Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Qualité et l'authenticité des aliments'
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Barbera, Marcella. "Behaviour of rare earth elements in the soil/Vitis Vinifera L. system : geochemical approach for food traceability." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS352.pdf.
Full textThe geographic traceability of food products through the use of chemical markers is an important challenge to ensure quality and authenticity of food. In recent years, the behaviour of Rare Earth Elements (REE) has been identified as possible tool for food geographical identification based on their known capability of tracing pedo-genetic and petro-genetic processes. In this thesis, the behaviour of REE in the Soil/Vitis vinifera L. system has been explored using a geochemical approach. The goal is to understand if the normalized pattern of REE (REE*) can be a useful tool to trace the geographical origin of food. We focused on plants grown in both greenhouse and field using REE enriched and non-enriched substrates wondering if REE soil enrichments influence the growth of Vitis vinifera L. and the REE accumulation in plant organs. We found that the stress generated by REE enriched soil does not influence neither the plant mass nor the REE accumulation in leaves implying that REE polluted soils should not influence the amount of REE found in Vitis vinifera L food-products. We have, also, demonstrated that that the REE* in plant organs t trace enriched soil substrates discriminating plants from different soils of growth. This work allows to propose that REE* as potential marker for identifying the substrate where Vitis vinifera L. growth. Finally, discrimination of substrate enrichments suggests that REE* is a potential tool for quality and safety of other ecosystems. Our experimental investigation improves our knowledge on REE uptake in soil-Vitis vinifera L. system, highlighting the potential use of REE as biogeochemical tracers of environmental conditions
La tracciabilità geografica dei prodotti alimentari, attraverso l'uso di traccianti chimici, è una sfida importante per garantire la qualità e l'autenticità degli alimenti. Negli ultimi anni, il comportamento degli Elementi delle Terre Rare (REE) è stato identificato come possibile strumento per l'identificazione geografica degli alimenti, sulla base della nota proprietà di tracciare i processi pedo-genetici e petro-genetici. In questa tesi, il comportamento dei REE nel sistema Suolo/Vitis vinifera L. è stato esplorato utilizzando un approccio geochimico. L'obiettivo è capire se il modello normalizzato di REE (REE*) può essere uno strumento utile per tracciare l'origine geografica degli alimenti. Le REE possono essere accumulate nelle piante mantenendo la loro distribuzione nel passaggio dal suolo alle foglie o ai frutti, anche se le foglie possono incorporare i metalli lisciviati dalle particelle di polvere atmosferica in particolari condizioni ambientali. Tuttavia, il meccanismo di trasferimento di REE dal suolo alle piante è poco conosciuto. Ci siamo concentrati su piante cresciute sia in serra che in campo usando substrati arricchiti e non arricchiti di REE chiedendoci se gli arricchimenti del suolo di REE influenzassero la crescita di Vitis vinifera L. e l'accumulo di REE negli organi della pianta, testando l'uso di REE* come discriminatore di piccole quantità di REE nel suolo. Inoltre, abbiamo valutato il ruolo giocato dallo xylema nel trasferimento di REE e il possibile impatto fisiologico nella Vitis vinifera L. Abbiamo trovato che lo stress generato dal suolo arricchito di REE non influenza né la massa della pianta né l'accumulo di REE nelle foglie e abbiamo dimostrato che le REE* negli organi della pianta sono in grado di tracciare le condizioni del suolo arricchito discriminando le condizioni ambientali di crescita della Vitis vinifera L. Poiché REE* può essere usato per differenziare le piante da diversi terreni di crescita, proponiamo che l'uso di REE* sia un potenziale marcatore per identificare il substrato di crescita di Vitis vinifera L. Dal nostro lavoro si possono dedurre importanti implicazioni dal punto di vista ambientale. Poiché la quantità iniziale di REE nei substrati non influenza la quantità accumulata nelle foglie, eventuali suoli inquinati da REE non dovrebbero influenzare significativamente la quantità di REE trovata nei prodotti alimentari di Vitis vinifera L. Infine, la capacità di discriminare degli arricchimenti del substrato suggerisce che REE* può essere uno strumento potenziale per valutare la qualità e la sicurezza di altri ecosistemi. La nostra indagine sperimentale migliora le nostre conoscenze sull'assorbimento di REE nel sistema Suolo/Vitis vinifera L. evidenziando il potenziale uso di REE come traccianti biogeochimici delle condizioni ambientali
Camus, Sandra. "L'authenticité marchande perçue et la persuasion de la communication par l'authentification : une application au domaine alimentaire." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE006.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the conceptualization of the perceived authenticity in the merchant field and of the authentication process. It relies on the hypothesis that authentication is a full technique of communication; and so, it aims to measure the effectiveness of this process. Relying on the conditioning, the meaning and affect transfers, and on the persuasion models, we build a modelization reflecting the persuasive role of authentication. With two qualitative fields, two quantitative fields and a before-after with a control group experimentation with the systeme u retailing group, we introduce a perceived commoditized authenticity scale as well as the validation of research hypothesis relating to the persuasion of the communication by authentication
Berces, Sophie. "Congélation des produits végétaux : caractérisation des cellules et des tissus et influence des cinétiques de refroidissement sur la qualité des fruits." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0028.
Full textGlandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Full textGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Takahashi, Teiji. "La sécurité et la qualité des denrées alimentaires : étude comparée, Japon - UE - Etats-Unis : de la science à la confiance." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10075.
Full textThe legislative and administrative existing system for the food safety, which has not been well adapted to the new situation in the society of risk, was reformed in the EU, Japan and the United States at the beginning of the 21st century. The three territories have introduced the risk analysis based on the scientific principle. However, the notion of the food safety is different among three territories. The EU adopted the largest notion of food safety, in order to secure the food safety and to restore the consumers' confidence. In addition, the EU introduced the new measures that are not justified by the risk analysis, such as the traceability, as an important element for the high level of food safety. The United States adopted limited notion of food safety, in insisting that the measures should be taken by the scientific evidences. It, however, classified the new measures as the task conducted voluntarily by the private sector. Because of such difference of the food safety, the modalities of the application of the risk analysis are different among the three territories, in particular, for the precautionary principle and the consideration of the social and cultural factors for deciding the measures. The divergence of the legislation and regulations of each territory is attributed to such difference of the notion of food safety. In addition, it could produce conflicts in the international trade, although an agreement pertinent was adopted in the framework of the WTO. Japan should make clear the legislation concerning the food safety, so as that the Japanese position is to better understandable to consumers and to the foreign countries. Concerning the food quality, the consumers' interest has shifted from the negative quality to the positive quality. The later quality is achieved only by the control of the process of the production. In this connection, appropriate systems are examined and developed not only by the public sector but also by the private sector in the EU and Japan. These efforts give an affluence to the notion of food quality. The existing rules of the international trade are not well adapted to the procress defined products, including the European quality certification products. It is indispensable to identify and develop appropriate measures in order to respond in an effective manner to consumers' growing needs for the positive quality. In this regards, Japan that has not developed the food quality policy, should elaborate the concrete legislation to secure the food quality that is suitable to the Japanese diet habit and the characteristics of Japanese agriculture
Cordella, Christophe. "Caractérisation des aliments et détection de l'adultération : application aux miels." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4087.
Full textTo evaluate the quality of food, to highlight the chemical or physical differences between several varieties of the same product, to understand what makes the specificity of the floral origin or the geographical origin, to detect illegal modifications of composition (adulteration) which are likely a potential food risk for the consumer are missions of the AFSSA aiming at guaranteeing to consumers a minimal risk. Related to the theme "Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality of Food" of the Agency, the work presented here is directed in a first part towards the characterization of food in general, and then address more specifically the problems of the adulteration of honeys (falsification of honeys) by industrial sugar syrups resulting from various natural sources such as cane, beet and/or starches. The herein applied techniques were selected according to two analytical complementary approaches: global physical solution and specific chemical approach. These two analytical standpoints implied the use of various techniques such as optical and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM, ESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Bringing specific information, these techniques helped us to detect the adulteration, sometimes with more success than the methods known as official. The integration of chemometrics and data-processing tools (software developments) allowed the automation of tasks relating to the analytical data processing for a faster and a more powerful evaluation of the food quality
Richard, Christelle. "La divercine V41, une bactériocine de classe IIa produite par Carnobacterium divergens V41 : développement d'outils moléculaires et expression hétérologue chez E. coli." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2007.
Full textCarnobacterium divergens V41 which inhibits Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon, produces divercine V41. To study this class IIa bacteriocin, various tools were set up. Polyclonal antibodies generated against divercin V41 allowed its specific and significant detection and its purification by immunoaffinity. A mutant strain of C. Divergens V41 (C. Divergens V41C9) showed that L. Monocytogenes inhibition in salmon smoked by C. Divergens V41 was due to divercin V41. Statistical analysis of inhibition spectrum of class IIa bacteriocins highlighted important correlation between their number of disulfide bridges and their spectrum. Heterologous expression of divercin V41 in E. Coli with a synthetic gene was successfully developed. The recombinant divercin V41 whose two disulfide bridges, were reformed, was pure, soluble and active against Listeria
Sancho, Félix. "Evaluation de la qualité et sécurité des aliments issus des procédés industriels innovants." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10598.
Full textCourvalin, Corinne. "Le rôle du contrôleur dans un réseau hybride à mandat public et la gestion du risque." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100018.
Full textThis research, of exploratory nature, aims at understanding the role of the controller and the impact of his decisions, on the level of the risk management, in a hybrid network with public mandate. This role was apprehended starting from the analysis of food crises. Into final, it was proposed an exploratory model of epidemioprevention. The case-study method (six) was used. The bibliography related to control, the rule, and the risk. The results highlighted failures and internal deviances of internal control of the company, not highlighted by official controls. Failures were observed on the level of the external control exerted by the controller on the company. The regulation was observed inequitable, contradictory, derogatory and hypertrophic. The controllers resulting from the same Corps are characterized by a monoculture, a corporatism, and a situation of quasi-monopoly on the food control
Longuet, Patrick. "Le consommateur et le risque alimentaire : vers un modèle intégrateur d'équilibre." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0011.
Full textOur work is focused on food risk and particularly the analysis of the consumer behavior in a real risky situation. Our theoretical framework is translated from the models based upon stability, used in many other sciences. Our central question is based on : how to get a better understanding of the consumer behaviour in a risky situation?We have followed two major steps in our work. Firstly, a review of literature gives us the conceptual framework and secondly, an empirical study explore the dimensions involved in the crisis evaluation by the consumer himself. Our methodological plan used the scenario method, and we have both conducted a qualitative and quantitative study. We finally give the results of our work and try to establish the limits and the future possibilities for further research works
Megherbi, Mehdi. "Extraction et analyse de traces d'oligo- et polysaccharides - : application au contrôle qualité des miels." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10285.
Full textThe fight against the fraud in the agro-alimentary field is a permanent problem to warrant quality products to the consumers. The limited production and the high price of honey provoke falsification practices which are difficult to detect on its origin (appellation) and its composition (by the deliberated addition of cheap sugar syrup). The analysis of sugars, major : In order to improve the current methods for the authentification and the quality control of honeys, the search of new probes was undertaken by solid phase extraction and chromatography of oligo- and polysaccharides. In spite of the great variability of the compositions in these natural products, chromatographic fingerprints allowed to discriminate some varieties of honey and to detect adulterations from an addition of 1 % of sugar syrup. This approach leads new solutions and perspectives to certify a variety of honey and to fight against the falsification techniques which exist on the market
Fournier-Gosselin, Guillaume. "Étude du procédé d'évaporation des extraits de canneberge et bleuet sur la base des rendements énergétiques et de leur qualité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29847/29847.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this project is to optimize the evaporation of small fruit liquid extracts, a crucial step in the transformation process of nutraceutical extract production in order to increase its energetic efficiency while keeping a good product quality. The impact of temperature (55, 65 and 75°C) was studied over 3 main parameters; the energetic consumption, the vaporization rate and the extract quality. Its consumption was calculated based on measurements made on the state of the system and on the product. The vaporization rates were measured with level differentials on retention tanks and the product quality evaluation was based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method. For the energetic consumption, they increase from 0.358 to 0.373 kWh/l when passing from 55 to 75 °C. For the vaporization rates, they increase from 462 l/h to 902 l/h when passing from 55 to 75 °C. As for the quality, none of the extracts presents signs of deterioration.
Mendez, Lagunas Lilia. "L'effet des conditions variables de séchage sur la cinétique de séchage et la qualité de l'ail." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19090.
Full textOmer, Elsa. "Identification des substances migrant depuis des vernis à base de polyester destinés au contact alimentaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4086.
Full textPolymeric coatings, used to cover the inner surface of cans, can transfer substances into the conditioned food. This may include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), generally unknown structures, principally formed during the synthesis of the coating. NIAS have a wide range of physical chemical properties, which poses an analytical challenge. In order to increase chemical food safety of packaging, it is now necessary to produce qualitative, quantitative and toxicological data. This work aimed to contribute to the risk assessment of NIAS from polyester coatings by developing an innovative analytical strategy dedicated to their identification. This strategy combines the acquisition of a fingerprint by LC-HRMS coupling with the construction of a database, which allows for the characterization of the signals of interest. The initial fingerprint was supplemented by additional data generated from different GC-MS coupling platforms. The migration of the identified NIAS was then characterised in food simulants (simple matrices) and in foodstuffs (complex matrices). Thanks to previously unavailable synthesised analytical standards, this work was able to generated semiquantitative values in real samples have been produced. Finally, all the data produced allowed a preliminary assessment of the risk associated with NIAS from polyester-type coatings
Lavigne-Robichaud, Mathilde. "Indices de qualité alimentaire et syndrome métabolique auprès des Cris de la Baie-James." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27875.
Full textIndigenous populations worldwide are a facing heavy burden of chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular disease (MCV) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The prevalence of the MetS, a cluster of risk factors for DM2 and MCV, is greater among Canadian indigenous communities. Poor diet quality and important intake of ultra-processed products (UPP) have been identified as contributing factors to this problematic. Recently, new multidimensional tools to assess the quality of global diets, such as the alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI-2010), the Food Quality Score (FQS) and the dietary share of UPP to the total daily energy intake based on the NOVA classification, have generated a lot of interest. Although important epidemiological studies have observed an association between diet quality and several chronic diseases, these three diet quality assessment tools (aHEI-2010, FQS and the dietary share of UPP), have never been evaluated in relation to the prevalence of MetS among indigenous peoples, notably the Cree (Eeyouch) communities from James Bay, Québec. From the cross-sectional ‘‘Nituuchischaayihititaau Aschii 2005-09” study, 811 Eeyouch adults, comprising seven Eeyou Itschee communities, have been included in the present analysis. Diet quality scores, from the aHEI-2010, the FQS and the dietary share UPP, have been calculated from a 24-hour recall. The presence of MetS has been assessed based on the latest harmonized definition. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the relation between diet quality score quintiles and MetS prevalence. In our sample, MetS prevalence was established at 56.6%. A higher consumption of UPP was associated with higher risk of MetS (p-trend=0.04). A marginal association was found with aHEI-2010 (p-trend=0.05) while no statistical significant relation was found with FQS (p-trend=0.87) scores quintiles. In the context of Cree communities from Northern Québec, our results suggest that the dietary share of UPP, based on the NOVA classification, is the tool with the strongest association with MetS.
Jorat, Magali. "La traçabilité dans le domaine alimentaire et sanitaire : étude du devenir juridique d'une norme technique." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21041.
Full textAs a technical standard, traceability in food and health field has been appropriate by private and institutional actors imparting it, thus, a legal meaning. This progressive way from a normative system to another has been connected to the food and health crisis context in which standardization has shown its limits. On the same way, the legal aspect of traceability has connection with the precautionary principle and presents some issues in a field linked to the risk factor and to the transformation of safety expectations in and by the law. The latter has become a privileged way of risks management, which cannot be limited to a domestic scope ; European and international areas are also concerned due to the fact that traceability - and the question of food and health safety – are interlinked with the free movement of goods. Despite the interest of the new legal norm in the risks management scope, its appropriation by the judge shows that the law has difficulties to take up a technical standard. This institutional actor is referring to this new concept with moderation though the litigation complexity of risks and the increasing technicality of law encouraged a whole appropriation. Therefore, traceability benefits from an imperfect increasing legal meaning in food and health field
Cotta, Judas Tadeu de Barros. "Qualité des carcasses de poulets : aspects zootechniques, technologiques, microbiologiques et sensoriels." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20059.
Full textVindras-Fouillet, Camille. "Evaluation de la qualité sensorielle de produits pour la sélection participative en agriculture biologique : cas du blé et du brocoli." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARC116.
Full textIn order to enlarge seed availability adapted to organic agriculture and to meet new demands of consumers in term of quality, breeding strategies integrating intravarietal genetic diversity and sensory quality have been identified and tested for two case studies: wheat and broccoli. Concerning wheat, three varietal structures representing a range of genetic diversity have been cultivated on five environments. Observations from grain to bread have been performed to test the positive effect of diversity on stability of quantitative and qualitative performances. The results confirmed the hypothesis for agronomical traits. Sensory quality depends on environments and practices for wheat populations for which quality could be stabilised by progressive adaptation to soil and climate. Surveys were performed to integrate empirical farmers’ knowledge and know-how relative to sensory analyses. Results suggest the emergence of a concept of “bread terroir”, since the three studied factors (genetic, environment and baking practices) seemed to influence significantly bread quality. Concerning broccoli, a breeding strategy has been established to integrate sensory evaluation at each step of the creation of a breeding population expressing new and specific sensory traits (butter and nuts aroma). A participatory organisation of breeding process has been described for the two case studies to propose a range of sensory tools to be used within the framework of decentralised breeding process so as to integrate sensory quality criteria
Reynes, Max. "Influence d'une technique de désinfestation par micro-ondes sur les critères de qualité physico-chimiques et biochimiques de la datte." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_REYNES_M.pdf.
Full textGoullieux, Adeline. "Définition et analyse d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure instrumentale de la texture des produits biscuitiers : application à la maîtrise du procédé de production biscuitière." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD727.
Full textKwasiborski, Anthony. "Protéome et transcriptome du muscle Longissimus lumborum de porc : influence du mode d'élevage, de l'origine génétique et du sexe." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21828.
Full textBrunel, Olivier. "Les stratégies d'ajustement au risque alimentaire : modèle théorique et test empirique." Lyon 3, 2002. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2002_out_brunel_o.pdf.
Full textBolnot, François-Henri. "Mise au point d'un outil de maîtrise de la qualité en restauration hors foyer : valeur prédictive vis à vis du péril fécal." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10237.
Full textAlizadeh, Doughikollaee Ebrahim. "Contribution à l'étude des procédés combinés de congélation - décongélation sur la qualité du saumon (Salmo salar) : impact des procédés haute pression et conventionnels." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2017.
Full textThis work relates to the study of the effect of different combined processes of freezing and thawing on the quality of fish. Indeed, it is known that the formation of ice crystals induces a mechanical and also biochemical action (denaturation effect by cryoconcentration) on biological tissue. The salmon (salmo salar) was considered for this work. Different processes of freezing (blast air, contact, high pressure) and thawing (blast air, immersion, high pressure) were set up and optimised. The high pressure freezing leads to a partial denaturation of the proteins, which is evidenced by an increase in toughness. The high pressure freezing process leads to minimized drip loss during the cooking process. An important change in colour observed after the combined processes (freezing, thawing) and is mainly related to the use of high pressure. The results showed that high pressure freezing offers an interesting alternative in comparison to blast air freezing. This work permitted to demonstrate the effect of the different combinations of processes and can find its interest in the optimisation of industrial processes implemented for the preparation of cooked dishes for example
Orachunwong, Chawalit. "Essais sur la croissance et la qualité de juvéniles de Tilapia du Nil (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) élevés avec différents aliments naturels et artificiels." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT014A.
Full textBerto, Alexandre. "La nourriture, le mangeur et la société : les territoires de l'aliment." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS012S.
Full textFood act is built by the conjunction of sociocultual, physilogical and historical factors. The structural evolution of food behaviours during the XX° century has two origins : the substitution of the traditionnal process of food production by the industrial process and a new positioning of the eater in front of this change. The cost of food decreases drasticly as the offer gets bigger. The eater have to deal with a lack of visibility of the link between food and raw material. The utilitarian aspect of animal is replaced by a purely cultural conception wich is symbolically near of the human being. The opaqueness of the production system causes a special sensitiveness of society in front of food risks. Authorities such State or science produce dicourses which are intended to modify the food behaviours of individuals. There is a gap between the norms of those authorities and the expectation of society. The farm-produce industries rush in this breach by reprocessing some forms of the State or science discourses to confer to their products positive symbolic charge. The present food behaviours can be explained by the conjunction of these factors and particulary the gap between the reality of the modern process of production and the perception by the eater of this process
Toumi, Saïd. "Procédé de congélation des légumes verts : introduction d'une étape de présurgélation par immersion et maîtrise globale des transferts couplés eau/chaleur pour l'optimisation de la qualité des produits." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1592.
Full textLn this work, a step of prefreezing by immersion was introduced into the green vegetables freezing process in triple objective: higher quality end product , increase in the technical productivity and energy savings. Situated between pretreatment steps and freezing step , the immersion step consists in soaking green vegetables in a concentrated NaCl aqueous solution. This step thus allows a partial freezing , rapidity , individual pieces freezing (IQF) and reduction of dehydration losses. This work concerns the study of the prefreezing immersion step effectiveness on the quality end frozen product, according to the changes of the temperature, the salt gain, texture, the drip loss and the color
Féral, François. "L'État et les fraudes commerciales." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10034.
Full textCommercial fraud to be linked to merchant societies but their social and judicial system is as varied as complex. Having put an end to corporative bodies, the state administration is directly engaged in the repression of fraud at the beginning of the twentieth century. These penal institutions still constitute today the essential legal basis of its intervention. Progressively, one can notice a modernisation and an improvement of this control through a multiplication of administrative procedures. European authorities reinforce this phenomenon by extending and intensifying the control of authorities on the market
Herrera, Mendez Carlos. "Marqueurs biologiques de la qualité de la viande bovine : purification, caractérisation et quantification de trois serpines musculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21675.
Full textVallé, Michel. "Mise au point de techniques microbiologiques et biochimiques d'évaluation de l'altération de la chair de poissons marins et essais de modélisation." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10107.
Full textFilteau, Marie. "Étude du microbiote de la sève d'érable et de son impact sur la qualité du sirop." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28628/28628.pdf.
Full textDebs-Louka, Espérance. "Destruction des micro-organismes par voie thermo-mécanique contrôlée dans des produits solides en morceaux ou en poudre : application aux épices et aromates." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS049.
Full textDjossinou, Diane. "Alimentation et nutrition des femmes avant et pendant la grossesse au Sud-Bénin : qualité et facteurs d'influence." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG060.
Full textDietary pattern is an important and modifiable lifestyle that can influence individual health and well-being. For women, it is one of the main determinants of her nutritional statut, of embryo and fetal development. It is essential that women have a quality diet in order to reduce the prevalence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, before conception and throughout pregnancy. This is important and worrying, because it’s now a consensus that maternal nutrition influences the health of the child not only in the short term but also in the long term. In developing countries, studies are increasingly focusing on the assessment of the quality of the diet and the nutritional status of women during pregnancy, but very few follow up them from preconception to delivery.The present study, which has recruited 897 women before pregnancy, of whom 234 have been followed up to delivery, had aimed to assess the quality of the diet and the changes in women's diets before and during pregnancy. This assessment was made through the study of dietary diversity and the level of coverage of nutrient requirements in Abomey-Calavi and Sô-Ava dostricts in southern Benin. Dietary diversity score and his influencing factors, the energy and nutrient intakes, and the level of satisfaction of the recommended dietary allowences were compared before and during pregnancy.At inclusion, women entered in the first phase of follow up called "primary cohort" and once they were pregnant, they were considered to second phase called "secondary cohort". Women were included after a negative pregnancy test. They were received a 24-hours recall questionnaire at baseline and one at each trimester of pregnancy. Womens’ dietary diversity scores (WDDS) were calculated using the 10 food groups defined by FAO. Food composition table compiled, recipe table elaborated and a recipe catalog (with average quantification of each ingredient) allowed to determine their nutritional intakes in Benin. In addition to energy and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), a total of 8 minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and copper) and 10 vitamins (C, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and B12) were explored. Mixed-effect linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.The results showed that at preconception the mean WDDS was low (4.3±1.1 food groups) and the diet was mainly composed of cereals, oils, vegetables, and fish. This mean WDDS did not change during pregnancy and was equally low at all trimesters. Parity and household wealth index were positively associated with the WDDS before and during pregnancy. Women had lower intakes of vitamins D, B1, B3, B9 and B12 during pregnancy compare to preconceptional period (p<0.05). More than 50% of women had adequate vitamin intake only for vitamin D and B12. The lowest proportions (less than 10%) were observed for vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5 and B9. The median intake of magnesium, vitamin C, D and B12 achieved the RDA before pregnancy, because of large consumption of peanut, fermented seed of nere, of potatoes, chilli peper, pineapple, citrus fruits and mangos, of fish species rich in vitamin D such as catfish or salomon, of horse mackerel, crab and oysters. Higher than 50% of women were reached RDA for macronutrients, sodium, vitamin D and B12 before pregnancy. But during pregnancy, lower than 50% were cover recommended intake excepted for carbohydrate sodium and vitamin B12. Additional qualitative researches on determinants of women's food consumption before and during pregnancy in Benin are necessary. Actions should be carried out to provide Benin with a national food and recipes composition table. Women should be informed on the importance of nutrients and the food sources of these nutrients
Jha, Piyush Kumar. "Étude de l'effet des radiations électromagnétiques pendant la congélation sur la structure de glace et la qualité des tissus des fruits et légumes." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ONIR114F/document.
Full textThe objective of this study was toinvestigate the effect of innovative low energymicrowave assisted freezing (MAF) on freezing time,quality attributes (microstructure, texture, drip lossand colour) of apple and potato. MAF of apples andpotatoes was performed by applying constantmicrowave power (167 W/kg) and pulsed microwavepower (500 and 667 W/kg with 10 s pulse width and20 s pulse interval) during the freezing process. Thetemperature profile was monitored during thefreezing process, and the microstructure wasexamined using X-ray tomography and cryo-SEMtechniques. Other quality parameters such astexture, drip loss and colour were evaluated afterthawing frozen sample at room temperature.Results showed that the freezing time was notaffected by the MAF process. The application ofmicrowaves during freezing process producedsuperior microstructure than the control sample; MAFsignificantly reduced the mean ice crystal size inapple and potato sample. Moreover, MAF of appleand potato resulted in a lower drip loss, meanwhile,it also led to a lower reduction in firmness/hardnessand Young's modulus value if compared to controlsample. The colour was not significantly influencedby MAF. Among all the tested freezing conditions, the667 W/kg pulsed microwave condition yielded thebest result in terms of reduction in ice crystals sizeand retention of other quality parameters. Lastly,these results indicate that the application ofmicrowave during freezing would result in higherquality frozen products
Pailly, Olivier. "Facteurs de variabilité de la qualité du Kiwi ("Actinidia deliciosa" cv. Hayward) en conservation : applications agronomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20200.
Full textBen, Abdelkader Houcine. "Étude de l'impact des méthodes de séchage sur la qualité nutritionnelle et physico-chimique des poudres de fromage gouda." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28441/28441.pdf.
Full textAyour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Full textThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Aboudia-El, Mendili Aoutif. "Evaluation de divers outils qualitométriques pour l'optimisation et la modélisation de la mise en place de la méthode HACCP." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30003.
Full textIn food safety, the various links of the food chain are the main responsibles for the safety of foods. They have to take care of that their links works correctly and can base for it on the HACCP system. Although recognized internationally and described by various organizations, this method is applied differently according to the use which is it made. Three uses of the HACCP on the ground are identified: by companies to answer law requirements and customer ones, by the professionals for the elaboration of Good Hygiene Practice (GHP) and by the normative bodies for the elaboration of repository. Differences of application are found in every case. Consequences of those differences were perceived by their application to teh same process : the manufacturing process of the olive oil. Our work contributed to the evaluation of the various applications of the HACCP with the aim of the optimization and the modelling of its implementation
Nguyen, Dat Son. "Développement des capteurs sans fil basés sur les tags RFID uhf passifs pour la détection de la qualité des aliments." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951402.
Full textBerlinet, Cécilia. "Etude de l'influence de l'emballage et de la matrice sur la qualité du jus d'orange." Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003516.
Full textAl, Fata Nizar. "Conception et exploitation d’un dispositif expérimental instrumenté pour la prévision de la dégradation de la qualité nutritionnelle et de l’inactivation microorganismes dans les fruits et légumes transformés." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0265/document.
Full textCanning involves thermal treatments performed at high temperatures, which may alter nutrional quality of food products. Indeed, some vitamins, like vitamin C, are very heat sensitive.The aim of the project PREDINUT was to propose a decision support tool that predicts vitamin C (as indicator of nutritional quality) degradation in given conditions of time/temperature, in order to optimise processes.A thermoresistometer Mastia® was used to reach the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during canning. The impact of the variation pH, initial concentration of ascorbic acid or again partial pressure of oxygen in headspace, on ascorbic acid degradation was studied in model solution. Studies were also performed in apple puree, carrot puree and carrot juice in order to obtain a destruction profile of vitamin C in real foods. . The temperature range studied was from 95 to 125 °C, the fixed pH in model solution was from 2.5 to 5.5 in strict anaerobic conditions, and 3.5 in aerobic conditions (3.5 being the pH value of common fruits), initial concentrations of ascorbic acid varied from 150 to 900 mg/100mL, and the partial pressure of oxygen from 30000 to 100000 Pa. Foods were enriched in ascorbic acid (up to 450 mg/mL), and the pH value was not adjusted.Models were established to describe the kinetics of vitamin C degradation in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. En absence of oxygen ascorbic acid degradation was well described by a first order kinetics (except at pH = 4.5). In presence of oxygen the degradation speed increased with head-space oxygen’s partial pressure but very little with temperature. Apparent reaction orders varying from 0.5 to 0.75, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen in the headspace, fitted the data better than first-order.In foods, degradation kinetics of vitamin C appeared more complex, with eventual presence of plateaus followed by acceleration of the reaction. Definitely more knowledge on mechanisms is needed to predict ascorbic acid degradation in real foods
Dehaut, Alexandre. "Évaluation de la qualité-fraîcheur du poisson par des approches biochimiques (SPME-GC/MS) et moléculaires (qPCR)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10202/document.
Full textFreshness is a key parameter for the fish quality assessment. By the past, several methods have been developed, but they displayed limits mainly in terms of subjectivity and precision. The aim of this work was to search indicators of quality based on causes and consequences of fish spoilage. Concerning causes, the spoilage flora was studied by microbiological and molecular techniques. A first work allowed characterizing Shewanella baltica strains isolated from fish; one of the strains has the particularity to be H2S negative suggesting that traditional microbiological techniques might be limited. Then, a qPCR approach has selected primers tested during a spoilage monitoring study. Results show a linear decrease of the signal for the early days of alteration, attributed to the presence of Photobacterium phosphoreum, with good anticorrelations with biochemical methods of reference. Subsequently, consequences have been studied quantifying volatile amines by a method of SPME-GC-MS by defining the concept of partial volatile basic nitrogen (PVB-N) specifically quantifying trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA). This method showed for TMA an excellent correlation with a reference technique. PVB-N measurements allowed creating an indicator, DMA on TMA ratio, evolving in the early steps of spoilage. Meanwhile, two projects based of the analysis of processed fish volatilome allowed working on quality in a wider sense
Debure, Antoine. "Crédibiliser pour expertiser : le Codex Alimentarius et les comités d'experts FAO-OMS dans la production réglementaire internationale de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0054.
Full textThe scientific expertise, produced for the Codex Alimentarius by international committees of the FAO and the WHO, has a growing central role in the regulation of food production and international trade. It is this role and the questions arising from the relation between science and policy that this research work explores by analyzing the “credibilization processes” of expertise. The theoretical framework articulates Sociology of organizations, Sociology of science as well as central concepts of political sociology. The relationship between science and policy is known to be unstable. The FAO-WHO’s expertise is even more unstable with regard to its participation in the international normalization/standardization which has an enforceable power over national regulation systems. This dissertation demonstrates that the “credibilization processes” in which different actors are involved (experts, institutions, regulators, industries, consumers…) enables to reduce this instability. By engaging in these processes, actors obtain the resources to negotiate their position in the relationship to their advantage, and are able to avoid criticism at the same time. We consider the “credibilization processes” as a set of strategies aiming at strengthening “the subject’s ability to state and to take action”, a notion that exceeds the limits of “authority” and “legitimacy”, other central notions. Processes are grasped by analyzing strategies and behavior of institutions as well as experts in their transnational networks and in the course of FAO-WHO collective expertise. The “credibilization processes” rest upon three interdependent dimensions: a procedural credibilization, a collaborative credibilization and a deliberative credibilization. This research illustrates an expertise that is inseparable from the “credibilization processes”. The credibilization is both the result of interdependencies along the expertise, and a prerequisite for interdependencies to exist in order to produce an expertise. The “credibilization processes” analysis unveils a plural expertise, more specifically in between a “traditional” model and a “precautionary” model. Finally, this dissertation questions the relevance of maintaining science and policy separated; a separation always reasserted by national and international authorities, but remaining however implicitly adjusted in practice
Cepeda-Vázquez, Mayela. "Rôle des ingrédients et des conditions de cuisson dans la qualité et réactivité des produits céréaliers : le cas du furane et des composés odorants dans la génoise." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA040.
Full textA current challenge for food chemists consists in developing safe yet appealing food. This is particularly difficult in thermally-treated foods, like baked products, since a great number of compounds may be produced during heating. While some of these are of health concern, others contribute to other key aspects of quality, such as aroma or color, revealing the need of considering reactivity into food quality design. This work deals with the effects of formulation and baking conditions on the generation of furan, a heatinduced contaminant, and furfural, contributing typical aroma to sponge cake. Moreover, a holistic approach was adopted, covering volatile generation, physical properties, sensory evaluation and consumer tests, both for further understanding reactivity and optimizing product quality. This work is certainly an important step towards the development of novel strategies for qualitydriven design of heat-treated food
Denizot, Etienne. "Utilisation de la spectrophotométrie dérivée et de la fluorescence synchrone et dérivée en analyse agroalimentaire. Application au dosage des protéines dans le lait." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P265.
Full textDubeau, Claudelle. "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68411.
Full textContext. Although traditional foods play a central role in Indigenous Peoples nutrition and culture, their intake is increasingly being replaced by processed foods, particularly among younger generations. Other than their lower nutritional quality, processed foods may also contain chemical contaminants from food processing and packaging that are known or suspected endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and bisphenol A (BPA). In 2015, the project Jeunes, Environnement et Santé / Youth, Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!) was conducted among children and youth (3-19y) in collaboration with four First Nation communities in Quebec (n=198) and the objectives of the present project were to: (i) Document exposure to PFAAs and BPA in comparison to the most recent youth data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017); (ii) Describe the intake of different food categories that may contain PFAAs or BPA; and (iii) Examine the associations between food categories intakes and exposure to these contaminants. Methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires were administered, including a food frequency questionnaire, based on which food intakes were calculated. Biological samples were collected, and serum was analysed for PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA) and urine for BPA. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between food intakes and biomarkers of exposure to PFAAs and BPA. Results. Mean PFNA serum concentrations were significantly higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) for the same age groups among Anishinabe participants, where as concentrations of mean PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels were lower than CHMS values among all JES!-YEH! participants. Mean urinary BPA concentrations were also higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) in all participants. Dairy products intake was high in comparison to other food categories, and especially milk, among Anishinabe participants aged 6 to 11 years old and Innu participants aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 11 years old. Total dairy products intake was significantly associated with PFNA serum concentrations among Anishinabe participants and Innu participants. PFNA was likewise associated with ultraprocessed foods intakes among Anishinabe participants, whereas it was associated with wild marine fish and berries intakes among Innu participants. PFHxS was associated with microwave popcorn intake among Anishinabe participants. For BPA, a positive association was found with cheese and milk intakes in Anishinabe participants, and with wild marine fish, wild berries, desserts and processed meats intakes in Innu participants. Conclusion. These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
Pichon, Paul-Emmanuel. "Perception et réduction du risque lors de l'achat de produits alimentaires en grande distribution : facteurs d'influence et rôle de la confiance." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/686/.
Full textFor about twenty years now, food-related crisis have becoming recurrent, and the list of alerts and threats keeps on growing. Recent crisis and the spreading shadow of food fears have both deeply questioned the trust relation between consumers and various direct players of the food chain (i. E. Farmers, producers, food industry executives, whole salers and retail), but also indirect ones (government, consumers'associations, media). Even though the concept of risk is portrayed in various aspects in academic literacy, it appears that physical risk is predominant whilst consuming food. This thesis emphasizes particularly on physical risk, on the long and short term. This time differentiation illustrates well the whole complexity of food risk. Based on a survey of 400- over purchasers of beef meat in hypermarkets, this research permits a better understanding of the consumer-eater behavioral specificities in his/her perception, as well as his/her strategies at the purchasing stage. This thesis identifies notably certain individual factors (i. E. Anxiety, sensitivity to food crisis, self confidence) in the perception of food risk, in the long ans short run. This thesis demonstrates as well the usefulness of food risk reductors, those generated by the food sector players, as well the role played by trust in the risk- reduction phase
Couzinet, Laetitia. "Les filières agroalimentaires sous signes officiels de qualité et leurs territoires : étude de la filière avicole Label Rouge du Gers et de son territoire." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20080.
Full textFrance has developed a significant quality labelling regulatory framework known as the Signes Officiels de Qualité. Foodchain systems based on these institutional standards are a result of cooperation among the different actors of the foodchain. Research conducted on quality is today helping the social sciences to rethink the way they are studying issues related to the agrifood sector, and more broadly, the relationship between space and time. The Gers Label Rouge poultry foodchain, investigated here, presents the interest of being endogenously built within an approach of territorial development (local organisation of actors of the foodchain. . . ) rather than within a business context. This foodchain is confronted today with several major problems : ensure its development within its regional production area and respond to the increasingly rigorous standards for the Label Rouge
Tasset, Elise. "Services écosystémiques rendus par les prairies de marais et les prairies mésophiles : diversité floristique, qualité fourragère et stock de carbone." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC288/document.
Full textPermanent grasslands are recognized for the many agronomic and environmental services they provide. However, they are still plowed or threatened to be in favor of more productive cultures, or abandoned in the case of wet grasslands, where the conditions of exploitation are subjected to many constraints. Reconciling production and environmental objectives in order to maintain extensive agricultural activities is therefore essential in permanent grasslands. In this context, multi-service studies have been carried out in the wet grasslands of the Regional Natural Park (PNR) of the Cotentin and Bessin marshes (Normandy, France) as well as in a set of mesophilous grasslandsofcontrasting pedoclimatic conditions located in Normandy, Lorraine and Auvergne. The study focused on 3 categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) as defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: floristic and functional diversity as support services, quality and forage production as supply services and stocks of organic carbon and soluble carbon soil contents as regulatory services. In order to analyzethe role of plant community functioning in the ES determinism, the measurement of leaf functional traits was carried out at the species and/or the plant community scales. Part of this work focuses particularly on the relationships between plant communities functioning and forage quality, and soil moisture conditions impact on micronutrient contents of species in wet grasslands. The results showed that, depending on the functional group, SLA or LDMC were good proxies for the digestibility of wet grassland forages. Dicots have higher micronutrient contents than Monocots. Our results show that flooding influences the elemental composition of flood-intolerant species more than adapted species and does not affect biomass production. In general, the plant community functioning does not explain all the relationship between ESs. Forage quality is linked to the plant community functioning as well as thefloristic and functional diversity but only forwet grasslands. In mesophilic grasslands, the history of management or the landscape structure could be important drivers. In addition, our results show that organic C stocks in the soil of wet and mesophilic grasslands are closely related to soil nature. ESs indicators have brought together 4 distinct groups of wet grasslands according to soil nature and management practices (mowing or grazing). Overall, the ESs packages offered by wet grasslands are better balanced than those provided by mesophilic grasslands, the latter being indistinguishable from another according to the geographical location. Extensively managed grasslands provide better environmental services than intensively managed grasslands and equivalent forage quality
Akraim, Fowad. "Effet du traitement thermique des graines de lin sur la biohydrogénation ruminale des acides gras polyinsaturés et la qualité de la matière grasse du lait de vache." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7300/1/akraim.pdf.
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