Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Qualité de la graine'
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Bianchetti, Grégoire. "Impacts de stress biotique et abiotique sur l’acquisition de la qualité nutritionnelle et physiologique de la graine de colza (Brassica napus L.)." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARB250.
Full textSeed quality acquisition is an environmental moduled process that is finely controlled by the expression of many interconnected molecular and metabolic actors. Current climate projections predict that crops will be exposed to an increase of multiple and combined environmental constraints, leading to complex and generally non-deductible impacts. A better knowledge of these impacts on seed development, still poorly studied, appears thus as a relevant lever to enhance environmental resilience of agricultural productions. This thesis work is part of this scientific theme and sought to answer the following question: what are the impacts of a combination of biotic and abiotic stress on the yield elaboration and seed quality acquisition of the rapeseed?To answer this question, two rapeseed genotypes were grown in a large experimental device and subjected to a combination of stresses that are major for this crop, the water deficit and clubroot, caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Signature impacts of water deficit on plants and mature seed quality have been identified using physiological and metabolic data, as well as germination kinetics. Subsequently, RNAseq, metabolic and physiological data, were used for the characterization of the rapeseed transcritional developing seed gene transcrotions and quality acquisition. The correlations between these modulations and their agronomic perspectives are discussed
Piva, Guillaume. "Maîtrise de la qualité biochimique de la graine pour deux légumineuses : soja, haricot : impact des conditions de culture et des choix de génotypiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005A.
Full textFabre, Françoise. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine et fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015A.
Full textBiniek, Catherine. "Importance des ROS et des radicaux : de la graine à la membrane plasmique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS483/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to define the effects of adverse environmental conditions on seed quality of A.thaliana, H.annuus, B.oleracea et H.vulgare), characterize two A.thaliana mutants affected in plasma membrane proteins and characterize the activity of the two proteins. Seeds were harvested from plants subjected to drought and/or thermal stress. Then O₂•⁻ and organic radicals in seeds were measured showing no impact of the stress. Accelerated ageing had a negative effect on seed vigor and viability. Radicals have been identified by high field EPR: epi-catechin and Mn(II) in the testa and melanin in the pericarp. There was no correlation between these radicals and the seed quality, therefore these radicals were not found to be good markers of seed quality. A.thaliana KO mutants of quinone reductase (QR) and AIR12 have been characterized. QR are cytosolic enzymes that have an affinity for the membrane. QR catalyze the reduction of quinone to dihydroquinone. Thus they are known to be protective enzymes against oxidative stress. However, at alkaline pH, dihydroquinone deprotonize and form semiquinones and O₂•⁻. AIR12 is a b561 cytochrome anchored to the apoplastic side of the membrane. These proteins could be implied in a transmembrane electron transport via vitamin K1. Recombinant proteins and NQR and AIR12 were produced. At alkaline pH, AIR 12 was reduced by the semiquinone, AIR12 could form a redox couple with vitamin K1 as electron shuttle across the membrane. In the presence of plasma membrane, the production O₂•⁻ was increased with NQR and reduced with NQR and AIR12. QR appear to have an anti- and pro-oxidant according to the conditions and AIR12 an anti-oxidant role. Electron transfer between the two proteins could be done via the semiquinone at alkaline pH and via O₂•⁻
Lionneton, Eric. "Elaboration d'une carte génétique de la moutarde brune (Brassica juncea L. ) et marquage moléculaire de caractères liés à la qualité de la graine." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS023.
Full textRoche, Jane. "Composition de la graine de tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.) sous l'effet conjugué des contraintes agri-environnementales et des potentiels variétaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7411/1/roche.pdf.
Full textBoucher, Virginie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de MtPM25, une protéine LEA ( Late Embryogenesis Abundant ), et implication dans la qualité germinative des graines de Medicago truncatula." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476720.
Full textZougari, Ben Elkhayat Abdessadeq. "Amélioration génétique de la qualité de la graine de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : les lipoxygénases et les protéines, et effets de la nutrition azotée." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT022A.
Full textD'Hooghe, Philippe. "Impacts de la disponibilité en sulfate sur la physiologie de la feuille et sur la qualité, le métabolisme soufré et la germination de la graine de colza." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937062.
Full textKy, Chin-Long. "Déterminisme génétique de quelques composés biochimiques de la graine de café vert impliqués dans la qualité à la tasse : Etude d'un croisement entre coffea pseudozanguebariae et c.liberica var.dewevrei." Montpellier, ENSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSA0007.
Full textZinsmeister, Julia. "Étude fonctionnelle de trois facteurs de transcription intervenant dans la regulation de la qualité germinative des graines chez les légumineuses : ABI4, ABI5 et HSFA9." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARI078/document.
Full textSeed maturation is characterized by the acquisition ofthe various components that collectively constitute thephysiological quality or vigor of the seed: desiccation tolerance(DT, i.e. the capacity to survive complete drying), seedstorability or longevity (the capacity to remain alive duringstorage), dormancy, as well as fast and uniform germinationand seedling emergence under stressful conditions. Thesetraits are pivotal to ensure rapid and homogenous seedlingestablishment required for stable yield and are a majoreconomic challenge for the seed industry. Despite theiragronomic importance, the mechanisms regulating theiracquisition, including longevity, are still poorly understood. InMedicago truncatula, a gene co-expression network inferredthat transcription factors such asMtABL (ABA INSENSITIVE4-LIKE), MtABI5 (ABA INSENSITIVE5) and MtHSFA2.2 (HEATSHOCK FACTOR A2.2) are putative regulators of seedlongevity. The aim of this thesis was to characterize theirroles in Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum using Tnt1insertion and EMS mutants. ABL and ABI5 are positiveregulators of longevity while defects in hsfa2.2 do not affectit. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses show that ABLand ABI5 are involved in the regulation of photosynthesisassociated genes, chlorophyll loss and accumulation ofraffi nose family oligosaccharides (RFO). ABI5 is also involvedin the accumulation of stress proteins such as LEA proteins.By establishing a link between degreening, RFO contents andlongevity, our work offers new opportunities to tackle a
Terrasson, Emmanuel. "Régulation des qualités physiologique et sanitaire de la graine de Medicago truncatula : rôles de MtABI5 et transmission des Xanthomonas aux semences." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066372.
Full textTutac, Adina Eunice. "[Formal representation and reasoning for microscopic medical image-based prognosis] : [application to breast cancer grading]." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2025.
Full textThis thesis addresses ontology-driven prognosis assistance using knowledge representation and reasoning for very large microscopic medical images. One particular medical application in which prognosis assistance is needed is the breast cancer grading. Althrough this is considered the key assessment tool in prognosis of modern pathology pratice, the main problems of the manual procedure are: time constraint, the need of knowledge and attention. More over, the lack of formal standardized semantic representation for the indexing and classification of terminology and the lack of an inference mechanism to assist the grading are key issues of the domain. To this end, we propose a qualitativ ontological representation of breast cancer grading, an application ontology entlited Breast Cancer Grading Ontology (BCGO) based on OWL-DL and SWRL formalisms. Using this approach, the thesis also tackles the semantic gap between the high-level semantic concepts and the low-level image features. Additionally, we propose a spatial theory support for the representation of the spatial relations between the spatial concepts of the breast cancer grading. This ontology is integrated into a cognitive microscope framework MICO, guiding the image exploration, semantic indexing and retrieval of the microscopic images
Corbière, François de. "L'amélioration de la qualité des données par l'électronisation des échanges à l'épreuve des fiches produit dans le secteur de la grande distribution." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4020.
Full textOur research question is concerned with the influence of electronic exchanges organizations on data quality improvement. Product information is a set of data that identify and describe a product of a manufacturer. Electronic exchanges organizations deal with the sending information systems, the receiving information systems and their interconnection. A case study based qualitative research is conducted to understand how electronic exchanges organizations are perceived to participate to data quality improvement from manufacturers’ and retailers’ points of view. Our results show that sending, receiving and interconnected architectures, exchanges automation and exchanges standardization all influence the perceived improvement of some data quality dimensions. In a processing view of exchanges, our main theoretical contribution is to show that this set of factors can all be conceptualized with interdependence. We define interdependence through three levels: technical, informational and organizational. In each of these levels, we propose that interdependence types can be positioned between two extremes that are dyadic interdependence and sector interdependence. Dyadic interdependence refers to multiple sequential interdependencies between two firms. Sector interdependence refers to a pool interdependency between all the firms
Essiane, Ondo Olivier. "Caractérisation d'une collection de variétés anciennes de blé pour leur réponse à la mycorhization et impact sur la qualité du grain." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS071/document.
Full textWheat (kind Tritucum aestivum, Poaceae family) is a very important cereal ofagronomic interest. Some very ancient varieties are set aside for recent varieties often selected to meet a consumer intensive cultivation of pesticides. Organic farming production system assuming a reduction of synthetic chemical inputs in order to preserve the ecosystem can be defined as a practice where the use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides and genetically modified organisms is prohibited. This practice is gaining more and more popularity and the amount of land cultivated in this way has increased by 60% between 2000 and 2004. Constraints associated with the production of organic grains include lower yields due to nutrient deficiencies in the soil and weed competition. During the past 90 years, the international efforts in wheat breeding have focused on increasing yield and quality parameters The establishment of a wheat database based on morphological, taxonomic and ecological criteria and the introduction of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), known to help in the selection and induce an increase in yield and quality of production with a perspective to increase production in an agriculture that respects the environment, could be an integral part of an appropriate strategy. However, mycorrhizal effects on yield and quality of production are not always predictable and the mechanisms that regulate these qualitative parameters are largely unknown. Field screening of 53 ancient wheat varieties showed differences in their ability to interact with endogenous mycorrhizal fungi. Among the analysed plants, only five varieties were mycorrhized for all samples at tillering. All samples were mycorrhized at the heading stage for all varieties. Nineteen showed a decrease in the number of mycorrhized samples at the ears maturity. Inoculation with a laboratory inoculum during a greenhouse experiments in pots, containing either the wheat field soil or Ò EpoissesÓ soil, showed that all wheat varieties form mycorrhizal symbiosis. Between varieties tested, recent wheat varieties used in organic farming were better in forming symbiosis than the old, but the mycorrhizal effect on plant yield is seen only for old varieties. Demonstrating a variety effect on the development and 6 expression of symbiosis. The benefits of mycorrhizal symbiosis are more pronounced for the qualitative phenomena as the seed viability. The addition of a commercial inoculum in a similar greenhouse experiment modified these observations. This inoculum helped to improve wheat development but also the seed quality of some varieties, demonstrating both the importance of the plant genome in the beneficial expression of the symbiosis and the impossibility of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi to ensure optimal development of symbiosis. The previously observed field varietal effect was confirmed even after adding an exogenous inoculum as, excepted for one variety, inoculation has improved yield. This was especially noticeable in the variety that was most productive, stressing the importance to develop crossing strategies to increase the wheat response to mycorrhiza
Ebrahimi, Asa. "Contrôle génétique de la qualité des graines chez le tournesol (Helianthus annuus L. ) soumis à la sécheresse." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7782/1/ebrahimi.pdf.
Full textRossi, Rubiana. "Contribution à la compréhension de l'effet de maturation des graines sur leur qualité physiologique chez les légumineuses." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARI077/document.
Full textDuring seed maturation, germination, desiccation tolerance and longevity are acquired sequentially. Seed maturation is terminated by a desiccation phase that brings the embryo to a quiescent state. Seed maturity at harvest in¿ uences seed longevity and crop establishment. After harvest, seeds are usually dried to water content compatible with long term storage and post-harvest treatments. However, there is a lack of understanding of how seed longevity is acquired during seed maturation and how premature drying impacts longevity and resumption of cellular activities during imbibition. This was addressed here by comparing transcriptome changes associated with maturation drying and imbibition of seeds of soybean and Medicago truncatula, harvested at an immature stage and mature dry stage.The immature stage corresponded to end of seed ¿ lling when longevity was not acquired while other vigor traits were acquired. Transcriptome characterization in soybean revealed that enforced drying was not similar to maturation drying in planta, which stimulated degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of protective chaperones. Eighty-nine % of the differentially expressed genes during a 18h-imbibition period showed a similar pattern between immature and mature seeds, consistent with a comparable germination between stages. An analysis of the 147 transcripts that increased during imbibition of mature seeds but not in immature seeds suggested an activation of processes associated with shoot meristem development and DNA repair. These data were compared with imbibing immature and mature seeds
Vu, Hiep. "Stéreo multi-vues à grande échelleet de haute qualité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743289.
Full textJeanneau, Matthieu. "Surexpression de la phosphoénolpyruvate carboxylase chez le mai͏̈s : impacts sur le fonctionnement photosynthétique et la qualité du grain." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112293.
Full textThe aim of this work was the production of transformed plants to evaluate the physiological consequences of a PEPC overexpression targeted to the whole plant, seeds or leaves. In seeds, the PEPC activity increased up to 10 times and the foreign C4 isoform has been biochemically and immunologically identified. Lipid and protein contents were slightly modified. We suggest that the physiological impact of an overexpression of a C4 PEPC gene under the control of the HMWG promoter is weak. By using immunodetection, and immunolocalization experiments we showed that the sorghum enzyme is present in the leaf mesophyll of transformed maize. We measured a doubling of the PEPC specific activity well correlated with the accumulation of mRNAm and proteins. It is shown that under moderate light, a compensation mechanism lowers phosphorylation of the PEPC pool. Under non limiting conditions, transgenic plants showed an increase in net photosynthesis (+7%). .
Claude, Pierre-Phillippe. "Effets des cultures intercalaires dans le maïs-grain, sur le rendement en grain, la qualité édaphique, et la teneur en azote inorganique des sols." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74544.
Full textFall-ploughed red clover maintained the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates on the Ste-Rosalie clay. Spring-ploughed red clover on the other hand caused a decrease in bulk density in the top 10 cm of the Chicot loam.
The nitrogen-response of corn indicated that the intercrops did not contribute to the nitrogen regime of grain-corn. There were also indications that intercrops competed with corn for available inorganic nitrogen and water. The intercrops, however, did reduce the levels of soil inorganic nitrogen in the fall allowing for a possible decrease in the nitrogen load of soil percolates.
Despite the beneficial effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the organic nitrogen content of the soil, the presence of leguminous intercrops did not prevent the increase of the soil CN ratio.
Belle, Rogerio. "Recherches sur l'origine de l'hétérogénéité du poids et des propriétés germinatives de graines de colza (brassica napus l. Var. Oleifera metzg)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066384.
Full textDuc, Emmanuel. "Usinage de formes gauche : contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des trajectoires d'usinage." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0034.
Full textO'Bomsawin-Descôteaux, Alex, and Alex O'Bomsawin-Descôteaux. "Impacts sur la qualité de la viande suite à l'alimentation des veaux de grain en période de croissance et de finition par des sous-produits du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26644.
Full textCe projet visait à évaluer les effets du remplacement partiel ou total du maïs (M) par de l’orge roulée (B), des drèches sèches de distillerie avec solubles (D) ou du tourteau de canola (C) sur la qualité de la viande de veau de grain. Huit muscles longissimus dorsi gauche ont été pris pour chacun des traitements étant assignés aléatoirement : M-suppléments protéiques (S), BCD, MCD et MSD et donné à volonté. Toutes les rations étaient isoprotéiques. Des différences significatives entre M et B (P < 0.05) ont été obtenues pour le pH ultime, la couleur (L*, a* et b*), la force de cisaillement, la longueur des sarcomères, les pertes à la cuisson, la concentration de malonaldéhyde au jour 7, la teneur en gras total et des flaveurs indésirables au niveau des analyses sensorielles. La différence obtenue lors de la force de cisaillement n’était pas perceptible par les panélistes.
Passaro, Caterina. "Du couple matériau-procédé à la qualité perçue : élaboration d’un outil prédictif de la perception visuelle des pièces en injection de polypropylène d’intérieur du véhicule." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0769/document.
Full textThe aim of the study is to analyse the impact of texture/material couple of polypropylene injection pieces on the characteristics of the surface and the Perceived Quality. In order to answer this question, we developed a system for the characterization and the prediction of the appearance of the texture. It includes a scale of characterization (composed of 12 descriptors) and two «instruments» of characterization: a visual panel and instrumental panel. The instrumental panel is composed of 12 predictive models of the 12 descriptors. The models are built on sensory ratings and the measures of 3 instruments. The characterization system is used on a set of samples of injected polypropylene making it possible to defines the aesthetics descriptors of the grain (“fantasy” descriptors) and descriptors that differentiate the materials (gloss descriptors). An exploration of the impact of the material composition, the topography of the grains and the response of the material to the topography during the injection moulding was performed on a group of samples with 4 grain, 3 materials and 3 colors. Finally, a large customer survey was conducted. The results have been exploited to establish how the characteristics evaluated by the panel are related with the perception of quality. It appears that the aesthetics of the grain and its association with the color and then its gloss, mostly impact the judgments of quality. Although prospective, this work allows the development of the "genes" of grains suitable for different types of customers, by considering the influence of the couple "grain geometry - visual potential of the material."
Gallois, Alexandre. "Le traitement procédural des affaires pénales de grande complexité : Réflexion sur la qualité de la justice pénale." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010274.
Full textOttman, M. J., and T. A. Doerge. "Durum Quality is Related to Water and Nitrogen Management." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201419.
Full textElisé, Marie-France. "Influence d'un microclimat humide sur le fonctionnement du porte-graines et la qualité germinative des semences de pois protéagineux (Pisum sativum l. )." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS007.
Full textDorval, Isabelle. "Effet du cultivar et de la densité de semis sur la productivité et la qualité des grains de l’épeautre de printemps et d’automne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26662.
Full textThe aim of this research project was to assess the effect of cultivar and seeding rate on yield, yield components and some grain quality characteristics of spring and winter spelt in all three agro-climatic areas for cereal production in Québec in a low input system. The seeding rate generally did not affect hulled grain, naked grain and straw yields of spring spelt. Increasing seeding rate resulted in increased spike density, decreased number of grains per spike while thousand grain weight remained unaffected. CDC Origin and CDC Silex produced the highest hulled grain yields at two of the three sites and protein content of all cultivars was high (14.2 to 15.4 %). Winter survival of winter spelt was inconsistent throughout years and sites. Seeding rate had no effect on winter spelt yields. Cultivar Cosmos generally produced the highest hulled and naked grain yields whereas protein content varied from 9.6 to 16.9 % among cultivars and years.
Abadie, Nicole. "Le contenu du concept d"amenity" dans l'urbanisme anglais contemporain." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30028.
Full textLuca, Matthieu. "Quality Timber Strength Grading : A prediction of strength using scanned surface grain data and FE-analyses." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14037.
Full textKrifa, Mourad. "Etude des fragments de coque de graines de coton : détection, caracterisation, interaction avec les processus de filature et influence sur la qualité du fil." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0638.
Full textChen, Minghui. "Analyse de la concurrence intermodale : l'évaluation de la qualité des dessertes ferroviaires et aériennes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2080.
Full textThe high speed line (Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud Europe Atlantique) that has been operating since July 2, 2017, reduced train travel time by 1 hour on the Paris-Bordeaux line. The expected impacts are an improvement of the competitiveness of rail transport and a modal shift from plane to train. In this thesis, we are interested in the effects of this new railway infrastructure on travellers’ modal choice behaviour. In particular, we are interested in the quality of transport timetable and their impact on the travel behaviour.The quality of transport timetable is an important issue for the various relevant stakeholders. The total number of trains or intermediate stops are not sufficient for a relevant evaluation. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to demonstrate, from the theoretical and empirical point of view, that the relevant approach must be based on activity programs and not just on transport supply.We presented indicators for a better evaluation of the effects related to the quality of transport timetable on travellers’ modal choice. The analysis begins with indicators that provide complementary information to the standard indicators to a more sophisticated model that are able to take into account the characteristics of opportunities in destination. We directed our research to a disaggregated approach while ensuring the measurability of the indicators.Two methods are presented in this thesis: indicators of useful time at destination and the combined modal choice – schedule choice model. Using the first method, we improve our knowledge of the effects related to the quality of transport timetable with a new module integrated in modal choice models. With the second method, we study the research problem with a combined model structure that explains both the modal choice and the schedule choice. These methods are developed on the basis of discrete choice models.We performed an econometric analysis of passenger demand on the Paris - Bordeaux route with "passenger" survey data. We show that the variables specifically constructed for the evaluation of the quality of transport timetable are relevant to explain the travellers’ modal choice.This thesis is organized as follows:In the first part, we present the competition issues in the transport market. Among the different forms of competition, we are interested in intermodal competition. It helps us to understand what is involved in competition questions in the transport market and why this issue is important. This theoretical part includes a literature review that helped us to elaborate our research problem.We present, in the second part, our methods to study the quality of transport timetable: the useful time at destination and the combined modal choice – schedule choice model. In this methodological part, we also present the principles based on discrete choice theory that are the basis of our analysis.The context of our case study, the data and the results are presented in the third part. The advantages and disadvantages of our method are presented in this part of this thesis
Larrieu, Nicolas. "Contrôle de congestion et gestion du trafic à partir de mesures pour l'optimisation de la qualité de service dans l'Internet." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0007.
Full textInternet monitoring has only been used for research, engineering and design of Internet networks since few years (since the beginning of years 2000), but it is more and more popular and spreads rapidly. It deals with studying, characterizing, analyzing and modeling traffic on the different Internet links in order to understand network behaviors when facing traffics which are largely unknown at this time. In particular, guarantying QoS for the Internet is currently one of the most challenging issues. This thesis aims at designing new communication protocols and architectures able to reduce the traffic LRD in order to optimize the use of communication resources. Then, new protocol and architectural mechanisms could be perfectly suited to users’ needs and traffic constraints. Thus, this PhD work deals with a new approach for the Internet, aiming at improving traffic management, QoS and more generally network services. This approach, called Measurement Based Networking (MBN), is built on the use of active and passive monitoring techniques to evaluate in real time different network parameters and analyze its traffic in order to react very quickly and accurately to specific events arising in the network (for instance, congestion events). We will illustrate, in particular, the MBN approach by designing a new measurement based congestion control mechanism (MBCC) which will be evaluated thanks to NS-2 simulations. We will show, in particular, how this new mechanism can improve traffic characteristics as well as Internet QoS, despite the complexity and variability of current Internet traffics
Bensaied, Ghaly Rania. "Subjective quality assessment : a study on the grading scales : illustrations for stereoscopic and 2D video content." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0013/document.
Full textQuality evaluation is an ever-fascinating field, covering at least a century of research works emerging from psychology, psychophysics, sociology, marketing, medicine… While for visual quality evaluation the IUT recommendations pave the way towards well-configured, consensual evaluation conditions granting reproducibility and comparability of the experimental results, an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art studies shows at least three open challenges related to the: (1) the continuous vs. discrete evaluation scales, (2) the statistical distribution of the scores assigned by the observers and (3) the usage of semantic labels on the grading scales. Thus, the present thesis turns these challenges into three research objectives: 1. bridging at the theoretical level the continuous and the discrete scale evaluation procedures and investigating whether the number of the classes on the discrete scales is a criterion meaningful in the results interpretations or just a parameter; studying the theoretical influence of the statistical model of evolution results and of the size of the panel (number of observers) in the accuracy of the results are also targeted; 2. quantifying the bias induced in subjective video quality experiments by the semantic labels (e.g. Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor and Bad) generally associated to the discrete grading scales; 3. designing and deploying an experimental test-bed able to support their precision and statistical relevance. With respect to these objectives, the main contributions are at theoretical, methodological and experimental levels
Lasbleis, Marine. "Dynamique et évolution de la graine terrestre." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0962/document.
Full textIn the past thirty years, our understanding of the inner core structure has increased with the number of seismic studies. Observations reveal a global anisotropy with a cylindrical symmetry and radial and lateral heterogeneities. In this work, I have studied different hypothesis on the dynamics of the inner core to explain these observations. Revisiting the dynamics induced by the Lorentz force, we studied the effect of new boundary conditions, the effect of stratification and growth rate. However, the obtained flow is not strong enough to deform the media for viscosities larger than 1012 Pa.s, in the lower bound of the published inner core estimates. Deformation mechanisms can be subdivided between natural convection (arising from unstable thermal or compositional gradients) and externally forced flows, like the one induced by the Lorentz force. Recent estimates of the thermal diffusivity of iron at high pressure limit the possibility of thermal convection to an age of the inner core lower than a hundred of millions years. Two key parameters emerge for the inner core dynamics: the sign and strength of the density stratification and the viscosity of the inner core. We construct a regime diagram for the Earth’s inner core dynamics that compares the different published models in term of maximum instantaneous deformation rate. This diagram allows us to compare both expected strain rate and deformation geometry with the seismic observations. However, we find that no published model can explain all the seismic observations. The inner core anisotropy and the hemispherical dichotomy are especially difficult to reconcile with these models. The F-Layer is a 200km anomalous layer at the bottom of the outer that presents low P-Wave velocities compared to well-Mixed model. It has been interpreted as a layer depleted in light elements, whereas we usually consider that light elements are expelled at the surface of the inner core by freezing of the outer core alloy. We study the hypothesis of freezing in the bulk of the layer, with iron particles growing and settling in an increasingly depleted liquid
Ghodratnama, Ahmad. "Effet des chélateurs alimentaires sur la biodisponibilité du fer, les performances zootechniques, la coloration et la qualité de la viande chez les veaux de grain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47568.pdf.
Full textRodenhuis, Mary Alyson. "Effects of Grain Type and Oil Concentration of Corn Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles of Digestion, Finishing Performance, and Carcass Quality." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28016.
Full textSkaar, Garrett Richard. "Effects of sorghum grain and sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles on the composition, quality and sensory attributes of ground pork." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13139.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Terry A. Houser
A total of 48 carcasses were taken from a larger trial using 288 pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 58.9 kg) in a 73 d feeding study to determine the effects of sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles (S-DDGS) in sorghum- or corn-based diets on ground pork quality. The dietary treatments included: sorghum-based diets with 0, 15, 30, or 45% SDDGS, a sorghum-based diet with 30% corn DDGS (C-DDGS) and a corn-based diet with 30% C-DDGS. Shoulders from 24 barrow and 24 gilt carcasses were ground and evaluated for proximate and fatty acid composition, iodine value (IV), objective color, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory attributes. No finishing diet × gender interaction was detected for composition, fatty acid profile, color or TBARS (P > 0.05). Pork from gilts contained less fat and more moisture (P < 0.001), was less saturated with a greater IV and total percentage of PUFA (P < 0.01), and also had a lower L* value (P < 0.001) and higher a* value (P = 0.006) than pork from barrows. Gender did not affect total color change ( E) from 0 to 120 h (P = 0.30), TBARS (P = 0.08), or sensory attributes (P ≥ 0.32). Finishing diet had no affect on total fat, moisture, or protein composition (P ≥ 0.18). Increasing S-DDGS resulted in a linear (P < 0.001) decrease in SFA and MUFA and an increase (P < 0.01) in PUFA and ground pork IV. Pork from pigs fed 30% S-DDGS had a greater percentage of MUFA (P = 0.01) and a lower percentage of PUFA (P > 0.006) and reduced IV (P = 0.03) compared to pork from pigs fed the sorghum-based diet with 30% C-DDGS. Diet did not affect TBARS (P = 0.37) or L*, a*, or b* values (P ≥ 0.11) but was shown to influence E (P = 0.01) with pork from pigs fed sorghum grain and 30% S-DDGS having less total change than all other treatments. It is concluded that consumers will not be able to differentiate ground pork from pigs fed DDGS and that feeding sorghum grain and S-DDGS can be done without affecting ground pork quality.
Grandgirard, David. "Analyse et modélisation du déterminisme de la teneur en azote des graines chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) : relation entre la remobilisation d'azote vers les graines et l'élaboration du rendement et de sa qualité." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS006.
Full textCourtois, Francis. "AMELIORATION DE LA QUALITE AGRO-INDUSTRIELLE DU MAIS PAR LA MODELISATION DYNAMIQUE DU SECHAGE." Phd thesis, Massy, ENSIA, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308506.
Full textIl est devenu important, maintenant, d'optimiser la conception des séchoirs en considérant, en plus de critères de rendement énergétique et de débit évaporatoire, la production d'un maïs de qualité amidonnière. La conduite automatique est un moyen complémentaire d'optimiser la gestion "temps réel" des séchoirs. Notre travail a consisté en la réalisation d'un outil d'aide à la conception de séchoirs et d'algorithmes de régulation optimisés en termes d'énergie, de débit et de qualité.
L'influence d'un choc thermique sur la qualité amidonnière du maïs est modélisée. L'équation qualité ainsi définie est reprise dans un modèle dynamique de séchage développé avec une méthode compartimentale, depuis la couche mince jusqu'au séchoir industriel.
Le modèle, ajusté sur des cinétiques de séchage en conditions constantes, est utilisé pour prédire le régime stationnaire de tout séchoir, existant ou non. Il permet de rendre compte de tous les phénomènes transitoires présents dans un séchoir industriel : sauts de température d'air, arrêts de séchage, refroidissement, recondensation, recyclage d'air...
Le modèle est aussi utilisé pour prédire le comportement dynamique de séchoirs soumis à des perturbations et tester ainsi les performances d'un algorithme de régulation.
De la couche mince au séchoir industriel, les simulations sont comparées aux expérimentations, en fonction des données expérimentales disponibles. Une erreur moyenne de 5% sur la prédiction est constatée pour la teneur en eau du maïs sec. L'erreur de prédiction sur la qualité est du même ordre que l'incertitude expérimentale due au test utilisé.
Diedhiou, Djibril. "Fractionnement analytique de la graine de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) et de la graine de dattier du désert (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) - Valorisation des constituants de la graine de neem par bioraffinage." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0135/document.
Full textNeem and desert date seeds were characterized and their fractionation perspectives oriented. A process of fractionation of neem seeds in twin-screw extruder has been studied for the purpose of production and integrated valorization of its fractions: oil, co-extract of azadirachtin, proteins and lipids, and extrusion raffinate. The use of water and water/ethanol mixtures (up to 75% ethanol) with a twin-screw extruder configuration defining four zones (a feed zone, a grinding zone, a solidliquid extraction zone and a solid / liquid separation zone), allows to extract from the filtrate 83 to 86% of the azadirachtin, 86 to 92% of the lipids and 44 to 74% of the proteins of the seed thereby producing a raffinate essentially fibrous containing at most 8% lipids, 12% proteins and 0.82 g/kg azadirachtin. One of the best ways of processing the suspension that is the crude filtrate, is a solid-liquid separation by centrifugation. This separation process makes it possible to obtain a diluted emulsion containing 42 to 64% of the lipids and up to 41% of the proteins of the seed. A centrifugation achieves it effectively, but this separation process can have disadvantages in the treatment of large volumes. Considered as a by-product of the treatment of crude filtrate, the insoluble phase can contain 42 to 64% of the lipids, 32.9 to 47% of the proteins and 10 to 13% of the azadirachtin of the seed. Water has proven to be the best solvent in this fractionation process. The pressing of the neem seeds followed by the aqueous or hydroalcoholic extraction in the same twin-screw extruder makes it possible to extract up to 32% of the oil of the seeds and to recover 20% of the seed oil in clear form, with very little azadirachtin, ensuring better extraction yields of azadirachtin and proteins to the crude filtrate. Two treatment pathways of the filtrates were studied: one leading to an emulsion of azadirachtin and another to a freeze-dried powder of azadirachtin. The valorization of the fibrous extrusion raffinate has been oriented towards the production of agromaterials by thermopressing. A biorefinery scheme of the neem seed for the valorization of its constituents has thus be implemented
Akraim, Fowad. "Effet du traitement thermique des graines de lin sur la biohydrogénation ruminale des acides gras polyinsaturés et la qualité de la matière grasse du lait de vache." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7300/1/akraim.pdf.
Full textChahed, Tijani. "La qualité de service de bout en bout dans l'Internet : mapping de la QoS entre IP et ATM, services intégrés et services différenciés." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000VERS003V.
Full textZegout, Kamel. "La presse dite « de qualité » en Grande-Bretagne : des mutations formelles à la diversification rédactionnelle - une analyse du Times et de l'Independent, 1999-2009." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030123.
Full text« Quality press » or « elite press » are expressions which differ according to the geographic context. The context of the British press is typical of the salience of the relation between media and society. Faced with the erosion of its readership and developments in the ultra-competitive media sector, the British daily « quality » press has launched changes in the 2000s that reflect a series of contexts that interact on performance. From 2003, The Times and The Independent’s changes in format tend to reflect a willingness to adapt the journal to changing lifestyles and particularly to reading habits. Based on a theoretical model of journalistic changes over a long time as well as trends in British society since 1945, our thesis analyzes The Times and The Independent’s changes in an era of « communication journalism ». By focusing on the journalistic treatment of politics in the two daily newspapers here analyzed, this thesis aims! to explore the process of the reappropriation of the journalistic standards of the « tabloids » by the « quality » daily newspapers
Dejene, Mashilla. "Grain storage methods and their effects on Sorghum grain quality in Hararghe, Ethiopia /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a454.pdf.
Full textSukumaran, Sivakumar. "Genomic mapping for grain yield, stay green, and grain quality traits in sorghum." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15084.
Full textDepartment of Agronomy
Jianming Yu
Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end use value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The objective of the first experiment was to assess marker-trait associations for 10 grain quality traits through candidate gene association mapping on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions. The 10 grain quality traits were measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1,290 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea-caudatum), and one working group (zerazera/caudatum). Association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes/loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker-trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio–based R[superscript]2 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2) value of 0.08. SNPs in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.10) and loci pSB1120 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.09) was associated with starch content. Sorghum is a crop well adapted to the semi arid regions of the world and my harbor genes for drought tolerance. The objective of second experiment was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield potential and drought tolerance. From a cross between Tx436 (food grain type) and 00MN7645 (drought tolerant) 248 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed. Multi-location trials were conducted in 8 environments to evaluate agronomic performance of the RILs under favorable and drought stress conditions. The 248 RILs and their parents were genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A subset of 800 SNPs was used for linkage map construction and QTL detection. Composite interval mapping identified a major QTLs for grain yield in chromosome 8 and QTL for flowering time in chromosome 9 under favorable conditions. Three major QTLs were detected for grain yield in chromosomes 1, 6, and 8 and two flowering time QTLs on chromosome 1 under drought conditions. Six QTLs were identified for stay green: two on chromosome 4; one each on chromosome 5, 6, 7, and 10 under drought conditions.
Trigui, Ghassen. "Dynamique des corps lipidiques dans la graine d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011150.
Full textTrigui, Ghassen. "Dynamique des corps lipidiques dans la graine d’Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112041/document.
Full textIn plants, lipid reserves are stored in subcellular structures called lipid bodies (LB). These virtually spherical organelles consist of a core of triacylglycerols (TAG), surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids (PLs), are produced from the endoplasmic reticulum and then released into the cell cytoplasm. Oleosins, composed of five seed-specific isoforms (S1 to S5) in Arabidopsis thaliana, are major proteins of the LB, inserted on the surface of the half-membrane. The dynamics of LB (charging / uncharging oil) is complex and remains largely misunderstood. The objective of this work is to model the formation and dynamics of lipid bodies in the developing seed of Arabidopsis thaliana, to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the biogenesis and dynamics of LBs. The use of dyes staining neutral lipids constituting the LD, coupled with confocal microscopy, allowed obtaining image stacks of LB from embryos at different days of development, in a wild-type or depleted (mutant) context for one, two or three oleosins (S1, S3 and S4).- An image segmentation pipeline has been first developed, enabling extraction of various estimators for characterizing the size and spatial dispersion of the lipid bodies. Estimators were used to analyse the evolution of the size and spatial dispersion of lipid bodies as a function of stage of development, and to highlight the variability between genotypes.- These data were then processed and statistically analysed by approaches using linear as well as quantile model that concluded on the effect of each of oleosins investigated as well as their interactions on the distribution of lipid bodies.- Last, a model describing the coalescence dynamics of LB populations has been proposed, digitally simulated and compared to experimental data sets. This model was used to test various hypotheses on the dynamics of biogenesis and coalescence-based growth of lipid bodies as formalized according to the mathematical model. Several effects of oleosin composition on LB coalescence rate have been highlighted. The results of these three axes allowed to propose and discuss the roles associated with each oleosin in the broader perspective of understanding the mechanisms involved in the lipid bodies dynamics
Lombaert, Isabelle. "Elaboration et caractérisation des siliciures utilisés comme matériaux de grille ou d'interconnexion dans les circuits VLSI." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10572.
Full textChabin, Yann. "La cohérence entre représentations de la performance et contôle : le cas des entreprises intégrées de grande distribution alimentaire." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20066.
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