Journal articles: 'Quality and assumptions'

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Smith, T. "Challenging assumptions about quality." Quality and Safety in Health Care 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qhc.11.2.197.

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Scott-Wittenborn, Nicholas, and John S. Schneider. "Assumptions of Quality Medicine." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 143, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2017.0257.

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Herszényi, László, Gábor Lakatos, and Zsolt Tulassay. "Quality colonoscopy: assumptions and expectations." Orvosi Hetilap 151, no. 33 (August 1, 2010): 1331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2010.28930.

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A kolonoszkópia a vastagbél neoplasztikus elváltozásai szűrésének általánosan elfogadott módszere. A vizsgálatok száma igen jelentős mértékben növekedett az elmúlt években, elsősorban a CRC szűrésének növekvő aránya miatt. A vastagbéltükrözés hatékonysága és biztonságossága függ a vizsgálat minőségétől; mind több adat igazolja, hogy a vizsgálatok minősége a klinikai gyakorlatban igen eltérő lehet. Az endoszkópia minőségének mérése javíthatja a betegek ellátását. Bizonyítékon alapuló, mérhető mutatók szükségesek a vastagbéltükrözés minőségének javításához. Összefoglalónkban áttekintjük a vastagbéltükrözés gyakorlati szempontjait, a fontos minőségi mutatókat, ismertetjük a témához kapcsolódó újabb ajánlásokat.

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Mahamah, D. S. "Simplifying assumptions in water quality modeling." Ecological Modelling 109, no. 3 (June 1998): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(98)00063-5.

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Box, George E. P., and Alberto Lucefio. "QUALITY QUANDARIES∗ †Models, Assumptions, and Robustness." Quality Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 1998): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982119808919174.

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Fieggen, Bruce. "Assumptions improve project and product quality." Quality Assurance Journal 7, no. 2 (2003): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qaj.221.

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Gervais, Raoul. "On the quality of auxiliary assumptions." Theory & Psychology 26, no. 6 (December 2016): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354316638764.

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In a recent contribution to this journal, David Trafimow and Joshua Uhalt (2015) argue against the tradeoff between predictive power and explanatory breadth. In their view, it is the quality of the auxiliary assumptions that allows one to make testable predictions; hence it is possible that theories of considerable explanatory breadth, when combined with the right quality auxiliary assumptions, lead to testable predictions. Unfortunately, they leave the notion “quality” unspecified. In this review, I consider three possible properties that might render auxiliary assumptions capable of yielding testable predictions, namely observability, detail, and precision. All three proposals are rejected. I end with an appeal to further reflect on the role of auxiliary assumptions in deriving testable predictions.

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Demirors, Onur. "Assumptions and difficulties of software quality movement." Computer Standards & Interfaces 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)92230-4.

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Schmidtlein, Frank A. "Assumptions commonly underlying government quality assessment practices." Tertiary Education and Management 10, no. 4 (January 2004): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2004.9967132.

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Schmidtlein, Frank A. "Assumptions Commonly Underlying Government Quality Assessment Practices." Tertiary Education and Management 10, no. 4 (December 2004): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11233-004-6065-1.

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B�resniak, Ariel. "Testing assumptions of quality-adjusted life-year calculations." European Journal of Health Economics 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-003-0183-4.

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Cramer, Susan R. "Assumptions Central to the Quality Movement in Education." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 69, no. 6 (August 1996): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1996.10114341.

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Klaput, Pavel, David Vykydal, and Jiří Plura. "Effect of Non-Fulfillment of Assumptions on Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Study Evaluation." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0064.

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Abstract The evaluation of the measurement system quality has already become an integral part of quality planning activities in both the automotive and metallurgical industries. An important assumption for obtaining the most relia ble results is compliance with the basic assumptions for evaluating the variability of the measurement system. The main goal of this paper is to analyze, how the failure to meet the basic assumptions influences the evaluation of the measurement system's statistical properties. This goal is achieved by performing a detailed analysis of the latest developments in the field of measurement systems analysis aimed at verifying the assumptions of normality and uniformity. The evaluation of the effect of non-fulfillment of both assumptions on the values of the most important statistical properties of the measurement system is performed using simulated data. Suitable graphical tools are used for practical verification of both assumptions.

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Ware, John E., and Barbara Gandek. "Methods for Testing Data Quality, Scaling Assumptions, and Reliability." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51, no. 11 (November 1998): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00085-7.

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Bringman, Jay. "Challenging Underlying Assumptions of Wrongful Birth." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 19, no. 1 (2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20191914.

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The concept of wrongful birth, which is based on the premise that a person would have been better off never having been born, is a serious matter for Catholic obstetricians, especially in the context of prenatal screening. This principle, in conjuncture with the belief that individuals with disabilities have a decreased quality of life, has been used to promote a eugenic mentality. Consequently, prenatal screening tests often are used to identify fetuses with disabilities, who subsequently are aborted. Not only is this practice ethically reprehensible, but its presuppositions about quality of life find little support in the medical literature. In fact, in the case of Down syndrome, there is considerable evidence to the contrary: individuals living with Down syndrome have a high quality of life and are accepted by their families. These data illuminate the discrepancy between how physicians portray Down syndrome to expectant parents and what the literature shows regarding this condition.

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Hoel, David G. "Assumptions of the HERP Index1." Risk Analysis 10, no. 4 (December 1990): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1990.tb00549.x.

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Murgaš, František. "Geographical conceptualization of quality of life." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0025.

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Abstract The conceptualization of quality of life in terms of geography is based on two assumptions. The first assumption is that the quality of life consists of two dimensions: subjective and objective. The subjective is known as ‘well-being’, while the objective is the proposed term ‘quality of place’. The second assumption is based on the recognition that quality of life is always a spatial dimension. The concept of quality of life is closely linked with the concept of a good life; geographers enriched this concept by using the term ‘good place’ as a place in which the conditions are created for a good life. The quality of life for individuals in terms of a good place overlaps with the quality of life in society, namely the societal quality of life. The geographical conceptualisation of quality of life is applied to settlements within the city of Liberec.

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Mellinger, Christopher D. "Re-thinking translation quality." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 30, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 310–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.16104.mel.

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Abstract Editing and revision are regularly incorporated into professional translation projects as a means of quality assurance. Underlying the decision to include these tasks in translation workflows lay implicit assumptions about what constitutes quality. This article examines how quality is operationalized with respect to editing and revision and considers these assumptions. The case is made for incorporating revision into translation quality assessment models and employs the concepts of adequacy, distributed cognition, and salience – and their treatment in the research on cognitive translation processes, post-editing, and translation technology – in order to re-think translation quality.

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Gleason, John M. "Questionable Assumptions in Terrorist Risk Analysis." Risk Analysis 8, no. 1 (March 1988): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01147.x.

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Bunch, Kay Jernigan, and Rhonda Palladi. "Assumptions about Older Faculty and the Quality of Higher Education." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 11401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.11401abstract.

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Busby, J. S., and P. W. H. Chung. "In What Ways are Designers’ and Operators’ Reasonable-World Assumptions Not Reasonable Assumptions?" Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, no. 2 (March 2003): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758203321832589.

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Bhayro, Siam. "Galen in Syriac: Rethinking Old Assumptions." Aramaic Studies 15, no. 2 (2017): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01502003.

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This article challenges a series of common assumptions regarding the Syriac translations of Galen: first, about the quality of the sixth-century Syriac translations; second, about the status and role of Syriac as a scientific language; and, third, about economic forces and the motivation for excellence in translation. Finally, the circumstances that produced so many incorrect assumptions, and permitted them to persist for so long, are briefly discussed.

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Daedlow, Katrin, Nahleen Lemke, and Katharina Helming. "Arable Land Tenancy and Soil Quality in Germany: Contesting Theory with Empirics." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082880.

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Soils are under increasing utilization pressure, and soil governance is an important element to maintain soil functions and prevent the degradation of soil quality. However, scientific studies about soil governance are rare. In this paper, we focus on the governance mechanism of land rent. Here, a major theoretical assumption is that landowners have higher incentives to maintain soil quality than leaseholders. By using data for German arable land at the county level, we contrast theoretical assumptions about the relationships between landowners, leaseholders and soil quality with empirical evidence based on correlations between arable land rent prices, rent proportions and yield potential. The main finding is that the empirical data contradict the theoretical assumptions to a large degree, i.e., no clear relationship could be discerned between the three parameters of arable land soil quality, rent price and rent proportion. We discuss possible explanations for the revealed contradictions based on the state of research and highlight the need for future research to better understand the potential of arable land tenancy as a governance mechanism for sustainable soil management.

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Zapechelnyuk, Andriy. "Optimal Quality Certification." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20190387.

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Quality certification not only informs consumers but also stimulates producers to supply better-quality products. We study a problem of quality certification in a moral hazard setting. We show that, under standard assumptions, simple certification systems, such as quality assurance and pass-fail rules, are optimal. Our solution method involves interpreting the certification problem as a delegation problem. (JEL D82, L15)

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Calhim, Sara, and Tim R. Birkhead. "Testes size in birds: quality versus quantity—assumptions, errors, and estimates." Behavioral Ecology 18, no. 1 (November 29, 2006): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arl076.

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Reis, Lara, Laurent Drouet, Rita Dingenen, and Johannes Emmerling. "Future Global Air Quality Indices under Different Socioeconomic and Climate Assumptions." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103645.

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Future socioeconomic developments and climate policies will play a role in air quality improvement since greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions are highly connected. As these interactions are complex, air quality indices are useful tools to assess the sustainability of future policies. Here, we compute new global annual air quality indices to provide insights into future global and regional air quality, allowing for the evaluation of the sustainability of climate policies. We project the future concentrations of major the air pollutants for five socioeconomic pathways covering a broad range of climate radiative forcing targets in 2100, using a fast transport chemistry emulator and the emission database produced for the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Our findings show that climate policies are very relevant in reducing air pollution exposure by mid-century. Climate policies will have a stronger effect on the pollution reduction timing, while socioeconomic developments will have a greater impact on the absolute pollution level. A 1.5 ∘ C policy target may prevent all regions from exceeding the annual average limit for all pollutants considered, except PM 2 . 5 . We emphasize the importance of considering exposure air quality indices, when assessing sustainable policies, as being more informative rather than a population-weighted average index.

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Specht, Hannah, and Eva Lewandowski. "Biased Assumptions and Oversimplifications in Evaluations of Citizen Science Data Quality." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 99, no. 2 (April 2018): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1388.

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Vermeulen, Arnold C., and Rob Delhez. "Line Profile Analysis (LPA) Methods: Systematic Ranking of the Quality of their Basic Assumptions." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.127.

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All methods of analyzing the broadening of XRD line profiles have to take into account two basic effects: broadening by the instrument - including the X-ray spectrum - and the characteristics of broadening by size effects and by lattice defects - including their interaction. These effects are handled in practice by a wide range of auxiliary assumptions. In this paper these assumptions and their quality with respect to "appropriateness of purpose" are listed and compared. By systematic ranking of these assumptions in accordance with their quality, a 2-dimensional map can be constructed that visualizes the differences in the quality of the assumptions. This 2-dimensional map brings a new viewpoint to the various methods for line profile analysis, because it enables a qualitative comparison of the assumptions of existing methods and new developments.

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Martz, H. F., and M. E. Johnson. "Response to "Questionable Assumptions in Terrorist Risk Analysis"." Risk Analysis 8, no. 1 (March 1988): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01148.x.

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Freudenburg, William R., Cynthia-Lou Coleman, James Gonzales, and Catherine Helgeland. "Media Coverage of Hazard Events: Analyzing the Assumptions*." Risk Analysis 16, no. 1 (February 1995): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00762.x.

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Freudenburg, William R., Cynthia-Lou Coleman, James Gonzales, and Catherine Helgeland. "Media Coverage of Hazard Events: Analyzing the Assumptions." Risk Analysis 16, no. 1 (February 1996): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01434.x.

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Löwik, M. R. H., K. F. A. M. Hulshof, and J. H. Brussaard. "Food-based dietary guidelines: some assumptions tested for the Netherlands." British Journal of Nutrition 81, S1 (June 1999): S143—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001002.

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Recently, the concept of food-based dietary guidelines has been introduced by WHO and FAO. For this concept, several assumptions were necessary. The validity and potential consequences of some of these assumptions are discussed in this paper on the basis of the Dutch National Food Consumption Surveys. The topics were interrelationships among dietary characteristics, nutrient density, diets in accordance with the guidelines, and food variety.To obtain insight into overall diet quality, a dietary quality index based on nutrients and a food-based quality index based on food groups were created and tested. As expected the results showed that a higher dietary quality index was associated with an improved intake of the nutrients included in the index, in particular a lower intake of total fat and cholesterol. This was related to a lower consumption of cheese, fats and oils, meat and meat products, and a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. The information obtained with a dietary quality index can be used to assess the feasibility of a particular goal in combination with other relevant goals and to obtain clues or confirmation for recommendations regarding food consumption.The food-based quality index created showed that a combination of several food-based goals (formulated in quantitative terms) was associated with an increase in food consumption, without a clear relevance for the dietary quality. Therefore, the formulation of food-based guidelines should be based on explicitly stated dietary goals. The findings regarding nutrient density were in the direction of what was assumed, namely a positive association between density and absolute intake, although the expected effects were not completely found. The results regarding the association between variety and dietary intake were characterized mainly by differences in quantity rather than dietary quality.The data indicate that energy intake may be an important pitfall in implementing food-based dietary guidelines, that ‘eat a variety of food’ can be an empty slogan and that nutrient density is positively related to the absolute intake of specific micronutrients. Further, the ‘absence’ of interrelationships among risk nutrients indicates that a selection process has to be applied.

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Vining, Geoff. "Technical Advice: Quantile Plots to Check Assumptions." Quality Engineering 22, no. 4 (August 31, 2010): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2010.502868.

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Vining, Geoff. "Technical Advice: Residual Plots to Check Assumptions." Quality Engineering 23, no. 1 (December 3, 2010): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2011.535696.

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Kubíčková, Dana, and Vladimír Nulíček. "Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/02.10.2019/003.

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The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

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Kawaguchi, Kenji, Jiaoyang Huang, and Leslie Pack Kaelbling. "Effect of Depth and Width on Local Minima in Deep Learning." Neural Computation 31, no. 7 (July 2019): 1462–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01195.

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In this paper, we analyze the effects of depth and width on the quality of local minima, without strong overparameterization and simplification assumptions in the literature. Without any simplification assumption, for deep nonlinear neural networks with the squared loss, we theoretically show that the quality of local minima tends to improve toward the global minimum value as depth and width increase. Furthermore, with a locally induced structure on deep nonlinear neural networks, the values of local minima of neural networks are theoretically proven to be no worse than the globally optimal values of corresponding classical machine learning models. We empirically support our theoretical observation with a synthetic data set, as well as MNIST, CIFAR-10, and SVHN data sets. When compared to previous studies with strong overparameterization assumptions, the results in this letter do not require overparameterization and instead show the gradual effects of overparameterization as consequences of general results.

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Friesner, Daniel, and Robert Rosenman. "The relationship between service intensity and the quality of health care: an exploratory data analysis." Health Services Management Research 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484053051915.

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This paper provides an empirical check of some assumptions used to define the quality of care in the health services literature. Specifically, we test (i) whether service intensity is the only important determinant of a provider's quality and (ii) whether higher service intensity always causes higher quality. Using a panel of hospitals from Washington State, we find evidence that rejects both of these assumptions. As a result, further work is needed to postulate a more general definition that does not rely on these assumptions.

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Bellenger, E., Y. Benhafid, and N. Troussier. "Framework for controlled cost and quality of assumptions in finite element analysis." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 45, no. 1 (December 2008): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2008.07.002.

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Torrance, George W., and David Feeny. "Utilities and Quality-Adjusted Life Years." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 5, no. 4 (October 1989): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300008461.

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Utilities and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are reviewed, with particular focus on their use in technology assessment. This article provides a broad overview and perspective on these two techniques and their interrelationship, with reference to other sources for details of implementation. The historical development, assumptions, strengths/weaknesses, and applications of each are summarized.Utilities are specifically designed for individual decision-making under uncertainty, but, with additional assumptions, utilities can be aggregated across individuals to provide a group utility function. QALYs are designed to aggregate in a single summary measure the total health improvement for a group of individuals, capturing improvements from impacts on both quantity of life and quality of life– with quality of life broadly defined. Utilities can be used as the quality-adjustment weights for QALYs; they are particularly appropriate for that purpose, and this combination provides a powerful and highly useful variation on cost-effectiveness analysis known as cost-utility analysis.

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Altshuler, Ellery. "Misunderstandings about older people fuel corona virus complacency." Working with Older People 24, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-06-2020-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore public assumptions underlying the apparent disregard for the lives of older people during the coronavirus outbreak. It attempts to dispel myths about quality of life among older people. Design/methodology/approach This paper integrates the author’s personal experiences as a doctor with data collection, which involved general PubMed searches for articles relating to the public response to the effect of coronavirus on older people; beliefs about the lives of older people; and issues of happiness, contentedness and quality of life in older people. Findings Some people have concluded that the lives of older people – which they believe to be of low quality – are worth risking to lessen the economic impact of coronavirus. This morbid calculation is based in part on the assumption that older people are less happy than younger people. In fact, the evidence shows that as people get older, they become significantly happier. Originality/value This paper asks readers to explore their assumptions about ageing and reaffirms the importance of protecting older people in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic.

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Brekke, Mette Falk, Karen la Cour, Åse Brandt, Hanne Peoples, and Eva Ejlersen Wæhrens. "The Association between ADL Ability and Quality of Life among People with Advanced Cancer." Occupational Therapy International 2019 (September 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2629673.

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Background. Occupational therapy and occupational science are founded on the theoretical core assumption that occupation and quality of life (QoL) are closely related. However, such theoretical core assumptions must be supported through empirically based research. Objective. To investigate the association between QoL and occupation, here self-reported and observed ADL abilities as a part of occupation, among people with advanced cancer, including determining whether self-reported or observed ADL ability had the stronger association with QoL. Methods. The study was nested in a cross-sectional study. The association between ADL ability and QoL among 108 people with advanced cancer was investigated using the ADL Interview (ADL-I), the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30). Results and Conclusions. Results showed that high observed ADL motor ability was associated with high QoL. In contrast, observed ADL process ability and self-reported ADL ability were not significantly associated with QoL. Oppositely expected, observed ADL ability had a stronger association with QoL than self-reported ADL ability. Thereby, the study to some extent contributes knowledge confirming the theoretical core assumptions about the relation between occupation, here performance of ADL, and QoL.

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Sielken, Robert L. "Driving Cancer Dose-Response Modeling with Data, Not Assumptions." Risk Analysis 10, no. 2 (June 1990): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1990.tb01040.x.

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Arisanti, Ike. "Analysis on Earnings Persistence, Independent Commissioner and Herding Behavior on Earnings Quality." JABE (JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS EDUCATION) 3, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.26675/jabe.v3i2.6846.

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This study aims at determining the effect of independent commissioners, earnings persistence, and herding behavior on earnings quality. This study employs a multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS as the statistical tool. Before conducting the hypothesis test, a classical assumption test is conducted first, determining whether the data have met the classical assumptions and may be applied to the regression model. There are four components used in the classical assumption test, namely normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. This study takes 80 qualified manufacturing companies listed with the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 as the object with a purposive sampling technique. The earnings quality variable is measured using ERC, the Herding behavior is measured using Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD), the Independent Commissioners are measured by comparing the number of independent commissioners with overall commissioners in the companies, and the earnings persistence is measured by comparing current earnings with past earnings. The results of this study partially show that earnings persistence variable, independent commissioners and herding behavior do not influence the quality of earnings.

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Beck, Matthias. "The Evolution and Demise of the Postwar Concept of Job Quality: an Analysis of Theories of Employment Segmentation." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9600700202.

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This article traces the evolution and demise of the postwar model of job quality. This model evolved in the context of theories of sheltered employment. It tied assumptions about job quality to the idea that the economy was separable into a stable and unstable segment. Jobs were typically described in terms of a dual structure, in which workers were either employed in the core sector with high employment security and high relative wages or the periphery, where jobs were low paying and unstable. Industrial jobs in large scale mass manufacturing enterprises, in this context, served as a benchmark for individual job quality. When the assumption of a stable sector of the economy became untenable, the concept of labour market shelters was modified and new models which accounted for flexibility in production were developed. This modification process progressively eroded the core of labour market segmentation theory. By the 1990s, both conceptual considerations and empirical evidence dismissed older simplistic concepts of stable demand, and suspended key assumptions about the cumulative nature of job quality. In terms of a Sociology of Knowledge, we witness the gestation and deterioration of an integrated set of economic propositions paralleling real and/or perceived changes in the economic environment.

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Amukugo, Hans Justus, and Julia Paul Nangombe. "Paradigmatic perspective for a quality improvement training programme for health professionals in the ministry of health and social services in Namibia." International Journal of Health 4, no. 2 (June 4, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v4i2.6164.

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This article focuses on the paradigmatic perspective facilitate the development of a quality improvement training programme for health professionals in the ministry of health and social services in Namibia. The study of this nature requires a paradigmatic perspective; this is a collection of logically linked concepts and propositions that provide a theoretical perspective or orientation that tends to guide the research approach to a specific. Assumptions are useful in directing research decisions during the research process.The study adopted a constructivism and interpretivism approach, since it involved understand the current situation of quality health care/service delivery at health care facilities, and explore and describe the of the health professionals; experiences at the health care facilities. The study was based on the specific information that was accepted as true, as obtained from those lived the experiences of challenges and constraints of providing quality health care at the health care facilities.The paradigm perspectives in this study include Meta – theoretical assumption which consisted ontological, epistemological, axiological, methodological and rhetorical assumptions. Theoretical basis of the study includes Dickoff (1968), Practice Oriented Theory; Programme development by Meyer and Van Niekerk; Kolb’s Theory of experiential learning; Demining’s model of quality improvement, Quality improvement policy of the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) and Centre for Diseases control (CDC) framework for programme education.

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Orekhovskiy, P. "Maturity of Social Institutions and the Questionable Foundations of Public Choice Theory." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2011): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-5-75-86.

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The last decade in Russia has been marked by an expansive growth of interest to measuring the level of institutional maturity and quality. These measurements are carried out through international comparisons, correlation coefficients between the quality of institutions and GDP are calculated. However, these estimations are mostly possible within the framework of assumptions of the public choice theory. The paper attempts to prove that this theory uses the same assumption of homo oeconomicus, as conventional microeconomics. Therefore, the public choice theory has the same shortcomings that may be attributed to the neoclassical paradigm as a whole.

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Finkelstein, M. S. "Reliability modelling for biological ageing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 222, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1748006xjrr65.

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Some stochastic approaches to modelling biological ageing are studied. The assumption is made that a random resource is acquired by an organism at birth. Failure (death) occurs when the accumulated wear exceeds this initial resource, modelled by discrete or continuous random variables. Deterioration in repairable objects is also considered. Two models are discussed. The first one is an imperfect repair model. It is shown that under certain assumptions the accumulated damage in this model is bounded. The second model is based on the shot noise process and takes into account the ‘healing effect’, when an increment of damage after each shock is decreasing with time.

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Wiwoho, Gunarso. "PENGARUH PERCEIVED VALUE DAN E-SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP SWITCHING COST DAN CUSTOMER LOYALTY." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v6i2.531.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of perceived value and e-service quality on switching costs and customer loyalty. The sample of this study is Tokopedia users who have made at least 1 transaction in the past month in Kebumen totaling 100 respondents. The sampling technique uses nonprobability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, literature studies and interviews. Analysis of the data used is the instrument validity and reliability test, the classic assumption test, hypothesis testing and path analysis using the SPSS 22 program for windows. The results of this study indicate that all items of each variable are valid and reliable. Both structural models meet the classic assumption test criteria with no multicollinearity, heterokedasticity, and normality assumptions. Based on the results of the t test showed that the variable perceived value and e-service quality significantly influence the switching cost, perceived value does not affect customer loyalty, e-service quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty, switching cost has a significant effect on customer loyalty.

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Rydzkowski, Tomasz, Iwona Michalska-Pożoga, Marcin Szczepanek, and Martin Kendra. "Lean Management – System Assumptions and Barriers to Implementation." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0078.

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Abstract In recent years lean thinking (also referred as slim) increases its popularity not only in industry, but also in the entire business world. There are many confirmed effects demonstrating the high effectiveness of this philosophy: a clear improvement of economic indicators, an increase in current satisfaction and the acquisition of new clients; better, stable quality of offered products and services; efficient organization of production; more effective management; high productivity of work and production; minimizing the costs of production and storage of stocks. Why is Lean implementation in our domestic conditions not easy and sometimes ineffective? In this study we will try to answer these very important questions.

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Stock, Andy, and Fiorenza Micheli. "Effects of model assumptions and data quality on spatial cumulative human impact assessments." Global Ecology and Biogeography 25, no. 11 (August 17, 2016): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12493.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quality and assumptions'

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