, Xiaoli Huang, Shuilin Liu, Yulin Li, Hanyang Luo, and Sumin Yu. "Competitive Price-Quality Strategy of Platforms under User Privacy Concerns." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020030.

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The behavior-based discrimination price model (BBPD) needs to collect a large amount of user information, which would spark user privacy concerns. However, the literature on BBPD typically overlooks consumer privacy concerns. Additionally, most of the existing research provides some insights from the perspective of traditional privacy protection measures, but seldom discusses the role of quality discrimination in alleviating users’ privacy concerns. By establishing a Hotelling duopoly model of two-period price-quality competition, this paper explores the impact of quality discrimination on industry profits, user surplus, and social welfare under user privacy concerns. The results show that, with the increase of user privacy cost, given weak market competition intensity, quality discrimination can increase users’ surplus and social welfare, thereby alleviating users’ privacy concerns. We then discuss the managerial implications for alleviating consumer privacy concerns. In addition, we take Airbnb as an example to provide practical implications.

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Lin, Xudong, Xiaoli Huang, Shuilin Liu, Yulin Li, Hanyang Luo, and Sumin Yu. "Competitive Price-Quality Strategy of Platforms under User Privacy Concerns." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020030.

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The behavior-based discrimination price model (BBPD) needs to collect a large amount of user information, which would spark user privacy concerns. However, the literature on BBPD typically overlooks consumer privacy concerns. Additionally, most of the existing research provides some insights from the perspective of traditional privacy protection measures, but seldom discusses the role of quality discrimination in alleviating users’ privacy concerns. By establishing a Hotelling duopoly model of two-period price-quality competition, this paper explores the impact of quality discrimination on industry profits, user surplus, and social welfare under user privacy concerns. The results show that, with the increase of user privacy cost, given weak market competition intensity, quality discrimination can increase users’ surplus and social welfare, thereby alleviating users’ privacy concerns. We then discuss the managerial implications for alleviating consumer privacy concerns. In addition, we take Airbnb as an example to provide practical implications.

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Laska, Matthias, and Peter Teubner. "Odor structure-activity relationships of carboxylic acids correspond between squirrel monkeys and humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): R1639—R1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.6.r1639.

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With use of a conditioning paradigm, the ability of four squirrel monkeys to distinguish n-valeric acid from n-forms and isoforms of other carboxylic acids (acetic acid to octanoic acid) was investigated. All four animals were clearly able to discriminate between all odor pairs tested and showed a significant negative correlation between discrimination performance and structural similarity of odorants in terms of differences in carbon chain length of the carboxylic acids. Branching of the carbon chain was also found to affect odorant quality because all animals performed better in discriminating n-valeric acid from isoforms of other carboxylic acids compared with the corresponding n-forms of these substances. With use of a triple forced-choice procedure, 10 human subjects were tested on the same tasks in parallel and showed a very similar pattern of discrimination performance compared with the squirrel monkeys. Thus the results of this study provide evidence of well-developed olfactory discrimination ability in squirrel monkeys for carboxylic acids and support the assumption that human and nonhuman primates may share common principles of odor quality perception.

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33

Bech, P. "Quality of life measurement in the medical setting." European Psychiatry 10, S3 (1995): 83s—85s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80085-x.

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SummaryQuality of life became a paradigm in the medical setting two decades ago. Although ‘humanistic’ psychologists still maintain that what can be specified and measured is precisely what is not quality of life, time has shown that the major components of quality of life in health and disease can be measured with an acceptable internal as well as external validity. Quality of life in randomized clinical trials is now the third dimension to be measured, the other dimensions are efficacy of the drug and adverse drug reactions. Among the major areas of external validity quality of life scales (eg the PCASEE questionnaire and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule) have discriminating validity (the discrimination between treatments), predictive-validity (the prediction of relapse of illness), and teological validity (defining goal of treatment).

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34

Nuyen Ti Tu, Hong, H. Valentová, J. Velíšek, J. Čepička, J. Pokorný, and F. Pudil. "Evaluation of beer quality by sensory analysis." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 4 (January 1, 2000): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8332-cjfs.

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The flavour of pasteurised and stored beer was evaluated by a panel of 12 assessors. The sensory analysis consisted of combined hedonic evaluation and sensory profiling using unstructured graphical scales and 31 descriptors. The obtained results were evaluated by multivariate statistical methods (principal components analysis and linear discrimination analysis) which allow visualisation of relations between individual descriptors and samples and enable classification of samples to groups according to pasteurisation intensity and storage time.

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35

Hanna, Rema N., and Leigh L. Linden. "Discrimination in Grading." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.4.146.

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We report the results of an experiment that was designed to test for discrimination in grading in India. We recruited teachers to grade exams. We randomly assigned child “characteristics” (age, gender, and caste) to the cover sheets of the exams to ensure that there is no relationship between these observed characteristics and the exam quality. We find that teachers give exams that are assigned to be lower caste scores that are about 0.03 to 0.08 standard deviations lower than those that are assigned to be high caste. The teachers' behavior appears consistent with statistical discrimination. (JEL I21, J13, O15, O17, Z13)

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Mao, Weiyu, Bei Wu, Iris Chi, Wei Yang, and XinQi Dong. "Self-Reported Discrimination, Resilience, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Chinese Americans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1598.

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Abstract There is a lack of empirical evidence on self-reported discrimination and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Further, the mechanism linking the two constructs is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported discrimination and OHRQoL and investigate resilience as a mediator in such a relationship among foreign-born older Chinese Americans. Data came from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago collected between 2017 and 2019. The working sample included 3,054 foreign-born Chinese Americans (60+ years of age). Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect pathways towards OHRQoL. Self-reported discrimination was directly and indirectly associated with poorer OHRQoL. Resilience mediated the relationship between self-reported discrimination and OHRQoL. Specifically, individuals experienced discrimination reported weaker resilience, and subsequently, reported poorer OHRQoL. Findings illustrate the importance of studying self-reported discrimination in relation to OHRQoL and further identify resilience as an intermediary pathway to promote OHRQoL.

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37

Cibecchini, Giulia, Paola Cecere, Giorgio Tumino, Caterina Morcia, Roberta Ghizzoni, Paola Carnevali, Valeria Terzi, and Pier Paolo Pompa. "A Fast, Naked-Eye Assay for Varietal Traceability in the Durum Wheat Production Chain." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111691.

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The development of a colorimetric mono-varietal discriminating assay, aimed at improving traceability and quality control checks of durum wheat products, is described. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified as a reliable marker for wheat varietal discrimination, and a rapid test for easy and clear identification of specific wheat varieties was developed. Notably, an approach based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction (LAMP) as an SNP discrimination tool, in combination with naked-eye visualization of the results, was designed and optimized. Our assay was proven to be effective in the detection of adulterated food products, including both substitution and mixing with different crop varieties.

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38

Sun, Ching-Jen. "Dynamic Price Discrimination with Customer Recognition." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 217–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2013-0048.

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AbstractThis paper studies a general two-period model of product line pricing with customer recognition. Specifically, we consider a monopolist who can sell vertically differentiated products over two periods to heterogeneous consumers. Each consumer demands one unit of the product in each period. In the second period, the monopolist can condition the price–quality offers on the observed purchasing behavior in the first period. In this setup, the monopolist can price discriminate consumers in two dimensions: by quality as well as by purchase history. We fully characterize the monopolist’s optimal pricing strategy when there are two types of consumers. When the type space is a continuum, we show that there is no fully separating equilibrium, and some properties of the optimal contracts (price–quality pairs) are characterized within the class of partitional perfect Bayesian equilibria.

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39

Hasan, Surilena, Yovita Alviany, Cerellia Clarissa, and Sonia Sudana. "High perceived discrimination and no family support increase risk of poor quality of life in gender dysphoria." Universa Medicina 36, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.187-196.

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Background<br />Family support and low discrimination perceptions are a factor in protecting against mental disorders and poor quality of life in male to female (MtF) gender dysphoric individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the role of family factors, peer support, self-esteem, perceived discrimination, depression, anxiety, and stress on the quality of life among MtF gender dysphoric individuals. <br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 MtF gender dysphoric individuals of Sanggar Swara Jakarta. Respondents filled out questionnaires on demographics, WHOQL-BREF, perceived discrimination, Rosenberg self-esteem, family support, social support (SSQ6), family relations (FACES III), and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Simple and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results<br />Among the 106 MtF gender dysphoric individuals of Sanggar Swara Jakarta with an age range of 18-45 years, 78.3% had no family support, 64.1% no peer support, 62.3% high perception discrimination, 64.1% low self-esteem, 36% extreme family relations, 44.3% depression, 59.4% anxiety, 35.8% stress and 62.3% poor quality of life. Employment, perception of discrimination, self-esteem, family support, and anxiety were significantly associated with quality of life (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that perceived discrimination (Odds Ratio=13.89; 95% CI: 5.89-11.99), and family support (Odds Ratio=29.11; 95% CI: 2.45-8.21) were significantly associated with quality of life. <br /><br />Conclusion <br />High perceived discrimination and no family support increase the risk of poor quality of life in MtF gender dysphoric individuals. These findings suggest the need for prevention and intervention of stigmatization and discrimination that should have a special focus on families with MtF gender dysphoric individuals.

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40

KANDA, Kazuya, Tokuji OKADA, and Kazuo ITO. "Discrimination System for Packed Food Quality Using Light Transmittivity." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 37, no. 10 (2001): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.37.926.

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41

Olsson, M. J. "Psychometrics of Odor Quality Discrimination: Method for Threshold Determination." Chemical Senses 25, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/25.5.493.

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42

Mekler, Alexey, and Dmitri Schwarz. "Quality assessment of data discrimination using self-organizing maps." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 51 (October 2014): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2014.06.001.

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43

Gianinetti, Alberto, Fabiano Toffoli, Andrea Cavallero, Giovanni Delogu, and Antonio Michele Stanca. "Improving discrimination for malting quality in barley breeding programmes." Field Crops Research 94, no. 2-3 (November 2005): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.002.

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44

Chan, Thomas S. F. "Service Quality and Unfair Racial Discrimination in Homeowners Insurance." Journal of Risk and Insurance 66, no. 1 (March 1999): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253878.

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45

Riina, Elizabeth M., and Susan M. McHale. "Adolescents’ Experiences of Discrimination and Parent–Adolescent Relationship Quality." Journal of Family Issues 33, no. 7 (September 30, 2011): 851–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x11423897.

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Grainger, Corbett, and Andrew Schreiber. "Discrimination in Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring?" AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191063.

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In the United States, ambient air quality is regulated through National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS). Enforcement of these standards is delegated to state and sub-state regulators who are also tasked with designing their own monitoring networks for ambient pollution. Past work has found evidence consistent with strategic behavior: local regulators strategically avoid pollution hotspots when siting monitors. This paper assesses whether income and race have historically played a role in monitor siting decisions.

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Cohen, Madeleine F., Anne L. Dunlop, Dayna A. Johnson, Alexis Dunn Amore, Elizabeth J. Corwin, and Patricia A. Brennan. "Intergenerational Effects of Discrimination on Black American Children’s Sleep Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074021.

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Greater exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination among pregnant Black American women is associated with elevated prenatal depressive symptomatology, poorer prenatal sleep quality, and poorer child health outcomes. Given the transdiagnostic importance of early childhood sleep health, we examined associations between pregnant women’s lifetime exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination and their two-year-old children’s sleep health. We also examined women’s gendered racial stress as a predictor variable. In exploratory analyses, we examined prenatal sleep quality and prenatal depressive symptoms as potential mediators of the prior associations. We utilized data from a sample of Black American women and children (n = 205). Women self-reported their lifetime experiences of discrimination during early pregnancy, their sleep quality and depressive symptoms during mid-pregnancy, and their children’s sleep health at age two. Hierarchical linear multiple regression models were fit to examine direct associations between women’s experiences of discrimination and children’s sleep health. We tested our mediation hypotheses using a parallel mediator model. Higher levels of gendered racial stress, but not racial/ethnic discrimination, were directly associated with poorer sleep health in children. Higher levels of racial/ethnic discrimination were indirectly associated with poorer sleep health in children, via women’s prenatal depressive symptomatology, but not prenatal sleep quality. Clinical efforts to mitigate the effects of discrimination on Black American women may benefit women’s prenatal mental health and their children’s sleep health.

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Dong, Alexander, Stephanie Bergren, Qun Le, Lisa Lanza, and Dana K. Dychtwald. "Discrimination and Sleep in Chinese American Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3588.

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Abstract Since the start of COVID-19, reports of discrimination in the US against Asian Americans have increased approximately 150%. Prior research has demonstrated that victims of discrimination are more likely to experience physiological health concerns, possibly linked to sleep. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between disordered sleep and discrimination among Chinese older adults using data collected from the Population Study of ChINese Elderly (N=3124, 59% female). To assess, the experience of discrimination in nine settings (school, hiring, work, housing, medical, service, finance, public, and authority) and four indicators of sleep quality (duration, trouble falling asleep, insomnia, and self-reported sleep quality) were evaluated using logistic- and multinomial logistic regression. With an average age of 75 years, discrimination was experienced by 7.2% of participants. Experiencing any discrimination was associated with lower odds of longer sleep durations (>8 hours) compared to those sleeping 6-8 hours. Experiences of discrimination in housing (OR: 5.51 (95%CI:1.08-27.98)) and with authority figures (OR: 6.02 (95%CI:1.16-31.31)) were significantly associated with shorter sleep durations (<6 hours), compared to those sleeping 6-8 hours. Those who experienced discrimination in a school setting were less likely to have trouble falling asleep (OR: 0.28 (95%CI:0.09-0.88)), while discrimination in medical settings were more likely to experience insomnia (OR: 2.29 (95%CI:1.13-4.63)). All other relationships between discrimination and sleep measures were non-significant. Given mixed evidence and the increased relevancy of discrimination against Asian Americans, further research on how discrimination may impact health outcomes and sleep quality is warranted.

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Adier, Graciella Mae L., Charlene A. Reyes, and Edwin R. Arboleda. "Discrimination of civet coffee using visible spectroscopy." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 8, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13734.

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Civet coffee is considered as highly marketable and rare. This specialty coffee has a special flavor and higher price relative to regular coffee, and it is restricted in supply. Establishing a straightforward and efficient approach to distinguish Civet coffee for quality; likewise, consumer protection is fundamental. This study utilized visible spectroscopy as a non-destructive and quick technique to obtain the absorbance, ranging from 450 nm to 650 nm, of the civet coffee and non-civet coffee samples. Overall, 160 samples were analyzed, and the total spectra accumulated was 960. The data gathered from the first 120 samples were fed to the classification learner application and were used as a training data set. The remaining samples were used for testing the classification algorithm. The study shows that civet coffee bean samples have lower absorbance values in visible spectra than non-civet coffee bean samples. The process yields 96.7 % to 100 % classification scores for quadratic discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Among the two classification algorithms, logistic regression generated the fastest training time of 14.050 seconds. The application of visible spectroscopy combined with data mining algorithms is effective in discriminating civet coffee from non-civet coffee.

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Foxx, Alicia J., Rebecca S. Barak, Taran M. Lichtenberger, Lea K. Richardson, Aireale J. Rodgers, and Evelyn Webb Williams. "Evaluating the prevalence and quality of conference codes of conduct." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 30 (July 8, 2019): 14931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819409116.

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Efforts to increase inclusion in science face multiple barriers, including cultural and social behaviors in settings such as academic conferences. Conferences are beneficial, but the culture can promote inequities and power differentials that harm historically underrepresented groups. Science suffers when conference culture propagates exclusion and discrimination that leads to attrition of scientists. Codes of conduct represent a tool to shift conference culture to better support diverse scientists and clearly detail unacceptable behaviors. We examined the prevalence and content of codes of conduct at biology conferences in the United States and Canada. We highlight how codes of conduct address issues of sexual misconduct and identity-based discrimination. Surprisingly, only 24% of the 195 surveyed conferences had codes. Of the conferences with codes, 43% did not mention sexual misconduct and 17% did not mention identity-based discrimination. Further, 26% of these conferences failed to include a way to report violations of the code and 35% lacked consequences for misconduct. We found that larger and national conferences are more likely to have codes than smaller (P = 0.04) and international or regional (P = 0.03) conferences. Conferences that lack codes risk creating and perpetuating negative environments that make underrepresented groups feel unwelcome, or worse, actively cause harm. We recommend that conferences have codes that are easily accessible, explicitly address identity-based discrimination and sexual misconduct, provide channels for anonymous impartial reporting, and contain clear consequences. These efforts will improve inclusivity and reduce the loss of scientists who have been historically marginalized.

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