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1
Kryzhanovskiy, K. S. "THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC COMBUSTION CONTROL IN GAS-BURNING PLANTS BY CORRECTIVE PARAMETER." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2018.08.
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The wide application of gaseous fuels in technology and energy, its high cost, pose the task of improving the quality of its use. The task of automation of technological processes of thermal units heated by natural gas is to increase the safety of operation and the efficiency of their operation. This problem is especially acute in conditions of continuous operation of thermal units, when the state of the environment varies from day to day and from summer to winter. The temperature of the air for combustion, its humidity, the heat of combustion of the gas and the atmospheric pressure fluctuate particularly sharply. In these conditions, when putting into operation the heat unit, it is necessary to set such tinctures that, in the event of unfavorable external conditions, there always was enough oxygen to completelyburn the gas. This can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the automatic control system of the ratio of the combustion components and the temperature parameters of the unit, according to the optimal regime for each particular technological process. To achieve this goal, we used the results of research into the chemical processes of interaction of combustion products using means for measuring the electrical parameters of a flame based on physical methods of ionization control of the combustion process. The established features and obtained results made it possible to develop a device for monitoring the ionization properties of the combustion process, on their basis, automatic control systems of burners for industrial heat x aggregates. Bibl. 7, Fig. 3.
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Malkina, I. V. "AUTOMATION OF QUALITY CONTROL OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF PARTS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 3 (2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-3-34-41.
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The aim of the work is to develop an automated system for controlling geometric parameters of machine parts during their production using the methods of active control. To achieve this goal, the paper presents an analysis of the manufacturing process and quality control of parts produced at the machine-building industry enterprise "Stangydromash" LLC (Samara). The analysis of measuring methods of part geometry, accuracy of manufacturing surfaces of the spindle of 16Б16P lathe (SAMAT) is carried out. A justification for selecting an optical sensor for the control system of geometric parameters of a part is made. The interface scheme of the sensor with the information processing unit and with the system controller is considered. A technique of measurement fulfillment is developed, a precise analysis of the system is made.
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Heizmann, Michael, Alexander Braun, Markus Hüttel, Christina Klüver, Erik Marquardt, Michael Overdick, and Markus Ulrich. "Artificial intelligence with neural networks in optical measurement and inspection systems." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0006.
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AbstractOptical measuring and inspection systems play an important role in automation as they allow a comprehensive and non-contact quality assessment of products and processes. In this field, too, systems are increasingly being used that apply artificial intelligence and machine learning, mostly by means of artificial neural networks. Results achieved with this approach are often very promising and require less development effort. However, the supplementation and replacement of classical image processing methods by machine learning methods is not unproblematic, especially in applications with high safety or quality requirements, since the latter have characteristics that differ considerably from classical image processing methods. In this paper, essential aspects and trends of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the application in optical measurement and inspection systems are presented and discussed.
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Аверченков, Владимир, Vladimir Averchenkov, Александр Самсоненко, and Aleksandr Samsonenko. "AUTOMATION OF OPTIC INSPECTION CONTROL AT QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF PRINTED CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY SOLDERING." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20271.
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The development of methods of designing and assembling electronic units on circuit boards with the use of surface assembling techniques (SAT) became one of the priority fields. The product optic control is the most common method of control carried out by specialized equipment, an automated optic inspection (AOI). On the basis of the fulfilled analysis of technical solutions on the organization of inspections of different manufacturers and according to the test results in practice of some variants there was offered a circuit including the following equipment layout: a set of chambers, a system of linear displacement, a controller, a computer and software.
The optical inspection software can be divided into the software of management and the software of control. The former serves for the computation of a control signal, the comparison of coordinates of equipment (with physical (F), imported (C) and in-spected (P)) interpretation of coordinates, interpolation and so on. The software of control contains modules: of data import from Gerberfile, the identification of board images obtained from the chamber, of the com-putation and comparison of identified components with a standard, of the analysis defects and the definition of a defect type, of database (DB) filling, of the interaction with a user.
The system described in comparison with foreign analogues has a smaller set of options, but solves a problem of control under conditions of enterprises manufacturing electronics of the second class (according to IPCA-610 Standard “Criteria for Electronic Assemblage Acceptance).
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Kuchirka, Yu, and E. Volodarsky. "Cement Quality Control By Using Modern Radiation Methods Of Chemical Analysis In The Process Of Its Production." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis Vol. 14, No.1 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2019.15-20.
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An essential part of modern quality management system in cement production is state-of-the-art radiation measurement technologies based on methods of neutron activation, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction chemical analysis of substance. The high speed and accuracy of measuring the characteristics of raw materials and finished products can be achieved by their complex application, thereby ensuring an improving in the level of automation of cement production and the quality of cement in general. The main stages of the portlandcement production process by dry method are considered, including the keypoints of quality control of their implementation by applying mentioned radiation methods of chemical analysis of raw materials and completed product. The metrological problems of their practical implementation in continuous cement production are analyzed, in particular problems of uncertainty assessment, static and dynamic calibration and increase of accuracy of measuring systems that implement neutron activation analysis methods. Shown the directions of their improvement by the use of alternative neutron sources, methods of Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code for neutron activation analysis physical processes simulation and machine learning for the efficient processing of spectral characteristics of investigated substances.
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Riedl, M., R. Danzl, T. Lankmair, and F. Millonig. "HIGH-RESOLUTION SURFACE TEXTURE MEASUREMENTS USING A COLLABORATIVE PICK-AND-PLACE ROBOT." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 5175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_11_2021177.
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The ongoing trend of robotics, automation, quality control and its combination are leading to new possibilities in the field of metrology. The improvements, especially in the handling and accuracy of collaborative robotics, are enabling new applications for automated high-resolution optical 3D measurements. This is the basis for the implementation of a pick-and-place solution for automatic surface texture measurements by replacing a high precision x-y stage with a collaborative robot. In this paper two different Focus-Variation setups are compared to evaluate the uncertainty using a certified standard and a real sample.
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Panishchev, V. S., M. I. Trufanov, O. G. Dobroserdov, and O. O. Khomyakov. "Recognition of character information for automation of production processes." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 25, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2021-25-1-122-137.
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Purpose of research. Nowadays optical character recognition systems have a high level of dependence on the specific type of marking that is to be recognized, and therefore, the creation of a universal solution is an important and difficult task. The paper considers the issue of creating a system for recognizing symbolic information that can be used at various stages of production to automate processes in control systems, in particular, to analyze the labeling of circuit breakers.Methods. Binarization, filtering, and boundary detection are digital image processing techniques. Line search method, baseline search method, word splitting algorithms, image enhancement methods by segmentation, damaged characters recognition method, an algorithm for increasing the final recognition quality are character recognition methods.Results. The analysis of algorithms used for preprocessing and subsequent recognition of images containing marking of circuit breakers is carried out. The mathematical model of image processing for subsequent recognition has been created. We have described methods used to define marking symbols. Illustrative examples of the operation of the algorithms on which the system is built are given. The obtained solution was tested. The ways of system development are described here, they can lead to improved results, for particular use cases.Conclusion. It is proposed a solution that recognizes symbolic information on the labeling of circuit breakers, which can be the basis for the development and description of systems serving for the automation of production, by transferring information read from the product during the production process. This system, by its example, describes the components of character recognition systems, and for direct use, it needs to be refined in accordance with the technical requirements and the specifics of the conditions in which it will be used.
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Gierowski, Jakub, and Sandra Pawłowska. "Surface quality control of thin SiN layer by optical measurements." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i3.1096.
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Fiber optic interferometers have a wide range of applications including biological and chemical measurements. Nevertheless, in case of a reflective interferometer setup, standard silver mirrors cannot be used in every measurement, due to their chemical activity. In this work, we investigate the surface quality of a thin optical layer of silicon nitride (SiN) which can serve as an alternative material for silver mirrors. We present measurements carried out with a Fabry-Perot fiber optic interferometer working in a reflective mode. Measurement results allow us to determine the surface quality of the investigated layer. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Karpienko, M.S. Wróbel, M. Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, "Determination of refractive index dispersion using fiber-optic low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometer: implementation and validation", Opt Express, 53, 077103 (2014). CrossRef Jedrzejewska-Szczerska M., Gnyba M., Kosmowski B. B. "Low-coherence fibre-optic interferometric sensors", Acta Phys. Pol. A 120, 621 (2011). CrossRef M. Jedrzejewska-Szczerska "Response of a new low-coherence Fabry-Perot sensor to hematocrit levels in human blood",Sensors 14(4), 6965 (2014). CrossRef M. Kosowska, D. Majchrowicz, K.J. Sankaran, M. Ficek, K. Haenen, M. Szczerska, "Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films as Reflective Layers for Fiber-Optic Sensors of Refractive Index of Liquids", Materials 12, 2124 (2019). CrossRef Shou-YiChang, Yi-Chung Huang, "Analyses of interface adhesion between porous SiO2 low-k film and SiC/SiN layers by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests", Microelectron. Eng. 84(2), 319 (2007). CrossRef X. Wang, C. Wang, X. Shen, F. Sun, "Potential Material for Fabricating Optical Mirrors: Polished Diamond Coated Silicon Carbide". Appl. Opt. 56, 4113 (2017). CrossRef G. Coppola, P. Ferraro, M. Iodice, S. De Nicola, "Method for measuring the refractive index and the thickness of transparent plates with a lateral-shear, wavelength-scanning interferometer", Appl. Opt. 42, 3882 (2003). CrossRef H. Mäckel, R. Lüdemann, "Detailed study of the composition of hydrogenated SiNx layers for high-quality silicon surface passivation", J. Appl, Phys. 92, 2602 (2002). CrossRef N. Atman, M. Krzywinski, "Visualizing samples with box plots", Nat. Methods, 11(2), 119 (2014). CrossRef M. Vignesh, R. Balaji, "Data analysis using Box and Whisker Plot for Lung Cancer", International Conference on Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies,(2017). CrossRef
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Musaev, F. B., S. L. Beletskiy, and N. N. Potrakhov. "Development of computer program for automatic X-ray analysis of quality of vegetable seeds." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 160 (November 9, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2021-3-160-86-95.
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Traditional morphometric methods of seed quality analysis, although they are accurate, are less informative, labor-intensive and long-term in execution. In modern conditions, in seed science and seed control, the use of more informative and high-speed instrumental methods is required. The method of microfocus X-ray of seeds is one of them, it allows you to visualize the internal structure of seeds. In the joint work of employees of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Agrophysical Research Institute and St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, Research Institute for Storage Problems of "Rosrezerv", a method of X-ray analysis of the quality of vegetable seeds was developed and tested. Currently, programming, automation of this method is underway. The method of digital analysis of X-ray images in automatic mode comes as a replacement for the previously applied visual analysis of seed radiographs. A modernized software and hardware complex was developed and tested, a program algorithm was compiled, consisting of several stages. As a result, the quality analysis of seeds is significantly accelerated by visualizing their internal structure. The newly developed computer program "Sortsemkontrol-2" recognizes seeds according to the following qualitative indicators: full-value, underdevelopment, undevelopment, monstrous. The analysis results are automatically reported as a log. The fractional analysis of the seed batch is also carried out, the dimensional characteristic of each fraction is given, according to the two largest adjacent fractions, the equalization of the seed batch is determined. Fractional analysis of a batch of seeds is of great practical importance for pre-production of seeds. In the future, the application of the computer program "Sortsemkontrol-2" will provide an accelerated, at the same time informative analysis of the quality of seeds, which is very important in the conditions of commercialization of seed turnover.
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Kandpal, Lalit Mohan, Jayoung Lee, Hyungjin Bae, Moon S. Kim, Insuck Baek, and Byoung-Kwan Cho. "Near-Infrared Transmittance Spectral Imaging for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Disorder in Korean Ginseng." Sensors 20, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010273.
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The grading of ginseng (Panax ginseng) including the evaluation of internal quality attributes is essential in the ginseng industry for quality control. Assessment for inner whitening, a major internal disorder, must be conducted when identifying high quality ginseng. Conventional methods for detecting inner whitening in ginseng root samples use manual inspection, which is time-consuming and inaccurate. This study develops an internal quality measurement technique using near-infrared transmittance spectral imaging to evaluate inner whitening in ginseng samples. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used on ginseng hypercube data to evaluate the developed technique. The transmittance spectra and spectral images of ginseng samples exhibiting inner whitening showed weak intensity characteristics compared to normal ginseng in the region of 900–1050 nm and 1150–1400 nm respectively, owing to the presence of whitish internal tissues that have higher optical density. On the basis of the multivariate analysis method, even a simple waveband ratio image has the great potential to quickly detect inner whitening in ginseng samples, since these ratio images show a significant difference between whitened and non-whitened regions. Therefore, it is possible to develop an efficient and rapid spectral imaging system for the real-time detection of inner whitening in ginseng using minimal spectral wavebands. This novel strategy for the rapid, cost-effective, non-destructive detection of ginseng’s inner quality can be a key component for the automation of ginseng grading.
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Noskov, M. F. "Seam welds quality control improvement using method of pseudo-color coding images." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/2/022058.
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Abstract The method of seam welds quality control using X-ray is considered. The X-ray methods of control are based on the capability of gamma radiation to penetrate through a metal including welded areas. Regions having defects - pores, faulty welds, cracks, scale inclusions - look darker on images. Appearance, linear dimensions and depths of the defects usually are determined by a visual examination comparing the X-ray image with standard defects images. It is known that a human eye can distinguish not more than 12-15 shades on a black and white image but more than a hundred on a colored image. The paper considers possibilities of the developed method by the author and based on the optical mixing of two or three complementary colors - red, blue and green. The method can use only one pair of the colors at a time, i.e. it is possible to have three various pairs for a pseudo-color image. The obtained pseudo-color image has the same informational capacity as the original black and white image. But the greater fraction of the saved information becomes available for visual examination of the X-ray image. In the end the efficiency of the seam weld quality control increases.
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Moghaddam, Elaheh, Amir Ali Youzbashi, and Asghar Kazemzadeh. "Investigation of Ultrasonic Effect on Morphology, Optical and Growth Properties of ZnO Quantum Dots." Journal of Nano Research 49 (September 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.49.10.
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Recent advances in nanomaterials have been led by new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology and crystal quality of materials. The present study is tried to discuss the effect of ultrasonic waves on characteristics of ZnO quantum dots by study of UV absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy and growth stages of two samples prepared by sonochemical and conventional methods. The results demonstrated that the quantum dots synthesized under ultrasonic waves were of smaller size with more narrow size distribution. Also, improvement of their crystal quality was inferred from investigation of visible emission intensity. The use of ultrasonic waves caused the phase purity of nanocrystals obtained by complete conversion of precursors into ZnO. Further, the study of their growth stages indicated that the rapid nucleation and nucleation growth were followed by Ostwald ripening process which improve the crystal properties. The better crystal quality of ultrasonic prepared ZnO indicated the enhancement of its applicability to be used for optoelectronic applications.
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Chen, Lun-Chi, Mayuresh Sunil Pardeshi, Win-Tsung Lo, Ruey-Kai Sheu, Kai-Chih Pai, Chia-Yu Chen, Pei-Yu Tsai, and Yueh-Tiann Tsai. "Edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning." Wood Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 477–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01316-3.
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AbstractThe wood-based furniture manufacturing industries prioritize quality of production to meet higher market demands. Identifying various types of edge-glued wooden panel defects are a challenge for a human worker or a camera. Several studies have shown that the detection of edge-glued defects with low, high, normal, overlong, short is identified but detection of residue and bluntness is highly challenging. Thus, the present model identifies defects of low, high, normal, overlong, short by computer vision and/or deep learning, whereas defects of residue and bluntness by deep learning based decide by pass for having better performance. The goal of this paper is to provide an improved defect detection solution for wood-based furniture manufacturing industries by process automation. Therefore, a system was designed that takes defect input images from a camera as raw image and laser-aligned image for defect detection of the edge-glued wooden panel. The process automation then performs computer vision-based image features extraction with deep learning for defect detection. The aim of this paper is to solve edge-glued defect detection problems by using design and implementation of edge-glued wooden defect detection, that can be stated as edge-glued wooden panel defect detection using deep learning (WDD-DL) for process automation by artificial intelligence and Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) consolidation. Possibly there exist several types of defects on the edges while edge-banding on the wooden panel in furniture manufacturing. Therefore, the scope is to achieve higher accuracy by raw image and laser-aligned image feature extraction using deep learning algorithms for final result defect classification in WDD-DL by AOI. The WDD-DL system uses Gabor, Harris corner, morphology, structured light detection and curvature calculation for pre-processing and InceptionResnetV2 Convolutional Neural Network algorithm to attain the best results. The applications of this work can be found in quality control of the furniture manufacturing industry for an edge, corner, joint defect detection of the wooden panels. The WDD-DL achieves best results as the precision, recall and F1 score are 0.97, 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The experiments demonstrate higher accuracy achievement as compared to other methods with overkill and escape rate analysis. Ultimately, the discussion section provides an interesting experience sharing about the necessary factors for implementing the WDD-DL in real-time industrial operations.
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Bukieda, Paulina, Katharina Lohr, Jens Meiberg, and Bernhard Weller. "Study on the optical quality and strength of glass edges after the grinding and polishing process." Glass Structures & Engineering 5, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40940-020-00121-x.
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Abstract Glass edges result from cutting glass sheets and a further optional finishing. The mechanical interference into the brittle material glass causes flaws and cracks at the edge surface. Those defects have an influence on the strength of the whole glazing. Within the scope of a research project at the Institute of Building Construction from the Technische Universität Dresden, the grinding and polishing process is examined in terms of characteristic visible effects on the glass edge and the edge strength. Thereby a special focus of the research project is the impact of various polishing cup wheels for the chamfer surface of annealed glass. The article presents some basics about the processing steps of glass edges surfaces, introduces the considered grinding and polishing cup wheels and gives an overview of the performed experimental examinations. A microscopic analysis enables a characterisation of typical defects at the surfaces. Furthermore, four-point bending tests are performed to determine the bending tensile stresses at failure. The combination of both methods enables an analysis of the fracture-causing defect before destruction and a correlation between the optical surface quality and the bending tensile stresses. Additionally, the microscopy could be used to support the adjustment of a grinding machine and control reproducible edge qualities. The evaluation shows that a special development of polishing cup wheels for the chamfer can improve the surface quality and consequently increases the edge strength.
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Yao, Min, Dongyue Wang, and Min Zhao. "Element Analysis Based on Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290593.
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Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is a nondestructive, rapid, multielement, highly accurate, and environment friendly analysis compared with other elemental detection methods. Thus, EDXRF spectrometry is applicable for production quality control, ecological environment monitoring, geological surveying, food inspection, and heritage analysis, among others. A hardware platform for the EDXRF spectrometer is designed in this study based on the theoretical analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray. The platform includes a power supply subsystem, an optical subsystem, a control subsystem, and a personal computer. A fluorescence spectrum analytical method is then developed to obtain the category and content of elements in a sample. This method includes qualitative and quantitative analyses. Finally, a series of experiments is performed. Results show that the precision of the proposed measurement method is below 8%, whereas its repeatability is below 2%.
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Mitsa, Alexander, Petr Stetsyuk, Alexander Levchuk, Vasily Petsko, and Igor Povkhan. "ON THE ACCELERATION OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR THE PROBLEM OF SYNTHESIS OF MULTILAYER OPTICAL COATINGS." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 6 (November 1, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-6-2.
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Five ways to speed up the multidimensional search in order to solve the problem of synthesis of multilayer optical coatings by using the methods of zero and first orders have been considered. The first way is to use an analytical derivative for the target quality function of the multilayer coating. It allows us to calculate accurately (within the computer arithmetic) the value of the gradient of a smooth objective function and generalized gradient of a non-smooth objective one. The first way requires the same number of arithmetic operations as well as finite-difference methods of calculating the gradient and the generalized gradient. The second way is to use a speedy finding of the objective function gradient using the prefix- and suffix-arrays in the analytical method of calculating the gradient. This technique allows us to reduce the number of arithmetic operations thrice for large-scale problems. The third way is the use of tabulating the values of trigonometric functions to calculate the characteristic matrices. This technique reduces the execution time of multiplication operations of characteristic matrices ten times depending on the computer’s specifications. For some computer architectures, this advantage is more than 140 times. The fourth method is the use of the golden section method for the one-dimensional optimization in the problems of synthesis of optical coatings. In particular, when solving one partial problem it is shown that the ternary search method requires approximately 40% more time than the golden section method. The fifth way is to use the effective implementation of multiplication of two matrices. It lies in changing the order of the second and third cycles for the well-known method of multiplying two matrices and fixing in a common variable value of the element of the first matrix. This allows us to speed up significantly the multiplication operation of two matrices. For matrices having 1000 x 1000 dimension the acceleration is from 2 to 15 times, depending on the computer's specifications.
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Belyakov, Mikhail V., Marina G. Kulikova, Olga D. Anodina, and Ekaterina I. Rysina. "Determination of informative spectral ranges for the development of a transformer oil control system using deep learning neural networks." Journal Of Applied Informatics 17, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-2-20-30.
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Optical spectral methods in the ultraviolet and visible regions can be used to develop transformer oil control technologies based on deep learning neural network models. The aim of the research is to identify informative spectral ranges of luminescent diagnostics for the automation system for monitoring the characteristics and parameters of transformer oil using deep learning neural networks. Measurements of the spectral characteristics of pure and spent transformer oil in the range of 180-700 nm were carried out on a diffraction spectrofluorimeter "Fluorat-02-Panorama". A qualitative and quantitative difference in the excitation spectra has been established: for waste oil, the spectra are shifted to the right and reduced by about four times to the maximum. The excitation maxima are located at wavelengths of 300, 322, 370 nm for pure and 388, 416 and 486 nm for waste oil. The photoluminescence spectra of pure oil at 300 nm excitation are a superposition of at least three curves, the largest of which has a maximum at 382 nm. For excitation of 370 nm, the spectrum is significantly wider and has maxima at wavelengths of 387, 405, 433-439 and 475-479 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of used oil are several times lower and have maxima at 446, 483 and 520-540 nm. The established excitation and luminescence ranges will be used when creating a methodology and installing quality control parameters of transformer oil during its operation. A deep learning neural network model based on the use of a self-organizing Kohonen map was also developed, which made it possible to predict the spectral characteristics of excitation based on the photoluminescence flow of transformer oil and, as a result, to determine the efficiency of the described method in industry through a decision-making system.
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Topan, Hüseyin, Ali Cam, Mustafa Özendi, Murat Oruç, Karsten Jacobsen, and Talha Taşkanat. "PLÉIADES PROJECT: ASSESSMENT OF GEOREFERENCING ACCURACY, IMAGE QUALITY, PANSHARPENING PERFORMENCE AND DSM/DTM QUALITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-503-2016.
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Pléiades 1A and 1B are twin optical satellites of Optical and Radar Federated Earth Observation (ORFEO) program jointly running by France and Italy. They are the first satellites of Europe with sub-meter resolution. Airbus DS (formerly Astrium Geo) runs a MyGIC (formerly Pléiades Users Group) program to validate Pléiades images worldwide for various application purposes. The authors conduct three projects, one is within this program, the second is supported by BEU Scientific Research Project Program, and the third is supported by TÜBİTAK. Assessment of georeferencing accuracy, image quality, pansharpening performance and Digital Surface Model/Digital Terrain Model (DSM/DTM) quality subjects are investigated in these projects. For these purposes, triplet panchromatic (50 cm Ground Sampling Distance (GSD)) and VNIR (2 m GSD) Pléiades 1A images were investigated over Zonguldak test site (Turkey) which is urbanised, mountainous and covered by dense forest. <br><br> The georeferencing accuracy was estimated with a standard deviation in X and Y (SX, SY) in the range of 0.45m by bias corrected Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) orientation, using ~170 Ground Control Points (GCPs). 3D standard deviation of ±0.44m in X, ±0.51m in Y, and ±1.82m in Z directions have been reached in spite of the very narrow angle of convergence by bias corrected RPC orientation. The image quality was also investigated with respect to effective resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and blur coefficient. The effective resolution was estimated with factor slightly below 1.0, meaning that the image quality corresponds to the nominal resolution of 50cm. The blur coefficients were achieved between 0.39-0.46 for triplet panchromatic images, indicating a satisfying image quality. SNR is in the range of other comparable space borne images which may be caused by de-noising of Pléiades images. The pansharpened images were generated by various methods, and are validated by most common statistical metrics and also visual interpretation. The generated DSM and DTM were achieved with ±1.6m standard deviation in Z (SZ) in relation to a reference DTM.
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Topan, Hüseyin, Ali Cam, Mustafa Özendi, Murat Oruç, Karsten Jacobsen, and Talha Taşkanat. "PLÉIADES PROJECT: ASSESSMENT OF GEOREFERENCING ACCURACY, IMAGE QUALITY, PANSHARPENING PERFORMENCE AND DSM/DTM QUALITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-503-2016.
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Pléiades 1A and 1B are twin optical satellites of Optical and Radar Federated Earth Observation (ORFEO) program jointly running by France and Italy. They are the first satellites of Europe with sub-meter resolution. Airbus DS (formerly Astrium Geo) runs a MyGIC (formerly Pléiades Users Group) program to validate Pléiades images worldwide for various application purposes. The authors conduct three projects, one is within this program, the second is supported by BEU Scientific Research Project Program, and the third is supported by TÜBİTAK. Assessment of georeferencing accuracy, image quality, pansharpening performance and Digital Surface Model/Digital Terrain Model (DSM/DTM) quality subjects are investigated in these projects. For these purposes, triplet panchromatic (50 cm Ground Sampling Distance (GSD)) and VNIR (2 m GSD) Pléiades 1A images were investigated over Zonguldak test site (Turkey) which is urbanised, mountainous and covered by dense forest. <br><br> The georeferencing accuracy was estimated with a standard deviation in X and Y (SX, SY) in the range of 0.45m by bias corrected Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) orientation, using ~170 Ground Control Points (GCPs). 3D standard deviation of ±0.44m in X, ±0.51m in Y, and ±1.82m in Z directions have been reached in spite of the very narrow angle of convergence by bias corrected RPC orientation. The image quality was also investigated with respect to effective resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and blur coefficient. The effective resolution was estimated with factor slightly below 1.0, meaning that the image quality corresponds to the nominal resolution of 50cm. The blur coefficients were achieved between 0.39-0.46 for triplet panchromatic images, indicating a satisfying image quality. SNR is in the range of other comparable space borne images which may be caused by de-noising of Pléiades images. The pansharpened images were generated by various methods, and are validated by most common statistical metrics and also visual interpretation. The generated DSM and DTM were achieved with ±1.6m standard deviation in Z (SZ) in relation to a reference DTM.
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Alkahtania, Saad A., Ashraf M. Mahmoud, and Samer S. Abu Al-Rubb. "Novel Analytical Study For The Charge-Transfer Reactions Of Omeprazole With 2,3-Dichloro-Naphthoquinone And 2,3,5,6-Tetrabromo- 1,4-Benzoquinone: Application For The Development Of Microwell Assay Of Omeprazole." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 6099–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v15i1.7003.
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Novel analytical study was performed in order to develop and validate new high-throughput microwell-based spectrophotometric assays for determination of omeprazole (OMZ) in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed assays were based on the charge-transfer (CT) reaction of OMZ with 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone (DCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzo-quinone (BROM). In the present study, the CT reactions was carried out in microwell plates as reaction vessels in order to increase the automation of the assays and the efficiency of its use in quality control laboratories (QCLs). All factors affecting the CT reactions were carefully studied, and the conditions were optimized. Kinetics and stoichiometry of the CT reactions were investigated, and the mechanism was postulated. Activation energy of the CT reactions was determined and found to be 13.87 and 16.27 Kcal mol−1 for the reaction of OMZ with DCNQ and BROM, respectively. The initial rate and fixed time methods were applied for generating the calibration graphs for determination of OMZ concentrations. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was 0.145 – 1.45 x 10-4 and 1.45 – 7.25 x 10-4 M with LOD of 0.6 and 6.0 microgram ml-1 for DCNQ and BROM, respectively. Analytical performance of the proposed methods, in terms of accuracy and precision, was statistically validated and the results were satisfactory; RSD was <2.8% for both repeatability and reproducibility. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of OMZ in its dosage forms and the recovery results (98.64 – 100.6 ± 0.25 -2.74 %) were comparable with those of the reported method. The developed method may provide a safer and economic tool for the analysis of OMZ in QCLs.
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Ashworth, S., JPA Fairclough, M. Monoranu, H. Ghadbeigi, J. Meredith, Y. Takikawa, and K. Kerrigan. "Epifluorescent microscopy of edge-trimmed carbon fibre-reinforced polymers: An alternative to computed tomography scanning." Advanced Composites Letters 29 (January 1, 2020): 2633366X2092467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x20924676.
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X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) can be used to detect edge-milled carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) defects. Significantly this method is able to show subsurface defects that cannot be captured by traditional methods such as stylus-based or more novel areal methods of surface quality measurement. While useful, this method can be prohibitive due to high equipment cost, scanning time and image resolution. XCT can often produce artefacts which falsely predict damage or obscure damage and depending on machine X-ray power often cannot resolve damage to fibre diameter which is critical when observing milled quality of the surface/subsurface. This study utilises epifluorescent (EF) optical microscopy to provide high-quality optical images as an alternative to XCT to observe through-depth damage of CFRP materials. The method of computing the novel damage criteria is presented, as well as the validation of the method which compares EF to XCT. Subsurface damage of fabric and unidirectional (UD) materials in 0°, 45°, 90° and −45° orientations to the cutting edge is observed to demonstrate typical defects. A novel metric resulting from the EF method provides a total area of damage when compared to a theoretically straight cut across the face of the edge-milled CFRP. The method shows that different subsurface damage exists for different fibre orientations to the cutting edge, highlighting the clear need for through-depth analysis of machined edges. In addition, the method is shown to be a suitable alternative to XCT with scope for further development of industrial aerospace and automotive quality control of machined CFRP parts.
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Borges, Camila S., David C. Weindorf, Geila S. Carvalho, Luiz R. G. Guilherme, Thalita Takayama, Nilton Curi, Geraldo J. E. O. Lima, and Bruno T. Ribeiro. "Foliar Elemental Analysis of Brazilian Crops via Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092509.
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Foliar analysis is very important for the nutritional management of crops and as a supplemental parameter for soil fertilizer recommendation. The elemental composition of plants is traditionally obtained by laboratory-based methods after acid digestion of ground and sieved leaf samples. This analysis is time-consuming and generates toxic waste. By comparison, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry is a promising technology for rapid characterization of plants, eliminating such constraints. This worked aimed to assess the pXRF performance for elemental quantification of leaf samples from important Brazilian crops. For that, 614 samples from 28 plant species were collected across different regions of Brazil. Ground and sieved samples were analyzed after acid digestion (AD), followed by quantification via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine the concentration of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu). The same plant nutrients were directly analyzed on ground leaf samples via pXRF. Four certified reference materials (CRMs) for plants were used for quality assurance control. Except for Mg, a very strong correlation was observed between pXRF and AD for all plant-nutrients and crops. The relationship between methods was nutrient- and crop-dependent. In particular, eucalyptus displayed optimal correlations for all elements, except for Mg. Opposite to eucalyptus, sugarcane showed the worst correlations for all the evaluated elements, except for S, which had a very strong correlation coefficient. Results demonstrate that for many crops, pXRF can reasonably quantify the concentration of macro- and micronutrients on ground and sieved leaf samples. Undoubtedly, this will contribute to enhance crop management strategies concomitant with increasing food quality and food security.
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Liu, Guangfeng, Yiwen Li, Hongjin Wu, Xibo Wu, Xianhui Xu, Weihua Wang, Rongguang Zhang, and Na Li. "Upgraded SSRF BL19U2 beamline for small-angle X-ray scattering of biological macromolecules in solution." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 6 (November 9, 2018): 1633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671801316x.
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The biological small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) beamline (BL19U2) at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, China, is dedicated exclusively to small-angle scattering experiments for biological macromolecules in solution. With recent advances in data-analysis algorithms and X-ray detectors, SAXS becomes an ideal complementary technique to other structural and biophysical methods, but it can also be applied alone to obtain important structural information. Owing to the increasing interest in solution scattering studies from the biological community, the workload on BL19U2 has steadily risen. A major upgrade of BL19U2 was performed to improve the beamline data quality, to enrich the possible sample environments and to provide a user-friendly interface. These upgrades involved the major components of BL19U2, including the optical system (slits, beamstop), the electronics, the control and acquisition software, and the sample environments, which resulted in improvements to the collected angular range in BL19U2. These upgrades have significantly broadened the scope of macromolecule size (from kilodaltons to gigadaltons) analysed at the beamline. The dedicated BL19U2 BioSAXS beamline now offers fully automated data-collection and remote-control possibilities. These developments have paved the way for high-throughput studies that generate significant quantities of structure information over a short period of time.
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Ivanova, Tatiana K., Irina P. Kremenetskaya, Andrey I. Novikov, Valentin G. Semenov, Anatoly G. Nikolaev, and Marina V. Slukovskaya. "In Situ Control of Thermal Activation Conditions by Color for Serpentines with a High Iron Content." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 6731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216731.
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Serpentine heat treatment at temperatures of 650–750 °C yields magnesium–silicate reagent with high chemical activity. Precise and express control of roasting conditions in laboratory kilns and industrial aggregates is needed to derive thermally activated serpentines on a large scale. Color change in serpentines with a high iron content during roasting might be used to indicate the changes in chemical activity in the technological process. This study gives a scientific basis for the express control of roasting of such serpentines by comparing the colors of the obtained material and the reference sample. Serpentines with different chemical activity were studied by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. The color parameters were determined using RGB (red, green, blue), CIELAB (International Commission on Illumination 1976 L*a*b), and HSB (hue, brightness, saturation) color models. The color of heat-treated samples was found to be affected by changes in the crystallochemical characteristics of iron included in the structure of the serpentine minerals. The color characteristics given by the CIELAB model were in good coherence with the acid-neutralizing ability and optical spectra of heat-treated serpentines. Thus, in contrast to the long-term analysis by these methods, the control by color palette provides an express assessment of the quality of the resulting product.
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Orlic, Jovana, Mira Anicic-Urosevic, Konstantin Vergel, Inga Zinicovscaia, Sanja Stojadinovic, Ivan Grzetic, and Konstantin Ilijevic. "Comparison of non-destructive techniques and conventionally used spectrometric techniques for determination of elements in plant samples (coniferous leaves)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 87, no. 1 (2022): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc210921101o.
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Conventionally used spectrometric techniques of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS) usually involve time-consuming sample preparation procedure of a sample dissolution which requires the usage of aggressive and toxic chemicals. The need for suitable and sustainable analytical methods for direct multi-elemental analysis of plant samples has been increased in recent years. Spectrometric techniques for direct sample analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been applied in environmental studies and various fields of screening tests. Nevertheless, these techniques are not commonly used for plant sample analysis and their performances need to be evaluated. This research aimed to assess how reliable non-destructive techniques are in the determination of elements in plants compared to conventionally used spectrometric techniques. A total of 49 plant samples of four conifer species (Pinus nigra, Abies alba, Taxus baccata and Larix decidua) were measured using two conventionally applied (ICP-MS, ICP-OES) and two non-destructive techniques (wavelength dispersive XRF (WD-XRF), INAA). The comparison was performed by investigation of relative ratios of concentrations and by correlation analysis. Moreover, precision of the techniques was examined and compared. The quality control included analysis of NIST pine needles certified reference material (1575a) using all examined techniques. Our results suggest that additional analytical and quality control steps are necessary for reaching the highest accuracy of multi-elemental analysis.
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Reitzig, Sven, Michael Rüsing, Jie Zhao, Benjamin Kirbus, Shayan Mookherjea, and Lukas M. Eng. "“Seeing Is Believing”—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films." Crystals 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288.
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Nonlinear and quantum optical devices based on periodically-poled thin film lithium niobate (PP-TFLN) have gained considerable interest lately, due to their significantly improved performance as compared to their bulk counterparts. Nevertheless, performance parameters such as conversion efficiency, minimum pump power, and spectral bandwidth strongly depend on the quality of the domain structure in these PP-TFLN samples, e.g., their homogeneity and duty cycle, as well as on the overlap and penetration depth of domains with the waveguide mode. Hence, in order to propose improved fabrication protocols, a profound quality control of domain structures is needed that allows quantifying and thoroughly analyzing these parameters. In this paper, we propose to combine a set of nanometer-to-micrometer-scale imaging techniques, i.e., piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), and Raman spectroscopy (RS), to access the relevant and crucial sample properties through cross-correlating these methods. Based on our findings, we designate SHG to be the best-suited standard imaging technique for this purpose, in particular when investigating the domain poling process in x-cut TFLNs. While PFM is excellently recommended for near-surface high-resolution imaging, RS provides thorough insights into stress and/or defect distributions, as associated with these domain structures. In this context, our work here indicates unexpectedly large signs for internal fields occurring in x-cut PP-TFLNs that are substantially larger as compared to previous observations in bulk LN.
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Druzhinin, V. N., V. G. Suvorov, A. N. Cherny, S. N. Troynakov, and U. T. Tukhtaev. "X-ray densitometric aspects of diagnosis of ulnar epicondylitis." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-1-19-24.
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Introduction. Timely and adequate diagnosis and treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the bone and joint apparatus, which include epicondylitis (epicondylosis), including professionally caused, continues to be a serious health problem today, since they cause significant economic damage associated with temporary and persistent disability of the active part of the world’s population. In this regard, the search for methods and methodological approaches to improve the radiation diagnosis of this disease remains relevant. The study is devoted to solution of important medical problems, including occupational diseases-optimization of X-ray of the ulnar epicondylitis based on the use of new methodological approaches quantifying the density of pathological remodeling of bone structures in the subject area, that allow to objectify the direction of changes in monitoring intensity changes in the estimated structures.The aim of the study is to improve the quality of x-ray diagnostics of ulnar epicondylitis based on a precision assessment of the optical density of bone and periarticular tissues using digital radiography.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the results of a comprehensive clinical and radiological examination of patients, workers of the main group (fitters and laborers machine-building plants) working age range of 30–50 years with a clinical picture of subacute phase of the ulnar epicondylitis in the absence of a pathognomonic ultrasound findings and x-ray morphological signs of the disease. X-ray studies were performed using digital low-dose x-ray diagnostic devices. Visualization, processing, analysis of medical images and comparison of results in the dynamics of research were carried out using the programs «Lins machaon doctor’s workstation». To measure the conditional optical density of bone and soft tissues, we used the ROI tool (zone of interest), which allows us to determine the desired value in areas of different dimensions. Measurements were performed on digital radiographs and computer monitor screens in the areas of interest: the lateral parts of the humerus condyles and adjacent periarticular tissues with the calculation of the average values of the optical density index (ID) and optical density gradients (IDG) relative to the density of periarticular soft tissues.Results. Analysis of the results of a posteriori osteodensitometry of the distal humerus within the framework of the developed algorithm, which includes the use of absolute and relative indicators of conditional optical density after preliminary color correction of digital x-ray images of bone and paraossal tissue structures, allowed us to expand our understanding of the topography of the distribution of mineral saturation in the condyles of at-risk individuals relative to those of the control group. It was found that the indicators of optical density of bone and paraossal tissues can be a kind of (conditional), sometimes the only indicators of the degree of severity of changes, positive or negative dynamics of pathophysiological processes. Density differences in the distal parts of the right and left humerus (bony and soft -tissue paraossal structures of the condyles) in the control group (conditional norm) in terms of absolute optical density and its gradient, regardless of the assessment area, were insignificant (statistically unreliable), although they were multidirectional. In patients with clinical signs of epicondylitis in the absence of x-ray morphologically detectable structural changes, a decrease in ID and the dynamics of its recovery at various stages of observation were revealed. Even when the ID of the actual bone structure is relatively equal, the IDG differs in different people, since it is largely determined by metabolic processes that are dynamically more labile than in the bones, and thus serve as a kind of indicator of their intensity. Taking into account the relative torpidity of perestroika processes in the structures of the bone tissue of the condyles in epicondylitis, IDG should be considered a more informative indicator of their dynamics. The importance of optical density indicators as predictors of the considered pathology is particularly evident in the process of analyzing the results of its diagnosis and development in the dynamics of observations not so much at the collective as at the individual level of assessment.Conclusions. The application of the developed methodological approach allows us to significantly expand our understanding of the topographical distribution of the density of bone and soft tissue structures of the distal humerus at various stages of examination of patients, including the early subclinical phases of possible pathology, even in the absence of visually detectable x-ray morphological changes. The use of an original algorithm for evaluating tissue density will reduce the negative role of the so-called «human factor» and thus significantly ensure the objectivity of the interpretation of research results.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
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Karami, A., R. Battisti, F. Menna, and F. Remondino. "3D DIGITIZATION OF TRANSPARENT AND GLASS SURFACES: STATE OF THE ART AND ANALYSIS OF SOME METHODS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-695-2022.
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Abstract. In the field of industrial metrology, there is a rising need for 3D information at a very high resolution for micro-measurements and quality control of transparent objects such as glass bottles (beer, wine, cola, cosmetics, etc.). However, such objects are particularly challenging for optical-based 3D reconstruction methods and systems such as photogrammetry, photometric stereo, structured light scanning, laser scanning, typically resulting in poor metrological performances. Indeed, these methods require the surface of the object to diffusely reflect the incoming light, which is not the case with the glass material where refraction and absorption phenomena do not permit their use. Over the years, various methods have been investigated and developed to avoid the coating (or powdering) treatment often used to make transparent objects opaque and diffusely reflecting. Most of the approaches require either some a priori knowledge of the transparent object or assumptions about how light interacts with the surface. This paper provides a general overview of state-of-the-art 3D digitization methods for optically non-cooperative surfaces featuring absorption, scattering, and refraction. The paper reviews research works summarizing them into four categories including shape-from-X, direct ray measurements, hybrid, and learning-based approaches. Moreover, we provided some 3D results to better highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method in practice when dealing with transparent objects.
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Chen, Yi-Gong, Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel, Gui-Yuan Lv, Dorota Kołodyńska, and Su-Hong Chen. "Application of Modern Research Methods for the Physicochemical Characterization of Ion Exchangers." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 7067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227067.
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Ion exchange technique as the reversible exchange of ions between the substrate and the surrounding medium can be an effective way of removing traces of ion impurities from the waters and wastewaters and obtaining a product of ultrapure quality. Therefore, it can be used in analytical chemistry, hydrometallurgy, purification and separation of metal ions, radioisotopes and organic compounds, and it also finds great application in water treatment and pollution control. In the presented paper, the new trends for ion exchanger characteristics determination and application are presented. Special attention is paid to the ion exchangers with multifunctionality for heavy metal ions removal. They show superior actions such as sorption capacity values with excellent resistance to fouling and the possibility of application in the co-current or modern packed bed counter-current systems, as well as for the condensate polishing or the conventional mixed bed systems in combination with other resins. The results of the paper are expected to help researchers to establish a powerful strategy to find a suitable ion exchanger for heavy metal ions removal from waters and wastewaters. It is important because the best ion exchangers are selected for a specific application during laboratory tests taking into account the composition of the feed solution, pH, type of ion exchangers and then the column breakthrough tests. Therefore, the optical profilometry and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can prove beneficial for this purpose in the case of three different ion exchangers such as Dowex M 4195, Amberlite IRA 743 and Purolite Arsen Xnp.
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Salmon, Phil, and Alexander Sasov. "Towards intraoperative microCT imaging of breast cancer resections." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.28_suppl.147.
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147 Background: MicroCT analysis of breast cancer resections was shown by Rong et al. [Tang R et al. (2013) The Breast Journal 19(5), 485-489; Tang R et al. (2013) Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 139(2), 311-316] to attain equivalence with pathology-histology in the assessment of positive margin. However, Rong et al. noted that the 14 minute scan cycle time–7 minutes scan, 7 minutes reconstruction–was a potential limitation. Methods: This paper reports the development of microCT instrumentation and software to address this and other technical challenges. These include (a) reducing the scan-reconstruction time, (b) a small desktop footprint, (c) reconciling optimal soft tissue contrast with minimizing artefacts from inserted metal wires and large calcifications, and (d) features to aid hospital workflow such as a barcode reader, an optical camera to photograph the specimen, and process automation. Scans were done with the purpose-built SkyScan1275 table-top microCT scanner, on frozen anonymous archived breast cancer resection samples. Results: Minimum scan time retaining acceptable image quality was 3 minutes. Reconstruction time was reduced to less than a minute by PC graphics accelerators. Scan-reconstruction cycle time can thus be < 4 minutes. A small (105 x 64 cm) desktop footprint with a weight of 160 kg, requiring only a sturdy laboratory desk, has also been attained in this scanner. Artefacts from large calcifications and metal wires were reduced to non-obtrusive levels by scanning with 1mm aluminum filter and software techniques. An automated scan sequence was developed with sample holders recognized electronically in the scanner. On pressing a single button, the scanner automatically goes to the appropriate magnification and sample height, scans the sample, then reconstructs the scan with preset parameters, and finally opens the reconstructed dataset in software for interactive volume-rendered viewing. Sample barcode reading and optical photo taking can be included in this auto-scan sequence. Conclusions: These developments bring microCT nearer to realizing its potential as an intraoperative “back-table” technique in breast cancer surgery to obviate revisions and improve the surgery process and outcome.
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Kapłonek, Wojciech, Krzysztof Nadolny, Bartosz Zieliński, Jarosław Plichta, Danil Pimenov, and Shubham Sharma. "The Role of Observation–Measurement Methods in the Surface Characterization of X39Cr13 Stainless-Steel Cutting Blades Used in the Fish Processing Industry." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245796.
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In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These machines are usually equipped with a single planar cutting blade or a few of such blades. The high-efficiency skinning and industrial conditions cause rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade, which is detrimental to the quality of the final product. One of the forms of renewing the cutting ability of these types of tools is the regeneration carried out with the use of precise traverse surface grinding. The results of this process must be carefully verified for determining its correctness and possible optimization of its parameters. The main goal of this article was to characterize the usefulness of a number of observational and measuring methods to evaluate the results of the technical blade regeneration process. In this work, a number of contemporary observation–measurement methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical profilometry (OP), and angle-resolved scattering (ARS), supported by image processing and analysis techniques, were analyzed. The authors focused on presenting the role of the abovementioned methods in the surface characterization of planar cutting blades made of X39Cr13 chromium martensitic stainless steel before and after the technological operation of flat-fish skinning. Additionally, the surface condition after the regeneration process carried out using the five-axis CNC (computerized numerical control) grinding machine was also assessed. Numerous results of surface observations, elemental composition microanalysis, high-accuracy surface microgeometry measurements, and quantitative and qualitative analysis confirming the possibility of using the proposed methods in the presented applications are presented.
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Bamanga, Awwal, Nnamdi Henry Amaeze, and Bader Al-Anzi. "Comparative Investigation of Total, Recoverable and Bioavailable Fractions of Sediment Metals and Metalloids in the Lagos Harbour and Lagoon System." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164339.
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This study investigated and characterised concentration of some selected metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and Zn) present in surface sediments of the Lagos Harbour (LH) and associated Lagos Lagoon (LG) system using a combination of metal extraction and analytical methods within 26 sampling sites including a control (Apese Lagoon, APL). Sampling was carried out using a Van-veen grab sampler on three occasions (dry seasons 2013, 2014; wet season 2013). The total, recoverable and bioavailable fractions were measured separately by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Aqua regia (AR) extraction with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and 1 M hydrochloric acid (1 M HCl) extraction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, respectively. Results were compared with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQG) and geochemical spatial distribution maps. Threshold effect level (TEL) were exceeded by total concentration of Cu, Zn and recoverable As across the lagoons. Bioavailable As was below TEL while Ni was associated with the ports in the LH.
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Hollo, Gabor. "Comparison of inner macular thickness and superficial macular capillary vessel density acquired using classic and high-definition optical coherence tomography angiography scans." Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (September 17, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/maio.v3i1.112.
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Background: In ophthalmology, thickness and vessel density (VD) measurements for the 6 x 6 mm inner macular retinal area have received increasing attention in glaucomatous progression research. For this area, the Angiovue optical coherence tomography system introduced a 304 x 304 A/B scans function (classic Angio Retina scan) in 2014, and a 400 x 400 A/B scans function (high-definition [HD] Angio Retina scan) in 2017. These scan types cannot be used in combination for the software provided for progression analysis.Purpose: Since losing data for 3 years may negatively influence progression analysis, we investigated whether clinically significant differences exist between consecutive measurements acquired with these scan types on the same eyes.Methods: As a part of our noninterventional prospective glaucoma imaging study, primary-open-angle glaucoma patients (POAG group), and ocular hypertensive and healthy control participants (structurally undamaged group) were imagedusing both the classic and the HD Angio Retina scans, respectively, without changing the patients’ position. High-quality images were obtained on 12 POAG eyes of 12 consecutive POAG patients, and 10 healthy and ocular hypertensive eyes of 10 consecutive participants before the data collection had to be suspended due to the new coronavirus epidemic.Results: For Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study image area, the mean difference (classic minus HD value) was 0.02 ± 0.37 μm for inner retinal thickness (P = 0.869) and 0.33 ± 1.33 % (P = 0.452) for superficial capillary VD in the structurally normal group (between-methods difference: ≤ 0.8% of the respective normal value). In the POAG group, the corresponding figures were -0.07 ± 1.22 μm for inner retinal thickness (P = 0.854; between-methods difference: 0.6% of the normal value) and 1.12 ± 2.58 % for superficial capillary VD (P = 0.158; classic scan value minus HD scan value: 1.12 ± 2.58 %; 2.3% of the normal value).Conclusion: Our results suggest that combined use of thickness and VD values for structurally normal eyes and thickness values for POAG eyes derived from classic and HD scans, respectively, for progression analysis can be reasonable since the differences between the corresponding values are small. However, combining the corresponding VD parameters for POAG eyes is useful only when the follow-up time before the scan type change is long enough to counterbalance the effect of the change on the result.
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YOKOTA, Hideo, Sakiko NAKAMURA, Akitake MAKTNOUCHI, and Toshiro HIGUCHI. "Observation of the Internal Structure of a Biological Sample using a Fluoresence Type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026441.
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We developed a new type 3-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscope (3D-ISM) for the observation of internal structures of samples. The internal structure of a sample is obtained by cutting it into thin slices and observing the cutting side continuously while cutting. The position of the camera, as well as the sample position are fixed. Therefore there is no shift between the sections, and this system can obtain a true color image of the sample, which is a high resolution and a high-quality three-dimensional image compared with X-ray CT and MRI. After repeatedly slicing a sample, the digital image data from the sectional views is transferred to a computer, where 3-dimensional images of the internal structure of the sample are reconstructed. Using this system we analyzed many biological organisms. Just now, we are developing the system which builds in a fluorescent microscope. in this paper, We therefore observed fluorescent-stained samples by a fluorescence microscope installed in the 3D-ISM instrument are shown.This article presents the outline of the device and the principle of the observation. This system, consisting of a slicing device, reflecting optical microscope, a CCD camera, a laser video recorder, a PC-based control system and an image processing workstation. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the cross secsional machine. Before slicing, the sample is embedded into either paraffin or OCT compound. Subsequently, the sample is positioned into a cross-sectioning machine for the slicing operation, which is performed using a cutting blade. The maximum size of the sample which can be observed with this device is ϕ 8x10mm. The thickness of the slices can be adjusted mechanically between 0.5-10 μ m. The cutting speed can range from 0.5 to 4 slices/ s. Each cross-section is viewed by employing a epi-fluoresence microscope and a CCD camera. The object lens used for the observation can use the x2-80. The resulting image is recorded on a laser video disc. After the slicing operation, the 3D sample image is reconstructed on the basis of volume rendering by using a Workstation. These observations can be completely done by full automation.
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Orlov, M. R., and L. V. Morozova. "Study of the nature and causes of damage of 40KhN2MA steel propshafts." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-6-44-50.
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The nature and character of the destruction of the high-loaded airscrew shaft of the gas turbine engine made of steel 40KhN2MA are studied using the methods of scanning electron and optical microscopy and X-ray spectral microanalysis. We determined the chemical composition, microstructure and character of destruction of the flange part of the shaft. It is shown that chemical composition of the shaft material meets the requirements of the regulatory documents and defects of metallurgical origin are absent both in the metal of the shaft and in the fatigue fractures. All the identified cracks have been formed during operation, and developed according to the fatigue mechanism. Zones of fretting-wear and fretting-corrosion damage to the surface in the stud holes are the foci of the fatigue crack birth in the airscrew shaft. The cause of formation and development of the fatigue cracks in the shaft flange is a high level of contact stresses in the flange body, attribute to a poor quality of the interface of the splined joint due to significant fretting corrosion damage to the splines and vibration damages. A set of recommendations and measures aimed at elimination of the adverse factors is elaborated. To exclude the formation and development of fatigue cracks in the splined flange upon operation, we recommend to: optimize the tightening torque of the splined joint; introduce quality control of the interface between contact surfaces of the splined joint when replacing the airscrews; address the issue of dynamic balancing of the airscrews upon their production and repair.
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Seidel, Peter, Doreen Ebert, Robert Schinke, Robert Möckel, Simone Raatz, Madlen Chao, Elke Niederschlag, Thilo Kreschel, Richard Gloaguen, and Axel D. Renno. "Comparison of Elemental Analysis Techniques for the Characterization of Commercial Alloys." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050736.
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Better quality control for alloy manufacturing and sorting of post-consumer scraps relies heavily on the accurate determination of their chemical composition. In recent decades, analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and spark optical emission spectroscopy (spark-OES), found widespread use in the metal industry, though only a few studies were published about the comparison of these techniques for commercially available alloys. Hence, we conducted a study on the evaluation of four analytical techniques (energy-dispersive XRF, wavelength-dispersive XRF, LIBS, and spark-OES) for the determination of metal sample composition. It focuses on the quantitative analysis of nine commercial alloys, representing the three most important alloy classes: copper, aluminum, and steel. First, spark-OES is proven to serve as a validation technique in the use of certified alloy reference samples. Following an examination of the lateral homogeneity by XRF, the results of the techniques are compared, and reasons for deviations are discussed. Finally, a more general evaluation of each technique with its capabilities and limitations is given, taking operation-relevant parameters, such as measurement speed and calibration effort, into account. This study shall serve as a guide for the routine use of these methods in metal producing and recycling industries.
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Webb, N. A., A. Schwope, I. Zolotukhin, D. Lin, and S. R. Rosen. "Two new magnetic cataclysmic variables discovered in the 3XMM catalogue." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730974.
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Context. X-ray catalogues provide a wealth of information on many source types, ranging from compact objects to galaxies, clusters of galaxies, stars, and even planets. Thanks to the huge volume of X-ray sources provided in the 3XMM catalogue, along with many source specific products, many new examples from rare classes of sources can be identified. Aims. Through visualising spectra and lightcurves from about 80 observations included in the incremental part of the 3XMM catalogue, 3XMM-DR5, as part of the quality control of the catalogue, we identified two new X-ray sources, 3XMM J183333.1+225136 and 3XMM J184916.1+652943, that were highly variable. This work aims to investigate their nature. Methods. Through simple model fitting of the X-ray spectra and analysis of the X-ray lightcurves of 3XMM J183333.1+225136 and 3XMM J184916.1+652943, along with complementary photometry from the XMM-Newton Optical Monitor, Pan-STARRS and the Stella/WiFSIP and Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) spectra, we suggest that the two sources might be magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs) of the polar type and we determine some of their properties. Results. Both CVs have very hard spectra, showing no soft excess. They are both situated in the local neighbourhood, located within ~1 kpc. 3XMM J183333.1+225136 has an orbital period of 2.15 h. It shows features in the lightcurve that may be a total eclipse of the white dwarf. 3XMM J184916.1+652943 has an orbital period of 1.6 h. Given that only a small sky area was searched to identify these CVs, future sensitive all sky surveys such as the eROSITA project should be very successful at uncovering large numbers of such sources.
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Kudryakov, Stepan A., Darya A. Najda, and Grigorij N. Kozlov. "Application of cellular technologies in the treatment of chronic pain ofthe lumbar spine." Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko 3, no. 1 (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53652/2782-1730-2022-3-1-43-49.
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The paper presents the results of clinical testing of autologous cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with deforming spondyloarthrosis of the lumbar spine. The study selected 20 patients aged 45 to 85 years with symptoms of degenerative spondyloarthrosis of the lumbar spine confirmed by radiological methods (CT, MRI, X-ray), 5 men, 15 women, average age 64.7 years with a disease duration of 5 years. Autologous SVF cells were injected into the affected facet joints under the control of an electron optical converter. The introduction of SVF cells did not cause the development of inflammatory allergic and toxic reactions. Patient survey conducted 1 month after the introduction of SVF cells revealed a decrease in the severity of pain syndrome, assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) and a specialized SF-36 scale (p<0.05 on both scales). Patients noted an improvement in functional activity and quality of life associated with the affected facet joints. Positive clinical dynamic was maintained during follow-up up to 6 months. The control magnetic resonance imaging after 6 months revealed no significant differences from the initial examination. Our study showed the safety and good tolerability of the introduction of autologous SVF cells into the areathe zygapophysial (facet) of facet joints. Our study showed the safety and good tolerability of the introduction of autologous SVF cells into the area of the Lumbar Facet Joint Injectionsin patients with severe manifestations of deforming spondyloarthrosis. The obtained results also indicate a significant anti-inflammatory effect of autologous SVF cells of adipose tissue at the early stages of cell therapy.
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Boryło, Paulina, Marek Szindler, and Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz. "Various Applications of Multifunctional Thin Films with Specific Properties Deposited by the ALD Method." Solid State Phenomena 293 (July 2019): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.293.111.
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This paper presents application examples of atomic layer deposition method (ALD) adopted for production of multifunctional thin films for various usage such as passive, antireflection and transparent conductive films. First part of this paper introduces the mechanism of ALD process, in the rest of it, aluminum oxide (as passive and antireflection) and zinc oxide (as antireflection and transparent conductive) ALD thin films are presented. In the literature one can find reports on the use of the Al2O3 layer as passivating and ZnO layers as a transparent conductive oxide in diodes, polymeric and dye sensitized solar cells. In this article, the ALD layers were tested for their use in silicon solar cells, using their good electrical and optical properties. For examination of prepared thin films characteristics, following research methods were used: scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffractometer, ellipsometer, UV/VIS spectrometer and resistance measurements. By depositing a layer thickness of about 80 nm, the short-circuit current on the surface of the solar cell was increased three times while reducing the reflection of light. In turn, by changing the deposition temperature of the ZnO thin film, you can control its electrical properties while maintaining high transparency. The obtained results showed that the ALD method provide the ability to produce a high quality multifunctional thin films with the required properties.
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Delgado-Ruíz, Rafael, Aleksa Markovic, Luís Calvo-Guirado, Zoran Lazic, Adriano Piattelli, Daniele Boticelli, José Maté-Sánchez, Bruno Negri, María Ramírez-Fernández, and Tijana Misic. "Implant stability and marginal bone level of microgrooved zirconia dental implants: A 3-month experimental study on dogs." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 5 (2014): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp121003034d.
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Background/Aim. The modification of implant surfaces could affect mechanical implant stability as well as dynamics and quality of peri-implant bone healing. The aim of this 3-month experimental study in dogs was to investigate implant stability, marginal bone levels and bone tissue response to zirconia dental implants with two laser-micro-grooved intraosseous surfaces in comparison with nongrooved sandblasted zirconia and sandblasted, high-temperature etched titanium implants. Methods. Implant surface characterization was performed using optical interferometric profilometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A total of 96 implants (4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) were inserted randomly in both sides of the lower jaw of 12 Fox Hound dogs divided into groups of 24 each: the control (titanium), the group A (sandblasted zirconia), the group B (sandblasted zirconia plus microgrooved neck) and the group C (sandblasted zirconia plus all microgrooved). All the implants were immediately loaded. Insertion torque, periotest values, radiographic crestal bone level and removal torque were recorded during the 3-month follow-up. Qualitative scanning electon micro-scope (SEM) analysis of the bone-implant interfaces of each group was performed. Results. Insertion torque values were higher in the group C and control implants (p < 0.05). Perio-test values increased in all the periods in proportion to the ex-tent of microgrooving as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). Radiographic measurements showed minimal crestal bone loss at 3 months for microgrooved zirconia implants (groups C and B) and control implants compared with the group A implants (p < 0.05). The removal torque values increased with time for all the groups as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). SEM showed that implant surfaces of the groups B and C had an extra bone growth inside the microgrooves that corresponded to the shape and direction of the microgrooves. Conclusion. The addition of micro-grooves to the entire intraosseous surface of zirconia dental implants enhances primary and secondary implant stability, promotes bone tissue ingrowth and preserves crestal bone levels.
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Nakazawa, Masaru. "Special Issue on Handling of Flexible Object." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 3 (June 20, 1998): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0167.
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It is difficult to introduce highly versatile automation using robots to handling deformable objects such as thread, cloth, wire, long beams, and thin plates in plant production processes, compared to the handling of rigid objects. Office equipment handles deformable objects such as paper and plastic. Problems unique to these objects is caused by speeding up such equipment and demand for upgrading its accuracy. In agriculture and medical care, automatic, intelligent handling of deformable objects such as fruit and animals has long been desired and practical systems sought. Deformable objects whose handling should be versatiley and accurately automated are classified into two groups based on handling: (A) Flexible, mostly thin, fine objects capable of elastic deformation (B) Soft objects easily crushed, such as soft fruits or animals The problem in handling the first group is controlling object deformation of an infinite degree of freedom with a finite number of manipulated variables. In contrast, a significant problem in handling the second group is often how to handle them without exerting excessive stress and how to handle them safely and reliably. The handling of these two groups differ greatly in mechanics and control theory, and this special issue focuses on the first group — flexible objects — mechanical collection and transport studies, control, and software. Recent studies on their handling are classified into four groups for convenience based on handled objects and types of handling task: (a) Control of deformation, internal force, and vibration or path planning of flexible objects (mainly thin plates and beams) using single or multiple manipulators. (b) Task understanding in insertion of elastic into rigid parts and vice versa, and the study of human skills to help robots accomplish these task. (c) Approaches on improved accuracy, intelligent control, and vibration damping in handling and transfer of sheets and strings with low flexural rigidity, represented by paper or wire. (d) Strategies for grasping and unfolding sheets such as cloth whose flexural rigidity is almost nil. For (a), studies are active on deformation control by two robot hands attempting to grasp cloth. 1-3) In the automobile industry, so-called flexible fixtureless assembly systems are advancing in which two robots process or assemble parts in mid-air without a fixed table to reduce lead time and cost. These systems are mostly developed assuming handled parts are rigid. Nguyen et al. work assuming parts such as sheet metal whose deformation must be taken into consideration.1) Nakagaki et al. propose form estimation that considers even plastic deformation in wire handling by robots, in connection with the development of robots for electric wire installation.4) Many studies cover flexible wire as elastic beams,3-9) but comparatively few focus on bending deformation of thin plates. This special edition includes a paper by Kosuge et al. on thin-plate deformation control. Vibration control of grasped objects becomes important as speed increases. Matsuno kindly contributed his paper on optimum path planning in elastic plate handling. In controlling the deformation of elastic bodies, the mechanics of objects handled is often unknown. This special issue features a paper by Kojima et al. on an approach to this problem by adaptive feed-forward control. For (b), we consider three cases: (1) A cylindrical rigid body inserted into a hole on an elastic plate. (2) An elastic bar inserted into a hole on a rigid body. (3) A tubular elastic body put on a cylindrical rigid body. This special issue carries papers on these problems by Brata et al., Matsuno et al., and Hirai. For (2), a paper by Nakagaki et al.10) covers electric wire installation. For (3), the paper by Shima et al.11) covers insertion of a rigid axis into an elastic hose. Robot skill acquisition is an important issue in robotics in general, and the above papers should prove highly interesting and information because they treat studies by comparing robot and human skills in accomplishing work and acquiring concrete skills knowledge. For (c), attempts are made to theoretically analyze sheet handling mechanisms and control developed based on trial and error, and to structure design theory based on such analysis. These attempts are related to the increased accuracy and speed and enhanced intelligence of sheet-handling office automation equipment such as printers, facsimile machines, copiers, and automated teller machines. Yoshida et al. conducted a series of studies on the effects of guides forming paper feed paths and of inertia force of paper by approximating sheets with a chain of discrete masses and springs.12-14) This special edition also features a study on sheet sticking and jamming. Okuna et al. handles a system of similar nature, mechanical studying the form of paper guides.15) Introducing mechanisms to control the positioning of sheets is effective in raising sheet transfer accuracy. Feedback control that regulates feed roller skew angle as a manipulated variable is proposed.16) Increased reliability in separating single sheets from stacked effectively reduces the malfunction rate in sheet-handling equipment. Ways of optimizing the form of sheet-separation rollers17) and estimating frictional force between separation gates and sheets 18) are also proposed. This special issue contains a proposal by Nakazawa et al. of a mechanism that uses reactive sheet buckling force, made in connection with development of a newspaper page turner for the disabled as technology for separating single sheets. Dry frictional force is most widely used for transporting sheets, but is not stable and may even act as an obstacle to improving accuracy. Niino et al. propose a sheet transfer mechanism that uses electrostatic force.19) For improving the accuracy of flexible wire transmission, this special issue carries a study on transporting flexible thin wire through tension control at multiple points, from a study by Morimitsu et al. on optical fiber installation. The thickness of wire used in equipment is becoming increasingly slim and flexible, along with the equipment it is used in. Tension control in the production process is an important factor in the manufacture of such thin wire. Production efficiency constantly calls for increased transfer speed. It has thus become important to estimate air resistance and inertia and to measure and control the tension of running wire. Studies20,21) by Batra, Fraser, et al. which deal the motion of string in the spinning process provide good examples for learning analytical techniques for air drag and inertia. In string vibration where inertia dominates, attempts are made to control vibration by boundary shaking22,23) and feed-forward/back control.24) For (d), highly versatile robots for handling cloth are being developed, and the software technology for automatic cloth selection and unfolding by robot hands is a popular topic.25-27) Ono et al. comment on the nature of problems in developing intelligent systems for handling cloth and similar objects whose bending rigidity is low and which readily fold and overlap—a paper that will prove a good reference in basic approaches in this field. Mechanical analyses are indispensable to studies on (a) through (c). In contrast, information technology such as characteristic variable measurement, image processing, and discrimination, rather than mechanical analyses, play an important roles in studies on (d). This special issue features a study by Hamashima, Uraya et al. on cloth unfolding as an example of such studies. Studies up to now largely assumed that properties of grasped objects did not change environmental influences such as temperature and humidity. Such influence is often, however, a major factor in handling fiber thread and cloth. This special issue has a paper contributed by Taylor, who studies handling method to prevent influence by such environmental factors. The objective of this special issue will have been achieved if it aids those studying the handling of flexible objects by providing approaches and methodologies of researchers whose target objects differ and if it aids those planning to take up study in this field by providing a general view of this field. References: 1) Nguyen, W. and Mills, J., ""Multi-Robot Control For Plexible Fixtureless Assembly of Flexible Sheet Metal Auto Body Parts,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2340-2345, (1996). 2) Sun, D. and Shi, X. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Cooperation of Two-Arm Robotic System Manipulating a Deformable Object,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2346-2351, (1996). 3) Kosuge, K., Sakaki, M., Kanitani, K., Yoshida, H. and Fukuda, T., ""Manipulation of a Flexible Object by Dual Manipulators,"" IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 318-323, (1995). 4) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K., Ogasawara, T. and Tukune H., ""Handling of a Flexible Wire -Detecting a Deformed Shape of the Wire by Vision and a Force Sensor,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'96), 207-210, (1996). 5) Wakamatsu, H., Hirai, S. and Iwata, K., ""Static Analysis of Deformable Object Grasping Based on Bounded Force Closure,"" Trans. of JSML, 84-618 (C), 508-515, (1998). 6) Katoh, R. and Fujmoto, T., ""Study on Deformation of Elastic Object By Manipulator -Path Planning of End -Effector-,"" J. of the Robotics Society of Japan, 13-1, 157-160, (1995). 7) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Inooka, M., ""Stability of Control System in Handling a Flexible Object by Rigid Arm Robots,"" JSME Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 169-172, (1995). 8) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Cbinata, G., ""Handling of a Vibrating Flexible Structure by a Robot,"" Trans. JSME, 61-583, 938-943, (1995). 9) Sun, D. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Impedance Control of a Two-Manipulator System Handling a Flexible Beam,"" Trans. of the ASME, 119, 736-742, (1997). 10) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K. and Tukune, H., ""Contact Motion in Inserting a Flexible Wire into a Hole,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 175-178, (1995). 11) Shimaji, S., Brata, A. and Hattori, H., ""Robot Skill in Assembling a Cylinder into an Elastic Hose,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 752-755, (1995). 12) Yoshida, K. and Kawauchi, M., ""The Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (1st Reprt, Study of Spring-Mass Beam Model of the Sheet,"" Trans. of JSME, 58-552, 1474-1480, (1992). 13) Yoshida, K., ""Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (2nd Report, Static Analysis for Deformation of the Sheet in the Space Formed by Guide Plates),"" Trans. JSME, 60-570, 501-507, (1994). 14) Yoshida, K., ""Dynamic Analysis of Sheet Defofmation Using Spring-Mass-Beam Model,"" Trans. JSME, 63-615, 3926-3932 (1997). 15) Okuna, K., Nishigaito, T. and Shina, Y., ""Analysis of Paper Deformation Considering Guide Friction (Improvement of Paper Path for Paper-Feeding Mechanism),"" Trans. JSME, 60-575, 2279-2284, (1994). 16) Fujimura, H. and Ono, K., ""Analysis of Paper Motion Driven by Skew-Roll Paper Feeding System,"" Trans. JSME, 62-596, 1354-1360, (1996). 17) Shima, Y., Hattori, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Optimum of Gate-Roller Shape in Paper Isolating Methods,"" Conference of Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'96), 61-62, (1996). 18) Suzuki, Y, Hattori, S., Shima, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Contact Analysis of Paper in Gate-Roller Handling Method"", Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'95), 19-20, (1995). 19) Niino, T., Egawa, S. and Higuchi, T., ""An Electrostatic Paper Feeder,"" J. of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 60-12,1761-1765, (1994). 20) Batra, S., Ghosh, T. and Zeidman, M., ""An Integrated Approach to Dynamic Analysis of the Ring Spinning Process , PartII: With Air Drag,"" Textile Research Journal, 59, 416-424, (1989). 21) Fraser, W., Ghosh, T. and Batra, S., ""On Unwinding Yarn from a Cylindrical Package,"" Proceedings of Royal Society of London, A, 436, 479-438, (1992). 22) Jacob, S., ""Control of Vibrating String Using Impedance Matching,"" Proceedings of the American Control Conference (San Francisco),468-472, (1993). 23) Lee, S. and Mote, C., ""Vibration Control of an Axially Moving String by Boundary Control,"" Trans. of the ASME, J. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 118, 66-74, (1996). 24) Ying, S. and Tan, C., ""Active Vibration Control of the Axially Moving String Using Space Feedforward and Feedback Controllers,"" Trans. ASME, J. of Vibration and Acoustics, 118, 306-312, (1996). 25) Ono, E., Ichijo, H. and Aisaka, N., ""Flexible Robotic Hand for Handling Fabric Pieces in Garment Manufacture,"" International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 4-5,18-23, (1992). 26) Paraschidis, K., Fahantidis, N, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G, ""A Robotic System for Handling Textile and Non Rigid Flat Materials,"" Computers in Industry, 26, 303-313, (1995). 27) Fahantidis, N., Paraschidis, K, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G., ""Robot Handling of Flat Textile Materials,"" IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 4-1, 34-41, (1997).
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Bezdetko, Pavlo, and Rada Parkhomets. "PREDICTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MYOPIA CONTROL WHEN USING ORTHOKERATOLOGICAL LENSES BASED ON INDIVIDUAL EYE PARAMETERS." Inter Collegas 9, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.9.1.76-85.
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Introduction. The prevalence and progressive course of myopia is one of the most important medical and social problems worldwide. In recent years, in our country and abroad there is a tendency to increase the incidence of myopia, becoming in some countries an epidemic. In recent years, the most common method of effective control of myopia is the method of refractive therapy with orthokeratological lenses. Objective: To develop criteria for predicting the effectiveness of myopia control using orthokeratological lenses based on individual eye parameters. Object and methods of research. A total of 60 children (117 eyes) were included in the clinical study, who were selected by OKL of combined design, SkyOptix, licensed by KATT Design Group (Canada). The average age was 11 [10; 13], from 7 to 14 years, of which 37 were females (61.7%), 23 males (38.3%). Ophthalmological examination consisted of visometry without correction and with optical correction, autorefractometry on the narrow pupil and in the state of drug cycloplegia, biomicroscopy, biometry, ophthalmoscopy of the central and peripheral fundus, keratotopography of the horns, pupilometry. The results of the research: Among the studied people, the average refractive index at the beginning of the study was -2.25 [-3; -1.5] diopters. The initial diameter of the pupils was determined from 2.78 to 6.30 mm according to the pupilometry performed on the topograph. The average values of eccentricity (Ex) studied in the flat meridian averaged 0.51 [0.47; 0.58], in the steep - 0.53 [0.43; 0.59] at the beginning of the study. In our study, the keratometry of the cornea averaged 43.5 at the beginning of the study [42.7; 44.4]. As a result of probability analysis (increase in APS for two years), the method of construction of logistic regression models was used. We selected five factor features (X): Initial refraction, Pupil diameter (X2), Keratometry (X3), Peripheral corneal force on the reverse zone ring (X4 and X5), Corneal diameter, and Axial length of the eye (APS) at the time of treatment (initial). The equation of logistic regression of the model for predicting the probability of progression of myopia on the background of the use of OKL had the form: The classification ability of the model was determined according to the training sample and amounted to 79.5%. The probability of a true positive result (increase in APS less than 0.3) when using this model was 91.9%, and the probability of a true negative result - 38.5%. Evaluation of the quality of the model using ROC-analysis showed the following: the area under the ROC-curve (AUC) was equal to 0.86 (p <0.001), which characterizes the good quality of the classification of traits. The sensitivity of the model was 82.6%, specificity - 73.1%. As part of the research and mathematical calculations, an interactive WEB application was also developed, which can be accessed from various types of devices connected to the World Wide Web. Modern solutions and approaches used in IT (Information Technology) were used for development. Conclusions. It is determined that when examining a child with progressive myopia, it is important to pay attention to the diameter of the pupil in photographic conditions, because it can be a predictor of progression and influence the choice of correction individually. The smaller the value of keratometry before the appointment of refractive therapy, the greater the value of the size of the APS, so this factor can be indicated as prognostic. The differential topographic force of the cornea along the peripheral ring corresponding to the reverse zone of the lens is a prognostic practical factor. Taking into account the primary parameters of the eye allows you to customize the approach to each child with myopia, improving the individual design of orthokeratological lenses.
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Li, Zihan, Pengpeng Yang, Haodong Liu, Jun Liu, Sha Zhu, Xiaojie Li, Wei Zhuang, Jinglan Wu, and Hanjie Ying. "Crystal forms and phase transformation of 1,5-pentanediamine-terephthalate: a bio-based nylon 5T monomer." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 76, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520620006265.
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Nylon 5T is one of the bio-based nylons, its raw material 1,5-pentanediamine is derived from biomass resources and produced by biological methods. 1,5-pentanediamine-terephthalate (PDA-TPA) is the monomeric salt for nylon 5T polymerization, and its own product quality has a significant impact on the performance of nylon 5T. PDA-TPA was prepared by anti-solvent crystallization in this study. It exists in two solid forms, a monohydrate [form (I)] and an anhydrous phase [form (II)]. The transition temperature of the two phases was around 65°C in the given ethanol–water binary (7:1) mixture. The characterization of monohydrate and anhydrate phases regarding structures and stabilities was carefully carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, single crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, hot-stage microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The relationship between the molecular interactions of monohydrate and anhydrate phases under different packing architectures and their thermal behaviours was analysed and established. In addition, the relationships between the structures and thermal behaviours for the two solid forms were analysed and established. In addition, the effect of solvent on phase conversion, the relationships between the temperature and water activity, as well as the relative stability of monohydrate and anhydrate phases under different thermodynamic conditions, were investigated by solid–solid transformation and solvent-mediated transformation experiments. It was obvious that the transition temperature of monohydrate and anhydrate phases of PDA-TPA was significantly influenced by water activity, and the larger the value of water activity is, the higher is the transition temperature. These studies give insight into the transformation of nylon 5T monomer salt and contribute to the control of target crystal preparation.
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Gomes, J., C. Guerreiro, D. Lavrador, P. A. Carvalho, and R. M. Miranda. "TEM analysis as a tool for toxicological assessment of occupational exposure to airborne nanoparticles from welding." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (August 2013): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613001384.
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Welding is the principal industrial process used for joining metals. However, it can produce dangerous fumes that may be hazardous to the welder’s health and it is estimated that, presently, 1-2% of workers from different professional backgrounds (which accounts for more than 3 million persons) are subjected to welding fume and gas action. With the advent of new types of welding procedures and consumables, the number of welders exposed to welding fumes is growing constantly in spite of the mechanization and automation of the processes. Simultaneously, the number of publications on epidemiologic studies and the devices for welders’ protection is also increasing. Apart from that, the influence of very ultrafine particulate, lying in the nanoparticles range, on human health has been pointed to be of much concern as airborne nanoparticles are resulting both from nanotechnologies processes and also from macroscopic common industrial processes such as welding. In fact, nanotoxicological research is still in its infancy and the issuing and implementation of standards for appropriate safety control systems can still take several years. Yet, the advanced understanding of toxicological phenomena on the nanometre scale is largely dependent on technological innovations and scientific results stemming from enhanced R&D. Meanwhile, the industry has to adopt proactive risk management strategies in order to provide a safe working environment for their staff, clients and customers, and obtain products without posing health threats at any point of their lifecycle. Understanding the relationship of airborne nano sized particulate and human health, under different environmental conditions is of great importance for improving exposure estimates and for developing efficient control strategies to reduce human exposure and health risk and for establishing, evaluating and improving regulations and legislation both on air quality, airborne emissions and the incorporation of nano sized materials in other products and commodities.Mass measurement methods are not sufficiently sensitive for airborne nanoparticles and are not sensitive toward the specific health relevant properties of nanoparticles. The most sensitive concentration measured in this particle range (> 100 nm diameter) is the number concentration. In fact, surface area is a relevant metric for nanoparticles, as most of the processes in the human body environment take place via the particle surface, which is increasing significantly with decreasing particle size in the nanometer size range for the same amount of mass. In order to perform the toxicological assessment of welding processes a Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor, TSI, Model 3550, based on diffusion charging (measuring the electrostatic charge on a sampled aerosol, mainly composed of nanoparticles) was used for monitoring the emission of nanoparticles resulting from several welding processes. This equipment indicates the human lung-deposited surface area of particles expressed as square micrometers per cubic centimeter of air (µm2/cm3). Although this instrument is very precise and its use has been validated for this purpose, the definite presence of nanoparticles in welding fume has to be complemented by microscopy techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which has proved very helpful in order to establish the size, shape and aggregation habit of sampled aerosols, as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for performing the chemical analysis of collected nanoparticles. Figure 1 shows the aspect of aggregates of particles, in the nano size range, collected from welding fume during shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of carbon steel and friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys, respectively. As expected in arc welding aggregates of larger dimensions are produced in more roundish shaped particles while in FSW these are finer. Chemical analysis determined by EDS showed that the emitted nanoparticles of SMAW are mostly resulting from burning of electrode coating and less from its core. Therefore, in order to reduce particulate emissions, special care has to be paid to the chemical composition of the electrodes coating.The work was supported by the Portuguese Science Foundation through PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2011, PEst-OE/EME/UI0667/2011 and PEst-OE/CTM-UI0084/2011 and grants.
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Czyżewski, Dariusz. "Comparison of luminance distribution on the lighting surface of power LEDs." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.966.
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This work presents luminance distributions across the surface of mid- and high-power diodes. The changes in luminance on diode surfaces following changes in the observation angle were verified. On the basis of the conducted tests, non-uniform luminance distribution on LED surface for diverse observation angles (including the axial direction) was observed. Moreover, it was concluded that luminance changes is not in line with the Lambert’s law. As the result of the research it was also concluded that alterations of the power-supply conditions do not exert any significant impact on the gradient of luminance changes on the surfaces of examined LEDs. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Fan, J. Cao, Ch. Yu, Ch. Qian, X. Fan, G. Zhang, A design and qualification of LED flip Chip-on-Board module with tunable color temperatures, Microelectronics reliability, ISSN 0026-2714, Nº. 84, 2018, pp. 140-148, CrossRef K. Bonislawski, I. Fryc, The study on optical properties of LEDs used for vehicle control lighting, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2012, ISSN 0033-2097, Vol. 88, Issue 3A, pp. 119-120 DirectLink T. Kawabata, Y. Ohno, Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications, Journal of Modern Optics 60(14), 2013, pp. 1176-1186 CrossRef P. Pracki, U. Blaszczak, The issues of interior lighting on the example of an educational building adjustment to nZEB standard, IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef P. Tabaka, Analysis of electrical parameters of prime set bulb equivalents suitable for dimming, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2015, R. 91, No. 5, pp. 100-106, ISSN 0033-2097 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, The street lighting luminaires with LEDs. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 86, 2009, pp. 276-279 DirectLink C. C. Miller; Y. Zong; Y. Ohno, LED photometric calibrations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and future measurement needs of LEDs, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5530, Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting; (2004) CrossRef D. Mozyrska Dorota; M. Wyrwas; I. Fryc, The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 88, Issue: 4A, 2012, pp. 232-234 CrossRef K. Baran, A. Różowicz, H. Wachta, S. Różowicz, D. Mazur, Thermal Analysis of the Factors Influencing Junction Temperature of LED Panel Sources, Energies, 12, 3941, 2019 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Research on Luminance Distributions of Chip-On-Board Light-Emitting Diodes, Crystals 9(12), 645, 2019. CrossRef L. Zheng, Z. Guo, W. Yan, Y. Lin, Y. Lu, H.C. Kuo, Z. Chen, L. Zhu, T. Wu, Y. Gao, Research on a Camera-Based Microscopic Imaging System to Inspect the Surface Luminance of the Micro-LED Array. IEEE Access 6, 2018, 51329-51336. CrossRef S. Słomiński, Selected Problems in Modern Methods of Luminance Measurement of Multisource LED Luminaires. Light Eng. 24, 2016, pp. 45-50. DirectLink I. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. Kołacz, Analysis of optical radiation parameters of compact discharge HID lamps and LED COB modules used for illuminating shop windows, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2017, R. 93, nr 11, pp. 186-189. CrossRef I. Fryc, Measurement techniques of optical LEDs properties performed with compliance conformity with CIE 127:2007 standard, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009,ISSN 0033-2097,Vol. 85,Issue:11,pp.317-319. DirectLink I. Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, An Automated System for Evaluation of the Quality of Light Sources, 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016), CrossRef CIE 235:2019, Optical measurement of led modules and light engines, ISBN 978-3-902842-25-1, DOI: 10.25039/TR.235.2019. CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Investigation of COB LED luminance distribution, In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef I. Rotscholl, K. Trampert; U. Krüger; F. Schmidt, Spectral near field data of LED systems for optical simulations, Proceedings SPIE Volume 11144,Phot. and Educ. in Measur. Sc. 2019, CrossRef
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Mankovskyi, D. "Leading morphological dominants of stroke as a basis for the morbid psychotype in cardiosurgical patients with postoperative hypoxic-ischemic injuries." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.10.039.
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The study of the structural dominants of stroke as a valid element of the evidence base of the morbid psychotype in cardiosurgical patients with postoperative hypoxic-ischemic injuries is currently a priority. It is mostly due to the actual issues of unresolved problems of patient-oriented strategy of neurological support of cardiosurgical patients, endless contradictions in the tactics of management of this category of patients, frequency and clinical polymorphism of postoperative complications (strokes, encephalopathies, dysfunction, neurosis etc.). Preoperative preparation of patients, transoperative management of patients; issues of premedication, anesthesia; prevention of complications and persistent disabilities, prognosis of efficiency and further quality of life, sometimes social psychoadaptation – all of this require specialists having a deep and comprehensive understanding of the leading components of the nosological prototype, the basic criteria of morphological patterns of the disease. Taking into account the latter, the role and the importance of morphological diagnosis of clinical manifestations is clearly growing among a fairly wide range of complications in cardiac surgery.
Aim of research: was to investigate the leading morphological dominants of stroke as a basis for the morbid psychotype in cardiosurgery patients with postoperative hypoxic-ischemic injuries.
Material and research methods. Morphological analysis (histological examination) was performed on pieces of brain (gray and white matter), 0.5 cubic cm in size of healthy individuals (infection control, IC, n = 12) and those who belonged to the group of clinical observation, CO, n = 18 (also including thanatological follow-up data from own retrospective annals and archives. The author of the work pays tribute to the bright memory of Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences A. F. Yakovtsova – Honorary Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Kharkiv National Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine – for professional consultations during the implementation of this fragment of the dissertation research). The sectional material was carefully removed, pieces with sections of cortical and cerebral matter were separated, and then washed in running water. Fixation was performed for at least 24 hours in 12% formalin solution on phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0-7.2), at t0 =18-200 Co in a glass-ceramic vessel. Dehydration of the material took place through a system of ethyl alcohols solutions from 300 to absolute, poured into resin (paraffin / celloidin according to the needs of the study). From the obtained blocks, using the resources of the microtome “MK-25”, we made a series of histological sections with a thickness of 5-10 μm (in one of three mutually perpendicular planes: frontal, horizontal, sagittal). The obtained sections were stained depending on the research tasks, its strategy, taking into account the type of tissue (hematoxylin-eosin, according to Van Gieson). Histological examination of gray and white matter of the brain was performed by stages.
Microscopic analysis of the material was performed using a light optical system of the Lieca microscope (Germany) (x 100; x 300). The cortical and cerebral substances of the cerebral hemispheres and areas of the penumbra were examined. Comparison of control samples with the clinical version was carried out in a comparative aspect.
Results. Morphological analysis of native brain preparations samples of healthy individuals, IC (cases of sudden death for the reasons unrelated to pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system) showed in favor of a complete correlation of structural and functional changes with sex-age parameters of postnatal ontogenesis. Gray and white substances are contrast, clearly differentiated, their layers are well marked, they did not contain any signs of foci of inflammation, destructive-degenerative processes, heart attacks and necrosis.
The results of the study of the material, from persons belonging to the clinical observation group (ischemic stroke as one of the prototypes of hypoxic-ischemic complications in cardiosurgery patients), showed the presence of ischemic injuries. The latter were characterized by a phased nature, which to some extent depended on the timing of the onset of the stroke phenomenon, the depth of organic damage, microtopography, the volume of areas of destructive and degenerative changes. The foci of edema being inflammatory phenomena and the result of ischemia attracted the attention. The substance of the brain in these loci and adjacent areas is “softened”, brittle, flabby, in a state of dyschromatosis, it is not elastic enough. Some histological preparations observed in the near-term period contained areas of necrosis, with elements of generalizations of ischemic phenomena. Neighboring with damaged areas the fragments of the substance are saturated with leukocyte infiltrates, which are more contrast. Нeart attacks (morphologically thy are trivial focal necrosis) were the leading diagnostic features of ischemic genesis.
Conclusion. The pathogenetic scenario of stroke has a number of phases. Its primary leading morphological dominants (as a component of the morbid psychotype of cardiosurgery patients with postoperative hypoxic-ischemic disorders) include the occurrence of focal cerebral infarctions (white, red, mixed). The latter by their nature are necrosis and are caused by ischemia, due to the development of vascular disorders (stasis, thrombosis), lack of blood supply / trophism of the relevant areas of the brain. The final stages of the morphological strategy of stroke are characterized by the appearance of foci of proliferation, astrocytes, collagen fibers, the formation of gliomesodermal, connective tissue scars, cysts.
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Ryu, DongHun, YoungJu Jo, Jihyeong Yoo, Taean Chang, Daewoong Ahn, Young Seo Kim, Geon Kim, Hyun-Seok Min, and YongKeun Park. "Deep learning-based optical field screening for robust optical diffraction tomography." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (October 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51363-x.
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Abstract In tomographic reconstruction, the image quality of the reconstructed images can be significantly degraded by defects in the measured two-dimensional (2D) raw image data. Despite the importance of screening defective 2D images for robust tomographic reconstruction, manual inspection and rule-based automation suffer from low-throughput and insufficient accuracy, respectively. Here, we present deep learning-enabled quality control for holographic data to produce robust and high-throughput optical diffraction tomography (ODT). The key idea is to distil the knowledge of an expert into a deep convolutional neural network. We built an extensive database of optical field images with clean/noisy annotations, and then trained a binary-classification network based upon the data. The trained network outperformed visual inspection by non-expert users and a widely used rule-based algorithm, with >90% test accuracy. Subsequently, we confirmed that the superior screening performance significantly improved the tomogram quality. To further confirm the trained model’s performance and generalisability, we evaluated it on unseen biological cell data obtained with a setup that was not used to generate the training dataset. Lastly, we interpreted the trained model using various visualisation techniques that provided the saliency map underlying each model inference. We envision the proposed network would a powerful lightweight module in the tomographic reconstruction pipeline.
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Hwang, Jun-Ho, Sung-Bum Kim, Man-Kyu Choi, Kyung-Bae Lee, and Chang-Kyu Park. "Clinical application of the optimized X-ray parameter model through analysis of disease risk and image quality when combining the ion chamber of automatic exposure control of digital radiography." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, September 15, 2022, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-221254.
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OBJECTIVE: To present an optimized examination model by analyzing the risk of disease and image quality according to the combination of the ion chamber of automatic exposure control (AEC) with digital radiography (DR). METHODS: The X-ray quality was analyzed by first calculating the percentage average error (PAE) of DR. After that, when using AEC, the combination of the ion chambers was the same as the left and centre and right, right and centre, left and centre, centre, right, and left, for a total of six. Accordingly, the entrance surface dose (ESD), risk of disease, and image quality were evaluated. ESD was obtained by attaching a semiconductor dosimeter to the L4 level of the lumbar spine, and then irradiating X-rays to dosimeter centre through average and standard deviation of radiation dose. The calculated ESD was input into the PCXMC 2.0 programme to evaluate disease risk caused by radiation. Meanwhile, image quality according to chamber combination was quantified as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) through Image J. RESULTS: X-ray quality of DR used in the experiment was within the normal range of±10. ESD of six ion chamber combinations was 1.363mGy, 0.964mGy, 0.946mGy, 0.866mGy, 0.748mGy, 0.726mGy for lumbar anteroposterior (AP), and the lumbar lateral values were 1.126mGy, 0.209mGy, 0.830mGy, 0.662mGy, 0.111mGy, and 0.250mGy, respectively. Meanwhile, disease risk analyzed through PCXMC 2.0 was bone marrow, colon, liver, lung, stomach, urinary and other tissue cancer, and disease risk showed a tendency to increase in proportion to ESD. SNR and CNR recorded the lowest values when three chambers were combined and did not show proportionality with dose, while showed the highest values when two chambers were combined. CONCLUSION: In this study, combination of three ion chambers showed the highest disease risk and lowest image quality. Using one ion chamber showed the lowest disease risk, but lower image quality than two ion chambers. Therefore, if considering all above factors, combination of two ion chambers can optimally maintain the disease risk and image quality. Thus, it is considered an optimal X-ray examination parameter.
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Røst, Thomas B., Laura Slaughter, Øystein Nytrø, Ashley E. Muller, and Gunn E. Vist. "Using neural networks to support high-quality evidence mapping." BMC Bioinformatics 22, S11 (October 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04396-x.
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Abstract Background The Living Evidence Map Project at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) gives an updated overview of research results and publications. As part of NIPH’s mandate to inform evidence-based infection prevention, control and treatment, a large group of experts are continously monitoring, assessing, coding and summarising new COVID-19 publications. Screening tools, coding practice and workflow are incrementally improved, but remain largely manual. Results This paper describes how deep learning methods have been employed to learn classification and coding from the steadily growing NIPH COVID-19 dashboard data, so as to aid manual classification, screening and preprocessing of the rapidly growing influx of new papers on the subject. Our main objective is to make manual screening scalable through semi-automation, while ensuring high-quality Evidence Map content. Conclusions We report early results on classifying publication topic and type from titles and abstracts, showing that even simple neural network architectures and text representations can yield acceptable performance.
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Gollee, Christian, André Seidel, Christer-Clifford Schenke, Arvid Hellmich, and Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "Development and extrinsic calibration of a 3D optical multi sensor platform using laser line scanner and a 3-axis linear motion unit." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, April 1, 2022, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4054240.
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Abstract The area-based three-dimensional optical inspection of workpiece geometries is the basis for quality control, maintenance tasks and many other typical applications in mechanical engineering and automation such as adaptive manufacturing. In the context of a cyber-physical approach for semi-autonomous post-processing of additively manufactured parts, this method provides the basis for an iterative manufacturing approach. Commercially available systems for optical inspections often rely on camera-based methods, which are, however, susceptible to reflections. This article describes an approach for developing an optical scan station that uses blue laser line scanners in combination with a Cartesian three-axis motion system and a turntable. The methodical procedure for an extrinsic calibration of the whole system is presented and the accuracy that could be achieved is evaluated.