Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quality control Standards Case studies'

Quality assurance (QA) has become a key factor to business success in the marketplace. Within Australia, companies normally approach QA by implementing formal systems which maintain the consistency of manufacturing processes, and hence, the quality of subsequent output. These systems have increasingly been based upon the international series of standards, ISO 9000.In the food industry, safety is a minimum requirement for food quality. As Governments and food authorities have endeavoured to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses, they have promoted the implementation of additional systems developed to a specific standard for food safety, namely Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). However, the cost of developing and maintaining separate systems to ISO 9000 and HACCP is prohibitive to many food companies, particularly smaller operators. As a consequence, a number of alternative standards have been recently developed that are more relevant to the needs of these companies (e.g. SQF 2000, HACCP-9000). The purpose of this study was to develop a QA plan which could be successfully applied by a particular small food manufacturer (Westoz Brewing), This was achieved by adopting a technique used in a number of these alternative standards, i.e. application of HACCP to both safety and wider quality issues. Due to time constraints, the study focussed on applying HACCP only to quality issues rather than to both quality and safety issues. In particular, these issues were associated with lager-style products manufactured at one of the client's breweries. As a result of this research, the client was provided with a practical plan suitable for the application of a QA system to the production of a Westoz beer. In addition to reducing costs associated with maintaining an integrated system, further savings would be made due to the preventative nature of HACCP, i.e, minimisation of product reworking and waste by ensuring that more products are manufactured "right first time". The developed plan also represented an initial step towards certification to recognised quality standards such as SQF 2000.

Thesis (MCUR)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a proud history of a high standard of health care delivery in State funded hospitals. This implies that high standards of education and care in both medical and nursing training have been achieved. The care of sick and premature newborn infants by nurses is a speciality that has evolved worldwide over the last forty years as a result of various technological developments. In order to ensure the standard of care delivered, protocols of care should be available for nurses to refer to and to measure their work against. There were no protocols of care available in the two Neonatal Units (NICUs) used in this study. Using a non-experimental, exploratory descriptive design, the researcher set about measuring the quality of nursing care in the NICUs. Standards (structure, process and outcome) were written by the researcher, and validated. The results showed that the standards were not met at an acceptable level in various areas. One of the areas of great concern was the lack of effective hand washing. Outcome standards which reflect the consequences of care indicated serious shortages of staff in some cases and insufficient staff training. Recommendations are that a Quality Assurance Program should be introduced with training and education of the nurses working in the NICUs and the introduction of evidencebased practice. Future research should aim at showing the way to improve the service delivered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het ‘n trotse geskiedenis van ‘n hoë standard van gesondheidsorgdienslewering in Staatsbefondsde hospitale. Dit impliseer dat hoë standaarde in mediese en verpleegopleiding bereik is. Die versorging van siek en premature pasgebore babas deur verpleegkundiges is ‘n spesialiteit wat oor die afgelope veertig jaar wêreldwyd ontwikkel het as gevolg van verskeie tegnologiese ontwikkelings. Ten einde te verseker dat ‘n hoë standard van sorg gelewer word, moet protokolle beskikbaar wees vir verpleegkundiges om te gebruik en hulle werkverrigting teen te meet. Daar was geen protokolle beskikbaar in die twee neonatale eenhede wat in hierdie studie gebruik is nie. ‘n Nie-eksperimentele, verkennende, beskrywende ontwerp is deur die navorser gebruik om die gehalte van verpleegsorg in die neonatale eenhede te evalueer. Standaarde (struktuur, proses en uitkoms) is deur die navorser opgestel en gevalideer. Die resultate toon aan dat die standaarde in verskeie areas nie aanvaarbaar nagekom word nie. ‘n Kommerwekkende bevinding was die afwesigheid van effektiewe was van hande. Uitkomsstandaarde wat die resultaat van sorg weerspieël, het aangedui dat daar ernstige tekorte aan personeel in sommige gevalle bestaan het asook onvoldoende opleiding van personeel. Aanbevelings is dat ‘n Gehalteversekeringsprogram ingestel behoort te word en met die opleiding van verpleegkundiges werksaam in die neonatale eenhede en evidence-based practice aangespreek moet word. Toekomstige navorsing behoort aan te dui hoe om die diens wat gelewer word, te verbeter.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the face of increasing competition, Business Schools increasingly have to evaluate the quality of the service that they offer to current and prospective students. The most significant factor affecting an organisation's performance is the quality of its products and services in relation to the products and services of competitors. Measurement of service quality is a function of customer satisfaction, which in tum is based on a perception of how the service conforms to prior expectations thereof. A widely accepted method of quality assurance used in industry is ISO 9000 certification. For academic institutions the de facto method of providing confidence in the quality of the education they offer is through academic accreditation. The University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) is unclear - in the light of its academic accreditations - of the benefits to be derived from implementing ISO standardisation within the organisation. The iso 9000 series is a set of quality standards, of which ISO 900 I: 2000 is one, which is primarily concerned with the quality management process. It deals with what the organisation does to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer and applicable regulatory requirements, and to continually improve the organisations performance in this regard. It is important to note that compliance with ISO standards is not intended to guarantee the quality of a product or service, it is however intended to provide confidence in the processes which produced or delivered the product or service. In evaluating the applicability of ISO 9000 in the service industry, it is concluded that there is little difference from how its standards and guidelines apply in manufacturing to how they apply in service industries. The USB is found to have implemented an extensive quality management system in order to attain various academic accreditations, most notably EQUIS accreditation. Thus from an academic perspective there would be little to gain from USB implementing ISO 9001: 2000, even though the standard is perfectly suited for academic environments. Where advantages would most likely be realised is in the peripheral business and support functions of the USB.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die aangesig van toenemende mededinging moet bestuurskole gereeld die kwaliteit van diens wat hulle aan huidige en voomemende studente bied, evalueer. Die mees veelseggende faktor in 'n organisasie se prestasie is hoe die kwaliteit van sy produkte en dienste vergelyk met die van sy mededingers. Die meet van die kwaliteit diens wat 'n organisasie lewer is 'n funksie van die tevredestelling van kliente, wat op sy beurt weer gebaseer is op insig tot die wyse waarop die diens ooreenstem met die oorspronklike verwagtinge daarvan. ISO 9000 sertifikasie word algemeen aanvaar in industrie as 'n betroubare maatstaf waarteen kwalitieit gemeet word. Vir akademiese instellings is die de facto metode om vertroue te wek in die kwaliteit van die opleiding wat hulle aanbied, deur middel van akademiese akkreditasie. Vir die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Bestuurskool (USB) is dit in die lig van hulle akademiese akkreditasie onduidelik wat die voordele verbonde aan die implementering van ISO standaardisering binne die organisasie sou wees. Die reeks ISO 9000 is 'n stel kwaliteitstandaarde, waarvan ISO 900 I: 2000 een is, en is hoofsaaklik gemoeid met die proses van kwaliteitsbestuur. Dit bemoei hom met die stappe wat 'n organisasie neem om klientebevrediging te bevorder deur die bereiking van die vereistes van beide sy kliente en die toepasbare voorskrifte. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat 'n onderworpenheid aan ISO standaarde geensins die bedoeling het om die kwaliteit van 'n produk of diens te waarborg nie - die oogmerk is egter om vertroue te wek in die prosesse wat die produk of diens veroorsaak of gelewer het. Deur die toepasbaarheid van ISO 9000 in die diensbedryfte evalueer, is dit vasgestel dat daar inderdaad min verskil is tussen die wyse waarop hierdie standaarde en riglyne van toepassing is in die vervaardigingsektor en hoe dit toegepas word in diensbedrywe. Dit is vasgestel dat USB 'n verreikende kwaliteitsbestuursisteem in werking het om verskeie akademiese akkreditasies te bekom, veral die EQUIS akkreditasie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat daar vanuit 'n akademiese oogpunt min rede is vir USB om ISO 900 I: 2000 te implementeer, selfs al is hierdie standaard goed van toepassing op 'n akademiese omgewing. Waar dit tot sy beste voordeel toegepas kan word, is in die omliggende sake- en ondersteuningsfunksies van USB.

Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Ensuring that predetermined quality standards are met is an issue which software development companies, and the software development industry at large, is having issues in attaining. The software testing process is an important process within the larger software development process, and is done to ensure that software functionality meets user requirements and software defects are detected and fixed prior to users receiving the developed software. Software testing processes have progressed to the point where there are formal processes, dedicated software testing resources and defect management software in use at software development organisations. The research determined implications that the case study software development organisation could face when deviating from software testing processes, with a focus on function performed by the software tester role. The analytical dimensions of duality of structure framework, based on Structuration Theory, was used as a lens to understand and interpret the socio-technical processes associated with software development processes at the case study organisation. Results include the identification of software testing processes, resources and tools, together with the formal software development processes and methodologies being used. Critical e-commerce website functionality and software development resource costs were identified. Tangible and intangible costs which arise due to software defects were also identified. Recommendations include the prioritisation of critical functionality for test execution for the organisation’s e-commerce website platform. The necessary risk management should also be undertaken in scenarios with time constraints on software testing, which balances risk with quality, features, budget and schedule. Numerous process improvements were recommended for the organisation, to assist in preventing deviations from prescribed testing processes. A guideline was developed as a research contribution to illustrate the relationships of the specific research areas and the impact on software project delivery.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis briefly explores the quality phenomenon in higher education and more specifically in the university context. In addition, the experiences of stakeholders who participated in the first institutional quality audit at a merged university are explored and analysed. It is also argued that the world-wide quality phenomenon at universities, although sometimes politically driven and at times undertaken with hidden agendas, may eventually add value to a university‟ cycle of never-ending quality improvement and enhancement. University stakeholders who are either directly or indirectly involved in realising the university‟s vision and mission can provide invaluable feedback about their experience of a quality audit. Feedback by all stakeholders about a quality audit will assist the university to plan and prepare for the next cycle of quality audits. The research findings of this study indicated that a variety of differences exist in the perceptions of stakeholders that participated in the preparation and execution of the institutional quality audit. In some cases the differences may hold some limited risk for the university therefore some recommendations are also made in support of future audits. These and other recommendations emenating from the research findings will hopefully also contribute towards improved engagement between the stakeholders and members of the audit panel.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek kortliks die verskynsel van gehalte in hoër onderwys, en meer spesifiek in die universiteitskonteks. Voorts word die ervarings van belanghebbendes wat deelgeneem het aan die eerste institusionele kwaliteitsoudit aan ʼn saamgesmelte universiteit, ondersoek en ontleed. Daar word ook aangevoer dat die wêreldwye verskynsel van kwaliteit aan universiteite uiteindelik waarde kan toevoeg tot ʼn universiteit se siklus van ewigdurende kwaliteitsversekering en –verbetering, selfs al is hierdie verskynsel soms polities gedrewe en al gaan dit by tye gepaard met verskuilde agendas. Belanghebbendes van die universiteit wat direk of indirek betrokke is by die realisering van die universiteit se visie en missie kan uiters waardevolle terugvoer bied oor hulle ervaring van ʼn kwaliteitsoudit. Terugvoer deur alle belanghebbendes oor ʼn kwaliteitsoudit sal die universiteit help om vir die volgende siklus kwaliteitsoudits te beplan en voor te berei. Die navorsingsbevindings van hierdie studie dui daarop dat ʼn verskeidenheid verskille wel bestaan in die persepsies van belanghebbendes wat deelgeneem het aan die voorbereiding en uitvoering van die institusionele kwaliteitsoudit. In sommige gevalle hou die verskille wel ʼn beperkte risiko vir die universiteit in en daarom word aanbevelings gemaak ter ondersteuning van toekomstige kwaliteitsoudits. Hierdie, sowel as ander aanbevelings sal hopelik ook bydra tot verbeterde interaksie tussen die belanghebbendes en lede van die ouditpaneel.

Thesis (MTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008
While there is a standard for quality and environmental auditors, there is no local or international standard for food safety auditing, which means auditors from different certification bodies can use their own discretion when auditing food establishments. There is a requirement to investigate the quality of work performed by South African food safety auditors. in order to establish whether they do in fact add value when conducting registration and certification audits. This is also an indication of the importance of improving and maintaining a high standard of food safety in the food services industry. The overall concept of food safety in South Africa IS clearly not defined. understood by only a few consumers, and not widely accepted. Research has shown that food retailers in South Africa in general do not believe food safety auditors are competent. In the wake of the Sudan Red scare two years ago. a long awaited food safety initiative was launched in February 2006. The scare pertaining to a carcinogenic food dye. which found its way into spices on local supermarket shelves, mobilized food industry role players to improve food safety standards. Under the auspices of the Consumer Goods Council of South Africa (CGCSA), the body responsible for establishing best practices and implementation standards, Food Safety South Africa (FSSA) will enable an organization to determine the exact nature and extent of possible and actual problems along the food supply chain. The key objectives of this research study are to determine whether one food certification standard is needed in South Africa and to assess the value added by the food auditors to their clients. Social research will be conducted within the ambit of the dissertation, with case study serving as research method. Both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms will be used to gather data for the research survey in support of the research question. forming the crux of the dissertation which reads as follow: "How can food safety auditors increase value added to the audit process in food environments in South Africa?"

Household air pollution (HAP) is responsible for almost 4 million premature deaths every year, a burden that is primarily carried by women and children in developing countries. The mortality and morbidity impact of HAP can be significantly alleviated through clean cookstove interventions. However, for these interventions to be effective, the new intervention stove must be a substantially cleaner technology and adoption should be high and sustained over time. Woody biomass is the fuel of choice in many developing communities, and contributes substantially to HAP. Several organizations have launched clean cooking interventions to address this issue. However, the majority of those interventions do not address adoption related challenges, that they often face. This thesis explores previous studies on Human-Centered Design (HCD) and the impact of feedback and data access on behavior change. It details a HCD process and methodology applied during the design process of an air quality feedback system, to improve adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves in Rwanda. The feedback system is intended to provide real-time air quality information to stove users and potentially encourage them to abandon traditional biomass cookstoves in favor of the cleaner LPG stoves.

The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows. Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios. In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics. Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river. As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions. Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids.

This case study was undertaken from mid 2003 to December 2005. It investigates the influence of the Corporate Services Centre (CSC) on customer (patient) service quality in the East London Hospital Complex (ELHC). This approach was justified on the basis that even though most patients do not have enough knowledge of clinical practices in order to make an accurate assessment on their quality, the same patients would readily appreciate factors such as faster turnaround times, drug availability and cleanliness. The study focuses on both service providers and end users for a quality health service delivery by looking at the potential of the shared corporate services centre. This was done by identifying important areas for improvements, such as response times, waiting periods and other aspects of the various services. The ELHC was formed from the merger of Frere and Cecilia Makiwane Hospitals, with a distance of 26km between the two institutions. The complex itself was in its infancy stages, having had to go through a process of re-engineering, rationalisation and standardisation of the two hospitals. The study seeks to answer the following key question: What has been the contribution of the corporate service centres in relation to health care service quality? The study examines the impediments to the realization of full potential of the Corporate Services Centre (CSC) through expedited decision-making and improved turnaround times. The main functions of the CSC were Procurement and Asset Management; General Administration (including but not limited to Transport, Office equipment, Patient Administration, Office Support, and Professional Secretariat Support); Financial Management and Administration; and Human Resource Management and Human Resources Administration. The study recommends that the CSC, to justify its existence, needs to consult with the clinicians and the patients to better understand what their needs and aspirations are. The study also emphasizes that the CSC is there purely to remove the administrative load and ease the processes and the biggest mistake is to make it an authority over the hospital, instead of being a support. Finally, it was realized that a lot of structural changes, business processes and organisational cultural changes are essential if one wants to create an impact through shared corporate services.

Drawing upon case studies of three organisations operating six call centres in Australia, this thesis explores the manifestations and interplay of employee resistance and accommodation in response to five facets of employer control: electronic monitoring; repetitious work; emotional control; the built environment; and workplace flexibility. Accommodation refers to the ways workers protect themselves from and adapt to the pressures that make up their day-to-day experiences of work. Accommodation, unlike resistance, which implies opposition to control, may superficially resemble consent to control. I argue that resistance and accommodation are not polar opposites; rather they are both reflections of the conflict and tensions that lie at the heart of the employment relationship. At the study sites, employees utilised resistance and accommodation both separately and concurrently. An explanation of these seemingly contradictory responses and of the links among accommodation individual resistance and collective resistance lies in the concept of ???self???. In this thesis, ???self??? refers to workers??? perceptions of fairness, dignity and autonomy. I examine how these notions frame worker discontent and promote employee solidarity. ???Everyday resistance???, a concept first developed by Scott (1985) in relation to peasant struggles, is employed to highlight the existence of subterranean struggles in workplaces that otherwise appear to be harmonious. At the study sites, everyday resistance was a multi-faceted, widely employed strategy whose strength lay primarily in its immediate impact. There was, however, no necessary sequential development from accommodation, through everyday resistance to overt, formal forms of conflict. What was evident was that multiple responses to employer control could co-exist and inhibit or promote one another. But it was through organised collective resistance that more formalised gains were made and widely held grievances addressed. I suggest that, although everyday resistance may lay the groundwork for more formal struggles, one should not conclude that traditional collective resistance is ???genuine??? resistance and everyday resistance is simply a second-best prelude to it. Although conflict is always present, its intensity differs. If we are to understand the complexity of worker responses to managerial control, we need to expand the theoretical frameworks within which we analyse and interpret conflict.

[EN] Nowadays, biomedical research and decision making depend to a great extent on the data stored in information systems. As a consequence, a lack of data quality (DQ) may lead to suboptimal decisions, or hinder the derived research processes and outcomes. This thesis aims to the research and development of methods for assessing two DQ problems of special importance in Big Data and large-scale repositories, based on multi-institutional, cross-border infrastructures, and acquired during long periods of time: the variability of data probability distributions (PDFs) among different data sources-multi-source variability-and the variability of data PDFs over time-temporal variability. Variability in PDFs may be caused by differences in data acquisition methods, protocols or health care policies; systematic or random errors during data input and management; demographic differences in populations; or even falsified data. To date, these issues have received little attention as DQ problems nor count with adequate assessment methods. The developed methods aim to measure, detect and characterize variability dealing with multi-type, multivariate, multi-modal data, and not affected by large sample sizes. To this end, we defined an Information Theory and Geometry probabilistic framework based on the inference of non-parametric statistical manifolds from the normalized distances of PDFs among data sources and over time. Based on this, a number of contributions have been generated. For the multi-source variability assessment we have designed two metrics: the Global Probabilistic Deviation, which measures the degree of global variability among the PDFs of multiple sources-equivalent to the standard deviation among PDFs; and the Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, which measures the dissimilarity of the PDF of a single data source to a global latent average. They are based on the construction of a simplex geometrical figure (the maximum-dimensional statistical manifold) using the distances among sources, and complemented by the Multi-Source Variability plot, an exploratory visualization of that simplex which permits detecting grouping patterns among sources. The temporal variability method provides two main tools: the Information Geometric Temporal plot, an exploratory visualization of the temporal evolution of PDFs based on the projection of the statistical manifold from temporal batches; and the PDF Statistical Process Control, a monitoring and automatic change detection algorithm for PDFs. The methods have been applied to repositories in real case studies, including the Public Health Mortality and Cancer Registries of the Region of Valencia, Spain; the UCI Heart Disease; the United States NHDS; and Spanish Breast Cancer and an In-Vitro Fertilization datasets. The methods permitted discovering several findings such as partitions of the repositories in probabilistically separated temporal subgroups, punctual temporal anomalies due to anomalous data, and outlying and clustered data sources due to differences in populations or in practices. A software toolbox including the methods and the automated generation of DQ reports was developed. Finally, we defined the theoretical basis of a biomedical DQ evaluation framework, which have been used in the construction of quality assured infant feeding repositories, in the contextualization of data for their reuse in Clinical Decision Support Systems using an HL7-CDA wrapper; and in an on-line service for the DQ evaluation and rating of biomedical data repositories. The results of this thesis have been published in eight scientific contributions, including top-ranked journals and conferences. One of the journal publications was selected by the IMIA as one of the best of Health Information Systems in 2013. Additionally, the results have contributed to several research projects, and have leaded the way to the industrialization of the developed methods and approaches for the audit and control of biomedical DQ.
[ES] Actualmente, la investigación biomédica y toma de decisiones dependen en gran medida de los datos almacenados en los sistemas de información. En consecuencia, una falta de calidad de datos (CD) puede dar lugar a decisiones sub-óptimas o dificultar los procesos y resultados de las investigaciones derivadas. Esta tesis tiene como propósito la investigación y desarrollo de métodos para evaluar dos problemas especialmente importantes en repositorios de datos masivos (Big Data), basados en infraestructuras multi-céntricas, adquiridos durante largos periodos de tiempo: la variabilidad de las distribuciones de probabilidad (DPs) de los datos entre diferentes fuentes o sitios-variabilidad multi-fuente-y la variabilidad de las distribuciones de probabilidad de los datos a lo largo del tiempo-variabilidad temporal. La variabilidad en DPs puede estar causada por diferencias en los métodos de adquisición, protocolos o políticas de atención; errores sistemáticos o aleatorios en la entrada o gestión de datos; diferencias demográficas en poblaciones; o incluso por datos falsificados. Esta tesis aporta métodos para detectar, medir y caracterizar dicha variabilidad, tratando con datos multi-tipo, multivariantes y multi-modales, y sin ser afectados por tamaños muestrales grandes. Para ello, hemos definido un marco de Teoría y Geometría de la Información basado en la inferencia de variedades de Riemann no-paramétricas a partir de distancias normalizadas entre las PDs de varias fuentes de datos o a lo largo del tiempo. En consecuencia, se han aportado las siguientes contribuciones: Para evaluar la variabilidad multi-fuente se han definido dos métricas: la Global Probabilistic Deviation, la cual mide la variabilidad global entre las PDs de varias fuentes-equivalente a la desviación estándar entre PDs; y la Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, la cual mide la disimilaridad entre la DP de una fuente y un promedio global latente. Éstas se basan en un simplex construido mediante las distancias entre las PDs de las fuentes. En base a éste, se ha definido el Multi-Source Variability plot, visualización que permite detectar patrones de agrupamiento entre fuentes. El método de variabilidad temporal proporciona dos herramientas: el Information Geometric Temporal plot, visualización exploratoria de la evolución temporal de las PDs basada en la la variedad estadística de los lotes temporales; y el Control de Procesos Estadístico de PDs, algoritmo para la monitorización y detección automática de cambios en PDs. Los métodos han sido aplicados a casos de estudio reales, incluyendo: los Registros de Salud Pública de Mortalidad y Cáncer de la Comunidad Valenciana; los repositorios de enfermedades del corazón de UCI y NHDS de los Estados Unidos; y repositorios españoles de Cáncer de Mama y Fecundación In-Vitro. Los métodos detectaron hallazgos como particiones de repositorios en subgrupos probabilísticos temporales, anomalías temporales puntuales, y fuentes de datos agrupadas por diferencias en poblaciones y en prácticas. Se han desarrollado herramientas software incluyendo los métodos y la generación automática de informes. Finalmente, se ha definido la base teórica de un marco de CD biomédicos, el cual ha sido utilizado en la construcción de repositorios de calidad para la alimentación del lactante, en la contextualización de datos para el reuso en Sistemas de Ayuda a la Decisión Médica usando un wrapper HL7-CDA, y en un servicio on-line para la evaluación y clasificación de la CD de repositorios biomédicos. Los resultados de esta tesis han sido publicados en ocho contribuciones científicas (revistas indexadas y artículos en congresos), una de ellas seleccionada por la IMIA como una de las mejores publicaciones en Sistemas de Información de Salud en 2013. Los resultados han contribuido en varios proyectos de investigación, y facilitado los primeros pasos hacia la industrialización de las tecnologías
[CAT] Actualment, la investigació biomèdica i presa de decisions depenen en gran mesura de les dades emmagatzemades en els sistemes d'informació. En conseqüència, una manca en la qualitat de les dades (QD) pot donar lloc a decisions sub-òptimes o dificultar els processos i resultats de les investigacions derivades. Aquesta tesi té com a propòsit la investigació i desenvolupament de mètodes per avaluar dos problemes especialment importants en repositoris de dades massius (Big Data) basats en infraestructures multi-institucionals o transfrontereres, adquirits durant llargs períodes de temps: la variabilitat de les distribucions de probabilitat (DPs) de les dades entre diferents fonts o llocs-variabilitat multi-font-i la variabilitat de les distribucions de probabilitat de les dades al llarg del temps-variabilitat temporal. La variabilitat en DPs pot estar causada per diferències en els mètodes d'adquisició, protocols o polítiques d'atenció; errors sistemàtics o aleatoris durant l'entrada o gestió de dades; diferències demogràfiques en les poblacions; o fins i tot per dades falsificades. Aquesta tesi aporta mètodes per detectar, mesurar i caracteritzar aquesta variabilitat, tractant amb dades multi-tipus, multivariants i multi-modals, i no sent afectats per mides mostrals grans. Per a això, hem definit un marc de Teoria i Geometria de la Informació basat en la inferència de varietats de Riemann no-paramètriques a partir de distàncies normalitzades entre les DPs de diverses fonts de dades o al llarg del temps. En conseqüència s'han aportat les següents contribucions: Per avaluar la variabilitat multi-font s'han definit dos mètriques: la Global Probabilistic Deviation, la qual mesura la variabilitat global entre les DPs de les diferents fonts-equivalent a la desviació estàndard entre DPs; i la Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, la qual mesura la dissimilaritat entre la DP d'una font de dades donada i una mitjana global latent. Aquestes estan basades en la construcció d'un simplex mitjançant les distàncies en les DPs entre fonts. Basat en aquest, s'ha definit el Multi-Source Variability plot, una visualització que permet detectar patrons d'agrupament entre fonts. El mètode de variabilitat temporal proporciona dues eines: l'Information Geometric Temporal plot, visualització exploratòria de l'evolució temporal de les distribucions de dades basada en la varietat estadística dels lots temporals; i el Statistical Process Control de DPs, algoritme per al monitoratge i detecció automàtica de canvis en les DPs de dades. Els mètodes han estat aplicats en repositoris de casos d'estudi reals, incloent: els Registres de Salut Pública de Mortalitat i Càncer de la Comunitat Valenciana; els repositoris de malalties del cor de UCI i NHDS dels Estats Units; i repositoris espanyols de Càncer de Mama i Fecundació In-Vitro. Els mètodes han detectat troballes com particions dels repositoris en subgrups probabilístics temporals, anomalies temporals puntuals, i fonts de dades anòmales i agrupades a causa de diferències en poblacions i en les pràctiques. S'han desenvolupat eines programari incloent els mètodes i la generació automàtica d'informes. Finalment, s'ha definit la base teòrica d'un marc de QD biomèdiques, el qual ha estat utilitzat en la construcció de repositoris de qualitat per l'alimentació del lactant, la contextualització de dades per a la reutilització en Sistemes d'Ajuda a la Decisió Mèdica usant un wrapper HL7-CDA, i en un servei on-line per a l'avaluació i classificació de la QD de repositoris biomèdics. Els resultats d'aquesta tesi han estat publicats en vuit contribucions científiques (revistes indexades i en articles en congressos), una de elles seleccionada per la IMIA com una de les millors publicacions en Sistemes d'Informació de Salut en 2013. Els resultats han contribuït en diversos projectes d'investigació, i han facilitat la industrialització de les tecnologies d
Sáez Silvestre, C. (2016). Probabilistic methods for multi-source and temporal biomedical data quality assessment [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62188
TESIS
Premiado

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho acústico de um sistema construtivo modular e industrializado por meio do método simplificado de campo indicado pelas normas ABNT NBR 15575-4:2013 e ISO 10052:2004, analisando as vedações verticais internas e externas quanto ao isolamento ao ruído aéreo e as comparando com análises já realizadas em outras edificações de trabalhos conhecidos. A indústria de construção civil, em todo o mundo, encontra-se em um momento dedicado à busca e implementação de estratégias de modernização do setor, a fim de se reduzir os custos e minimizar os desperdícios, investido em construções sustentáveis. Há uma necessidade de estudos baseados nos parâmetros da norma NBR 15575-4:2013 para a devida caracterização das tecnologias construtivas que surgem e ainda são consideradas novidade para o setor. A norma implica em uma série de exigências e recomendações, como por exemplo, o conforto acústico, que será abordado nesse trabalho. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no método simplificado orientado pela ISO 10052:2004. Foram analisadas duas edificações de 40,0m2 cada. Uma delas é um sobrado, e a outra uma casa térrea. Foram feitas as medições de níveis de pressão sonora nos cômodos e nas fachadas, e as medições do tempo de reverberação dos cômodos. Depois de realizadas as medições foram feitas as análises pelo teste “t” de student. Em comparação com os padrões de outros países, percebeu-se que a norma ABNT NBR 15.575-4:2013 possui valores brandos, e que mesmo assim, as atuais técnicas construtivas brasileiras, em sua maior parte, não conseguem atingi-los. Através dos resultados encontrados, percebeu-se uma eficiência quanto ao isolamento ao ruído aéreo nas edificações modulares e industrializadas quando comparados às edificações de outras técnicas construtivas. Conclui-se, então, que o sobrado e a edificação térrea estão de acordo com os níveis de desempenho estabelecidos pelo norma ABNT NBR 15.575-4:2013.
The objective of this study is evaluate the modular and industrialized building system’s acoustic performance through the simplified field method indicated by ABNT NBR 15575-4:2013 and ISO 10052: 2004, analyzing the internal and external vertical seals for air noise insulation and comparing with previous analyzes in other approaches. The world construction industry is in a dedicated time to the pursuit and implementation of sector modernization strategies in order to reduce costs and minimize waste, invested in sustainable buildings. It’s is necessary studies based on the parameters of NBR 15575-4: 2013 for the proper characterization of building technologies that emerge and are still new to the sector. The standard implies a series of requirements and recommendations, such as the acoustic comfort, which will be addressed in this work. The methodology used was based on the simplified method guided by ISO 10052: 2004. Two buildings were analyzed, with 40,0m2 each. One of them is a two-story house, and the other is a ground floor building. Measurements of sound pressure levels were made in the rooms and on the frontages, and measurements of the reverberation time of rooms. After the measurements were made analyzes with test "t" student. Compared to the standards of other countries, it was realized that the ABNT NBR 15575-4: 2013 has soft values, and that even so, the current Brazilian construction techniques, for the most part, can not reach them. Through these results, it was noticed an efficiency about the isolation airnoise in modular and industrialized buildings compared to buildings of other construction techniques. It follows, then, that the floor and the ground floor building comply with the performance levels established by ABNT NBR 15575-4: 2013.

Workplace misbehaviour is seen to be a neglected feature of organizational study (Ackroyd and Thompson; Vardi and Weitz, 2004). Where research has been undertaken into misbehaviour the emphasis tends fall into two broad categories. First of all, organizational behaviour theorists use the term misbehaviour as a means to highlight how the ‘negative’ behaviour of employees gets in the way of formal organizational goals. Secondly, radical sociologists tend to use the term misbehaviour as a means to critique Foucauldian labour process theory. Here an argument is made that suggests the disciplinary affects of new management practices associated with human resource management and total quality management have been overstated. Furthermore, radical sociologists also use the term misbehaviour as means to critique organizational behaviour accounts, which are believed to paint overly optimistic accounts of organizational life. However, on further examination it was discovered that neither a radical sociological approach, nor a traditional organizational behaviour approach, sufficiently addresses the current deficit in our understandings and explanations for workplace misbehaviour. Hence, one of the main themes of this thesis was to design a theoretical and methodological framework to address the deficit in our understandings and explanations. As such, a view was taken of how a radical sociological approach (orthodox labour process analysis) combined with an emerging social psychological perspective (a social identity approach (Haslam, 2001)) could help overcome previous theoretical problems associated with researching misbehaviour. Empirical support for this approach is provided by the detailed examination of the objective and subjective working conditions of four different sets of low status workers. The findings are based on longitudinal covert participant observations, as well as covert interviews and the covert gathering of company documents. The findings depart from previous insights into workplace misbehaviour in stressing the importance of acknowledging and investigating both the organizational and sub-group social identities of low status workers, in relation to such activities. As such, a great deal of the misbehaviour noted in the findings can be attributed to the poor treatment of low status workers by management, yet misbehaviour is equally if not more attributable to the empowering or inhibitive qualities of the many psychological groups that worker can associate with or disassociate themselves from. Recommendations are made about the direction of future research into workplace misbehaviour. There are many suggestions made and include examining misbehaviour in a wider range of settings, sectors and levels of organizations.

Nas Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público encontra-se a NBC T 16.11, que visa estabelecer a utilização do Sistema de Informações de Custos no Setor Público (SICSP), em que, pela Portaria no 753/2012 do STN, definiu- se que a sua implantação deveria ocorrer até o final de 2014. Neste contexto, é imprescindível conhecer quais as dificuldades e expectativas que os atores envolvidos nesse processo de implantação possuem e qual a contribuição do SICSP para o desenvolvimento local. Com efeito, este trabalho tem por norte discutir: Qual a percepção dos usuários sobre a importância do Sistema de Informações de Custos no Setor Público para a gestão e desenvolvimento municipal? Assim, para iniciar a discussão, colocou-se como objetivo geral do estudo investigar a percepção dos responsáveis pela implantação do SICSP, quanto à sua contribuição como ferramenta de Gestão e Planejamento para o Desenvolvimento dos respectivos Municípios. A pesquisa se utilizou do questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados em campo. A metodologia da análise de dados aplicada ao questionário se valeu da análise univariada e com o auxílio do teste qui-quadrado, utilizou-se também a análise bivariada. Demonstra-se, por meio da pesquisa de campo, aliada ao referencial teórico, alicerçado pelas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental que, findado o prazo legal de implantação, grande parte dos respondentes ainda não concluíram o processo, mesmo entendendo que o SICSP contribui significativamente para a gestão e desenvolvimento do município. Como resultado e conclusão, nota- se, que há uma carência de pessoal qualificado tecnicamente para a implantação e utilização do SICSP bem como se salienta ainda que o quantitativo de pessoal é insuficiente em muitos dos casos pesquisados.
Norm T16.11 of the Brazilian Accounting Norms (Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade - NBC), regulated through Law regulation no. 753/2012 of the National Treasury Department, is applied to the Public Sector and provides rules for the Public Sector Cost Information System determining that its implantation should have been effective until the end of 2014. In such context, it is indispensable to know the difficulties and expectations facing the people involved in the implantation process, as well as the Public Sector Cost Information System contribution to local development. Thus, the present work aims at discussing if users understand the importance of the Public Sector Cost Information System to municipal management and development. The study general objective is to investigate if people in charge of implanting the Public Sector Cost Information System see it as a management and planning tool to help municipality development. The study field research methodology used questionnaires as data collection tool. Data analysis= was performed using univariate analysis with the help of chi-squared test and bivariate analysis. Based on the field research, that was associated to a theoretical referential and to bibliographic and documental researches, we inferred that although the legal implantation term have expired, most of the interviewed have not yet completed the process, even though they understood that the Public Sector Cost Information System contributes significantly to improve municipality management and development. The study conclusion is that there is a lack of technically qualified personnel to implant and use the Public Sector Cost Information System. We also highlight that in most of the study cases personnel qualification is unsatisfactory.

by Wong Kung-Hin, Caleb.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56).
ABSTRACT --- p.i
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi
CHAPTER
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Quality--A Historical Perspective --- p.1
Rise of Quality System Standards --- p.2
ISO 9000 Series --- p.4
Architecture of ISO 9000 Series of Standards --- p.5
The Registration Process --- p.7
Significance of ISO 9000 --- p.8
Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.13
Purpose of the Paper --- p.13
Literature Review --- p.14
Chapter III. --- IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 9002 --- p.16
Company Profile --- p.16
Selection of Standard --- p.18
Overview of ISO 9002 --- p.19
Process of Implementation --- p.20
Selection of Registration Body --- p.26
Hints to Successful Implementation --- p.27
Cost and Benefit of Implementation --- p.33
Limitation of ISO 9000 --- p.37
Comparison of ISO 9000 and Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award --- p.38
Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSION --- p.43
APPENDIX 1 History of QA Standards --- p.51
APPENDIX 2 Adoption of ISO 9000 --- p.52
APPENDIX 3 Asia Pacific Lens Plant Management Organization --- p.53
APPENDIX 4 Asia Pacific Lens Plant Process Flow --- p.54
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.55

by Law Po-yee, Annie and Li Lai-fong.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Objective of Study --- p.1
Scope of Study --- p.2
Background --- p.2
Development of ISO 9000 --- p.4
Concept of ISO 9000 --- p.5
Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.9
The Experience of Singapore --- p.9
The Experience of U.S. and Canada --- p.11
The Experience of Hong Kong --- p.13
Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.17
Secondary Data Source --- p.17
Primary Data Source --- p.21
Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS --- p.24
Findings from Questionnaires and Interviews with Respondents --- p.24
Experience of a Consultant : HKPC --- p.31
Experience of the Registrar : HKQAA --- p.33
Limitations --- p.37
Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.39
APPENDIX --- p.46
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.51

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015.
Background The current health care system in South Africa and its diverse settings of health care delivery system require a nurse who can make decisions, think critically, solve problems and work effectively in a team. Traditional nursing education teaching strategies have over the years relied on didactic and often passive approaches to learning. In pursuit of quality, academics and students must be continually engaged in a process of finding opportunities for improving the teaching and learning process. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structure and the process in case based learning at the University of Technology. Methodology This study is qualitative in nature, governed by an interpretive paradigm. This is a case study, which enabled the researcher to merge student interview data with records in order to gain insight into the activities and details of case based learning as practised at the University of Technology under study. Most importantly, the case study method was deemed appropriate for the current study, since case-based learning as a pedagogical approach (and a case) cannot be abstracted from its context for the purposes of study. Case based learning is evaluated in its context namely, the undergraduate nursing programme, using the Donabedian framework of structure, process and product. Results The study recorded that students were positive towards case based learning though some identified dynamics of working in groups as demerits of case based learning. The structures that are in place in the programme and the CBL processes are adequate and support CBL. There are however areas that need attention such as the qualification of the programme coordinator, the size of the class-rooms and the service of the computer laboratory. Conclusion The study found that apart from a few minor discrepancies, case based learning is sufficiently implemented, and experienced as invaluable by students, at the University of Technology under study.

by Chun-pong Kwok.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [144]-[151]).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- ISO 9000 as an isomorphic process in Hong Kong industries --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical and Empirical Background --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Methods --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Internal Organization of each chapter --- p.8
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- ISO 9000 As An Isomorphic Process In Hongkong industries
Chapter 2.1 --- Origin of ISO9000 --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- ISO's Popularity in Global and Local Markets --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Some Characteristics of ISO9000 --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- ISO 9000 as an Isomorphic Process in the Organizational Field --- p.17
Chapter 2.5 --- The Current Models Explaining the Popularity of ISO9000
Chapter 2.51 --- ISO as a Trade Restriction --- p.18
Chapter 2.52 --- The Market Driven Thesis --- p.20
Chapter 2.53 --- ISO as a Product Promoted by Professional Groups --- p.23
Chapter 2.54 --- ISO as a Result of Rational Choice --- p.25
Chapter 2.6 --- Recapitulation --- p.27
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Institutional Theories of Organizations and the Sensemaking Perspective
Chapter 3.1 --- What is An Institution? --- p.30
Chapter 3.2 --- Institutional Theory of Organizations: From Old to New --- p.32
Chapter 3.21 --- The Old Institutional Theory of Organizations --- p.32
Chapter 3.22 --- Contributions of The Old Institutional School --- p.35
Chapter 3.23 --- The Neo-Institutionalism In Organizational Analysis --- p.36
Chapter 3.23 --- a Isomorphic Processes and Mechanisms --- p.39
Chapter 3.23 --- b An Alternative Model Defined by Richard Scott --- p.40
Chapter 3.24 --- The Weaknesses of The Neo-Institutional Approach To Organizational Analysis --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- What is Sensemaking? --- p.47
Chapter 3.31 --- Sensemaking In Organizations --- p.47
Chapter 3.32 --- The Powerfulness of Sensemaking --- p.49
Chapter 3.33a --- Sources of A Good Sense --- p.51
Chapter 3.33b --- The Fragility of Sensemaking and Its Maintenance --- p.52
Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.54
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- A Closer Examination Of The Institutional Isomorphism
Chapter 4.1 --- Different Organizations are all in the same field --- p.55
Chapter 4.2 --- How Cocecive/ Regulative Institution Works --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- How Cognitive Institution Works --- p.61
Chapter 4.4 --- How Normative Institution Works --- p.65
Chapter 4.5 --- The Mutual Reinforcement of Institutional Pressures in the Environment --- p.69
Chapter 4.6 --- Recapitulation --- p.71
Chapter 5. --- Institutional Sources of Sensemaking and Its Strategies --- p.72
Chapter 5.1 --- The Nature of Sensemaking --- p.73
Chapter 5.2 --- Extraorganizational Sources of Sensemaking --- p.76
Chapter 5.21 --- Market Signaling --- p.77
Chapter 5.22 --- Reduction Of Responsibility ----Measure To Cope With Inevitable Risk --- p.84
Chapter 5.3 --- Intraorganizational Sources of Sensemaking --- p.86
Chapter 5.31 --- ISO 9000 as a Conflict Resolution Device --- p.87
Chapter 5.3 la --- Misunderstandings --- p.87
Chapter 5.31b --- Fault Aversion --- p.88
Chapter 5.32 --- Labour Control and Deskilling Device --- p.89
Chapter 5.4 --- Sensemaking Strategies --- p.92
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.94
Chapter 6. --- The Management Of Misfits And Dissonance --- p.96
Chapter 6.1 --- The Dissonance and The Failure of Prophecy --- p.96
Chapter 6.2 --- The Puzzle of Quality and Efficiency Improvement --- p.98
Chapter 6.21 --- The Shortcomings of The System --- p.98
Chapter 6.22 --- The Shortcomings of The Certified Companies --- p.100
Chapter 6.23 --- The Shortcomings of The Certifying Bodies --- p.102
Chapter 6.3 --- Strategies used to resolve the dissonance --- p.102
Chapter 6.31 --- The Postponement Of Realizing Of The Promise --- p.103
Chapter 6.32 --- Dissociation From The Unqualified Certifying Bodies --- p.103
Chapter 6.33 --- Redefining The Goals Of Adopting ISO9000 --- p.104
Chapter 6.4 --- The Transformation From Ambiguity To Flexibility --- p.105
Chapter 6.5 --- Labour Resistance --- p.108
Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.111
Chapter 7. --- Recapitulation: A Theory of Social Action In Insitutional Analysis --- p.113
Chapter 7.1 --- "A Theory of Constraint: Institutions, Institutional Environment And Institutionalism In the Organizational Field" --- p.114
Chapter 7.2 --- Theory of Action --- p.118
Chapter 7.3 --- Implications of the Study --- p.120
Chapter 7.31 --- The Eclipse of The Actor's Motivations Under Institutions --- p.120
Chapter 7.32 --- The Extension of Conception of The Organizational Field --- p.122
Chapter 7.33 --- Overinvestment in ISO 9000 --- p.122
Chapter 7.4 --- A Possible Research Agenda --- p.124
APPENDIX I --- p.125
APPENDIX II --- p.141
APPENDIX III --- p.143
BIBLIOGRAPHY

The purpose of the study was to develop practice guidelines to promote adherence to infection control standards in a specific hospital in Manzini, Swaziland. It was a qualitative, descriptive and explanatory design which utilised an in-depth unstructured face to face interview data collection method done to nine (9) registered nurse participants. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify prominent themes and patterns, smaller units of data were named and coded according to the contents they represented. Four themes emerged from data analysis, they were; working environment for nurses, nurse’s descriptions of infection control standards, nurse’s challenges regarding adherence to infection control standards and nurses expressed needs. The findings revealed possible contributing factors to non-adherence to infection control standards by participants and therefore denoted to a serious need for development of general guidelines to promote adherence to infection control standards, these guidelines were presented.
Health Studies
M. A. (Health Studies)

by Onda, Shigejiro.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf [52]).
Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter II --- Methodology --- p.3
Chapter III --- Background of the Target Company --- p.4
Chapter IV --- Description of the Operations --- p.5
Workers --- p.6
Each Section at the Cebu Factory --- p.5
Chapter V --- Manufacturing Processes --- p.9
Vanguard --- p.9
Mensou and Henkei --- p.11
Engraving --- p.13
Chapter VI --- Problems Identified --- p.16
Delays --- p.16
Material Management --- p.20
Quality Control --- p.21
Chapter VII --- Recommendations --- p.24
Scheduling and Control --- p.24
Material Control --- p.27
Organizing Materials --- p.33
Partnerships with Suppliers --- p.34
Partnerships with Subcontractors --- p.38
Minimizing Setup Time --- p.40
Quality Control --- p.42
Chapter VIII --- Conclusions --- p.45
Appendix
References

by Ling Ho-Wan Howard, Ryoo Byung-Hoon.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
PREFACE --- p.viii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- IT PROFILE OF HONG KONG --- p.1
IT Penetration in2002 --- p.1
Government Initiatives --- p.2
Software Industry of Hong Kong --- p.2
Chapter II. --- IT STRATEGY --- p.5
IT Strategy - 3 Check Points --- p.5
Flexible Platform --- p.5
Strategy vs. ROI --- p.8
Outsourcing or Internal Development --- p.9
Quality Management System ´ؤ Instituting Best Practices --- p.10
Deming's 14 Points --- p.11
The Juran Trilogy --- p.12
Crosby's 14 Quality Steps --- p.13
Chapter III. --- SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT - CMM --- p.16
Software Development Project --- p.16
Software Project Process Model --- p.17
Software Quality Management --- p.19
Capability Maturity Model (CMM) --- p.20
Bootstrap 3.2 --- p.23
Trillium --- p.25
ISO 9001/TickIT --- p.26
SPICE --- p.27
Chapter IV. --- CMM PRACTICES IN THE WORLD --- p.29
The CMM Practices - Worldwide --- p.29
Two studies on Software Process Management in Taiwan --- p.32
Software Process Management in Taiwan: A Longitudinal Study of Top 1000 Companies --- p.32
Software Project Process Management Maturity and Project Performance --- p.34
Chapter V. --- SOFTWARE PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN HONG KONG --- p.36
The CMM in Hong Kong --- p.37
Case Studies on the SPM in Hong Kong --- p.41
Case 1: Dow Chemical --- p.41
Case 2: Oracle Hong Kong --- p.44
Case 3: Bentley Systems Inc. (Hong Kong) --- p.48
Case 4: i-Cable --- p.50
Case 5: SinoPac Securities (Asia) Ltd --- p.53
Implications of the Statistics --- p.55
Factor comparison of mean value --- p.56
Implications --- p.58
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.60
APPENDIX --- p.62
BIBLOGRAPHY --- p.72

Total Quality Management (TQM) is both enthusiastically praised and severely criticised in the management literature. The current study discusses various problems related to TQM and suggests a model for TQM to attempt to alleviate these problems. This model integrates quality and environmental management basing the system on a combination of the ISO 9002 and ISO 14001 standards. A number of perspectives, which are consequences of the model, are discussed, including integration, participation and multi-criteria decision making. Different strands of Systems Theory are presented as providing insights that should assist in successfully addressing these perspectives. General Systems Theory is described as providing perspectives regarding integration and Soft Systems Thinking as providing perspectives regarding participation. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies are not normally seen as part of Systems Thinking but the compatibility of these two approaches is argued and the utility for TQM of the link between MCDM and Systems Thinking indicated. Critical Systems Thinking is suggested as providing the theoretical perspectives to define a multimethodology framework linking three methodologies, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), Strategic Assumptions Surfacing and Testing (SAST) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This framework is suggested as providing the diversity of perspectives needed to promote participation in the process and to give a sense of direction in the multifaceted management intervention on the problem of progressing toward a combined ISO 9002114001 system. T!Us framework was implemented at Mondi Kraft, Richards-Bay Mill via three workshops following an Action Research based process. This process is described and the data emanating from the workshops analysed and discussed. The process succeeded in the objective of promoting organisational learning on two levels. First, the introduction of the three new methodologies increased management knowledge by providing extra problem solving methods. Second, the issues and models discussed during the workshops heightened management awareness of quality and environmental matters across a wide front and, through the AHP ratings, management was able to prioritise these issues for later action. A number of recommendations and items for possible further research flowed from this study and are discussed.
Thesis (M.Comm.) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

M. Eng. (Engineering Management)
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a managerial approach that views quality to be a result of integrating all organisational activities e.g. engineering, manufacturing, marketing and administration work. It aims broadly at maintaining and improving quality standards and to achieve customer satisfaction. TQM’s major components are quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. Quality control is responsible for transforming quality planning and quality improvement outcomes into daily routine work. However, quality control can be implemented by systematically going around the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) control cycle, with which organisation may achieve continuous small steps of improvement. An entire enterprise can be better controlled when it is regarded as a set of processes. Process is controlled by the same systematic way of implementing PDCA cycle. Some tools are suggested in this dissertation to control processes. These are statistical process control (SPC), root cause analysis (RCA) and the Feedback Loop. Beyond information gleaned from literature on quality control a case study of a steel manufacturing and construction firm is also presented. Some areas for improvement in the quality arena of this firm are identified based on the results of quality management gained from literature.

by Rachel, Yu Mei Ping.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87).
ABSTRACT --- p.i
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v
Chapter
Chapter I . --- INTRODUCTION
Background --- p.1
Why Suddenly Needs 'Quality' ? --- p.2
Actions by the HKHA --- p.4
Chapter II. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Research Problem --- p.6
Literature Research --- p.6
Interviews --- p.7
Questionnaire --- p.7
Chapter III. --- QUALITY AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
What Is Quality ？ --- p.10
What Is ISO 9000 --- p.12
The Construct ion Process --- p.13
Special Characteristics of Construct ion Industry --- p.16
Construct ion Vs Manufacturing --- p.19
Chapter IV. --- QUALITY IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Quality Adhered to Each Stage of Construct ion Process --- p.21
What is Going On ？ --- p.25
Why 'Construction Stage' ？ --- p.29
Why ISO 9000 ？ --- p.29
Chapter V. --- VIEWS FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
A Triangular Relationship --- p.32
Government --- p.33
Contractors --- p.40
Client (Private Developers ) --- p.48
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION
Before and After the Research --- p.52
Is It Suitable --- p.53
Can It Cure the Quality Problem ？ --- p.55
Would It Be Accepted ？ --- p.57
Conclusion --- p.57
Further Words on the Project --- p.58
APPENDICES
Appendix I : List of Contractors Obtained ISO 9000 Certificates (Up To July 1993) --- p.59
Appendix II : Sample of Questionnaire --- p.61
Appendix III : ISO 9001 Quality System Elements --- p.70
Appendix IV : Auditing Procedures --- p.81
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.83

by Yip Hon-leung.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-116).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Basic Organization of this Project --- p.3
The Case Background --- p.4
Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.7
Basic Scope of the Study --- p.7
Basic Approach --- p.8
Confidentiality --- p.9
Preliminary Literature Search --- p.9
Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10
Deming's Fourteen Paints --- p.12
Shewhart (Deming) Cycle --- p.17
Juran's Trilogy --- p.20
Crosby's Fourteen Steps --- p.23
Ishikawa and Feigenbaum on Total Quality Control --- p.28
TQM Examples --- p.30
Chapter IV. --- STUDY FINDINGS --- p.38
TQM Program of CLP as a Whole --- p.38
TQM Organization and Major Activities --- p.39
Total Quality Awareness Training --- p.40
Transmission Projects Department --- p.44
Pilot Improvement Team --- p.53
Team Training --- p.53
Team Process --- p.56
Team Recommendation and Presentation --- p.61
Implementation --- p.64
View-points of the Team Members --- p.66
Further Development --- p.69
Chapter V. --- DISCUSSION --- p.71
Adherence to Deming's Fourteen Points --- p.71
Implementation Framework --- p.76
The Cost Reduction Issue --- p.78
Totality of TQM --- p.85
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.90
TQM Approach of CLP --- p.90
TQM Approach for Project Management --- p.92
Implications --- p.95
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 : CLP'S SUPPLY AREA --- p.98
APPENDIX 2 : SOME OPERATING DATA ABOUT CLP --- p.99
APPENDIX 3 : CLP'S VISION --- p.100
APPENDIX 4 : MISSION STATEMENT OF CLP --- p.101
APPENDIX 5 : ORGANIZATION OF TPD --- p.102
APPENDIX 6 : EXAMPLE OF A MASTER PROJECT PROGRAM OF TPD --- p.103
APPENDIX 7 : TEAM CHARTER OF PILOT IMPROVEMENT TEAM --- p.104
APPENDIX 8 : VALUES / GROUND RULES OF THE TEAM --- p.105
APPENDIX 9 : PROPOSED WORK SCHEDULE OF TEAM --- p.106
APPENDIX 10 : TRANSMISSION PROJECTS PROCESS MAP --- p.107
APPENDIX 11 : PARETO CHART OF SUBSTATION PROJECT COSTS --- p.109
APPENDIX 12 : FISHBONE DIAGRAM OF PROJECT COST ELEMENTS --- p.110
APPENDIX 13 : POSSIBLE COST REDUCTION AREAS --- p.111
APPENDIX 14 : PRIORITIZED LIST OF PROJECT COST REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES --- p.112
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books --- p.113
Periodicals --- p.115

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Masters Degree in Technology: Chemistry, in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Durban University of Technology, 2008.
In this work, a holistic approach to validate analytical methods was assessed by virtue of Monte Carlo simulations. This approach involves a statement of the methodsâ s scope (i.e. analytes, matrices and concentration levels) and requisites (internal or external); selection of the methodâ s (fit-for-purpose) features; pre-validation and validation of the intermediate accuracy and its assessment by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Validation of the other methodâ s features and a validity statement in terms of a â fit-for-purposeâ decision making, harmonized validation-control-uncertainty statistics and short-term routine work with the aim of proposing virtually â ready-to-useâ methods. The protocol could be transferred to other methods. The main aim is to harmonize the work to be done by research teams and routine laboratories assuming that different aims, strategies and practical viewpoints exist. As a result, the recommended protocol should be seen as a starting point. It is necessary to propose definitive (harmonized) protocols that must be established by international normalisation/accreditation entities. The Quality Assurance (Method verification and Internal Quality Control, IQC) limits, as well as sample uncertainty were estimated consistently with the validated accuracy statistics i.e. E U (E) and RSDi + U (RSDi). Two case studies were used to assess Monte Carlo simulation as a tool for method validation in analytical laboratories, the first involves an indirect polarographic method for determining nitrate in waste water and the second involves a direct determination of heavy metals in sea water by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, as an example of the application of the protocol. In this sense the uncertainty obtained could be used for decision making purposes as it is very tempting to use uncertainty as a commercial argument and in this work it has been shown that the smaller the uncertainty, the better the measurement of the instrument or the laboratoryâ s reputation.

by Tung Man Kei.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE --- p.vi
LIST OF APPENDIXES --- p.vii
PREFACE --- p.viii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter II. --- ISO-9000 Standards --- p.4
Recent Development of ISO 9000 Standards --- p.6
Other Quality Standards and Awards --- p.8
Influence of ISO 9000 --- p.11
Implementation of ISO 9000 --- p.15
Chapter III. --- CASE STUDY: PART (A) JEWELLERY INDUSTRY AND ABC JEWELLERY LIMITED --- p.18
Jewellery Industry in Hong Kong --- p.18
The ABC Jewellery Limited --- p.20
Organizational Structure of ABC Jewellery Limited --- p.21
Production Department --- p.22
Stone Department --- p.24
Human Resources Department --- p.24
Quality and Technology Department --- p.25
Management Information Department --- p.26
Marketing Department --- p.26
Export Department --- p.27
Financial Situation of ABC Jewellery Limited --- p.28
Chapter IV. --- CASE STUDY: PART (B) IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO-9002 CERTIFICATE OF A MANUFACTURING COMPANY - ABC JEWELLERY LIMITED --- p.30
Quality Reform of ABC Jewellery Limited --- p.30
The MANCOM - A Reform of Management Committee --- p.32
The Implementation Plan of ISO-9000 of ABC Jewellery Limited --- p.34
Step 1： Preliminary Goals Setting and Formulation of Action Plan --- p.35
Step 2: Creation of Mission and Vision Statements --- p.37
Step 3: Formation of Quality Team --- p.37
Step 4: Education of Quality Concept --- p.38
Step 5: Preparation of Quality Manual and Work Procedures - the Business Procedures --- p.40
Step 6: Reengineering of Business System --- p.43
Step 7： Registration for ISO-9002 --- p.44
Problems faced by the Company --- p.45
Dilemma --- p.53
Chapter V. --- CASE STUDY: PART (C) LATEST SITUATION OF ABC JEWELLERY LIMITED --- p.54
Quality and Technology Department --- p.54
"""Quality In Progress"" and Other Quality Improvement Projects in the Company" --- p.55
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION OF THE CASE STUDY --- p.57
TABLES AND FIGURE --- p.59
APPENDIXES --- p.63
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.82

Objectifs: Examiner les tendances temporelles, les déterminants en lien avec le design des études et la qualité des taux de réponse rapportés dans des études cas-témoins sur le cancer publiées lors des 30 dernières années. Méthodes: Une revue des études cas-témoins sur le cancer a été menée. Les critères d'inclusion étaient la publication (i) dans l’un de 15 grands périodiques ciblés et (ii) lors de quatre périodes de publication (1984-1986, 1995, 2005 et 2013) couvrant trois décennies. 370 études ont été sélectionnées et examinées. La méthodologie en lien avec le recrutement des sujets et la collecte de données, les caractéristiques de la population, les taux de participation et les raisons de la non-participation ont été extraites de ces études. Des statistiques descriptives ont été utilisées pour résumer la qualité des taux de réponse rapportés (en fonction de la quantité d’information disponible), les tendances temporelles et les déterminants des taux de réponse; des modèles de régression linéaire ont été utilisés pour analyser les tendances temporelles et les déterminants des taux de participation. Résultats: Dans l'ensemble, les qualités des taux de réponse rapportés et des raisons de non-participation étaient très faible, particulièrement chez les témoins. La participation a diminué au cours des 30 dernières années, et cette baisse est plus marquée dans les études menées après 2000. Lorsque l'on compare les taux de réponse dans les études récentes a ceux des études menées au cours de 1971 à 1980, il y a une plus grande baisse chez les témoins sélectionnés en population générale ( -17,04%, IC 95%: -23,17%, -10,91%) que chez les cas (-5,99%, IC 95%: -11,50%, -0,48%). Les déterminants statistiquement significatifs du taux de réponse chez les cas étaient: le type de cancer examiné, la localisation géographique de la population de l'étude, et le mode de collecte des données. Le seul déterminant statistiquement significatif du taux de réponse chez les témoins hospitaliers était leur localisation géographique. Le seul déterminant statistiquement significatif du taux de participation chez les témoins sélectionnés en population générale était le type de répondant (sujet uniquement ou accompagné d’une tierce personne). Conclusion: Le taux de participation dans les études cas-témoins sur le cancer semble avoir diminué au cours des 30 dernières années et cette baisse serait plus marquée dans les études récentes. Afin d'évaluer le niveau réel de non-participation et ses déterminants, ainsi que l'impact de la non-participation sur la validité des études, il est nécessaire que les études publiées utilisent une approche normalisée pour calculer leurs taux de participation et qu’elles rapportent ceux-ci de façon transparente.
Objectives: To examine the time trends, study design determinants, and quality of reporting of response rates in published case-control studies of cancer over the past 30 years. Methods: A review was conducted of case-control studies of cancer. Inclusion criteria required publications in 15 major journals, during four publication periods spanning three decades (1984-86, 1995, 2005 and 2013). 370 studies were selected and reviewed. Information on study base ascertainment, data collection methods, population characteristics, response rates, and reasons for non-participation was extracted. Quality of response rate reporting was assessed based on the amount of information reported. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quality of the reporting, time trends and the determinants of response rates; linear regression models were used to analyse time trends and determinants of response rates. Results: Overall, the quality of reporting of response rates and reasons for non-participation was very poor, especially for control series. Participation has declined over the past 30 years, and this decline was steeper in studies conducted after 2000. When comparing the response rates in recent studies to that in studies conducted during 1971-1980, there was a greater decline of this rate in population controls (-17.04%, 95% CI: -23.17%, -10.91%) than in cases (-5.99%, 95% CI: -11.50%, -0.48%). Statistically significant determinants of response rates among cases were: cancer type examined, location of the study population, and mode of data collection. The only statistically significant determinant of response rates among medical source controls was location of the study population. The only statistically significant determinant of response rates among population controls was type of respondent (self only or self and proxy) accepted by studies. Conclusion: Response rates in case-control studies of cancer seem to have declined and this decline has accelerated in recent studies. In order to appreciate the true level of non-participation and its determinants, as well as the impact of non-participation on validity of studies, there is a need for more transparent reporting and standardized calculation of response rates in published studies.

by Li Sau-fan, Elsie.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-76).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.viii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM --- p.1
Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7
Definition of Quality --- p.7
"Selected Approaches to ""Quality""" --- p.8
W. Edwards Deming --- p.8
Philip B. Crosby --- p.12
Deming vs. Crosby: Conflict or Synthesis --- p.15
Chapter III. --- MODERN APPLICATION OF THE DELIVERY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SERVICE --- p.17
Applying Statistical Control Philosophies to Service Quality Assessment --- p.18
Background --- p.18
A Gap Orientation to Service Quality --- p.23
An Example --- p.26
Managerial Implications and Recommendations --- p.29
Selecting an Appropriate Approach to TQM Implementation --- p.30
The Organization Alignment Model --- p.32
Implementation --- p.41
Chapter IV. --- CASE STUDY --- p.43
One : Rank Xerox Hong Kong --- p.43
The Quality Planning Process --- p.44
Leadership Through Quality Programme --- p.44
Management Commitment --- p.45
A Strategic Focus on Internal and External Customers --- p.45
Problems Encountered and Remedies --- p.46
Conclusion --- p.47
Two : American Express --- p.48
The Magnitude of Quality Service in Amex --- p.48
Late 1970's: Quality Assurance Programme --- p.49
Current Approach: Teamwork Approach to American Express Quality Leadership (AEQL) --- p.50
Chapter V. --- IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM --- p.54
Five Tenets of TQM --- p.54
A Strategic Approach to Quality --- p.56
Conclusion --- p.58
APPENDIX --- p.59
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.74

Text in English, abstract in English, Shona and Xhosa
The purpose of this study was to explore the practice of quality control in the onscreen marking (OSM) environment of Biology (5008) examinations between 2013 and 2017. Examination marking is gradually being migrating from paper-based marking (PBM) to OSM in a bid to improve the efficiency and quality of marking. The Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) introduced OSM for some O Level subjects in June 2012, in a context characterised by a persistent economic crisis, patchy internet coverage, erratic power supplies and low digital literacy, among other challenges. The Council encountered some difficulties related to quality control, which triggered this qualitative instrumental single case study that was informed by the ontology, epistemology, methods and axiology of the constructivist philosophy. Data were collected through face-to-face and focus group interviews on the WhatsApp platform with 4 subject managers, 11 senior markers and 18 normal markers, and through document review. The findings of the study suggest that the quality of marking was influenced by the context in which the examinations were marked. The socio-political climate that prevailed in Zimbabwe impacted on the technological infrastructure for the OSM and the digital literacy of the examination personnel. The capacity of the examiners to work in the OSM environment was influenced by knowledge and skills transfer from training and standardisation to the live marking. The quality of marking was monitored by the seeds approach to script moderation, automatically generated reports and audit trails, and escalation of problem scripts. It was also influenced by the structure of the question papers, cognitive demands of the questions and mark schemes on the examiners, spaces provided for candidates’ responses and mark scheme features such as language and marks to marking points ratio. The assessment framework provided by the syllabus guided the design and marking of Biology examinations. From these findings, a framework that could guide the practice of quality control in the OSM environment was formulated. OSM technology could enhance the quality of marking Biology examinations, thereby eliminating challenges associated with PBM. Some of the opportunities were, however, reduced by the challenges encountered during the OSM of the examinations. It is recommended that ZIMSEC put in place policies and procedures that could guide specific quality control activities in the OSM environment and establish computer centres in the provincial capital towns. The Council could also consider benchmarking examiner recruitment, training and standardisation procedures with international examination authorities.
Tsvakurudzo ino yanga yakananga kuvandudza nharaunda yemakwenyero ebvunzo kubudikidza nemichina pachidzidzo cheBhayaroji, 5008 pakati pemakore a2013-2017. Vandudzo iyi iri kuuya zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakukwenya pamapepa zvichienda mukukwenya nemichina (on screen marking :OSM ) nechinangwa chekuda kukwenenzvera mhando yebasa rezvekukwenya . Bazi rebvunzo reZimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) rakavarura kukwenya kubudikidza nemichina (OSM) kubvunzo dzedanho reOdhinari revhuru muna Chikumi 2012 , mumamiriro anozivikanwa ematambudziko ezveupfumi, masaisai eindaneti asingavimbiki anouya zvigamba zvigamba , magetsi asingawanikwe nguva dzose, nezivo yezvemichina muvakwenyi isina kupararira pakati pezvimwe zvimhingamupini. Kanzuru yezvebvunzo yakasangana nemamwe matambudziko ane chokuita nounaku hwezvemakwenyerwe ebvunzo hwakakonzera kuti paitwe tsvakurudzo ino yezveudzamu (qualitative) muchinzvimbo chiduku chakasarudzwa (case study) yaitungamirirwa nemaziviro evacho vanoona nezvekukwenya bvunzo (interpretivist epistemology) nemaziviro okuti chokwadi chinosiyana nekusiyana kwenharaunda nokuti chigadzirwa chevarimukati mekukwenya (constructivist ontology), nekuumba mufungo kubudikidza neumboo huchabuda mutsvakurudzo (inductive theory) nenzira nezvinokosheswa nenharaunda mukuumba ruzivo (constructivist philosophy). Umboo hwetsvakurudzo hwakawanikwa kubudikidza nebvunzurudzo ine udzamu padungamunhu nemumapoka nekupindurana padare reWatsiApu nevanotungamira zvidzidzo (Subject managers ) vana , zvidza mune zvokukwenywa bvunzo gumi neumwe, nevamwewo vakwenyi gumi nevasere uye kuongorora magwaro. Mamiriro ezvemagariro nematongerwo enyika mu
Ihloso yaleli rhubhululo bekukuphenya indlela ikhwalithi elawulwa ngayo ngehlelo lokutshwaya ngekhomphyutha kwe enhlahlubo zeBhayiloji (5008) phakathi komnyaka ka-2013 no-2017. Ukutshwaywa kwe enhlahlubo kancanikancani kuyasuka ehlelweni lokutshwaya iphepha ngesandla (PBM) kuya ehlelweni lokutshwaya ngekhomphyutha (OSM) ngomzamo wokuthuthukisa umsebenzi omuhle kanye nokuletha iqophelo eliphezulu lokutshwaya. Hlangana nezinye iintjhijilo, UMkhandlu wezokuTshwaywa kwe eNhlahlubo eZimbabwe (Zimbabwe School Examinations Council) (ZIMSEC) sewungenise ihlelo le-OSM kwezinye iimfundo zesigaba sika-O Level ngenyangaka Mgwengweni 2012, ngaphasi kobujamo obumbibe zomnotho, kobujamo obumaratha be-inthanedi, obuqokeme kobokuphakelwa ngegezi kanye na ngaphasi kwezinga eliphasi lefundo ye dijithali. UMkhandlu uhlangabezene nobunye ubudisi obumalunga nanokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, okubujamo obukhwezelele isizathu sokobana kube nerhubhululo linye elisebenzako elisebenzisa indlela yerhubhululo yekulumo, kanti lokhu kwabangelwayi-ontholoji, i-ephistemoloji, iindlela zerthubhululo kanye ne-akziyoloji yefilosofi i-constructivist philosophy. Idatha ibuthelelwe ngendlela yehlolombono yokubuza umuntu ngamunye ubuso nobuso kanye nokubuza iinqhema zabantu ezinqotjhiwe kokukundla yezokucocisana, i-WhatsApp platform kanye nabaphathi beemfundo aba-4 subject managers, abatshwayi abakhulu abali-11, kanye nabatshwayi abajayelekileko abali-18, kanti lokhu kwenziwa ngokubuyekeza umtlolo. Ilwazi elifumane keerhubhululweni liphakamisa kobana izinga lekhwalithi lokutshwaya laba nomthintela wobujamo/wendawo lapho iinhlahlubo zatshwaywa khona. Ubujamo bezehlalakuhle yabantu kezepolotik iebebusezweni leZimbabwe laba nomthelela phezu komthanga lasisekelo wethekinoloji, kanti kwathinta abasebenzi behlelo le-OSM kanye nezinga lefundo yedijithali. Amandla wekghono labatshwayi lokusebenza ebhodulukweni le-OSM lalilawulwa kudluliselwa kwelwazi kanye namakghonofundwa ukusukela ekubandulweni kanye nokwenza izinto ngendlela efanako ehlelweni elibonakala ngamehlo lokutshwaya. Izinga lokutshwaya lalitjhejwe yindlela yokulinganiswa kwamaphepha atshwayiwako, ihlelo le-seeds approach to script moderation, kanti ihlelwe lingokwalo lihlanganisa imibiko begodu lilandelela ukuhlolwa, kanti goduli yakwazi nokuveza amaphepha ane miraro. Leli hlelo begodula lilawulwa sisakhiwo sephepha lemibuzo, lilwazi elifunekako ephepheni lemibuzo kanye namaskimu wamaksi phezu kwabatshwayi bamaphepha, iinkhala ezenzelwako bana abafundi baphendulele kizo kanye namaskimu wokutshwaya okunje ngelimi kanye namamaksi asesilinganiswe nisamamaksi, phecelezi-marking points ratio. Isakhiwo sokuhlola sinikelwa yisilabhasi, okungiyo eyikombandlela yedizayini kanye nokutshwaywa kwe enhlahlubo zeBhayiloji. Ngalelilwazi elitholakeleko, kukghonakele ukuthi kutlanywe isakhiwo ebesingabayi kombandlela yendlela engalandelwa ukulawula ikhwalithi ebhodulukweni ye-OSM. Ithekinoloji ye-OSM beyinga siza izinga lokumakha iinhlahlubo zeBhayiloji, ngalokho lokhu bekungaphungula iintjhijilo ezihlobene nehlelo le-PBM. Nanyana kunjalo, amanye amathuba, aphungulwazi intjhijilo ekuhlangabezenwe nazo nakutshwaywa iinhlahlubo zehlelo le-OSM. Kuye kwa tjhukunyiswa ukobana i-ZIMSEC izene mithethomgomo kanye ne enkambiso ezingabayikombandlela elayela imisebenzi ethile koyokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ebhodulukweni le-OSM kanye nokuhloma iinkhungo zekhomphyutha kumadorobhahloko we emfunda. UMkhandlu begodu ungatjheja yokubeka izinga lokuqatjhwa kwabatshwayi, lokubandulwa kanye nehlelolokwenza izinto ngendlela efanako neyamaziko we entjhabatjhaba alawula iinhlahlubo.
Science and Technology Education
D. Phil. (Education)

M.Tech. (Operations Management)
This study has demonstrated that continuous quality improvement and total quality management are the names for a philosophy of management that aims to help outcomes in both the individual and organizations of all kinds, eliminating quality waste during health care delivery service. In an effort to make a contribution to addressing the current challenges, areas of poor patient and lack of quality health care are explored in this study. Patients and healthcare professionals‟ views on Quality Management (QM) practices are also explored. Therefore, for the purposes of this dissertation, the researcher has expanded the QM definition. The poor patient care and shortage of skilled nursing practitioners‟ in nursing has indicated the need for top management commitment to measure, improve and provide high-quality health care for all its citizens. This is mainly due to lack of quality knowledge and skills, patients‟ education, and communication skills. In addition, no formalised framework exists on how quality of care in the context of nursing should occur, despite policy on quality health care being a legal requirement (National Department of Health, 2007:11). The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate quality management practices in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality public hospitals. Quality management for health care delivery in public hospitals in Gauteng Department of Health was determined and conceptualised and a framework developed on which the improvement of a quality strategy could be based. Altogether three (3) public hospitals throughout Gauteng Ekurhuleni region participated in this dissertation. A triangulation approach was adopted to collect data, analyse and answer the research questions. In this dissertation both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis were employed to analyse data derived from self-administered (open and closed) questionnaires, whilst semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the hospital unit manager (see Annexure 1 & 5).This, in turn, increased the validity of the empirical study part of this dissertation and enhanced the rigorous use of both quantitative and qualitative data.

by Sitt Wing-leung William.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).
ABSTRACT --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION
The Development of Quality --- p.1
Rise of International Quality Standard --- p.2
ISO 9000 Quality Standard --- p.3
Significance of ISO 9000 --- p.5
Maintenance Management --- p.7
Project Objective --- p.8
Chapter II. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Case Study Approach --- p.10
Settings and Timeframe --- p.10
Data Collection --- p.11
Literature Review --- p.12
Chapter III. --- MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
Company Profile --- p.13
Maintenance Department --- p.14
Repair and Maintenance --- p.16
Problems Encountered --- p.18
Improved Operating System --- p.21
Benefits of the New System --- p.28
Limitations of the New System --- p.29
Chapter IV. --- APPLICATION OF ISO 9000 QUALITY SYSTEM
14Elements Applied to Maintenance Department --- p.31
Implementation Process --- p.41
Difficulties Encountered --- p.45
Hints to Successful Implementation --- p.47
Benefits and Drawbacks --- p.50
Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION
Summary --- p.53
Recommendations for Further Study --- p.55
APPENDIX --- p.57
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63

M.B.A.
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the service quality delivery implementation, benchmarking Translux and Greyhound, using the SERVQUAL model. 4 1.3 Objectives The study has the following objectives: 1.3.1 to determine the different customer-orientated approaches; 1.3.2 to investigate insights into the concept of marketing studies that support customer orientation; 1.3.3 to ascertain how to implement a customer-orientated approach in the industry; and 1.3.4 to determine the gaps between Translux and Greyhound service delivery and customer expectations. An assumption of the study is that the adoption of a customer-orientated philosophy will mean that the company has embraced the implications of the philosophy

by Ng Mei Po Mabel.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leave 51-52).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter II. --- PROBLEM IN FOCUS --- p.3
Chapter III. --- SCOPE OF STUDY --- p.7
Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.8
Chapter V. --- ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES DEPARTMENT --- p.8
Function --- p.8
Mission --- p.8
Organisation Structure --- p.8
Personnel Schedule --- p.8
Requests for Computerisation --- p.10
Departmental IS Strategic Planning --- p.10
Microcomputer Systems and Items --- p.10
Mainframe Systems and Mid Range Systems --- p.10
Chapter VI. --- SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE --- p.12
Introduction --- p.12
Detailed Description --- p.15
What is SSADM+ in ITSD ？ --- p.22
Implementation of SSADM+ in ITSD --- p.26
Chapter VII. --- THE ROAD TO ACHIEVE IS09001 --- p.28
The Principal Concepts and Significance of IS09000 --- p.28
Why is IS09000 Recommended to be Necessary for ITSD? --- p.29
Overview of the Feasibility of Applying IS09000 in ITSD --- p.30
Recommendations --- p.35
Problems of Study --- p.38
APPENDIX --- p.39
BILIOGRAPHY --- p.51

王麗佳.
"2013年8月".
"2013 nian 8 yue".
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-310).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in Chinese and English.
Wang Lijia.

问责已经成为教育改革与研究的关键词。无论是西方还是中国，都把建立问责机制视作提高教育质量的重要举措。从教育问责的社会基础出发，国家是公共教育的主要资助者或协调者，他们通过教育视导来保证公共教育质量。但是教育视导人员在当下教育质量保障系统中发挥何种作用，其能动性与职业承诺如何，尚未有充分的研究。中国大陆的教研室作为地方教学质量保障机制，表现出双栖性的职能：教育问责和教师发展。身处其中的教研员如何诠释角色？他们与政府的关系如何，在多大程度上能致力于教师发展？身份建构理论有助于回答上述问题。故本研究以形态衍生理论为视角，选取H市教研员为个案，探讨其在教育质量保障体系中的角色、身份与能动性。
本项质性研究主要通过访谈、观察和文件收集获取资料。共计访谈教研员30名，教育行政领导3名，教师9人。研究者还参与了教研员的集体会议、听评课、教研组展示等活动，观察、记录了教研员的日常工作；并收集了教研员的工作计划，工作简报，教研室内部杂志等文献资料。在转录完所有资料后，利用Nvivo8软件进行编码、解码，建立群组、抽取概念，最终形成论文。研究发现如下：
首先，监督、管理、指导、研究是教研员角色的主要组成部分。在公共教育发展的不同阶段，他们的角色应行政之要求会进行重新排列、组合，内涵也所有发展。其中，来源于优秀教师的教学质量保障人员最先发展起来的是指导职能，因其依附在教育视导系统内部，遂产生了行政权威。1949年之后，这类人员从教育视导系统中独立出来，被称之为教研员，享有行政编制；1990年之后，教研员逐渐从行政编制中退出，教学管理职能未褪，故行政权威犹存。课改背景之下，H市教研员的“研究、“评价职能被强调。但是通过对教研员的工作节奏、角色比喻的分析，发现结构并没有为发展教研员的“教学研究能力提供支持性条件。故行政干预成为教研员角色异化的重要原因。
其次，在课程改革背景下，教研员的社会身份表现出问责导向的特征。因个人关注的介入，在个体层面，教研员的身份建构可进一步区分为四种类型。身份建构表现为结构关注的教研员，实践中以完成各类“课题研究和“项目研究为重任，并从中获得价值认可，对自我的判断是“做研究的人。身份建构表现为结构关注为主，个人关注为辅的教研员，认为最重要的工作应该是教材分析，但实践中花费其时间最多的却实命题工作。他对自己的比喻是“尴尬的“稻草人。身份建构表现为个人关注为辅，结构关注为主的教研员一方面能在实践中坚持自己对教师的指导，一方面明晰问责导向的工作逻辑，并达到两者的融洽。对自我的评价是“一个风风火火的闯将。身份建构表现为个人关注的教研员应付问责导向的工作，并花费额外的时间从事教师指导。从教师的认可中获得职业的成就感。对自我的判断是职场“菜鸟。
再次，不同学科教研员受考试、经验的影响，表现出不同程度的能动作用。高利益考试蕴含的控制性并不能直接决定教研员的能动性，但是教研员的知能水平，及其结构的支持程度，对教研员的能动性和承诺有直接的影响。教研员要致力于教师发展，需兼顾结构的需求，并从中获得个人的成长或者结构的奖励，方能形成稳定的职业承诺。
论文弥补了现有教育质量保障人员研究的不足。从结构与能动者互动的理论视角，分析教研员何以呈现如此的身份建构，对Archer的形态衍生理论做了本土的探索，对西方教育领导理论有所回应。并对教研员的定位与发展提出了政策建议。
Accountability has become the key word in educational reform and educational studies. In western countries as well as China, establishing accountability mechanisms is regarded as an important strategy for the improvement of educational quality. The state, which is the main sponsor and coordinator of public education, attempts to ensure educational quality with varying degrees of supervision. However empirical studies on the role, functions and performance of those who are in charge of supervision, agency in and commitment to quality assurance system are also nebulous. Teaching-research office, a local quality assurance mechanism for teaching and learning in Mainland China, plays a dual role in education accountability and teacher development. How do teaching-research officers elaborate their prescribed roles? What is the relationship between the government and the teaching-research officers? To what extent are they committed to teacher development? Identity construction theory is helpful to addressing the above questions. Therefore, from the perspective of morphogenesis, this study chooses teaching-research officers of H city as a case of investigation by exploring their roles, identities and agency in the educational quality assurance system.
The data of this qualitative research were collected through the adoption of three research methods. First, interviews were conducted with 30 teaching-research officers, 9 teachers and 3 educational administrators. Second, with permission, teaching-research officers’ meetings, as well as class observation and demonstration conducted by teaching-research officers were observed first hand. Third, relevant documents including official newsletters and work plans, internal journals of teaching research offices were collected. Nvivo 8 was adopted to analyze the interview transcripts, field notes of observation, and relevant documents collected for research purposes.
This study has three major findings. First, teacher-research officers played four principals roles: supervisor, administrator, director and researcher. These roles, however, varied in accordance with the governmental requirements and needs in different historical periods. Before 1949, the teaching-research officers were supervisors for educational quality. They were excellent teachers that were recruited by educational supervision institutions, and thus were given with administrative authority. Between 1949 and 1990, these teacher-supervisors were classified as professional teaching-research officers who were in charge of teaching administration and teacher development. Although they were no longer conaidned educational administrators since 1990, the teaching-research officers still maintained a certain degree of administrative authority and exercised influence in educational administration. Since the launch of the 8th curriculum reform in China at the advent of the 21st century, the role teaching-research officers as researchers have been greatly emphasized. Nevertheless, an analysis of teaching-research officers’ working rhythm and role metaphor indicates that the quality assurance system has fallen short of providing support to develop the research competence of teaching-research officers. Consequently, state intervention remains the key factor in defining the role of teaching-research officers.
Second, the social identities of teaching-research officers demonstrate accountability-oriented characteristics in the context of curriculum reform. Personal concerns enable teaching-researcher officers to construct four types of identities at the individual level. Structure-concerns lead certain officer to treat project research as top priority in their practice and allow them to obtain value recognition during research. This type of officers regards themselves as researchers. For those officers who mainly focus on structural concerns, but supplemented their work with individual concerns, analysis of teaching materials one considered the most important aspect of their work while the refinement of test construction consumes most of their times. An awkward “scarecrow is used as their role metaphor. For those officers who mainly focus on individual concerns, but supplemented their work with structural concerns, insist on guiding teacher practice on the one hand, and accept the working logic of the accountability-oriented approach, on the other. Their perpetual task is to maintain harmony between the two. A pathbreaker in haste is the role metaphor adopted. Officers who are individual-concern persons attempt to deal with accountability-oriented work, and spend extra time mentoring teachers. Career fulfillment comes from appreciation of teachers. A rookie is the role metaphor adopted.
Third, the degree of agency and commitment of teaching-research officers varied with their views on public examinations, personal experience, and structural support. It is not public examinations but personal experience that had direct an impact on the agency of the teaching-research officers. Specifically, the knowledge and ability of teaching-research officers, as well as the degree of structural support that they receive, have a direct effect on their agency and commitment. Teaching-research officers who have make a steady commitment to teacher development, have to give consideration to quality structural concerns, and in addressing these concerns, gain personal growth or structural rewards.
This study contributes to filling the void in current research that neglete to the investigation into the educational quality assurance, staff who work for. The perspective of structure-agent interaction is used to analyze how teaching-research officers construct their identities in Chinese educational reform context. It is a local exploration of Margaret Archer’s morphogenesis theory. It enriches western educational leadership theory, and provides policy suggestion on the orientation and development of teaching-research officer.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
沈伟.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 367-388).
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Shen Wei.
Chapter 第一章 --- 导论 --- p.1
Chapter 第一节 --- 研究背景 --- p.1
Chapter 一、 --- 实践背景：新的教育质量内涵需要新的质量保障机制 --- p.1
Chapter 二、 --- 理论背景：教育问责背景下的能动者 --- p.7
Chapter 第二节 --- 研究目的与问题提出 --- p.12
Chapter 一、 --- 研究目的 --- p.12
Chapter 二、 --- 研究问题 --- p.13
Chapter 第二章 --- 文献综述 --- p.15
Chapter 第一节 --- 教育质量保障概念解析 --- p.15
Chapter 一、 --- 教育质量与教育质量保障 --- p.15
Chapter 二、 --- 教育质量控制与教育质量保障 --- p.20
Chapter 三、 --- 教育问责与教育质量保障 --- p.23
Chapter 第二节 --- 教育质量保障：实践模式与存在理据 --- p.25
Chapter 一、 --- 实践模式 --- p.25
Chapter 二、 --- 教育视导的影响：基于实证研究的发现和分析 --- p.35
Chapter 三、 --- 存在理据 --- p.38
Chapter 第三节 --- 教育质量保障系统中的地方教育领导 --- p.41
Chapter 一、 --- 作为教学领导 --- p.43
Chapter 二、 --- 作为合作领导 --- p.48
Chapter 三、 --- 作为系统领导 --- p.52
Chapter 第四节 --- 中国教育质量保障中的教研员 --- p.56
Chapter 一、 --- 当代政策文本中的教研员角色 --- p.56
Chapter 二、 --- 教育理论研究中的教研员角色 --- p.59
Chapter 三、 --- 教研员对其角色的理解 --- p.60
Chapter 第五节 --- 教育变革能动者的身份与能动作用 --- p.62
Chapter 一、 --- 角色、 --- p.62
Chapter 二、 --- 身份建构的途径 --- p.66
Chapter （一） --- “自上而下的身份建构 --- p.67
Chapter （二） --- “自下而上的身份建构 --- p.68
Chapter （三） --- 融合主义的身份建构 --- p.70
Chapter （四） --- 形态衍生理论视野的身份建构 --- p.73
Chapter 第六节 --- 理论框架的提出 --- p.75
Chapter 一、 --- 身份建构的理论框架 --- p.75
Chapter 二、 --- 从形态衍生理论研究教研员身份建构的可行性 --- p.79
Chapter 第三章 --- 研究方法与研究设计 --- p.82
Chapter 第一节 --- 研究问题与分析路径 --- p.82
Chapter 一、 --- 研究问题 --- p.82
Chapter 二、 --- 分析路径 --- p.84
Chapter 第二节 --- 研究方法 --- p.86
Chapter 一、 --- 质的研究取向 --- p.86
Chapter 二、 --- 个案研究为主，历史分析为辅 --- p.87
Chapter 第三节 --- 个案研究 --- p.89
Chapter 二、 --- 资料的收集 --- p.93
Chapter 三、 --- 资料分析 --- p.100
Chapter 第四节 --- 研究可靠性与研究伦理 --- p.102
Chapter 一、 --- 研究可靠性 --- p.103
Chapter 二、 --- 研究伦理 --- p.105
Chapter 第四章 --- 教育质量保障系统中的教研员角色变迁 --- p.106
Chapter 第一节 --- 中国教育质量保障系统的发展：从晚清到现在 --- p.106
Chapter 一、 --- 晚清政府：以教育外在事项为主的质量保证体系 --- p.107
Chapter 二、 --- 民国国民政府：以教育内部事项为主的质量保证体系 --- p.109
Chapter 三、 --- 老解放区：资源匮乏情形下形成的教育质量保证应对之策 --- p.113
Chapter 四、 --- 1949年后：日趋系统化的教育质量保证体系 --- p.116
Chapter 第二节 --- 教育质量保障人员的角色变化与特征：历史的视角 --- p.119
Chapter 一、 --- 晚清政府的视学与劝学员：监督、 --- p.119
Chapter 二、 --- 民国国民政府的视学与辅导员：管理、 --- p.121
Chapter 三、 --- 老解放区的教育巡视员与辅导员：报告、 --- p.126
Chapter 四、 --- 1949年后的督导、 --- p.128
Chapter 第三节 --- 课程改革背景下H市教研员的角色发展：结构的新期待 --- p.131
Chapter 一、 --- 教研制度的正式确立及教研员的角色定位 --- p.131
Chapter 二、 --- H市教研室职能的发展 --- p.136
Chapter 三、 --- H市教研员的角色：群内分工不同 --- p.145
Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.152
Chapter 第五章 --- 教研员的社会身份建构 --- p.156
Chapter 第一节 --- 日常工作中呈现的群体共性 --- p.156
Chapter 一、 --- 以课为载体的教研活动 --- p.156
Chapter 二、 --- 由调研与视导构成的多维评估 --- p.170
Chapter 三、 --- 自上而下的课题研究与教学研究 --- p.178
Chapter 第二节 --- 与群外人员的差别 --- p.184
Chapter 一、 --- “我们眼中的他人 --- p.185
Chapter 二、 --- 他人眼中的“我们 --- p.196
Chapter 第三节 --- 从群体到个体：角色认知与事项排列 --- p.205
Chapter 一、 --- 职能排序 --- p.205
Chapter 二、 --- 工作节奏与事项排列 --- p.216
Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.221
Chapter 第六章 --- 实践：社会身份与个人身份的对话 --- p.224
Chapter 第一节 --- 结构关注：“做研究的人 --- p.224
Chapter 一、 --- 重要任务：提高区域教育质量 --- p.224
Chapter 二、 --- “最高境界与“最重要任务的冲突 --- p.228
Chapter 三、 --- 基于学科属性、 --- p.230
Chapter 四、 --- 不被理解的痛苦与研究的快乐 --- p.232
Chapter 第二节 --- 结构关注为主，个人关注为辅： --- p.236
Chapter 一、 --- 进入市教材编写队伍 --- p.236
Chapter 二、 --- 教师培养：“守正出新 --- p.238
Chapter 三、 --- 职业生命何在？ --- p.243
Chapter 四、 --- 最有压力的是考试 --- p.245
Chapter 第三节 --- 个人关注为主，结构关注为辅： --- p.248
Chapter 一、 --- 从实践教学开始 --- p.248
Chapter 二、 --- 对课程、 --- p.251
Chapter 三、 --- 教师队伍建设 --- p.255
Chapter 四、 --- 研究真问题 --- p.260
Chapter 第四节 --- 个人关注：职场“菜鸟 --- p.264
Chapter 一、 --- 从专业角度来选择 --- p.264
Chapter 二、 --- “不听课不能指导 --- p.267
Chapter 三、 --- 不找校长，不听推门课，不申请课题研究 --- p.270
Chapter 四、 --- “合格就是老师对你的认可 --- p.273
Chapter 第五节 --- 本章结语 --- p.275
Chapter 第七章 --- 承诺是否可能 --- p.280
Chapter 第一节 --- 考试影响下的学科教研工作 --- p.280
Chapter 一、 --- 考试之于语文、 --- p.281
Chapter 二、 --- 考试之于科学教研员 --- p.288
Chapter 三、 --- 考试之于音乐、 --- p.295
Chapter 四、 --- 考试之于拓展、 --- p.303
Chapter 第二节 --- “经验影响下的教研工作 --- p.310
Chapter 一、 --- 为什么选择教研员 --- p.311
Chapter 二、 --- 入职时面临的挑战及应对措施 --- p.318
Chapter 第三节 --- 承诺：从结构能动者互动的视角 --- p.327
Chapter 一、 --- 强控制下的能动作用与承诺 --- p.328
Chapter 二、 --- 弱控制下的能动作用与承诺 --- p.329
Chapter 三、 --- 能动作用的强弱：结构与个人关注的融洽度 --- p.330
Chapter 四、 --- 承诺的“源泉：结构支持或个人收获 --- p.332
Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.333
Chapter 第八章 --- 结论：教研员的角色、 --- p.338
Chapter 第一节 --- 研究结论 --- p.338
Chapter 一、 --- 研究发现 --- p.339
Chapter 二、 --- 研究结论 --- p.346
Chapter 第二节 --- 研究贡献 --- p.352
Chapter 一、 --- 理论贡献 --- p.352
Chapter 二、 --- 政策实践的启示 --- p.359
Chapter 第三节 --- 研究局限 --- p.362
Chapter 第四节 --- 后续研究建议 --- p.364
p.367
p.389