Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Qualité de la viande bovine'
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Boudon, Sabrina. "Recherche de biomarqueurs plasmatiques pour prédire la qualité de la viande bovine." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC004.
Full textA challenge for the ruminant sector is to predict and manage the phenotypic traits related to meat production and quality especially tenderness, a priority of the beef industry. Meat quality is a complex phenotype that can be evaluated only after slaughtering and meat ageing. Previous research efforts have investigated the potential of muscle-derived markers to assess meat quality from biopsy or on carcass samples. However, recent studies have reported relationship sometimes inverse between protein abundance and tenderness depending on the muscle type or animal considered. Thus, the identification of “generic” and low-invasive biomarkers is an issue for the beef sector. In this context, the objective of my PhD thesis was to discover plasma candidate biomarkers to predict and manage beef tenderness. To meet this objective, my research included two complementary approaches: (i) a molecular data aggregation from publicly available data combined with bioinformatics (in silico approach) to reconstruct the secretome associated withtenderness; (ii) a proteomic analysis (Shotgun LC-MS/MS) to identify plasma and muscle candidates (Longissimus et Rectus abdominis muscles) from contrasted tenderness groups of PGI Fleur d’Aubrac heifers. Extreme groups of tenderness were established based on three evaluation methods: Warner Bratzler Shear Force, sensory analysis, and according to a synthetic index which combines the previous two evaluation systems. Thanks to the combination of the two approaches, I can propose for the first time an atlas of 107 plasma candidate proteins to assess the tenderness in cattle, of which 32 are included in tenderness QTL. I could also complete the list of muscle candidates reported in the scientific literature. While published data report mainly data on male bovines (steers, bull calves), my PhD work allows to propose for the first time a list of plasma and novel muscle candidates for heifer tenderness. My results also contribute to improve knowledge on tenderness determinism, notably through the involvement of extracellular vesicles (micro-vesicular (EVs), macro-vesicular (exosomes)), and the primary cilia. This knowledge will help to design phenotypic tools for “tenderness potential” prediction, in living animal and to add value to high-quality beef sector
Besombes, du Pontavice Cécile. "Pluralité d'acteurs et incertitude sur la qualité des produits : les mondes de qualité dans la filière viande bovine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100136.
Full textLiu, Jingjing. "What is the best future for beef? Better eating quality? Cultured “meat”?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC105.
Full textAllais, Sophie. "Détection et validation de marqueurs génétiques impliqués dans la qualité de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00589871.
Full textOury, Marie-Pierre. "Eléments de différenciation de la qualité sensorielle des viandes liés aux pratiques d'élevage chez la génisse de race charolaise." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS008.
Full textThe aim of this study was to highlight and to evaluate the relation between breeding practices and meat sensorial quality. 99 heifers were used. Rectus abdominis and longissimus thoracis physicochemical properties were analysed and meat quality of the rectus abdominis muscle was evaluated by sensorial analysis. 4 classes of breeding practices were differentiated by multidimensional analysis. A high feeding level during the animals' entire life permit slaughter at a young age and result in high carcass weight. Such a breeding method is linked to more tender meat, independent of the finishing stage and the forage given to the animals. Only 12% to 23 % of the variability of the sensorial characteristic can be explained by physicochemical properties, which is the likely reason there are only small differences in the muscles of the four classes. Heifer performances at slaughter seems to be more important in the determination of meat quality than breeding practices themselves : there exists a higher risk of less tender meat when age increases or when daily weight decreases, independent of breeding practices
Cordeiro, Clericy Aquilès. "Prix, qualité et incertitude : la régulation par le marché et les institutions de la filière viande bovine en Uruguay." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20019.
Full textIn Uruguay, the study of several aspects of the beef industry led us to analyze the flow of information and goods between cattle growers and exporting slaughter-houses (frigoríficos). In the case of a thriving market process, frigoríficos purposely feed incertitude through the pricing system, using a variety of means, especially in buying according to live animal weight, whereas each animal's value is set by the slaughtered animal weight. Such conditions lead Institutions to a specific failure which we'll call "concealed" failure or of "2nd order" as opposed to "1st order" conventional failure studied by Akerlof (1970, Stiglitz (1987) and Orléan (1991)
Herrera, Mendez Carlos. "Marqueurs biologiques de la qualité de la viande bovine : purification, caractérisation et quantification de trois serpines musculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21675.
Full textBernard, Carine. "Profils d'expression génique associés aux qualités sensorielles de la viande bovine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM02.
Full textThe great variability in beef sensory qualities, especially tenderness, juiciness and flavor might be explained by the expression of many genes, still partly not characterized. In order to control meat sensory traits, it is necessary to identify new molecular markers of meat sensory quality. This is the main objective of the MUGENE program which takes advantage of the progress in genomics. In this context, my PhD thesis had two ultimate objectives. Firstly, it aims to develop transcriptomics using DNA microarray. Secondly, it aims to detect differentially expressed genes which could be putative biological markers of meet quality or of genetic muscle growth potential in cattle. This study was performed using the experimental design called "Vachotron" consisting of twenty-five 15- to 19-month-old Charolais young bulls, divergently selected on their muscle growth potential. The experimental strategy consisted in comparing the Longissimus thoracis muscle transcriptomes between high and low meat quality groups (meat quality study) or between animals selected for high or low muscle growth (growth potential study). New molecular markers were hypothesized thanks to the relationships wich could be highlighted between gene expression and the phenotypes of divergent animals. In a first part of the thesis, methodological choices were made in order to carry out transcriptomic analyses of muscle : use of high density heterologous oligonucleotide microarrays (Myochips, Nantes), and of relevant methods of image analysis, statistics and data-mining. Secondly, muscle expression profiling was performed in all the animals and compared according to the different criteria (tenderness, juiciness and flavour ; growth potential). A major result of the meat quality study is the original description of a negative relationship between DNAJA1 (HSP40) gene expression and tenderness evaluated by a sensory panel. This gene may explain up to 63% of the variability in tenderness. Although the molecular bases of DNAJA1 action remain to be elucidated, the expression level of this gene could be a relevant negative marker of tenderness. This result has been therefore patented. The growth potential study has revealed the differential regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism (up-regulation of 2/3 of genes involved in glycolysis and down-regulation of half of the genes involved in the citrate cycle) in the animals with a high growth potential, especially at 15 months of age. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (FGF6, PLD2) known for their implication in rodent muscular hypertrophy, were associated with the muscle mass of bull calves independently of their fat mass. Lastly, data integration of both studies showed that the genes involved in sensory qualities are different from those associated with the genetic selection suggesting that selection on muscle growth potential would not affect significantly beef quality traits
Chriki, Sghaïer. "Méta-analyses des caractéristiques musculaires afin de prédire la tendreté de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881204.
Full textSudre, Karine. "Analyse du Transcriptome de muscle bovin : application à la recherche de marqueurs moléculaires des qualités de la viante." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM19.
Full textCarlier, François. "Information du consommateur et dynamique de branche : qualité et traçabilité dans la filière bovine française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010081.
Full textMazé, Armelle. "Le choix des contrats à l'épreuve de la qualité : une analyse des mécanismes de gouvernance dans le secteur de la viande bovine." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010047.
Full textDubost, Annabelle. "Propriétés structurales et biochimiques du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire et tendreté de la viande bovine." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22284.
Full textThe perception of beef by consumers is a crucial issue for the meat industry. Tenderness remains one of the sensory qualities essential to the consumer, with the juiciness and flavour. The aim of my thesis was to study the structural and biochemical properties of intramuscular connective tissue responsible for the background toughness and study relationships with tenderness and more widely with the sensory qualities of beef. The development of a method of image analysis was used to study objectively the characteristics of the perimysial and endomysial component of the intramuscular connective tissue. The results showed that the area occupied by these two structures influenced the beef tenderness. An assay for total proteoglycan measurement has been developed previously to the study of biochemical and molecular characteristics intramuscular connective tissue. The results obtained in this second part have highlighted the complementarities between proteoglycans, total collagen and cross-links within the muscle and their role on the juiciness. Furthermore, we were able to highlight the positive role of high molecular weight proteoglycans on juiciness, while low molecular weight proteoglycans, such as decorin, rather played a role in beef toughness. The overall results confirm our hypothesis that the structural components of the connective tissue and the small quantity of extracellular matrix molecules could influence the sensory qualities of beef
Mourot, Benoît-Pierre. "Comment déterminer par une approche innovante et rapide des indicateurs prédictifs de la valeur nutritionnelle de la viande bovine ?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22556.
Full textIn a context where the consumption of beef is declining in part because of its lipid composition, an opportunity to revive the beef industry is to communicate with consumers on nutritional quality of beef, especially its fatty acids (FA) composition. To ensure this communication is “efficient” at all levels of the industry, we must have reliable analytical resources but also easy to implement and also inexpensive. The analytical method proposed for determining the beef FA composition is the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is inexpensive, minimally invasive and could thus be widely used in routine in slaughterhouse. We showed that NIRS was effective to determine the concentrations of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) FA (R2> 0.9). Under the best conditions for the prediction of PUFA (samples containing high levels of PUFA and / or with a high variability), PUFA predictions were still not enough (R2 <0.75). So, to overcome this weakness of NIRS, indirect prediction equations of PUFA were performed from the SFA and MUFA contents correctly determined by NIRS and information available in slaughterhouses. These equations, developed by multiple linear regression, were used to correctly predict total and n-6 PUFA (R2> 0.8). These equations are still to be improved for the determination of the total n-3 PUFA (R2 = 0.64) and of the 18:3 n-3, the 20:5 n-3 and the 22:6 n-3 (R2 <0.55). Given that the ultimate aim of this research is to use the equations as a complementary tool in tandem with NIRS measurements to serve industry as a way to rapidly determine the FA content of beef, further studies will be needed to trial and test our novel coupled NIRS–prediction equations approach
Gobert, Mylène. "Prévention de la peroxydation des acides gras polyinsaturés par des antioxydants alimentaires chez le bovin en production." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF1MM23.
Full textIn cattle, diets can be supplemented in lipids from oleaginous seeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to improve the fatty acid nutritional value of their products (milk and meat). Lipid supplementation with extruded linseeds, increased deposition of n-3 PUFA in muscles, but also the lipoperoxidation risk in plasma and tissues, detrimental for the health of animals and the nutritional quality of their products. In this context, use of antioxidants such as vitamin E is recommended, but its efficiency is limited when provided alone with n-3 PUFA rich diets. Our studies aimed at preventing the lipoperoxidation risk by adding natural antioxidants in cattle diets. A mixture of plant extracts rich in polyphenols (PERP, 10 g/kg DM) and vit E (375 UI/kg DM) given to lactating dairy cows fed n-3 PUFA-rich diets (50 g lipids/kg diet DM), was the most effective (compared with vitamin E alone) to reduce plasma lipoperoxidation. In finishing cull cows, being sensibilized to lipoperoxidation by n-3 PUFA supplement (40 g lipids/kg DM), a combined supply of PERP (7 g/kg DM) and vitamin E (155 UI/kg DM) is also the most effective to reduce plasma lipoperoxidation intensity, even in animals stressed before slaughter. Moreover, these antioxidants improved lipid protection of n-3 PUFA-rich beef against lipoperoxidation amplified by packaging treatments under oxygen or a pre-slaughter stress of animals. Additionally, supplementation of diets with vit E+PERP increased beef colour stability, a favourable factor for beef purchase by consumer. These original results led to beneficial applications for the beef industry allowing preservation of beef nutritional and sensorial qualities and possible increase of the duration for sale and consumption of products
Roux, Matthieu. "Structure, expression et polymorphisme du gène PRKAG3 bovin : implication dans le métabolisme musculaire et la qualité de la viande." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2fd62ada-0615-4974-a20f-b9c358ff8e5f/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0051.pdf.
Full textThe PRKAG3 gene encodes the γ3 isoform of a regulating sub-unit of AMPK (AMP dependent Protein Kinase) enzyme, this kinase is one of the principal mediators of the metabolism regulation of sugars and fatty acids in muscle. The bovine PRKAG3 gene was entirely sequenced and its structure established. We have identified an important variability in this gene, 46 SNPs polymorphisms were identified and six of them result in a change in the amino-acid sequence. We demonstrated the existence of alternative transcripts resulting from splicing mechanisms never observed in the pig or in other species. These longer transcripts are found in all the animals, and show a transcription rate weaker than standard ones of this gene. A preliminary association study between the phenotypic characteristics of meat and the animals’ genotype showed that one of these polymorphisms is statistically associated with the glycogen content. We could also highlight that one of the PRKAG3 gene polymorphisms is associated with an increase in the expression level, suggesting a transcription regulation that might differ from one allele to another. The six other genes encoding the differents sub-units isoforms of the AMPK complex were also characterized and screened for polymorphism. A lower level of polymorphism was detected in these genes, compared to the PRKAG3 gene. Quantitative analysis of all AMPK bovine transcripts showed that PRKAG3 is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle whereas the other genes have an ubiquitous expression. Meat quality is also due to lipidic composition in muscle. The analysis of bovine PPARG transcripts have revealed, in addition to normal transcripts, a complex intergenic splicing mechanism, leading to two chimeric transcripts involving the PPARG gene and the neighbouring gene TSEN2. The putative chimeric protein could not be detected in bovine tissues, however this protein was transitory expressed in mammalian cells
Champredonde, Marcelo. "Stratégies des éleveurs et construction de la qualité dans la filière des viandes bovines : le cas du Sud-Ouest pampéen en Argentine." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20079.
Full textWe support the hypothesis according to the dependence of bovine meat quality on how farmers integrate the management of risks and commercial uncertainty into their production strategies. To analyse the determining factors in farmers' strategy we employ the knowledge acquired by the theory of organisations as applied in Crozier and Friedberg's works. In this way, we analyse how the strategies of actors help to determine the channel structure and to define the "game rules". In a reciprocal way, the channel structure and rules determine the range of possible strategies offered to farmers. To asses the mode of insertion of farmers into the channels we appeal to the economy of conventions because it is an approach richer than "standard" economy to take into account the diversity of production situations and to deal with all the aspects linked to the quality of products. Considering the characteristics of every region and the diversity of production strategies in each of them, and according to the previous diagnosis, we propose different ways of evolution. The evolution of the quality of bovine products has been considered as the results of organisational and collective process of learning. Methodology of the work : The channels of commercialisation were analysed from results of partially direct enquiries lead with actors of livestock selling, slaughtering and distribution, as well as to diverse informants. The information proper to agropastoral farms has been obtained from enquiries including open questions about productive and business strategies
Kammoun, Malek. "Invalidation du gène codant pour la Heat shock protein 27 chez la souris : un modèle pour comprendre le rôle de ce bio-marqueur de la tendreté de la viande bovine." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22382/document.
Full textThanks to genomics, we have previously identified markers of beef tenderness, and computed a bioinformatic analysis that enabled us to build an interactome in which we found Hsp27 at a crucial node. Understanding the role of Hsp27 in the development of muscle and in the determinism of beef tenderness is one of the research challenges in meat production. In this context, my pHDthesis (2010-2013) aimed to analyze the role of Hsp27 in muscle development and its involvement in the determination of the characteristics related to the quality of the meat tissue. In this study, we generated mice devoid of Hsp27 protein by homologous recombination of the HspB1 gene as an animal model. The HspB1-/ - mice were viable and fertile, showing no apparent abnormality but a smaller than their control format. The muscle structure of animals was examined by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The first approach, made by a developed immunohistochemical classification (Publication 1), did not reveal any differences in the characteristics of muscle fibers (contractile and metabolic type, shape, perimeter, cross-sectional area) but a trend for a higher proportion of small fibers. Different myosin heavy chains electrophoretic profiles were also observed in HspB1-/- mice. At the ultrastructural level, examination of the myofibrillar material showed destructured myofibrils and higher gaps between myofibrils in HspB1-/-, and a greater disintegration of myofibrils at 72h postmortem (Publication 2). We have used a network-based approach for understanding the contribution of Hsp27 to tenderness through the prediction of its interactors related to tenderness. We have revealed the direct interactors of Hsp27. The predicted partners of Hsp27 included proteins involved in different functions e.g. members of Hsp families, regulators of apoptosis, translation factors, cytoskeletal proteins and antioxidants. The abundances of 15 proteins were quantified by Western blotting in two muscles of HspB1-null mice and their controls. We observed changes in the amount of most of the Hsp27 predicted targets in mice devoid of Hsp27 mainly in the most oxidative muscle (Soleus. Our study demonstrates the functional links between Hsp27 and its predicted targets. It suggests that Hsp status, apoptotic processes and protection against oxidative stress are crucial for post-mortem muscle metabolism, subsequent proteolysis, and therefore for beef tenderness (Publication 3). To complete this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of m. Tibialis anterior (glycolytic muscle), using 2D gel electrophoresis, to detect changes in protein abundance subsequent to the invalidation of HspB1 gene. This study confirms the muscle specific effect of HspB1 invalidation and reveals a new list of Heat shock proteins different from those highlighted in oxidative muscle and relationships with calcium (Publication 4). All together, these results provided from a model species showed the very important role of Hsp27 for muscle ultrastructure and revealed its implication in different muscle biological pathways. This provided new elements for understanding the crucial role for Hsp27 in the modulation of the tenderizing process of muscle during meat ageing that will be further examined in beef
Coibion, Ludovic Bailly Jean-Denis. "Acquisition des qualités organoleptiques de la viande bovine adaptation à la demande du consommateur /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2075/1/debouch_2075.pdf.
Full textStevens, Antoine. "Epidémiologie des salmonelles dans la filière viande bovine à Dakar-Sénégal." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS062.
Full textFaure-Cohades, Justine. "Métabolisme énergétique musculaire, homeostasie et qualité des viandes chez le porc." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARB240.
Full textSustainability and quality of meat production require a better understanding of pig and muscular adaptative response to rearing conditions, including genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. Divergent selection for residual feed intake (RFI) and low rearing temperature stand for two energy metabolism disruptions identified as models to study muscle homeostatis according to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, respectively. This PhD project aims at defining animal and muscle adaptations to these two disruptions and at determining their effects on meat quality. The involvement of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme implied in the regulation of ante and post-mortem metabolisms, is particularly explored. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate these two disruptions in conventional rearing and commercial slaughter conditions. Results showed changes in aimal and muscle adaptation capacities during growth. Adaptative response differed between muscle metabolic types. The oxidative seminspinalis muscle exhibited and earlier and festar response, whereas the glycolytic longissimus muscle had a belated adaptation. Metabolic straties are coupled with homeostatic regulations allowed by variationsin the levels of in vivo and post-mortem AMPK activities. This suggests that AMPK could be an indicator of animal and adaptation capacity to energetic disruption during growth. AMPK cuould also be an indicator of post-mortem pH decline kinetics and so meat quality. Different strategies to valorize animal and muscle adaptation capacities are suggested to find a balance between quality demands of the different actors within the pig production chain
Chatibi, Said. "La filière viande bovine au Maroc : quelle place pour l’élevage traditionnel et quelles bases de qualification pour la viande locale ?" Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0003.
Full textIn Morocco, beef supply chain is currently facing major challenges: i) an increasing request due to demographic rise and evolution of food practices and ii) commercial opening induced by the agreements of free exchange signed by Morocco. The extensive breeding based upon local breeds in traditional suckling system, already weakened by the climatic risks, an increasing chain largeness, isolation, and continuous genetic erosion, answers hardly to these requests and undergoes an unbearable competition with the production systems benefiting from more favorable conditions. Thus there is a strong interest for a reflection on possible qualification of the traditional system. How the traditional system is characterized at present and how its products position on the market? Can a qualification by the origin open real perspectives of development for this livestock system? On what bases could it lean on and which devices should be envisaged ? We answer these questions through a work organized in three stages: i) we analyze the breeding practices in three areas of Morocco containing a considerable population of suckling cows of local breeds; ii) we examine the downstream of the supply chain since the marketing of the animals until the consumption of the meat; iii) finally, we lead physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluations in order to identify the sensory properties of this meat able to be exploited in a qualification. Lastly, beyond the empirical aspects, our theorization relates to the identification of what is resource in an activity and how to reveal it as an asset. Furthermore, activation of such resources requires identifying the actors able to activate them. Our results bring an original contribution to these questions
Larivière-Lajoie, Anne-Sophie. "Évaluation de la qualité de la viande de lapin produite au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66784.
Full textThe aim of this study was to characterize meat quality from rabbits commercially raised in Quebec,taking into account, notably, the impact of the various preslaughter management practices, transportdistances and feed withdrawal efficiency. Five producers were selected for this study in collaborationwith the provincial rabbit producers’ association. Rabbits were slaughtered in two provinciallyinspected plants both located in Quebec and two federally inspected plants, one located in Quebec andone in Ontario. Muscular pH of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) and the Biceps femoris (BF) muscleswere measured 24 h (pHu) and also after 1 h (pH1h) post-mortem for animals slaughtered in theabattoirs located in Quebec. Drip loss and cooking loss were measured on the LL. All pH1hBF and97.6% of pH1hLL were >6. Values ranged from 5.70 to 6.58 for pHuLL and from 5.80 to 6.83 forpHuBF. Values for rabbit meat drip loss ranged between 0.00 and 2.56%. Of the four clusters createdby the hierarchical cluster analysis based on pHu, cooking loss and L* and on 200 rabbit loins, clusters3 and 4 had the lowest meat quality and presents meat with high pH as seen, notably, with DFDmeat (40% of the loins analysed). The clusters 1 and 2 were the best and the second-best meat qualitygroups, respectively. For rabbits slaughtered in Ontario, due to the long journey, preslaughtermanagement that worked best was when the feeders were left in place, but with the lights on prior totransport (7h). Though the majority (60%) of the loins analyzed were grouped into the upper qualityclusters 1 and 2, overall, rabbit meat quality produced in Quebec is rather variable among the sectorsuggesting that many factors are not yet fully controlled in the value chain.
Hadj-Rabia, Fella Lamia. "Etude de la régulation épigénétique de l'allèle Abr du gène Agouti chez la race bovine normande." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO4011.
Full textThe work describeb in this manuscript is a contribution to the comprehension of the epigenetic mechanisms that control the variable expression ot the LINE promoter of the Abr allele. The coat color of the Normande cattle breed is characterized by a mixture of black and red hairs (brindle) whose proportion varies between animals and a different regions of the skin of the same animal. Our team has identified the Abr allele Agouti gene which is responsible for this coat color pattern. In the first part of this work we demonstrate, using different reporter genes, that the LINE promoter has a transcriptional activity. By RACE experiments wa have been able to determine the initiation sites of transcription which are influenced by adjacent sequences of the promoter. In the second part we show the methylation of the LINE promoter is one facet of epigenetic process that regulates its variable expression between animals and within the same animal. Indeed we have shown the the variable expression of Agouti gene is proportionnal to the degree of promoter methylation of the LINE. Furthermore, we show that this epigenic regulation depends on the genetic background of animals as reported for the allele of Agouti homologous in mice
Guillemin, Nicolas. "Marqueurs protéiques de la tendreté de la viande bovine : étude prédictive et fonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646978.
Full textLa, Torre Capitan Anne de. "Les CLA de la viande bovine : caractérisation d'élevage, métabolisme cellulaire et propriétés anticancéreuses." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF1MM18.
Full textTardif, Gabrielle. "La gestion préabattage des porcs et l'effet sur la qualité de la viande dans un contexte commercial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66314.
Full textBulteau, Philippe B. "Contrôle microbiologique des viandes : méthodes d'analyses rapides." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P132.
Full textRaynaud, Peggy. "Structure, régulation, expression et polymorphismes du gène CAST codant la calpastatine bovine." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8293889c-a9dc-42f9-a3f7-cfe89d4f288f/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0018.pdf.
Full textCalpastatin is a specific endogenous inhibitor of the ubiquitous calcium dependent proteinases, µ- and m-calpain. The calpain-calpastatin system is involved in various physiological and pathological processes as well as in the tenderisation process of bovine meat. Despite all the available informations concerning calpastatin, little is known about how this gene is regulated at the transcriptional and translational level, especially in bovine. Regarding the economic importance of that species for livestock industries, it appears clearly important to clarify some of the factors related to calpastatin gene expression. We established the bovine calpastatin gene structure and determined that four promoters direct the expression of four Types of transcripts (I, II, III and IV) differing in their 5' ends. Type I, II and III mRNA transcripts are ubiquitous while Type IV is testis-specific. We also demonstrate that Type III transcript is associated with three 3' UTR differing by their size. Using specific anti-peptide anti-sera, a correspondance between the Type I, II and III mRNA transcripts and calpastatin isoforms has been established. Finally, two new SNPs in intron 8 and exon 30 were detected. These two SNPs as well as two others and a microsatellite, previously described, were genotyped in a population of 82 Charolais individuals and the corresponding haplotypes were established
Maunier-Sifre, Laurence. "Organisation spatiale du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire : relation avec la texture de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668883.
Full textMaunier-Sifre, Laurence Culioli Joseph. "Organisation spatiale du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire Relation avec la texture de la viande bovine /." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_110.
Full textCotta, Judas Tadeu de Barros. "Qualité des carcasses de poulets : aspects zootechniques, technologiques, microbiologiques et sensoriels." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20059.
Full textTouratier, Christine. "Comportement des protéines sarcoplasmiques de la viande de porc au cours du stockage et du chauffage : relations avec la qualité de la viande." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_TOURATIER_C.pdf.
Full textKone, Amenan Prisca Nadege. "Stratégies alimentaires naturelles et innovatrices pour améliorer la qualité de la viande de lapin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30952.
Full textRabbit meat is appreciated namely for its good nutritional quality and especially for its low fat content when compared to other species. However, its high nutritional value is compromised by a high pH, which promotes microbial growth and thus increases risks associated to food safety. In addition, its high polyunsaturated fat content makes it more susceptible to oxidation, which affects taste, nutritional value and functionality of its components and lead to meat alteration and spoilage. We have therefore identified the use of natural bioactive ingredients as a potential initiative to help the meat industry tackle this issue. To achieve this, we initiated, as a first step, studies on the use of plant extracts (onion, cranberry and strawberry, NutraCanada) and essential oils (Xtract, Pancosma) rich in polyphenols, in order to optimize rabbit meat quality (weaned female rabbits). At a concentration of 10 ppm of active ingredients (according to supplier’s recommendations for the promotion of a health digestive system in rabbits with the essential oils tested), the oxidative status of the meat immediately following slaughter was not modified. The same was observed for concentrations up to 10 times higher with plan extracts. However, only a slight and sporadic reduction of the microflora was observed, which could reach up to 1.5 log UFC/g during refrigerated storage, even with higher doses. As a second step, enrichment of rabbits’ diet with a protective culture (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CBI, which produces three bacteriocins, Micocin®) was studied for its ability to modify positively the microbiological quality of final products. The microflora on refrigerated thighs was favourably modified by the addition of Micocin® in the diet by reducing Enterobacteriacea, coliforms and Listeria spp. counts, but more importantly, it reduced experimentally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes counts in ground meat by more than 2 log units compared to the control group. We must emphasize that zootechnical performances were not affected by the different food strategies tested. In conclusion, addition to rabbit feed of a protective culture capable to modify positively the meat microflora had beneficial effects superior to those observed with plant extracts and essential oils; hence, it turns out to be a more efficient nutritional strategy to improve rabbit meat microbiological quality.
Mossab, Amal. "Effet des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires sur le métabolisme lipidique du dindon conséquences sur la qualité de la viande." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4002.
Full textMolette, Caroline. "Analyse protéomique d'altérations de proprietés sensorielles et technologiques de la viande de dinde." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000324/.
Full textGuillevic, Mathieu. "Effets des acides gras N-3 sur la construction de la qualité nutritionnelle de la viande de porc et sur le métabolisme des lipides." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB195.
Full textNutritional quality of pork can be improved by rearing factors, and mainly by their diet. Ther is in pig a strong relationship between fatty acids providing by the diet and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle, as it is usually the case in monogastrics. This property is a mean to rise level of n-3 fatty acids for human consumption. The French food safety agency (AFSSA) recommendations suggest a daily intake of 2 g of C18:3 n-3 and a C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 ratio equal to 5. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of n-3 fatty acid (FA) incorporation in the diet on adipoconversion process, lipid metabolism, and n-3 FA level in meat and cooked pork meat. Three experimentations were performed to reach this objective
Kizaba, Godefroy Amkampese. "Dynamique de filière et innovations : Stratégies des firmes : Cas de la filière viande bovine française." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12021.
Full textTeixeira, Zanusso Jerri. "Engraissement, structure des muscles et qualité de la viande de volailles : exemple du gavage chez le canard de Barbarie (Cai͏̈rina moschata) et de la castration chez le poulet (Gallus domesticus)." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT001A.
Full textGuyon, Ordonaud Claire. "Impact des traitements par hautes pressions sur l’oxydation des lipides et des protéines de la viande bovine." Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ONIR085F.
Full textOne of the major health risks in the meat industry is contamination by spoilage bacteria and pathogens. It has been shown that treatments using high pressure are effective in limiting such contamination. However their impact on the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the meat are still not widely known (especially those related to oxidation reactions). The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of high pressure treatments on health, sensory, and nutritional quality of ground beef, including storage by refrigeration after treatment
Kokkidis-Becquet, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'actualisation des tables de composition alimentaire francaises : étude expérimentale des effets de la cuisson et du stockage au froid, à court terme, sur la composition chimique de la viande bovine." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS001.
Full textZemmour, Samir. "L' incertitude sur la qualité et les biens ethico-alimentaires : le marché de la viande halal en France." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS022S.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the issues of halal meat certification at various levels of the value chain. It reveals that the process of qualification halal represents a process of qualification of ethical-food goods which are connected with the constitution of Potemkin attributes. In the historical absence of an agreement on a shared definition of halal quality and ritual slaughter, the thesis leads to an against-intuitive result: the limits and the failures of the process of qualification halal are the requirements of its operation. For a low level of acceptability of a compromise of the actors, the transition towards a new mode from coordination of the industrial type is nevertheless possible. Correspondent with a certification of the intention and belief, the creation of an imperfect sign of halal quality would lead to the satisfaction of the need for quality and the request for religious ethics of a young French Muslim population
Khamisse, Elissa. "Etude du microbiote susceptible de persister sur les surfaces d'un atelier de la filière viande bovine." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00770326.
Full textAnzalone, Guilhem. "Les économies politiques de l’agriculture biologique : production et commercialisation de la viande bovine biologique en France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0027.
Full textThough recently developed and limited in scope, the French organic farming sector is highly diversified. The reason is that organic farming refers to farming practices but also to an ideological movement. Producing and commercializing organic products in such situation constitutes a relevant topic for economic sociology: how is the organic farming ideological project embedded in the commercialization process? The analysis is based on a fieldwork conducted with the economic sector’s actors in western and south-western France: breeders, farmers groups, manufacturing plants, distributors, professional associations and unions. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the gathering of written sources. To analyze how organic meat circulates, I take into account the definition of the product, the form of the economic transaction and more widely the social roles played by actors involved in the circulation of the product. Drawing on the notions of “circuits of commerce” (V. Zelizer) and that of “moral economy” (E. P. Thompson), I show that the combination of these three criteria shapes different economic organization models – which I call political economies. I identify two of them: a standardization political economy and a producer political economy. The former is based on the concentration of volumes of production and its dispatching to diversified markets while the latter is characterized by the central breeders’ role
Salmi-Boukhari, Btissam. "Intégration de données pour la qualité de la viande chez le porc : Méta-analyse et analyse multidimensionnelle." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0060/document.
Full textMeat quality includes criteria of different importance depending on the animal species. Meat quality is a significant economic factor in pork production, and numerous publications have shown that it is strongly influenced by the interaction between genetic type (especially the halothane gene (Hal) and Napole yield gene (RN)), breeding conditions, and pre-slaughter and slaughter conditions of animals. The European Union, longtime leader of the globalmarket of pork and pork products, now faces increasing competition from other countries,including Brazil, the United States and China. This thesis project is part of a multidisciplinary European project on improving the quality of pork and pork products for the consumer. One of the modules of this project is dedicated to the integration of existing and upcoming data to produce a model for predicting technological and sensory pork quality, based on animal,production, and slaughter information. The objective of this thesis is to synthesize existing knowledge derived from bibliographic and experimental data relating to the main factors influencing meat quality within a meta-analysis, which is a statistical approach combining the results of a series of independent studies on a given problem. The results of this work have confirmed the effect of the halothane gene, as well as fasting, transport and lairage times on most of the analyzed parameters of technological pork meat quality. Indeed, our meta-analysis confirmed the significant effect of the halothane gene on all the analyzed meat quality attributes. However, the halothane gene effect was associated with the breed effect only for the following variables: L*-value (reflectance), b*-value (yellowness) and DL (drip loss). Slaughter weight contributed significantly only to the explanation of differences in ultimate pH between homozygous genotypes: NN and nn. Regarding the preslaughter conditions, the results of our meta-analysis showed that fasting time had a significant effect on pHu and DL measured in longissimus muscle. While, lairage affected only the pHu in semimembranosusmuscle. Interestingly, we found that DL was the lonely attribute significantly affected by transport time and its interaction with fasting time. The significant effect of the vitamin E supplementation on lipid oxidation process in pork and, therefore, affect the technological meat quality, was demonstrated by using a non linear meta-analytic regression model. Statistically, the comparison between the Bayesian and frequentist meta-analytic approaches has highlighted the ability of the hierarchical Bayesian model to reduce uncertainty in parameter estimates, especially when the number of studies included in the meta-analysis is relatively limited. In addition to the meta-analytic approach, an exploratory study by multivariate analyses was performed to identify the correlations among a large number of variables structured into separate groups. Our results showed that the variables which discriminated the five classes of breed (Large White and Basque pigs) x rearing system (conventional, alternative and extensive) were the same as those discriminating individuals. Indeed, a first group composed of transcriptomic, chemical and technological variables discriminated breeds. Slaughter reactivity variables discriminated rearing systems, especially the Basque pigs reared in the extensive system
Jung, Stéphanie. "Étude de l'effet des hautes pressions sur la texture, l'ultrastructure et un système enzymatique de viande bovine." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2017.
Full textNZEZA, KABU ZEX KONGO. "Probleme de l'ecoulement de la viande bovine locale sur le marche de kinshasa au congo (ex zaire)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010556.
Full textA modernization programme for traditional cattle breeders was set up in democratic republic of congo from 1978 to 1990 to favour the provisionning of kinshasa with local meat in order to reduce the food dependence of country, to economize foreign currency and to favour the employment in the rural environment. It was evaluated from 1990 to 1992 that this programme has reached the expected objectives with respect to livestock production but did not reach the expected economics objectives. It seems important to reduce simultaneousness the general, endogenous and exogenous obstacles which blocks the selling of the local meat on kinshasa's market. Since the end of this investigation, though an important loss of cattle is happened in nord-kivu region, the result of this remains valid to provide some guidance about the government's policy of food security
Niaré, Tiéma M. "Simplification du protocole de pesées des agneaux en ferme." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT011A.
Full textSoucy, Juan-Pablo. "Effet de la race sur la qualité de la viande de porc. Portrait de la génétique canadienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27244/27244.pdf.
Full textDebut, Martine. "Etude génétique de la qualité de la viande de poulet en relation avec le stress avant abattage." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4047.
Full textThis thesis aimed at estimating the genetic variability of stress response and muscle characteristics of chickens in relation with the technological quality of their meat. This work showed that a sib-selection for the final pH could efficiently improve the colour, water-holding capacity and texture of the breast meat. Besides, importance of stressless pre-slaughter conditions is highlighted in order to increase the animal-welfare and improve the quality of the meat quality