Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Qualité de la vie – Palau'
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Gérard, Simon. "Les qualités des taros, la qualité de la vie. : santé, développement, custom et environnement : les articulations multiples du bien vivre et du bien manger dans l’archipel de Palau (Micronésie)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0164.
Full textAmong the many issues that the inhabitants of the Palau archipelago in Micronesia identify as urgent, food and foodways are central. They are locally seen as causing record-high rates of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, as well as being characterized as responsible for a “loss of culture” or feelings of food insecurity. Such a context favors the emergence of many ideas regarding what is a “good life” in Palau. Even more than the tubers produced inside of them, Palau’s taro patches, places where the local staple food (Colocasia esculenta, Cyrtosperma merkusii) is grown, are framed as key sites in order to ground practices of “the good life” and as carrying many answers to the pressing issues regarding cultural and social transitions, climate change, economical and especially medical problems.Through the description of taro’s qualification processes, starting in the taro patch and continuing into kitchens, markets and mouths, we wish to shed light on the many ways that food related practices are thought to structure local forms of life, informed by multiple and sometimes conflicting ideas regarding what “eating well” means locally. This dissertation then asks how horticultural technical practices can be regarded as part of a contiguous sequence including cooking practices as well as food incorporation, by focusing on qualities located in bodies as well as foods or environments. This dissertation wishes then to explore how the production processes leading to “good food” are also producing “good lives”. We wish to introduce thoughts about how concrete and material technical acts can also be ways to shape and structure forms of life. This work is influenced by recent developments in the anthropology of technique, notably works that insist on the ontogenetical nature of technical phenomenon, meaning that as much as a technical action produces and transform matter, it also produces people, personhood and relations (Sautchuk 2019, Coupaye 2013, 2018). In many ways this dissertation is part of a recent anthropology of life who is interested in the articulation of lifeforms and forms of life (Pitrou 2017)
Reine, Gilles. "Qualité de la vie et schizophrénie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20671.
Full textWe developed a self-rated instrument for evaluating subjective quality of life in patients suffering from schizophrenia : the S-QoL. The S-QoL includes 41 questions and 8 dimensions (psychological well-being, self esteem, physical well-being, relations with family, relations with frieds, sentimental life, autonomy, resilience), with a global index. We present the results of validation studies showing that the S-QoL is valid, reliable and has good responsiveness. The S-QoL has been compared with two standard instruments : the QoLI and the SF-36. In regression analysis studies, explanatory factors of the S-QoL are : paranoid symptoms, hostility, depression, age, previous comorbidity with alcohol abuse and depression, daily activities, and the number of weekly contacts with family and friends. Preliminary results show that self-evaluation with the S-QoL is not influenced by memory and executive function deficits but has statistical relationships with insight. The interest of self-rating has been verified by comparing evaluations of patients and referent health professionals. A preliminary study describes quality of life from the caregiver's point of view
Lazzarotto, Sébastien. "Qualité de vie des sujets âgés déficients auditifs : rôle, place et importance des déterminants de qualité de vie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0120/document.
Full textThe aging population in developed countries gives rise to considerable challenges in the health field, including hearing loss has a very important place. In France, about 5.5 million people are hearing impaired. Work has been conducted on the impact of hearing loss on the daily life of individuals with hearing loss related to age: communication difficulties, progressive isolation, restriction of social activities of daily living, mood changes, cognitive disorders ... The disability itself and all the consequences listed above will obviously have an impact on the quality of life of individuals and also those around them. The pair (or dyad), formed by the impaired person and his primary caregiver, itself defined as the person it considers most involved in his daily life, will thus be faced with the progressive installation of disability. This will gradually alter the relationship between the two members forming the couple and the social relations of the couple in general, be they family, professional or social at large. Each member of the couple will mobilize coping strategies of its own. In order to explore the various adjustment mechanisms within the dyad and understand the potential links between the nature of adjustment strategies on their quality of life, we performed sequentially at the following stages: 1. List tools for measuring quality of life of individuals with hearing loss related to age; 2. Identify the major determinants of the quality of life of these individuals and that of their close; 3. Examine the specific links between adjustment strategies used by each member of the dyad on its own quality of life and that of his close
Hardouin, Jean-Benoit. "Construction d'échelles d'items unidimensionnelles en qualité de vie." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011754.
Full textAmedro, Pascal. "Qualité de vie en cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5011/document.
Full textCongenital heart diseases (CHD) are the leading cause of birth malformations. The tremendous progress since the 80’s (neonatal bypass, prenatal diagnosis) have changed the epidemiology, transferring mortality from pediatrics to adulthood. Therefore assessing the health-related quality of life (QoL) of children and adults suffering from CHD has become an important issue, in both clinical research and patients’ follow-up. We carried out 4 prospective QoL studies in patients with CHD: a study in 282 CHD children aged 8 to 18 compared with 180 controls; a study among 202 CHD children correlating their QoL scores to VO2; a QoL study among 208 adolescents and adults with PAH-CHD; and a study among 111 children in a therapeutic anticoagulation education program aiming to measure the evolution of their QoL. Patients with simple CHD showed a similar QoL to that of the control population. Those with complex heart diseases were preferentially affected in their physical well-being but also developed mechanisms of coping in other dimensions. In pediatrics, the evaluation of the QoL by parents is essential, sometimes more accurate than that of children themselves. As in previous studies in adults with heart failure, we found a significant relationship between QoL and physical performance during exercise in CHD children. The results of our work should help cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and pediatric cardiologists in their diagnostic announcement, especially during crucial moments of this medical and surgical subspecialty: prenatal diagnosis, intensive care, transition of care from adolescence to adulthood, palliative treatment of a complex CHD
Võ, Thi Xuân Hanh. "Qualités et interprétation du profil de santé de Duke pour mesurer la qualité de vie en France et au Vietnam." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN11309.
Full textTazopoulou, Eva. "Évaluation de la qualité de vie subjective après un traumatisme crânien : relation entre qualité de vie, psychopatholagie, stratégies d'ajustement et reconstruction identitaire." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/145516857#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden traumatic event which generally concerns young adults. After the accident and their exit from the hospital, the injured experience a true rupture of their life. In the most severe brain injuries, they present disabilities like physical disorders, but it is the handicap known as "hidden (invisible)" that causes the more difficulties in their daily lives. This research relates to the study of the subjective quality of life of the brain-injured, evaluated by an international scale - the QOLIBRI - specific to the brain injury. Our main objective consists in studying, on one hand, the quality of life evaluated by the QOLIBRI in its validated French version and, on the other hand, its correlations with the psychopathological state of the injured, the coping strategies to the handicap and the identity rebuilding. The secondary objective is to propose an operating model of psychotherapy of the brain-injured. The present research makes it possible to point out the bonds between subjective quality of life, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, alexithymy, anosognosy, decline of self-esteem), coping strategies and psychotherapy. The absence of emotional disorders, the choice of adaptive and effective coping strategies, as well as psychotherapy, are factors which have a positive impact on the subjective quality of life of the injured and the identity rebuilding of those
Bergeron, Marie. "La qualité de vie au travail et sa terminologie." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5546.
Full textLafleur, Chantal. "La qualité de vie selon le statut de retraité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2263.
Full textLemelle, Jean-Louis. "Spina bifida, continence et qualité de vie : étude multicentrique." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN11313.
Full textAbassi, Hamouda. "Évaluation de la qualité de vie en cardiologie congénitale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0654.
Full textSurgical and medical advances in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CC) have improved mortality and morbidity. Currently, pediatric cardiologists are focusing on health-related quality of life (QoL) in children and adults with CHD, both in clinical research and in current practice. In the continuation of our research program on QoL in pediatric and congenital cardiology started 10 years ago, this thesis included three QoL studies in patients with CHD: first, a cross-sectional study evaluating QoL in 124 children with CHD aged 5 to 7 years compared to 125 control children of the same age and showing that the QoL of this patient population was similar to that of the general population; then, a comparative cross-sectional study in 555 children with CHD and 279 control children, assessing their respiratory function and correlating QoL scores to ventilatory parameters. In greater detail we found that forced vital capacity (FVC) in CHD children was moderately but significantly impaired compared to healthy children with a restrictive pattern for 20% of them; and finally, a prospective study correlating QoL with time in therapeutic range (TTR) in 121 children under anticoagulants included in a self-monitoring educational program. The results of this study found that the QoL of those children was correlated with the balance of anticoagulant therapy as measured by the TTR.Those QoL studies provided answers to questions from patients, families, patient associations, and caregivers in the field of pediatric and congenital cardiology
Falcoz, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Aspects de la qualité de vie en chirurgie cardiaque." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0007.
Full textThis work deals with different aspects of quality of life in cardiac surgery, particularly the relationship between quality oflife and morbidity / mortality data from a cohort of patients having undergone open-heart surgery. First, we compared the two most frequently used generic quality of life questionnaires used in cardiac surgery: the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). We then studied the potential improvement of quality of life and the assessment of the relation between quality of life and cardiac functional status (angina pectoris, dyspnea), one year after cardiac surgery. Ln the third step, we examined the evolution of quality of life in men and women two years after cardiac surgery and the assessment of predictive factors of cardiac functional status (angina pectoris, dyspnea) by gender. Finally, we discussed the issue of longitudinal analysis of quality of life and "the response shift"
Collignon, Patrick. "La qualité de vie chez les personnes sévèrement polyhandicapées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20683.
Full textQuality of life is an ethical concept based on utilitarian theory of ethics. In order to demonstrate that this concept is applicable for persons with profound and multiple disabilities we performed a textual analysis of french laws related to people with handicaps. This study highlighted the well known principles as normalization, integration, social role valorization, individual service plans, and selfdetermination. These principles could also be a component of quality of life. Then a computerised analysis of french regulations specific for medicosocial institutions caring for polyhandicapped children explored the place of quality of life in these texts. This concept appears clearly as an aim for professional practice, but it is never considered as an issue determining the allocation of sevice ressources. In fact quality of life cannot be a condition for the dignity of the person. There is no opposition between quality of life and its sacred dimension. Dignity must be inherent in the human condition
Diouf, Momar. "Valeur pronostique de la qualité de vie en cancérologie." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3018/document.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate the added prognostic value of health-related quality of life (QoL) inoncology and to explore ils utility for routine clinical practice as well as for design of clinical trials.In a methodological point of view, we will fïrst compare statistical and clinical performances of a model based onclinico-biological variables and a model based on clinico-biological variables and QoL scores.After validation of ils prognostic value, optimal cut-off points for QoL scores will be explored and revised prognosticclassifications including QoL measures will be built. QoL could then be used to guide treatment assignment and asinclusion/exclusion criteria or as stratification criteria in randomized clinical trials.For the different types of cancer, the validation of the prognostic value of QoL for advanced cancer patients will beperformed according to standard recommendations. The following steps will be performed:> Selection of prognostic factors based on univariable Cox models.> Multivariable Cox models using stepwise procedure. The number of variables entering the multivariable modelwill be selected in such a way that the thumb rule (10 events per variable) will be respected.> If a prognostic System exists, compare its performance alone with ils performance after addition of QoL factorsas well as other clinico-biological factors not included in the prognostic System.> Verify model hypotheses.> Assess model performance using HarreH"s C-index, Schempers V statistic, The NRI (Net ReclassificationImprovement) and the IDI (Integrated Discrimination Improvement). Perform sensitivity analysis after imputation of missing QoL data. Internai validation ofnew models. Find cut-off values for QoL scales to facilitate their use in daily practice.Three type of cancer will be studied: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Metastatic colorectal cancer
Rémy, André-Jean. "Elaboration et validation d'un indicateur spécifique de qualité de vie dans l'hépatite chronique C : comparaison avec un indicateur général de qualité de vie." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11038.
Full textGuerre-Dailly, Maud. "Qualité de vie au travail et performance économique : une analyse d’inventaire systémique de la qualité de vie au travail appliquée à la SEM VFD." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE011.
Full textThe implementation of a Quality of Working Life policy yields multiple benefits. From the point of view of businesses, it enables an improvement in economic performance via an increase in productivity and competiveness. For employees, it preserves the integrity of collectives whilst also reinforcing equality. More broadly, it responds to an issue of social wellbeing and public health, in contributing to more viable social security systems”.The SEM VFD coach transport company is confronted with numerous difficulties with regard to its professional relations (disengagement and de-motivation of employees, absenteeism and significant lateness, conflicting relationships with unions, recruitment difficulties, high turnover, etc.). It therefore needs to analyse the Quality of Working Life of its employees and to act to ensure their satisfaction. The thesis project was undertaken within the framework of an Industrial Convention of Training by Research (Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche - CIFRE). It consisted, on the one hand, of monitoring satisfaction indicators (notably absenteeism) in order to establish an analysis of the work situation and, on the other hand, defining areas of improvement in order to successfully implement a more effective management of human resources, simultaneously improving economic performance and quality of work.This thesis comprises five chapters. The first seeks to determine the risk factors present within businesses (section 1) and to evaluate their consequences, not only for individuals and businesses, but also for the community as a whole (section 2). The second chapter aims to identify the principal indicators that can warn of dissatisfaction and suffering at work (an entire section is devoted to absenteeism, a particularly revealing indicator). The third chapter clarifies the notion of Quality of Working Life (section 1) and demonstrates the links that it has with the performance of a business (section 2). The fourth chapter provides an overview of Quality of Working Life within VFD (via a Quality of Working Life Systemic Inventory). Finally the last chapter examines the issues surrounding the implementation of a Quality of Working Life approach (section 1) and defines the measures necessary to improve economic performance and wellbeing at work (section 2)
Babineau, Julie A. "La qualité de vie des personnes aînées vivant à domicile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9309.
Full textBastien, Véronique. "Qualité de vie des enfants pris en charge pour mucoviscidose." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11082.
Full textRaysse, Pierre. "Troubles du développement de l'enfant et qualité de vie familiale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30068.
Full textParents are the main child support during development and have to cope with the developmental disorders of their child over the years. Most of them reported high levels of burden following their child’s diagnosis. The subjective, multidimensional concept of quality of life (Qol) could be operative to apprehend how the domains of parental life which have been impaired may decrease the parents' abilities to cope with the main needs of their child. However the widespread use of the Qol concept contrasts with the lack of validated tools and studies about this issue. Our aim was to validate the Par-DD-qol, a French questionnaire devised in order to assess the impairments of parental quality of life.The 17 item self rated questionnaire was completed by 590 parents of 349 children with developmental disorders (autistic and non autistic). An additional approach of the cross-diagnostic validity was made with 304 parents of children without developmental disorders and hospitalized in paediatrics. Three scores were identified: emotional score, adaptative score and global score. The main psychometric features are presented. This short questionnaire has good psychometric qualities and could be helpful in routine clinical care. It is not specific and could allow comparative studies..The study of the content validity, the responsiveness and cross-diagnostic validity needs further development. Methodological and therapeutic issues, implications for improvement of family support are discussed
Minaya, Flores Patricia. "Qualité de vie des aidants de patients atteints de cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5048/document.
Full textFamily caregivers are an important element in the support and care management of patients with cancer. However this is not without consequences for the caregiver who is affected by the disease and the treatment of his beloved one. Therefore, this thesis aims firstly to assess the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers in oncology and secondly to question possible suggestions for its improvement. These goals have led us to validate a reliable and specific QoL instrument for caregivers: the Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life Questionnaire (CarGOQoL). We studied the stability of this questionnaire in different sub-groups, we examined the relationship between QoL of the caregiver and the patient, taking into account the phenomenon of response shift. and we carried out studies to assess the impact of the disease and its treatment in the QoL of caregivers in oncology in different contexts and sub-groups.The main properties of reliability and validity of CarGOQoL are satisfactory. Moreover, using the suitability indices, we can say that the CarGOQoL is stable. The results of our studies show a positive association between the QoL of patients and caregivers. In addition, the influence of psychological well-being of the patient on the caregivers' one was reported. The two specific studies of caregivers in oncology showed us the relevance of measuring the QoL of caregivers through the CarGOQoL. In conclusion, our results suggest that cancer impacts on the QoL of caregivers. Maintaining the QoL of caregivers is an important factor in their willingness to provide assistance. Health professionals must put in place interventions to support caregivers in order to maintain their QoL
Paré, Simon. "La qualité de vie scolaire des élèves du niveau secondaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2742/1/000685467.pdf.
Full textLarivière, Manon. "Évaluation d'un programme Qualité de vie en oncologie en regard de la qualité de vie des personnes de 50 ans et plus atteintes d'un cancer." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2270.
Full textBlanc, Julien. "Enjeux conceptuels de l'évaluation de la qualité de vie en santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5051.
Full textThe evaluation of quality of the patients' life is central in health, especially in Public Health research programs and policies. Many instruments are developed and discourses on health related quality of life grow in number and diversity. Several approaches and accounts of the concept coexist. However, this growth and diversity is synonymous with enduring doubts about the validity of the existing concepts of health related quality of life. In order to understand and maybe dissolve the confusion, we have first to agree on a common framework of analysis for the concept of quality of life. But, to our knowledge, this framework of analysis is not available. And yet this framework is necessary in order to explicit, compare and test the theoretical choices that determine the concept of quality of life, and most of all of the good quality of life, underlying the measuring instruments. It is indeed the conceptualization of value, of what is good in life, which is at stake. But this aspect is concealed: the approach of quality of life in health is generally but mistakenly conceived as value free or neutral. This concealment probably explains why a common framework of analysis of the existing concepts of health related quality of life is not available. From an understanding of the logic of value specific to quality of life, we try to develop such a framework of conceptual analysis
Lemonde, Manon. "Qualité de vie de personnes atteintes de cancer du poumon avancé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0026/NQ51960.pdf.
Full textHamon, Agnès. "Modèle de Rasch et validation de questionnaires de qualité de vie." Lorient, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LORIS011.
Full textThe assesment of quality of life has become an important problem in medicine. This assesment is aimed to evaluate the limitations induced by therapeutics on the daily life of patients. In most of cases, a questionnaire is administred to the patients in order to quantify their quality of life. Then, we have to construct a statistical model that links the items answers to an unobserved quantitative variable, here the quality of life. In most of the clinical studies, only linear linear modelizations are used. The purpose of this work is to study a new approach based on Rasch model[. . . ]
Torres, Emmanuel. "Le cadre de vie urbain : essai d'une économie de la qualité." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-201.pdf.
Full textThe rise of environment problems in cities will require in the years to come an important wave of investments in public and private sector in a context of an increasing social demand of quality. This prospect calls for an economic approach of urban environment. This research proposes to bring new implements to theories of environment economy based at present on the concept of "sustainable development", in order to deal specifically with the urban and local problems of environment. A relative and social conception of environment is used and the quality of this environment is considered as a local public good "coproduced" by urban planning and production actors, and by citizens themselves. We take stock of the possibilities of a monetary evaluation of the quality of urban environment, before to use a multicriteria evaluation approach connected to a local actors decision theory. The conditions of coordination and the regulation of urban actors behaviour are analyzed in relation to this quality. Some theoretical implements proposed in the research are applied to an empiric case : the agglomeration of boulogne in nord pasde-calais
Lantheaume, Sophie. "Cancer du sein non métastasé, qualité de vie et surveillance alternée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20127.
Full textObjectives: This research deals with the variability of the quality of life of women suffering from a breast cancer, thanks to the assessment of biological, psychological and social factors, of the emphasis of the role of alternative follow-up installed by the Institut Du Sein (Drôme-Ardèche) and the study of the link between these factors, let alone the experience of the post medical supervision. Method: Population: 30 women in remission suffering from a non metastatic breast cancer, aged from 36 to 78 and currently under medical control at the Institut Du Sein were involved in this survey. Tools: 1) A semi guided interview broaching the following themes: the sick person’s condition and her background, the development of cancer as for the illness and the expectations in relation with the aftercare ; 2) The Test de l’arbre (Fernandez, 2005, 2010) to assess the psychological factors associated to the illness due to regrouping of drawing ; 3) The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) (Zigmund et Snaith, 1983) assessing the symptomatic issue and its seriousness ; 4) The body image questionnaire (QIC) (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 1981) so as to assess the satisfaction of the body image ; 5) The way of coping checklist (WCC) (Vitalino et al., 1985 ; Cousson et al., 1996) assessing the adjustment strategies facing cancer ; 6) The cancer specific and social support questionnaire (QSSS-c) (Segrestan, 2008) which takes the social support received into consideration ; 7) The quality of life questionnaire (FACT-B) (Brady et al., 1997) to assess the general quality of life, all the general, physical and specific symptoms of breast cancer. Results: Using the transactionnel-integratif-multifactoriel (TIM) patterns of Bruchon-Schweitzer et Boujut (2014), it seems that certain medical history (educational standards, young age, dependent children, mastectomy and hormonotherapy in the treatment) and factors linked to the psychological adaptability (coping, perceived social support) adding psychological factors linked (anxiety, physical, body image) have direct consequences on the quality of life and its impacts. No mediator effect of the transactional factors was to be found between antecedent and quality of life. Conclusion: The TIM pattern is both adapted and promising: some links between the different factors and how the patients experienced the post medical aftercare were brought into the fore. The assessment of anxiety, depression and body image of the patients at each step of the illness (at the time of the diagnosis, at the end of the treatment and during the remission period) must be automatically done. Some adjustments of the alternative follow-up might be necessary at the Institut Du Sein
Labbé, Louise. "Évolution de la qualité de vie des personnes déficientes intellectuelles désinstitutionnalisées." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5429/1/000590846.pdf.
Full textLataste, Dominique. "Qualité de vie avant et aprés fulguration du faisceau de His." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M051.
Full textBabin, Emmanuel. ""La découration" ou la qualité de vie après une laryngectomie totale." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1467.
Full textFrançois, Clément. "Qualité de vie et coûts des troubles anxieux : évaluation de la qualité de vie et des coûts des troubles anxieux spécifiques : trouble anxieux généralisé et phobie sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20712.
Full textAnxiety disorders are unique among all chronic conditions, both physical and mental, inhaving a combination of very high prevalence, early age at onset, high chronicity, andsubstantial role impairment. Anxiety disorder was mostly evaluated of a clinical standpoint;the impact of subtypes on the quality of life and costs were generally less studied, especiallyon long-term impact, and studies show large variations of cost estimates. It is interesting toevaluate these subtypes of anxiety disorder from the point of view of health related quality oflife and the objective parameters of health care consumption and costs. The consequences ofrelapse are of particular importance due to the chronicity of these disorders. We measured thecosts associated with all subtypes of anxiety disorders, using an extraction of a U.S.administrative database on hundreds of thousands of patients, and thus allowed to have anaccurate estimate of medical costs, compared the costs associated with different diagnoses ofanxiety, compared with those of the depressive episode, and studied the dynamic relationshipbetween anxiety disorders and depression. We then studied the evolution of the impact onquality of life and functioning of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia throughtwo randomised clinical trials and found in these tests associated utilities to health states.Increased research efforts are needed to provide prospective data on the dynamic aspect ofAnxiety Disorders and Depression, and to also measure the indirect costs in clinical practice
Lemoine, Lise. "L'insertion professionnelle d'adultes porteurs de trisomie 21 : liens entre profils cognitifs, contexte de vie, autonomie et qualité de vie." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21018.
Full textIt is acknowledged that the employment of adults with trisomy 21 (AT21) is beneficial in terms of autonomy and quality of life. While the issue is becoming more and more topical - most notably as a result of increased life expectancy - the employment of AT21s is also described as particularly difficult by workers in the field and has received little attention from researchers, especially not when seen in the specific context of the AT21s' cognitive abilities. The primary objective of this work is therefore to evaluate the cognitive abilities of AT21s (memory, language, reading, data processing and autonomy), their quality of life and that of their family depending on their type of employment. The sample comprises 32 AT21s aged from 20 to 35, equally divided between 4 living environments - sheltered or ordinary employment vs. occupational centres or return to a home environment - and members of their families (57 parents and 43 siblings). For each of the abilities studied, essential results show quantitative differences depending on the type of living environment, but the cognitive profile of AT21s appears very homogeneous. If there is a global connexion between employment and quality of life, this connexion is neither simple nor direct and requires an understanding of the dynamic interplay of work environment, the abilities of the subjects and specific family situations
Maglio, Milena. "Éthique de la sacralité de la vie, éthique de la qualité de la vie : généalogie d'une opposition théorique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAP005.
Full textThe debate between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic has been at the core of bioethical discussions (especially those in English) for forty years. It is generally considered that the sanctity of life is an ancient ethic which belongs to the Judeo-Christian and to the Hippocratic traditions. The quality of life, for its part, is commonly understood as a modern ethic which was born with the scientific and technological development of the medical field started sixty years ago. It is then stated that the difference between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic depends on the value that each ethic assigns to human life. A moral judgment about subjects as abortion, euthanasia, the withholding and withdrawal of life support, and so on, is supposed to result from this value. The literature on the subject is abundant, and the expressions “sanctity of life” and quality of life” are often used, but the meaning and the scope of these ethics remain sometimes unclear. This fact becomes more evident in the public debates, especially in the well-known cases. What (human) life, sanctity (of life), and quality (of life) mean? These questions rarely receive the same answer.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the validity of the opposition between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic with a genealogical approach and an archaeological method. The common idea of the sanctity of life is, first, analyzed to find its multiple and heterogeneous “descents” [provenances]. These “descends”, then, are put into context, focusing on the conditions in which the expression “sanctity of life” was mobilized, and on the discourses that opposed to it. This framework, finally, allows to bring a fresh look at the advent of the debate between sanctity of life ethic and quality of life ethic, as well as at its emergence and reconfiguration in bioethics. The challenge is to provide new keys for thinking differently the contemporary debate
Perault, Pascal. "Qualite de la vie : historique, concepts et methodologie : interet en medecine et en psychiatrie." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M083.
Full textToussaint, Emmanuelle. "Étude exploratoire de la qualité de vie des enfants accueillis en foyer au titre de la protection de l'enfance : qualité de vie, représentations d'attachement et problèmes de comportement." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3006.
Full textDorval, Michel. "Qualité de vie des survivantes à long terme d'un cancer du sein." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26056.pdf.
Full textDa, silva Simon. "Diffusion Vidéo avec une Meilleure Qualité d'Expérience et Respectant la Vie Privée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0140.
Full textVideo streaming is expected to exceed 82% of all Internet traffic in 2022.There are two reasons for this success: the multiplication of video sources and the pervasiveness of high quality Internet connections.Dominating video streaming platforms rely on large-scale infrastructures to cope with an increasing demand for high quality of experience and high-bitrate content.However, the usage of video streaming platforms generates sensitive personal data (the history of watched videos), which leads to major threats to privacy.Hiding the interests of users from servers and edge-assisting devices is necessary for a new generation of privacy-preserving streaming services.This thesis aims at proposing a new approach for multiple-source live adaptive streaming by delivering video content with a high quality of experience to its users (low start-up delay, stable high-quality stream, no playback interruptions) while enabling privacy preservation (leveraging trusted execution environments)
Hennebel, Jean-Michel. "La qualité de vie : questionnement existentiel : enjeux et problèmes posés par l'évaluation." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H015.
Full textWell-being, happiness, quality of life form a conceptual whole that has gradually been installed in everyday language without really involving the deep meaning of each of these semantic pieces. Within this set, the quality of life is even a banal expression, self-evident as it is used in many areas and activities of life, particularly daily, especially in the medical field. Yet the association of quality and life to form the concept of quality of life is the subject of several difficulties. Definitional first, because the fact is often made that quality and life are terms beyond a precise definition so that their association adds to the indecision. Evaluative then, because in the world of health, but not only, evaluative passion has seized the need to measure the true scope for the subject in pain. The case of the brain-damaged child is, from this point of view, paradigmatic, as it is difficult to accurately measure what is happening to his perception of his quality of life. Lastly, paradoxical insofar as this evaluation relies on the quantification of qualities thus mathematizing perceptions which are above all of the order of a deep subjectivity, itself subject to evanescence. So we think that authentic evaluative diving, in the depth of the subjective being, can only pass through the capture of the expression of its creative forces that structure and shape the work of one's own life. They are all too rarely or even insufficiently exploited by caregivers who are rightly looking for the most complete capture possible of the patient's real perception of his quality of life
Sarrade, Catherine. "Qualité de vie et traumatisme cranien grave : possibilites et limites de l'évaluation." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M152.
Full textRaghavan, Prathama. "Autisme en Inde : interventions, qualité de vie des mères et représentations sociales." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30049.
Full textAutism has been now established to be universal and several studies have confirmed the presence of Autism in India. There are an increasing number of studies in India but there is not much precise information on the most commonly used intervention techniques. The quality of life of parents of children with autism is an area of research that has not been sufficiently exploited despite its potential to influence intervention techniques and its adaptation to the child's and the family's unique situation. Social representations of autism will allow us to identify cognitions of parents and professionnels related to autism. In this study, we describe the characteristics of 15 children with autism, the quality of life of their mothers and the intervention techniques used. We also study the relationship between these three factors. A comparative study of these aspects between India and France is done. The results show links between the hours of interventions and the children's adaptive behaviour and psychological characteristics as well as with the quality of life of mothers. The comparative study shows differences in adaptive behaviour and intervention techniques between the two countries.A second part of the study deals with social representation of autism in 30 parents and professionals of autism. This study shows differences in the representations between the two groups
Vannson, Nicolas. "Surdité unilatérale : approches psychoacoustique, qualité de vie et neuroimagerie fonctionnelle par IRMf." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30055/document.
Full textObjectives: We evaluated the consequences of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) for speech recognition in spatially separated competing noise, quality of life and brain activity via fMRI. In the first study we investigated the relationship between speech recognition and quality of life (Study 1), and in the second between speech recognition and the reorganization of brain activity. Materials and methods: In the first study 49 UHL subjects and 11 controls were recruited. Speech recognition in three speech and noise configurations was assessed with the FrMatrix test and quality of life with the Speech Spatial and Quality of Hearing Scale (SSQ) and the Glasgow Health Status Inventory. In the second study, 14 UHL and 14 matched controls were recruited. They underwent the same speech recognition testing as in the first study and also participated in a fMRI experiment that involved actively listening to naturals sounds. Results: The first study showed a significant correlation (r = 0.38) between SSQ scores and speech recognition where the competing noise was send to the better ear and the noise contralaterally (dichotic). The second study showed a significant correlation (r = 0.66) between speech recognition scores (dichotic listening situation)and brain reorganization. Conclusion: Unilateral hearing loss induces brain reorganization that significantly correlates with deficits in speech recognition in noise and overall quality of life. This work highlights the need for greater attention to improve the understanding and rehabilitation of unilateral hearing loss
Prigent, Amélie. "Qualité de vie des usagers des services de psychiatrie et facteurs associés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T047/document.
Full textBACKGROUND: Assessment criteria which take patients’ perceptions into account, such as quality of life, are becoming increasingly important in health services assessment and policy and clinical decision-making. Despite the fact that mental disorders represent a significant burden in terms of prevalence and economic consequences, there is a lack of knowledge regarding quality of life of patients cared for by mental health care services which impedes informed decision-making in the field of psychiatry.OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to measure quality of life using utility scores of people cared for by mental health care services in France; to assess the loss of quality of life attributable to mental disorders; and to identify factors associated with quality of life.MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a literature review describing quality of life tools used in the field of mental health, we undertook a survey to measure the quality of life of people suffering from mental disorders who were treated in the general psychiatric sector using two tools and the corresponding utility scores: the SF-36, allowing calculation of utility scores by the SF-6D, and the EQ-5D. We compared them in terms of performance, and we assessed their consistency. We evaluated the quality of life loss attributable to mental disorders considering data from the French general population-based survey on health and disabilities as a reference. Finally, we used several models adapted to the specificities of the utility score distributions to identify socio-demographic, clinical and mental health care utilization characteristics associated with quality of life.RESULTS: 212 patients were included. The mean utility score was 0.684 when assessed by the SF-6D, and 0.624 when assessed by the EQ-5D. Utility scores of patients suffering from mental disorders were 11% lower than those of the general population. Being a woman and being severely ill were factors associated with lower utility scores using both tools. In comparison with no hospitalization, voluntary hospitalization within the past 12 months was associated with lower SF-6D utility scores, whereas part-time hospitalization was linked with higher SF-6D utility scores. SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores showed poor agreement in measuring quality of life. These instruments were similar in terms of acceptability as well as discriminant and convergent validity; however, the EQ-5D showed lower sensitivity, illustrated by a ceiling effect, and the models used to study factors associated with this score showed poor performances.CONCLUSION: We objectivized the negative impact of mental disorders on quality of life. Considering the significant differences identified between the SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores, the choice of the most adapted instrument constitutes a major issue. The lack of sensitivity of the EQ-5D and the difficulties experienced in finding a model adapted to the specificities of this score would suggest that the SF-6D is better suited to the field of mental health. However, our results must be confirmed by analysis on larger samples
Septans, Anne-lise. "Méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la qualité de vie adaptée à la fin de vie des patients atteints d'un cancer." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3004/document.
Full textIn the last thirty years, health related quality of life has become an unavoidable endpoint in a clinical research context and in a therapeutic individualization context. Quality of life evaluation allows us to consider patient health care perceptions; in respect to physical or symptomatic domains or in respect to psychological, social or environmental domains. In a specific end of life context, where treatment opportunities are limited and adverse events could be extremely disabling, the evaluation of the quality of life is obvious. To distinguish more precisely the methodological subtleties of the evaluation of cancer patient end of life quality of life, it seemed important, firstly, to present the concept of health related quality of life, in order to define the main elements concerning both understanding and use of quality of life assessment (definition, conceptualization, tools, measuring instruments, analysis). Because the end of life is a specific time, we sought to define secondly, the time frame of this period, and therefore defined more precisely patient characteristics. It was essential to take into account the specificity of these patients to best evaluate their quality of life.Research related articles are presented in a second part of this work and discussed there afterThis work underlines the necessity to develop measuring instruments to permit quality of life evaluation in a context of end of life with respecting both patient needs and methodological requirements
Hallier-Nader, Brigitte. "Les territoires de vie des 75 ans et plus à Paris : quel environnement urbain pour une qualité de vie durable ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693313.
Full textEinaudi, De Siano Marie-Ange. "Comment les médecins perçoivent-ils la qualité de vie ? : Questionnement éthique en néonatologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5101.
Full textExtremely preterm children oucome is marked by the development of severe complications than can affect the quality of life of the children and their families. The coverage of these children brings decisional dilemma to physicians. While international data on preterm children quality of life are available, French preterm children quality of life remains unexplored. Quality of life is nevertheless a part of the ethical reflection of the professionals of perinatal period.Quality of life is a recent concept proposed as a criterion for evaluating care strategies but its use remains limited. Few published works have investigated the reasons for this limited use. In the field of prematurity, no data exploring these obstacles have been reported.Because of the lack of data on French preterm children quality of life and on the perception of physicians who manage preterm children, we decide to explore physicians’ perspective on the health related quality of life of extremely preterm children and the place of quality of life in ethical reflection in perinatal medicine.Our study consists in three parts: 1. A study describing health related quality of life of a cohort of French preterm children aged 6-10 years. 2. The study of physicians’ perception on health related quality of life assessment in preterm children. 3. The ethical approach of quality of life from the physicians’ perception
Labenne, Amaury. "Méthodes de réduction de dimension pour la construction d'indicateurs de qualité de vie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0239/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop and suggest new dimensionreduction methods to construct composite indicators on a municipal scale. The developedstatistical methodology highlights the consideration of the multi-dimensionalityof the quality of life concept, with a particular attention on the treatment of mixeddata (quantitative and qualitative variables) and the introduction of environmentalconditions. We opt for a variable clustering approach and for a multi-table method(multiple factorial analysis for mixed data). These two methods allow to build compositeindicators that we propose as a measure of living conditions at the municipalscale. In order to facilitate the interpretation of the created composite indicators, weintroduce a method of selections of variables based on a bootstrap approach. Finally,we suggest the clustering of observations method, named hclustgeo, which integratesgeographical proximity constraints in the clustering procedure, in order to apprehendthe spatiality specificities better
Goguey-Kerner, Dominique. "La qualité de la vie dans la civilisation romaine d'Auguste à Marc-Aurèle." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOL002.
Full textThis research was conducted at a time of growing concern about the negative aspects of our urbanized affluent society. The question is whether imperial Rome a metropolis of almost one million people, brought about environmental problems and certain forms of rejection. The period under consideration is the empire from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to a list of environmental problems such as noise, traffic congestion, the accumulation of refuse, fires, etc. . . With special emphasis on the reactions triggered by these factors, some of which had already been studied (homo). Whereas the more negative elements aroused moderate reactions, others, habitually considered as material improvements, brought about more violent forms of refusal "luxuria" was denounced in all fields of activity: food, entertainment, architecture. The reaction seems to have been out of proportion with its actual causes. In the second part we have tried to find out whether, by way of reaction, the traditional natural values such as air, water and light had been idealized. As a matter of fact we have been confronted with an ambivalent set of values and it has proved impossible to discover the myth of the thorough goodness and purity of nature. Our last attempt has been to throw some light on the relationship the romans had worked out with nature, through the analysis of the standards they set for themselves as for as natural sceneries were concerned
Bolzinger, Emmanuel. "Mastectomie, reconstruction immédiate dans les néoplasies mammaires : étude de la qualité de vie." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11119.
Full textClerjeau-Blayac, Ida. "Enquête sur la qualité de vie des obèses dans un centre de détiétique." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11116.
Full textBousfiha, Agnès Bardin. "Les aspects psychologiques et la qualité de la vie des hémodialysés en centres." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11031.
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