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Goren-Watts, Rachael Brooke. "Eating Disorder Metaphors: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Women's Experiences." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1311014326.
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Booth, Andrew. "Acknowledging a 'dual heritage' for qualitative evidence synthesis : harnessing the qualitative research and systematic review research traditions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4137/.
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Qualitative evidence synthesis, an umbrella term that includes all forms of secondary qualitative synthesis and analysis including qualitative systematic review, has emerged from the confluence of conventional systematic review methods with methods for primary qualitative research. With such a 'mixed heritage', and the juxtaposition of quite different epistemological positions, it is inevitable that the resultant tensions have generated considerable creative energy and significant methodological frictions. These tensions have created an environment within which I have sought to make a contribution. Working with colleagues within the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, and collaborators at other institutions, including fellow co-convenors of the Cochrane Collaboration Qualitative Methods Group, I have examined the state of qualitative synthesis methods (Paper M1). I have traced and examined the respective contributions of the two components of the mixed heritage through five methodological papers that examine the stages of the systematic review process; searching (Paper M2), quality assessment (Paper M3), framework and thematic synthesis (Paper M4) and exploring heterogeneity (Paper M5) through to consideration of reporting standards (Papers M1-M3). This Thesis explores these issues through five case studies (Case Studies 1-5) to which I have contributed as lead methodologist. While, initially at least, the legacy of conventional systematic review methods could be seen to enjoy dominance, an emerging imperative to review systematically different types of evidence to explore different review questions, coupled with reduced time and resource envelopes within which to address time-critical questions from policy and practice, has opened up a more versatile and pragmatic toolkit. The Thesis concludes by identifying key methodological issues that require further investigation. I contend that many outstanding methodological challenges may derive their most productive insights from a more detailed consideration of corresponding solutions from primary qualitative research. The five papers in this body of work, therefore, make an original contribution to knowledge by establishing and demonstrating methodological principles by which flexible and context sensitive application of the versatile 'systematic review model' can be used to meet the pragmatic demands of health services research and technology assessment.
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Lachal, Jonathan. "La métasynthèse : une méthode de synthèse des données qualitatives appliquée aux soins psychiques de l'adolescent." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB247/document.
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La méthode qualitative est en plein essor en médecine et particulièrement en psychiatrie, où la place du sujet, et ses représentations de la maladie et du soin sont centrales dans la prise en charge. Dans le champ de la santé de l'adolescent, de grands travaux permettent des avancées importantes dans la compréhension de la souffrance et les propositions de soins. Les méthodes qualitatives sont pourtant souvent critiquées de par leur contextualité et leur manque de pouvoir de généralisation. Une façon d'améliorer ces deux aspects consiste à appareiller les études traitant la même problématique de manière à en synthétiser les principaux résultats. Cet exercice de synthèse, notablement différent de celui de méta-analyse propre à la recherche quantitative, est réalisé depuis longtemps dans le champ des sciences humaines. Il s'agit de la métasynthèse, ou meta-ethnography. L'exercice de synthèse de la littérature est aujourd'hui de plus en plus codifié en recherche scientifique. Pourtant, certains points sont toujours en discussion - critères d'inclusion des études, critères de qualité des études-. De plus, aucune équipe psychiatrique ne s'est approprié l'outil de la métasynthèse pour l'adapter à la discipline. Ce travail décrit les étapes de la construction et de l'adaptation, à partir du corpus existant, d'une méthode rigoureuse, effective, simple à transposer et enseigner, permettant la métasynthèse de données de la littérature dans le domaine du soin psychique de l'adolescent. Il s'agit d'une part d'une réflexion théorique, épistémologique et méthodologique sur les métasynthèses et leur adaptation au champ de la clinique psychiatrique. Il s'agit d'autre part d'une construction pratique, réalisée à partir de métasynthèses effectuées sur des thématiques du soin psychique de l'adolescent. Les deux premiers articles sont deux travaux de métasynthèse. Le premier concerne l'obésité de l'adolescent. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière les limites de la méthode utilisée. Le deuxième article s'intéresse à la question des comportements suicidaires à l'adolescence. Les enseignements méthodologiques du premier article ont permis de perfectionner la méthode de métasynthèse. Enfin, le troisième article propose une description détaillée des étapes de la méthode construite. En discussion, nous proposons de resituer la méthode de la métasynthèse dans le contexte historique du niveau de preuve scientifique. Nous illustrons avec les articles les plus récents les liens toujours plus forts qui se construisent entre la méthode de la métasynthèse, aujourd'hui appelée Qualitative Evidence Synthesis, et la médecine fondée sur les preuves. La métasynthèse est une méthode moderne, qui montre tout son intérêt dans la recherche médicale. Notre méthode appliquée à la psychiatrie de l'adolescent est rigoureuse et fiable, et permet d'accroître la connaissance scientifique et d'améliorer la prise en charge des patientsQualitative research is expanding fast in medicine and especially in psychiatry, where the patient and his representations of illness and care are central to treatment. In the field of adolescent health, great work provides important advances in the understanding of suffering and care. Qualitative methods are however often criticized because of their contextuality and their lack of generalization power. One way to improve these aspects is to match studies addressing the same issue so as to synthesize the main results. From a long time, human sciences have taken hold of this exercise of synthesis, which is significantly different from meta-analysis of quantitative research. They have called this work metasynthesis or meta-ethnography. The literature synthesis exercise is now increasingly codified in scientific research. However, some points are still under discussion - For example, inclusion criteria for studies, study quality criteria -. Moreover, no metasynthesis exist in the field of psychiatric research. This work describes the stages of construction and adaptation of a simple, rigorous, efficient, easy to share and teach method, which enables to do qualitative data synthesis in the field of psychological care to adolescents. On the one hand, we propose a theoretical, epistemological and methodological reflection on metasyntheses and their adaptation to the field of psychiatric care. On the other hand, we describe a practical progression: our method is built from metasyntheses conducted on two themes of adolescent psychological care. The first two papers are both metasyntheses. The first one is about adolescent obesity. The results highlight the limitations of the method we used. The second article focuses on the issue of suicidal behavior in adolescence. The methodological lessons of the first article helped us to improve the meta-synthesis method. The third article provides a detailed description of each steps of the method. In discussion, we propose to situate the method of metasynthesis in the historical context of the scientific evidence. We illustrate with recent papers the increasingly strong links that exist between metasynthesis, now called Qualitative Evidence Synthesis, and Evidence-Based Medicine. The metasynthesis is a modern method. It shows its interest in medical research. Our method applied to adolescent psychiatry is rigorous and reliable, and can increase scientific knowledge and improve the care of patients
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Tingley, Kylie. "Developing Recommendations to Guide Future Evidence Generation, Evidence Synthesis, and Knowledge Translation for Rare Diseases." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42030.
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Introduction: The scarcity of rigorous evidence regarding rare disease therapies contributes to uncertainty for stakeholders who make decisions about the use, prescription, or funding of such therapies. My dissertation objective was to integrate stakeholder perspectives and evidence related to how rare disease therapies are evaluated to better understand drivers of uncertainty in decision making and develop an evaluation framework for future evidence generation, synthesis, and decision support.
Methods: To better understand the perceived challenges in generating robust treatment effectiveness evidence, and describe various methods for mitigating these challenges, I used a meta-narrative literature review. I also conducted focus group interviews with key rare disease stakeholders (patients/caregivers, physicians, and policy advisors) to elicit different perspectives on how evidence is generated, evaluated, and synthesized in the context of health care decision making, both at a personal and population level. Finally, I integrated the focus group findings with a targeted literature review to identify characteristics of rare diseases and their candidate therapies that may warrant special consideration in health technology assessment (HTA) and health care decision making.
Findings: My dissertation data revealed three fundamental challenges in generating robust treatment effectiveness evidence for rare diseases: limitations in recruiting a sufficient sample; inability to account for clinical heterogeneity; and reliance on outcomes with unclear clinical relevance. Several methodological solutions have been proposed to overcome these challenges. In addition, study participants described different perspectives on how they choose to participate in and use research in their roles as health care users, care providers, and policy advisors. Notably, conventional wisdom that patients/caregivers participate in clinical research studies because of therapeutic misconception was not supported. Finally, focus group and literature review findings identified information that potentially warrants special consideration in future HTA specific to rare diseases, including characteristics of the disease, understanding of causal hypotheses relevant to the therapy, and complexities of cost-effectiveness given the high price of many rare disease therapies.
Discussion: Together, the findings from this dissertation support an evaluation framework with eight key principles that aim to mitigate important aspects of uncertainty from various stakeholder perspectives and promote evidence-informed decision making about rare disease therapies.
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Liao, Hongjing. "Reporting Credibility in Educational Evaluation Studies that Use Qualitative Methods: A Mixed Methods Research Synthesis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1426115203.
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Chadwick, Nicole. "Couples' experiences after a traumatic brain injury : a mixed-method synthesis and qualitative study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33179.
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Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can result in a number of consequences for those who has sustained the injuries, as well as having an impact on their wider system. Estimates of divorce and relationship dissolution among couples following TBI can be as high as 54% and partners are reported to experience high levels of stress. The majority of studies have explored couples' relationships following TBI from the perspective of either the person with TBI or the partner, as opposed to exploring this dyadically and, therefore, limiting the holistic understanding to this topic. Aim: The two aims of this thesis are as follows: firstly, the mixed-method synthesis review aimed to explore the current dyad evidence-base around couples' experiences and relationships following TBI; and secondly, the qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of TBI on couples' experiences and relationships. Method: The systematic review's search strategy consisted of a computerised search across five databases and manual searches for further references in other relevant literature reviews and reference lists. The quality of the qualitative and quantitative studies were analyses separately. Metaethnography was employed to synthesize the finding from the qualitative studies. In the qualitative empirical study, five dyad-couples participated in the semi-structured interviews. The individuals with TBI and their partners were interviewed independently. The data collected was analysed using a combined deductive-inductive framework analysis approach, which supported comparisons between and within couples. Results: The systematic review yielded eight eligible studies, three quantitative and five qualitative studies. Review of the quantitative studies suggested couples reported poor relationship quality and partners reported more dyadic dissatisfaction and overall poorer relationship adjustment than the people with TBI. Analysis of the qualitative studies suggested there were significant variations in the way couples' experience and respond to TBI. This included individual responses from the people with TBI, their partners or collectively as a couple, which influenced their relationship dynamics and also how they coped. The findings also drew attention to other contextual factors that influenced couples' attributions and perceptions toward the TBI-related changes. Deductive and inductive analysis of the interviews in the qualitative empirical study identified three overarching themes: 'You begin to realise that, actually, life may not be the same ever [again]...'; perceived influences on relationship endurance following TBI; and contextual and other factors. These explored the impact of TBI on couples' relationships and the processes that interacted with or influenced their perceived relationship endurance. Conclusion: Although limited by a small number of eligible studies in the systematic review and small sample size in the qualitative empirical study, this thesis emphasized the importance of dyadic research for gaining a holistic understanding of couples' experiences and relationships following TBI. This allows the complex interplay between the TBI, the person who has suffered the TBI, their partner and their relationship to be better understood. The interconnectedness between the individuals and how the difficulties are experienced raises possible issues for healthcare services around their views and approaches to the individual with TBI, their partner and the couple's relationship during the recovery and rehabilitation journey.
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Lee, Sou. "Asian Gangs in the United States: A Meta-Synthesis." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1875.
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The purpose of this study is to gain a holistic understanding of the Asian gang phenomenon through the application of a meta-synthesis, which is seldom utilized within the criminal justice and criminology discipline. Noblit and Hare’s (1988) seven step guidelines for synthesizing qualitative research informed this methodology. Through this process, 15 studies were selected for synthesis. The synthesis of these studies not only identified prevalent themes across the sample, but also provided the basis for creating overarching metaphors that captured the collective experience of Asian gang members. Through the interpretive ordering of these metaphors, a line of synthesis argument was developed in which three major inferences about the Asian gang experience were made. First, regardless of ethnic and geographic differences, the experiences of Asian gangs and their members are similar. Second, although extant literature has applied different theories to explain gang membership for individual ethnic gangs (e.g. Chinese, Vietnamese), this synthesis revealed that the dominant theory for explaining the onset and persistence of Asian gangs is Vigil’s (1988) multiple marginality theory. Finally, in comparison to the broader literature, Asian gangs are more similar than they are different to non-Asian gangs because of their overlap in values.
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Wholl, Douglas J. "A rational choice approach to professional crime using a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002890.
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Flemming, Katherine Ann. "The synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research : its role in producing an evidence base for practice." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516591.
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Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma, Mary Ann Ann Ph D. Littleton, Megan Quinn, and Hadii Mamudu. "A Qualitative Research Synthesis of Contextual Factors Contributing To Female Overweight and Obesity over the Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/232.
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Adult women are disproportionately burdened by overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and there is limited understanding of the sociocultural context of this problem. In this qualitative research synthesis, we aimed to surface contextual influences that potentially predispose adult women and adolescent girls to overweight and obesity. PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, PROQUEST, EMBASE, Web of Science were searched to locate qualitative research articles conducted in sub-Saharan African countries beginning in year 2000. After assessment for eligibility and critical appraisal, 16 studies were included in the synthesis. Textual data and quotes was synthesized using the methods proposed by the Joan Briggs Institute and a thematic analysis framework. The synthesized studies were conducted in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya and Botswana. The three overarching themes across these studies were body size and shape ideals, barriers to healthy eating, and barriers to physical activity with cultural and social factors as cross-cutting influences within the major themes. Culturally, the ideal African woman was expected to be overweight or obese, and voluptuous and this was associated with their identity. While overweight and obesity was not acceptable among adolescent girls, they also desired to be voluptuous. Healthy food choices among women and girls were hampered by several factors including affordability and peer pressure. Both adult women and girls experienced ageism and institutional discrimination as barriers to physical activity. This is the first qualitative research synthesis to amplify the voices of women and girls in SSA countries highlighting the challenges they face in maintaining a healthy weight. Sociocultural, institutional and peer-related factors were powerful forces shaping body size preferences, food choices and participation in physical activity. Our study findings provide insights for the design of contextually appropriate interventions and lay the foundation for further research studies.
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Gilmore, Ian. "An abstract configuration of the epistemology of potentiality paradigm therapy : a qualitative meta-synthesis of theoretical texts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-abstract-configuration-of-the-epistemology-of-potentiality-paradigm-therapy-a-qualitative-metasynthesis-of-theoretical-texts(cfe211bb-a414-4e27-ae0a-4348efc04aed).html.
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The first step that I took in preparing myself to undertake what is in essence a piece of epistemological research was to divide the psychological therapies into two: the potentiality paradigm and the pathology paradigm. The former is based upon the potentiality model articulated by person-centred theorists like Dave Mearns and Brian Thorne, which is essentially a growth model, whilst the latter reflects a form of therapy that recognises people according to what may be considered 'wrong with' or 'deficient about' them, such as operates in the disciplines of medicine and clinical psychology. The main focus of this piece of research was to determine the epistemology that is at work with what actually goes on in the practice of potentiality paradigm therapy. In order to achieve this, I set about identifying, reading, analysing and eventually coding the most epistemologically rich writings that I could find from mainstream authors on potentiality paradigm therapy from the professional and the academic literature. It became clear from this analysis that the heart of what was actually going on in the practice of potentiality paradigm therapy as articulated in these theoretical writings could be coded into three main discourses: an experiential discourse, a relational discourse and a hermeneutic discourse, each of which I have considered to represent an epistemological discourse for the purposes of this piece of research. My next question was to ask myself how these discourses set about articulating the potentiality paradigm with respect to the practice of the psychological therapies, and the answer came back that they articulated the potentiality paradigm best when they worked concertedly rather than discretely. Indeed, it soon became apparent that the human brain integrates and synthesises the data that it receives by way of these three central discourses, and so it seemed only appropriate that I should work towards expressing these findings by creating a qualitative meta-synthesis of these three discourses: the experiential, the relational and the hermeneutic, which is exactly what I did. The epistemological mechanism by which these three discourses are integrated and synthesised needs to reflect the way in which the human brain integrates and synthesises the data that it receives, and the name given to this epistemological mechanism is dialectical constructivism. This is included along with the three epistemological discourses - the experiential, the relational and the hermeneutic - in the creative and interpretive synthesis in which this piece of research culminates, and is followed by an illustrative worked example showing how these discourses articulate the potentiality paradigm - concertedly - with respect to the practice of the psychological therapies. One of the advantages of applying this meta-model to the way in which we look at potentiality paradigm therapy is that it may be used to free us up to practice in the more dialogical ways which have been becoming increasingly favoured by practitioners in recent times. With our view of potentiality paradigm therapy mediated by this meta-model, we may find it easier to traverse across what many practitioners have tended to view as theoretical boundaries. It could also be viewed as a move towards a more functional and less structural form of governance or regulation, as expressed by Mearns and Thorne.
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Middleton, Joanne. "Communication in sickle cell disease : a meta-synthesis of child perspectives and a qualitative exploration of parent experience." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communication-in-sickle-cell-disease-a-metasynthesis-of-child-perspectives-and-a-qualitative-exploration-of-parent-experience(11c6a526-eb8e-4ad8-bc26-9a68f783ec91).html.
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This thesis explores communication with children affected by sickle cell disease about their condition from the perspectives of both children and parents. It includes three papers: A literature review, an empirical paper and a critical appraisal. Papers one and two have been prepared for submission to Social Science and Medicine and Qualitative Health Research, respectively. Paper one is a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature investigating experiences of communication from the perspective of children with sickle cell disease. A systematic literature search revealed nine relevant papers, which were synthesised by extracting findings related to communication about sickle cell disease. Children were found to receive inconsistent messages about their condition from different personal and professional groups. Communication about the prognosis of sickle cell disease and the social acceptability of the condition differed across the groups. The implications for children's understandings of their condition and their adjustment are discussed. Paper two presents an empirical study of parental communication experiences with children affected by sickle cell disease. Twelve interviews were conducted and subject to inductive thematic analysis which was applied within a contextualist epistemological framework. Parents described skills in 'coaching' their child to negotiate the various challenges associated with managing sickle cell disease. They also described ways in which they avoided challenging topics of communication such as inheritance, the risk of comorbid disease and the life-long nature of the condition. The findings suggest a need for healthcare professionals to support parents in overcoming barriers to talking about difficult topics. This may facilitate more consistent communication between parents and professionals, which has implications for improving child wellbeing and adjustment. Paper three is a reflective piece and is not intended for publication. It critically evaluates papers one and two and discusses the joint implications of the findings for research and clinical practice. Reflections on the experience of conducting a meta-synthesis and an empirical qualitative study are offered in the context of personal and professional development.
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Rees, R. W. "Inclusive approaches to the synthesis of qualitative research : harnessing perspectives and participation to inform equitable public health policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10039676/.
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There is a pressing need to understand inequalities in health and how these might be addressed. In this thesis I explore an area of research practice in the field of public health that holds potential for addressing inequalities; the point at which there is overlap between the influences of two current and influential developments in research. These developments are: an increasing interest in the use of systematic methods to review studies of people’s experiences of their everyday lives (qualitative evidence synthesis); and a turn towards the active participation in the design and conduct of research of people from all walks of life, but in particular people that hold marginalized positions in society (inclusive research). A claim seen within both developments is that research can contribute towards changing the ‘status quo’, however little guidance exists for researchers who want to bring both ideas together and conduct systematic reviews of qualitative evidence in ways that bring the insights and rights of people from marginalised groups to the fore. I will argue that the publications that I have submitted for consideration as part of this thesis, as well as providing substantive findings about the perspectives of people from groups that can be considered marginalized, provide a novel contribution to the literatures about qualitative evidence synthesis and inclusive research methods. I conclude that principles of inclusive research can usefully be applied at several points during the research journey of a qualitative evidence synthesis so as to aid the production of findings about the perspectives of marginalised groups that have transformative potential. However, if systematic reviews of qualitative evidence are to be directed at addressing social marginalisation, then thinking about the human drivers of this work is likely to be an essential step in review planning.
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Lopes, Ana Lúcia Mendes. "Processos de educação em saúde na cessação do tabagismo: revisão sistemática e metassíntese." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7137/tde-13062008-110538/.
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Realizou-se estudo exploratório de revisão bibliográfica sistemática e metassíntese visando descrever e analisar aspectos das práticas educativas em saúde, voltados ao desenvolvimento de habilidades para a cessação do tabagismo, traduzidas na interpretação de autores de pesquisas qualitativas publicadas em periódicos entre 2000 e 2007. Concebeu-se a questão do tabagismo como um problema de enfrentamento complexo, que demanda intervenções em vários âmbitos. Destacou-se a educação em saúde, como campo estratégico e instrumental da promoção da saúde, que sob a perspectiva do \"empowerment\" e \"empowerment education\", é passível de atuação do profissional de saúde. Utilizando-se do instrumental metodológico da metassíntese qualitativa, descrito por Sandelowski e Barroso (2003), identificou-se a produção científica de pesquisas qualitativas originais sobre experiências relativas às práticas educativas na cessação do tabagismo, indexadas nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, CINAHL e LILACS. Para tanto utilizou-se os descritores pesquisa qualitativa, educação em saúde e tabagismo, além de descritores de texto livre e palavras com truncamento, visando a identificação ampliada de artigos que pudessem ser relevantes. Mapeou-se os artigos selecionados para a amostra bibliográfica segundo suas características gerais, aplicando-se os critérios de qualidade, dados pelo instrumento \"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, CASP\" (© Milton Keynes Primary Care Trust, 2002). Os resultados desta produção foram integrados através da análise de conteúdo descrita por Minayo (2004), de modo a buscar temas relacionados à educação em saúde, aos quais foram combinados atributos (ou sub-temas). A busca bibliográfica resultou na identificação de 989 citações nessa temática, das quais 634 foram consideradas relevantes. Após seleção com base na leitura do título, a seguir dos abstracts (340) e por fim dos artigos na íntegra (88), foram classificadas 14 publicações como pertinentes para este estudo. Na metassíntese os aspectos recorrentes e as diferenças entre os artigos foram agrupados em duas modalidades temáticas: contexto dos sujeitos (descrevendo os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores do processo de cessação do tabagismo) e abordagem educativa (com processos facilitadores e dificultadores dos programas de cessação do tabagismo e da relação profissional-paciente apresentados em quadro temático, com comentários). As estratégias de abordagem do processo educativo foram classificadas com base nos elementos da promoção da saúde e nos modelos educacionais. Conclui-se que a metassíntese apresenta-se como metodologia relevante no âmbito da enfermagem (que tem vasta produção de pesquisa qualitativa), pois favorece análises e interpretações com potencial de proporcionar visibilidade e impacto no processo de cuidar e ser cuidado, fornecendo elementos para tomada de decisão. A compreensão sobre temas relacionados às abordagens educativas em saúde, nos processos de cessação do tabagismo, e o seu significado para os pacientes foi ampliadaAn explorative systematic bibliographic review and meta-synthesis was realized looking to describe and analyze aspects of the educational practices in health, directed to the development of abilities for the smoking cessation, translated through the interpretation of the authors of the qualitative researches published in journals from 2000 to 2007. The smoking question was identified as a complex approach problem, which requires interventions from various aspects. Health education was emphasized, which under the perspective of the empowerment and empowerment education, is liable to the performance of the health professional. Using the qualitative meta-synthesis instrumental method described by Sandelowski and Barroso (2003), it was possible to identify a scientific production of primary qualitative researches about educational practices in the smoking cessation, indexed in MEDLINE, CINAHL and LILACS databasis. For this was used qualitative research controlled vocabulary, health education and smoking, besides the free texts and words with truncation, looking to increase the identification of the studies that may be relevant. The selected studies were identified according to its general characteristics, having been applied quality criterias supplied by the \"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, CASP\" (© Milton Keynes Primary Care Trust, 2002) instrument. The results of this production were integrated through the analysis of content described by Minayo (2004), in order to look for themes related to health education, of which had attributes (sub-themes) combined to them. The bibliographic research resulted in the identification of 989 citations about this theme, where 634 were considered relevant. After the selection based on the title of the studie, following the abstracts (340) and finally of the reading of 88 complete studies, 14 publications were classified as being pertinent to this study. In the meta-synthesis the reoccurring aspects and the differences between the studies were separated in two types of themes: context of the subjects (describing the facilitating and difficulting facts of the smoking cessation process) and education approach (with facilitating and difficulting processes of the smoking cessation programs and of the patient-professional relationship presented in a theme board, with comments). The strategies used in the educational processes were classified based on the elements of the health promotion and on educational models. We conclude that the meta-synthesis presents itself as a relevant methodology in nursing environment (which provides vast qualitative research productions), because it helps in analysis and interpretations with the potential of facilitating visibility and impact in the process of taking care and being taken care of, supplying elements for decision making. The comprehension about themes related to health educational approaches, in the smoking cessation processes, and its meaning to patients, has been increased
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Sartorio, Natalia de Araujo. "Potencialidades e limitações do uso da fotografia na pesquisa qualitativa de enfermagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-20062011-142603/.
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A tradição do uso da fotografia na pesquisa social remonta ao século XIX, com os primeiros trabalhos da Antropologia que usaram-na para registrar costumes e tradições de povos considerados exóticos. A seguir, a Sociologia, a História e a Psicologia, dentre outras disciplinas se interessaram pelo uso da foto para o registro do real e, também, como auxiliar na obtenção de dados subjetivos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram identificar o uso que vem sendo feito da fotografia na pesquisa qualitativa na enfermagem e sintetizar as potencialidades e limites desse uso. Procedeu-se a uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura e Metassíntese de estudos primários que fossem pesquisas qualitativas, feitas por enfermeiras ou que tivessem a Enfermagem como objeto e que registrassem o uso da fotografia em algum momento de seu método. Os termos para a busca foram: Fotografia, Pesquisa Qualitativa e Enfermagem. As bases de dados pesquisadas incluíram: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ISI, BVS, Scielo. Não houve limite de tempo de publicação. A amostra final incluiu 31 artigos. Os resultados apontaram o uso da fotografia nos métodos: Photovoice, Foto-Elicitação, Etnografias e Mistos. As potencialidades foram: Emancipação dos sujeitos; Dar voz a grupos vulneráveis; Melhor compreensão da situação do sujeito; Registro detalhado do real, Maior riqueza dos dados obtidos; Permite ao sujeito rever suas experiências de vida; Efeito terapêutico para os sujeitos; Mais proximidade entre o entrevistador e o sujeito; Conferir protagonismo aos sujeitos; Divulgação de acervos e Aceitação do Método. As limitações foram: Habilidade no manuseio da câmara fotográfica; Censura dos familiares às fotografias; Invasão da privacidade individual e familiar; Risco de manipulação dos dados; Disponibilidade de equipamento; Custo e necessidade de pessoal especializado; Dados oriundos de fontes secundárias. Com esses resultados, especialmente ao se considerar as potencialidades, conclui-se que a fotografia é um recurso útil na pesquisa qualitativa que permite ao enfermeiro, enquanto pesquisador, dar conta das peculiaridades da enfermagem como uma prática social, contribuindo para emancipação de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade.The tradition of using photography in social research goes back to the nineteenth century to the early work of anthropology, which used it to record habits and traditions of exotic populations. Then, sociology, history and psychology, among other disciplines became interested in using photos to register reality and also as a tool to obtain subjective data. The aims of the present study were to identify what is being done using photography in qualitative research in nursing and summarize the potentialities and limitations of such use. A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis of primary studies has been done. It included qualitative research studies done by nurses or about nurses that had used photography on their Method. The terms defined to guide the search were: Photography, Qualitative Research and Nursing. The databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ISI, BVS e SciELO. There was no time limit for publication. The final sample included 31 articles. The results showed the use of photography in the following methods: Photovoice, Photo-Elicitation, Ethnographies and Mixed Methods. The potentialities identified for photography usage were: Emancipation of subjects; Giving voice to vulnerable groups; Better understanding of subjects situation; Detailed recording of reality; Richness of data obtained; Allowing the subject to review their life experiences; Therapeutic effect in subjects; Proximity between the interviewer and the subject; Giving prominence to the subject; Dissemination of collections and the method acceptance. The limitations identified were: Skill in handling the camera; Family censorship; Invasion of individual and familiar privacy; Risk of data manipulation; Equipment availability; Cost and need for specialized personnel; and Data from secondary sources. With these results, especially when considering the potentialities presented, it is concluded that photography is a useful resource for qualitative research that allows nurses as researchers, to account for the peculiarities of nursing as a social practice, contributing to the empowerment of vulnerable population.
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Ouellette, Jodi. "Exploring Parental Experiences of Continuing Pregnancy in the Presence of a Life-Limiting Fetal Condition: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42784.
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Background: The field of perinatal palliative care aims to support the unique needs of parents who choose to continue pregnancy following the diagnosis of a life-limiting fetal condition (LLFC). As parents navigate this challenging trajectory, the support they receive from healthcare providers is crucial in shaping parental experiences.
Objective: to critically reflect on existing literature and to reveal a deeper understanding of the experience of continuing pregnancy in the presence of a LLFC
Design: Qualitative meta-synthesis
Methods: The primary search strategy consisted of multiple searches within four electronic databases. The analysis was guided by thematic analysis.
Results: This meta-synthesis included 29 qualitative studies. Three main themes were identified; time, uncertainty and relationships. These concepts exist concurrently within this trajectory and continuously influence each other as well as the overall experiences of parents.
Conclusion: Nurses are encouraged to acknowledge the significance of the interconnectedness between these key concepts and to critically reflect on how their everyday interactions become part of parents’ lived experiences.
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Meaden, Ann. "The experience of rational emotive behaviour therapy." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/113730.
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The literature review produced for this thesis systematically analysed qualitative studies of cognitive therapy using a methodology checklist and a meta-synthesis technique. Ten papers which used qualitative analysis to look at clients’ experiences of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) met the selection criteria. Seven themes emerged. Three were linked to a therapeutic relationships theme; the trusted listener, power and authority and others like me. Four were linked to the impact of cognitive therapy theme; empowering information, analysing the problem, thinking differently and doing things differently. It was concluded that future research should focus on the components of cognitive therapy and that differences in technique between CBT and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) should be explored via a qualitative study of clients’ experiences of REBT. A qualitative approach was taken to look at clients’ experiences of REBT. Seven participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide and the resulting transcripts were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Three themes emerged: one which looked at what it was like to have mental health problems; a second, which looked at clients’ expectations and experiences of the more technical aspects of therapy, and a third which examined the therapeutic relationship. All of the participants appeared to value therapy. However, the extent to which they knew about and used the theory and philosophy of REBT varied greatly. These results suggest that further research needs to be carried out which looks at how people benefit from therapy as clients views may differ from those of therapists. A critical appraisal of the research process was written using the REBT model to reflect the experience of producing the thesis.
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Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma, Mary Ann Littleton, Christian Nwabueze, Oluwaseun Famojuro, Megan Quinn, Richard Wallace, and Hadii M. Mamudu. "A Qualitative Research Synthesis of Contextual Factors Contributing to Female Overweight and Obesity over the Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2001. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6776.
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Objective: Adult women are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Existing evidence on the sociocultural context remains unconsolidated. In this qualitative research synthesis, we aggregate research literature on contextual factors that potentially predispose adult women and adolescent girls to overweight and obesity to inform research, policies and programs over the life course.
Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ProQuest Central, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to locate qualitative research articles conducted in SSA countries beginning in the year 2000. After assessment for eligibility and critical appraisal, 17 studies were included in the synthesis. Textual data and quotes were synthesized using meta-aggregation methods proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.
Results: The synthesized studies were conducted in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya and Botswana. The three overarching themes across these studies were body size and shape ideals, barriers to healthy eating, and barriers to physical activity, with cultural and social factors as cross-cutting influences within the major themes. Culturally, the supposedly ideal African woman was expected to be overweight or obese, and voluptuous, and this was associated with their identity. Although being overweight or obese was not acceptable to adolescent girls, they desired to be voluptuous. Healthy food choices among women and adolescent girls were hampered by several factors including affordability of nutritious foods and peer victimization. Both adult women and adolescent girls experienced ageism as a barrier to physical activity.
Significance: This is the first qualitative research synthesis to amplify the voices of women and girls in SSA countries highlighting the challenges they face in maintaining a healthy body weight. Sociocultural, institutional and peer-related factors were powerful forces shaping body size preferences, food choices and participation in physical activity. Our study findings provide insights for the design of contextually appropriate obesity prevention interventions and lay the foundation for further research studies.
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Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma, Mary Ann Littleton, Christian Nwabueze, Oluwaseun Famojuro, Megan Quinn, Rick L. Wallace, and Hadii M. Mamudu. "A Qualitative Research Synthesis of Contextual Factors Contributing to Female Overweight and Obesity over the Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6776.
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Objective: Adult women are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Existing evidence on the sociocultural context remains unconsolidated. In this qualitative research synthesis, we aggregate research literature on contextual factors that potentially predispose adult women and adolescent girls to overweight and obesity to inform research, policies and programs over the life course.
Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ProQuest Central, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to locate qualitative research articles conducted in SSA countries beginning in the year 2000. After assessment for eligibility and critical appraisal, 17 studies were included in the synthesis. Textual data and quotes were synthesized using meta-aggregation methods proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.
Results: The synthesized studies were conducted in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya and Botswana. The three overarching themes across these studies were body size and shape ideals, barriers to healthy eating, and barriers to physical activity, with cultural and social factors as cross-cutting influences within the major themes. Culturally, the supposedly ideal African woman was expected to be overweight or obese, and voluptuous, and this was associated with their identity. Although being overweight or obese was not acceptable to adolescent girls, they desired to be voluptuous. Healthy food choices among women and adolescent girls were hampered by several factors including affordability of nutritious foods and peer victimization. Both adult women and adolescent girls experienced ageism as a barrier to physical activity.
Significance: This is the first qualitative research synthesis to amplify the voices of women and girls in SSA countries highlighting the challenges they face in maintaining a healthy body weight. Sociocultural, institutional and peer-related factors were powerful forces shaping body size preferences, food choices and participation in physical activity. Our study findings provide insights for the design of contextually appropriate obesity prevention interventions and lay the foundation for further research studies.
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Siddiq, Shabnaz. "Experiences of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMD) in Canada: Qualitative Description and Identification of Patient- and Family-Centred Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34273.
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Objectives: The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) understand the experiences of parents/caregivers of children with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), including perceptions of the health care system; and (ii) identify important patient/family-centred outcomes for measurement in future studies.
Methods: A qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insight into caregivers’ experiences. In an adapted meta-synthesis study, the qualitative findings were integrated with the results of related research to identify priority outcomes.
Results: Twenty-one caregivers were interviewed. Participants described adjusting to the management of their child’s illness through specific coping strategies but reported stress related to social development. While generally satisfied with disease-specific care, participants described negative experiences with non IMD-specific health services. Health-related quality of life, parental coping, and specific experiences with health care emerged as high-priority outcomes.
Conclusions: This project contributes to the limited published literature on caregiver experiences with pediatric IMD and informs future patient-centred research.
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Johnston, Sarah Louise. "Women's experiences of vaginismus and its treatment : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28264.
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Female sexual pain is a common problem affecting women worldwide yet remains a poorly researched area of women’s sexual health. Dyspareunia and vaginismus are two types of sexual pain disorder each having psychological and physical health consequences for women and their partners. Part 1: A literature review of the qualitative research literature exploring women’s experiences of sexual pain disorders and their treatment was conducted adopting a narrative synthesis approach. Searches of psychological and medical electronic databases highlighted the paucity of research exploring women’s experiences of sexual pain disorders. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The type of qualitative method and quality varied. Findings highlighted the complexity of women’s experiences of sexual pain. Positive experiences of treatment identified alternative benefits of treatment in addition to the traditional outcome of vaginal penetration and penetration without pain. Existing literature has focussed on dyspareunia, and further research is needed on vaginismus. Part 2: The research study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of women’s experiences of vaginismus. Three women were interviewed about their experiences of vaginismus and the treatment they received. Interview transcripts were analysed using IPA. The findings identified the complexity of experiencing vaginismus, the struggle the women faced when trying to make sense of their vaginismus and the wider impact of these experiences on their identity. The findings highlight the value of psychological therapy with this client group and of the need to raise awareness amongst primary care professionals whom women with vaginismus are likely to consult in the first instance. Part 3: A critical appraisal of the research process is presented with focus on the experience of conducting qualitative research as a trainee clinical psychologist. A discussion of the findings is presented in the context of critical reflections on both the strengths and limitations of the study.
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LIMA, LEONARDO MELO DE. "SYNTHESIS OF CDTE AND AG NANOPARTICLES IN MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS AIMING A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INTERACTION IN FLOW AND THE PREPARATION OF THIN FILMS OF THESE NANOMATERIALS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33714@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Materiais nanoestruturados como nanocristais semicondutores de telureto de cádmio (QDs de CdTe) e nanopartículas metálicas de prata (NPsAg) têm sido utilizados como nanosondas analíticas, explorando suas propriedades de luminescência e de ressonância de superfície plasmônica localizada (LSPR), respectivamente, sejam em dispersão coloidal ou em filmes finos. Em função das suas configurações experimentais, sistemas microfluídicos podem ser utilizados tanto para síntese de materiais nanoestruturados quanto para análise de analitos de interesses biológicos. No presente estudo, QDs-CdTe encapados com ácido tioglicólico (TGA) foram sintetizados em batelada e em regime de fluxo contínuo a partir da injeção dos precursores de cádmio e telúrio por bombas-seringas para um sistema de tubos de aço passando por fornos tubulares horizontais com controladores de temperatura (110-140 graus Celsius). Para otimizar os parâmetros experimentais foram variados a taxa de vazão volumétrica (0,15 - 0,03 mL min(-1)) e a razão molar de Cd:Te (1:0,3 - 1:1,5). Os resultados demonstraram que o efeito da razão molar na síntese de QDs apresentou ser mais significativo em comparação à variação da temperatura, obtendo QDs com FWHM de 64 – 86 nm. Filmes luminescentes poliméricos de PVA e PDMS foram desenvolvidos pelas técnicas de impregnação, mistura de QDs na matriz polimérica e por spin coating. Pela técnica de spin coating foram produzidos filmes de 58,7 nm. Filmes de QDs sobre substrato de vidro foram obtidos pelo processo de silanização da superfície do vidro. Todos os filmes apresentaram instabilidade de luminescência ao longo do tempo. Dispersões coloidais de NPsAg revestidas com ligantes orgânicos citrato e tartarato, nas razões Ag+:ligante (1:1 e 1:0,5), foram sintetizadas a partir da injeção dos ligantes e nitrato de prata por bombas-seringas em um microrreator tubular polimérico. As NPsAg-citrato e NPsAg-tartarato apresentaram cargas superficiais negativas e tamanhos médios de 12,5 nm. As bandas LSPR foram observadas para monitorar a interação entre as nanosonda de prata e os fármacos aminoglicosidico em fluxo contínuo mediante um fotômetro acoplado a uma cela de fluxo. Nas concentrações iguais ou maior que 2 × 10(-7) mol L(-1), produziu uma mudança no perfil espectral da nanosonda de NPsAg, com o decaimento do sinal no comprimento de onda 404 nm e o surgimento de uma nova banda em 480 nm, resultante da aglomeração das nanopartículas. Além disso, as NPsAg-tartarato foram depositadas sobre substrato de vidro para realização de filmes fino com objetivo de desenvolver, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), um biosensor baseado na ressonância plasmônica localizada (LSPR) para determinação do antígeno Candida albicans.
Nanostructured materials such as cadmium telluride semiconductor nanocrystals (QDs-CdTe) and silver nanoparticles (NPsAg) have been used as analytical nanoprobes, exploiting their luminescence properties and localized plasmonic surface resonance (LSPR), respectively, both in colloidal suspension or on thin solid films. Due to their experimental set-up, microfluidic systems can be used, both, for synthesis of nanostructured materials and for the analytic detection of biological and pharmaceutical compounds. In the present study, thioglycolic acid (TGA) coated QDs-CdTe were synthesized in batch and in a continuous flow regime from the injection of cadmium and tellurium precursors by syringe pumps into a steel tubes through horizontal tubular furnaces with temperature controllers (110 - 140 Celsius degrees). To optimize the experimental conditions, we modulate the volumetric flow rate (0.15 - 0.03 mL min(-1)) and the Cd:Te molar ratio (1:0.3 - 1:1.5). The results showed that the effect of the molar ratio on the synthesis of QDs was more significant compared to the temperature variation, obtaining QDs with FWHM of 64 - 86 nm. Polimeric luminescent films with PDMS e PVA were developed with impregnation, mixing QDs-TGA in PDMS and PVA and spin coating techniques. By the spin coating technique we produced luminescent film of 58.7 nm thickness. QDs-TGA film on glass substrate were obtained by means of surface silanization.All the film showed luminescence instability over time. Colloidal dispersions of NPsAg coated with the organic citrate and tartrate ligands in the Ag+/ligand ratios (1:1 and 1:0.5) were synthesized from the injection of organic ligands and silver nitrate by syringe pumps into a polymeric tubular micro-reactor. NPsAg-citrate and NPsAg-tartrate presented negative surface charges and average sizes of 12.5. The SPR band was monitored to follow the interation between the silver nanoprobe with kanamycin and neomycin drugs by means of a flow cell coupled to a photometry. At concentrations equal or greater than 2 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) the LSPR band changed its spectral profile. LSPR maximum band, centered at 404 nm, decaied and appeared a new band at 480 nm resulting from the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Moreover, in a partnership with the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), NPsAg-tartarate were deposited on glass for the realization of thin film with the object to development a biosensor based on localized plasmon resonance (LSPR) for determination of Candida albicans antigen.
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Allen, Zoe Elizabeth. "Dentists' perceptions of their professional roles in the context of referral decisions in Primary Dental Care in England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11300.
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Background: Within Primary Dental Care (PDC), there is variation in dentists’ views about who should be treated in general dental practices and who should be referred to community dental services (CDSs), creating confusion about where patients can access dental care. Aims: This research aimed to explore the meanings which general dental practitioners (GDPs) and community dentists in England ascribe to their roles. It focused on why they make, accept or decline patient referrals within PDC. Methods: I conducted a configurative systematic review of literature about referrals within PDC in the UK. Data were synthesised using Critical Interpretive Synthesis. I interviewed ten GDPs and twelve community dentists working in England, covering topics informed by the systematic review. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Synthesising the literature showed that referral decisions were influenced by non-clinical factors including policies, financial contracts and dentists’ perceptions and values. Authors rarely reported directly from the perspective of primary care dentists. The interview study findings showed that the business of dentistry defined GDPs’ roles. Obscure rules and complex care systems underpinned community dentists’ roles. Participants depicted vulnerable people within ‘no man’s land’, situated between GDPs and community dentists. Vulnerable people included frail, older people, anxious and socially excluded adults, and children with high levels of disease. I identified three typologies of dentists. ‘Entrepreneurs’ felt no allegiance to the NHS and no obligation to treat vulnerable patients. ‘Altruistic carers’ cared for complex, deserving patients, rather than vulnerable patients. ‘Pragmatic carers’ accommodated some vulnerable patients but felt constrained from doing so by structural barriers. Conclusions: This study adds to our understanding of why dentists make, accept or decline referrals within PDC in England. It suggests that failure to resolve structural barriers or to consider dentists’ values will hinder attempts to reduce inequalities in access to PDC in England.
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Truter, Elmien. "South African social workers at risk : exploring pathways to their resilience / Elmien Truter." Thesis, North-West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10645.
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Social workers worldwide play a pivotal role in delivering social services to those in need of such services. Designated social workers (DSWs) deliver statutory services pertaining to the protection of children in need of care and protection. All social workers are confronted by several professional risk factors that jeopardise their well-being; yet risks specifically observed in DSWs support the plea to enhance their resilience. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological inquiry was to explore pathways of resilience among resilient South African DSWs by studying relevant literature and examining South African DSWs’ lived experiences. A secondary purpose was to draw on these experiences and literature to develop guidelines for South African DSW supervisors who may encourage the promotion of DSW resilience. Conducting a qualitative research synthesis was the first step and resulted in the confirmation of social worker risk and a deficient understanding of South African DSW resilience. An advisory panel of social work, DSW, and resilience experts assembled and formulated indicators of resilience in resilient South African DSWs, namely: a value-embedded life, having a support network, and having personal strengths, which, next, facilitated the identification of 15 resilient South African DSWs through snowball sampling. These 15 DSWs wrote narratives and were interviewed through semi-structured interviews in order to explore their lived experiences of workplace risks and their resilience processes. The findings concluded that these DSWs adapted to workplace adversities by living a purpose- and practice-informing creed, enjoying supportive collaborations, engaging in constructive transactions, and accentuating the positive. Guidelines for South African DSW supervisors, which emerged from these findings and literature, were proposed to be framed by reflective supervision as a step towards promoting South African DSW resilience.PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Pinnawala, Arachchilage Gayani Wasana Premathilake. "Part I: Design and Synthesis of Organic Materials for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Part II: Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Study of the Behavior of Surfactant on Crude Oil Recovery Processes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1275350867.
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Ring, Nicola A. "A critical analysis of evidence-based practice in healthcare : the case of asthma action plans." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13061.
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Evidence-based practice is an integral part of multi-disciplinary healthcare, but its routine clinical implementation remains a challenge internationally. Written asthma action plans are an example of sub-optimal evidence-based practice because, despite being recommended, these plans are under-issued by health professionals and under-used by patients/carers. This thesis is a critical analysis of the generation and implementation of evidence in this area and provides fresh insight into this specific theory/practice gap. This submission brings together, in five published papers, a body of work conducted by the candidate. Findings report that known barriers to action plan use (such as a lack of practitioner time) are symptomatic of deeper and more complex underlying factors. In particular, over-reliance on knowledge derived from randomised controlled trials and their systematic review, as the primary and sole source of evidence for healthcare practice, hindered the implementation of these plans. A lack of evidence reflecting the personal experience of using these plans in the real world, rather than in trial settings, contributed to a mismatch between what patients/carers want from asthma action plans and what they are currently being provided with by professionals. This submission illustrates the benefits of utilising a broader range of knowledge as a basis for clinical practice. The presented papers report how new and innovative research methodologies (including meta-ethnography and cross-study synthesis) can be used to synthesise individual studies reporting the personal experiences of patients and professionals and how such findings can then be used to better understand why interventions can be implemented in trial settings rather than everyday practice. Whilst these emerging approaches have great potential to contribute to evidence-based practice by, for example, strengthening the ‘weight’ of experiential knowledge, there are methodological challenges which, whilst acknowledged, have yet to be fully addressed.
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Baker, Paul. "Adjustment, psychological functioning and health-related quality of life in adults with primary malignant brain tumours." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adjustment-psychological-functioning-and-healthrelated-quality-of-life-in-adults-with-primary-malignant-brain-tumours(82b28649-fe7f-4000-a5b9-c6fc26ea810b).html.
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The thesis has been prepared in a paper-based format and includes three papers: Paper 1, a systematic review; Paper 2, an empirical study; and Paper 3, a critical appraisal and reflection on the work. Paper 1 has been prepared for submission to Neuro-Oncology. The paper presents a systematic review of 21 studies concerning the relationships of demographic, clinical and mental health factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological functioning in adults with primary malignant brain tumours. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) principles. Methodological qualities of studies included were appraised using a checklist based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (Wells et al, n.d.).Findings were synthesised narratively adhering to published guidelines (Popay et al, 2006). The review identified evidence for factors relating to HRQoL and psychological functioning, offered several considerations for clinical practice, and outlined recommendations for improving the methodological rigour of future research. Paper 2 has been prepared for submission to Psycho-Oncology and presents the findings of a qualitative study of patients’ psychological adjustment to glioblastoma, the most aggressive and most common form of brain tumour in adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants 3.3-5.1 months post-diagnosis. Data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology (Charmaz, 2014). Analysis yielded three theoretical categories describing processes of maintaining continuity with the past, reframing the present and changing to accommodate an uncertain future. The implications of these findings on current supportive interventions are discussed. Paper 3 is not intended for publication. It offers a critical appraisal of the individual papers and the research process overall, considering their strengths and limitations. The paper also discusses issues of reflexivity encountered during the empirical study, and considers the implications of this research for the author’s professional development as a clinical psychologist.
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Ryan, Seamus. "Recovery from psychosis in primary care." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/recovery-from-psychosis-in-primary-care(be36b65f-0767-4c0a-80d2-aca8f9c83f22).html.
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This thesis aimed to explore personal definitions and experiences of recovery from psychosis for service users (SUs) and general practitioners (GPs), as well as indentify factors which might promote or hinder recovery in a primary care context, and identify interventions which might be required to enhance the promotion of recovery in primary care. A review of existing literature pertaining to the concept of 'recovery' was undertaken, and differing conceptualisations of 'recovery' were analysed and synthesised through the use of a Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 GPs and 20 SUs. Two mixed focus groups were also carried out as follow-ups with 5 GPs and 5 SUs. The data was analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. Factors reported to promote recovery in primary care included: autonomy, choice, and empowerment for SUs in treatment decisions; signposting of peer-supported groups and services by GPs; enhancement of SUs' social support networks by GPs; advocacy and independent analysis provided by GPs; a whole-person approach to recovery (social and biomedical); less stigmatising environment of primary care; and families of SUs and GPs working together in collaboration, often having built up a trusting relationship over time through continuity of care. The following potential interventions for enhancing recovery in primary care were identified: SU-led training for GPs regarding psychosis knowledge and attitudes; raising GPs' awareness of local services and groups by encouraging service managers and group organisers to visit GP practices; establishing GP peer supervision forums; improving access to GPs with a Special Interest in Mental Health (GPwSIs); shifting a greater degree of responsibility for recovery from psychosis to primary care from secondary care; reinforcing amongst GPs an awareness of the important role which primary care can play in promoting recovery; facilitating continuity of care within large practices where feasible; and encouraging GPs to alert SUs to seriousness of potential side-effects of medication before and during treatment. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and future research were discussed.
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Turandar, Jasmine. "Polycystisk ovarialsyndrom: Se kvinnan bakom diagnosen : En kvalitativ metasyntes." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sexuell, reproduktiv och perinatal hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35647.
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Bakgrund: Polycystisk ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) är den vanligaste hormonella rubbningen hos fertila kvinnor, ändå är den okänd för många. Det finns ett flertal symtom där dessa varierar från kvinna till kvinna. Okunskap kring PCOSförekommer både i vården liksom i samhället och diagnosen kan därför vara svåratt upptäcka. Att leva med symtomen från PCOS kan påverka negativt både kroppsligt och psykiskt. Hur kvinnor med diagnosen upplever PCOS behöverlyftas fram och förståelsen för dem behöver ökas både inom vården liksom förkvinnorna med PCOS. Med ökad förståelse kan ett bättre bemötande och vård ges.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med Polycystiskovarialsyndrom. Metod: Kvalitativ metasyntes med metaetnografisk analysmetod.16 kvalitativa artiklar är inkluderade i resultatet och samtliga artiklar hargenomgått en kvalitetsgranskning. Tre databaser användes vid insamling av data; Cinahl, Medline och PubMed. Resultat: Resultatet lyfter fram att flertalet kvinnorfick diagnos efter en lång tid och där kvinnorna ibland behövde vara påstridiga,medan i andra fall diagnosticerades PCOS som bifynd. Vissa kvinnor kände inte till att deras symtom kunde vara något avvikande och sökte sig därför inte till vården. Information om PCOS från vården mötte inte alltid patienternas behov.Fertilitetsaspekten ansågs vara det som fokuserades mest på från vårdens sida ochatt de psykologiska aspekterna glömdes bort. Symtom som övervikt och hirsutism påverkade det sociala livet negativt och psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande.Slutsats: PCOS behöver uppmärksammas mer och normaliseras. En mer holistiskvård där fokus inte enbart ligger på det medicinska aspekterna, utan även ser till individens behov av stöd och information hade gynnat bemötandet och vårdandet till kvinnor med PCOS.Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal condition amongst fertile women, yet it is still unknown for many. There are several symptoms that may vary from woman to woman. Ignorance of polycystic ovary syndrome occurs in healthcare and in society and can be difficult to detect.Living with the symptoms of PCOS can have a negative effect both physically andmentally. How women with the diagnosis experience PCOS needs to be highlighted and the understanding of them needs to be increased, both inhealthcare and for the women with PCOS. With increased understanding, bettertreatment and care can be provided. Aim: The purpose was to describe women’sexperiences of living with Polycystic ovary syndrome. Method: Qualitative meta synthesis with meta ethnographic analysis method. A total of 16 articles wereincluded and all passed through a quality critique checklist. The articles werecollected from three databases: Cinahl, Medline and PubMed. Findings: It couldtake a long time for a diagnosis to be made and sometimes the women had to be persistent, while others could be diagnoses as an incidental finding. Some womendid not know that their symptoms were not normal and therefore did not seekmedical care. Information about PCOS from the health care did not always meetthe patient’s needs. The fertility aspect was thought to be the main focus from the health care providers and that the phycological aspects were forgotten. Symptoms like overweight and hirsutism affected the social life in a negative way and mental illness was common. Conclusion: Polycystic ovary syndrome needs to be brought more attention to and to be normalized. A more holistic care where not only the main focus is on the medical aspects of PCOS, but instead also sees that the individuals need for support and information can be met.
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Galliard, Helen. "What are parents' experiences of caring for their children with epilepsy? : a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis ; and, Mothers' experiences of being told about the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) for their child : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31424.
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Background: Parents of children with epilepsy have been shown to have higher rates of depression, anxiety and stress in comparison to parents of children without epilepsy due to the impact of caring for a child with a chronic condition. A systematic review of existing literature aimed to identify qualitative research that examined parents' experiences of caring for their children with epilepsy. Methods: The systematic review explored the experiences that parents have in caring for their child with epilepsy. A search of electronic databases for qualitative literature was completed. The quality of all eligible articles papers was assessed, and findings from studies were synthesised. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for the review; findings suggest that parents need time to process their child's diagnosis of epilepsy; they cope with this in differing ways and are motivated to learn how to adapt and cope with parenting their child with epilepsy. Conclusions: Parents of children with epilepsy may experience symptoms of stress, this may motivate them to learn how best to care for their child. Empirical Paper Abstract Background: Parents' experiences of being told about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) may be particularly challenging to cope with. As little is known about how mothers understand and make sense of SUDEP, a qualitative research project aimed to explore mothers' experiences. It was hoped this would be helpful for clinicians to understand in order to assist them in providing information to parents in a way that minimises distress. Methods: The empirical article explored mother's experiences of being told about SUDEP and the subsequent impact of this for 11 mothers of children with epilepsy. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodology was utilised, with themes derived from interpretation of interview transcripts, in order to describe the experiences of the participants. Results: Within the empirical study, five themes emerged. The way in which mothers found out about SUDEP seemed to have a link to their perception of risk and how they subsequently managed feelings of uncertainty and the psychological impact of knowing about SUDEP. Mothers' recommendations to clinicians included when, how and what to tell other parents, and were based on their own helpful and unhelpful experiences of being informed about SUDEP. Conclusions: In being told about SUDEP, mothers may struggle to make sense of it and this can be associated with an increase in anxiety. However, clinicians can reduce potential distress by carefully timing when and how they tell parents, and by making sure information is clear and relevant for the child in question.
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Hughes-Morley, Adwoa. "What are effective methods to recruit research participants into mental health trials?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/what-are-effective-methods-to-recruit-research-participants-into-mental-health-trials(00c200de-b35f-4389-b9a4-afdfb9205453).html.
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Background: There is a great need for effective treatments for mental health problems. Randomised controlled trials are the gold standard for evaluating treatments, however recruitment into trials is challenging, highlighting a clear need for evidence-based recruitment strategies. This thesis aimed to systematically develop a recruitment intervention and evaluate its effectiveness for improving the recruitment of participants into mental health trials. Methods: A mixed-methods approach, adopting the Medical Research Council’s complex interventions framework: 1) a systematic review to identify the evidence base and describe the factors affecting recruitment into depression trials; 2) a qualitative study to understand patients’ decision-making process in declining to enrol in a depression trial; 3) development of a recruitment intervention, using Participatory Design methods; and 4) evaluation of the recruitment intervention, using a randomised controlled trial, embedded in an ongoing mental health trial (the EQUIP trial). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants enrolled in EQUIP. Results: From the systematic review, a conceptual framework of factors influencing the decision to participate was developed, which highlighted that the decision to enrol involves a judgement between risk and reward. Findings suggested that patient and public involvement in research (PPIR) might be advertised to potential participants to reduce such perceived risk. The qualitative study found positive views of trials. Interviewees’ decision making resembled a four-stage process; in each stage they either decided to decline or progressed to the next stage. In Stage 1, those with an established position of declining trials opted out – they are termed ‘prior decliners’. In Stage 2, those who opted out after judging themselves ineligible are termed ‘self-excluders’. In Stage 3, those who decided they did not need the trial therapy and opted out are termed ‘treatment decliners’. In Stage 4, those who opted out after judging that disadvantages outweighed advantages are termed ‘trial decliners’. While ‘prior decliners’ are unlikely to respond to trial recruitment initiatives, the factors leading others to decline are amenable to amelioration as they do not arise from a rejection of trials. We recruited a host mental health trial (EQUIP), and worked with key stakeholders, including mental health service users and carers, to develop an intervention using a leaflet to advertise the nature and function of the PPIR in EQUIP to potential trial participants. 34 community mental health teams were randomised and 8182 patients invited. For the primary outcome, 4% of patients in the PPIR group were enrolled versus 5.3% of the control group. The intervention was not effective for improving recruitment rates (adjusted OR= 0.75, 95% CI= 0.53 to 1.07, p=0.113). Conclusions: This thesis reports the largest ever trial to evaluate the impact of a recruitment intervention. It also reports the largest trial of a PPIR intervention and makes a contribution to the evidence base on trial recruitment as well as to that assessing the impact of PPIR. Two further embedded trials are underway to evaluate the effectiveness of different versions of the recruitment intervention in different trial contexts and patient populations. This will also allow the results to be pooled to generate a more precise estimate of effect; to evaluate the impact of the intervention on trial retention; and to explore patient experiences of receiving the intervention.
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Assarsson, Fabian. "Synthetic Innovation and Hidden Problems: Qualitative Insights on Open Innovation for Hidden Problems in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245877.
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Huvudsyftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur svenska organisationer arbetar med öppen innovation, i vilka former de gör det och vilken typ av innovationer de producerar. Uppsatsen definierar även uttryckligen begreppet "dolda problem" inom organisationer och kopplar sedan det till innovationsteori. Definitionen av öppen innovation har utvecklats tillsammans med förståelsen för begreppet, vilket i sig utgör en övertygande teori för både organisationer och forskare i strävan efter teknisk utveckling. De befintliga modeller som beskriver öppen innovation är emellertid inte förenliga med hur definitionen av termen har utvecklats. Genom att kartlägga nuvarande litteratur och innovationsteori, föreslås i denna uppsats en förening av två befintliga öppna innovationsmodeller som bättre passar den nuvarande definitionen. I uppsatsen föreslås också att syntetisk innovation - ett begrepp beskrivet i denna avhandling - är den primära typen av innovation som produceras inom en öppen innovationsram. Resultaten, analysen och diskussionerna baseras på en litteraturstudie, en handlingsstudie och fyra fallstudier av innovationsinitiativ i Sverige. Analyserade genom den föreslagna ramen visar resultaten att resurstypen som delas mellan firmor i ett öppet samarbete är mer empiriskt viktig än indikerat från befintliga innovationsmodeller. Det indikeras också att företagens permeabilitet förändrar vilken typ av innovation de producerar. Arbetet indikerar också att dolda problem empiriskt löses genom syntetisk innovation som särskilt kan uppnås i en öppen innovationsmiljö.The primary purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Swedish organizations work with Open Innovation, in what forms they do so, and what type of innovations they produce. Secondarily, it explicitly defines the notion of "hidden problems" within organizations and subsequently links it to innovation theory. The definition of Open Innovation has evolved alongside the understanding of Open Innovation itself, and it constitutes a compelling theory for organizations and researchers alike in the pursuit of technological advancement. The incumbent models that describe Open Innovation, however, are not compliant with the definition of the term. By surveying the current literature on Open Innovation, and Innovation theory, this thesis proposes a unification of two incumbent Open Innovation models that better fit with the definition of Open Innovation itself. It also suggests that Synthetic Innovation as defined in this thesis is the primary type of innovation produced under an Open Innovation framework. The results, analysis, and discussions are based on a literature review, an action study, and four case studies of innovation initiatives in Sweden. Analyzed through the proposed framework, the results from this thesis indicate that resource type is more empirically important than evident from incumbent innovation models. It also suggests that the permeability of firms, created in an Open Innovation environment, alters the type of innovation they produce. The research shows a need to update the early, yet fashionable, models of Open Innovation to better map against the current definitions. It also indicates that hidden problems result in a particular type of Synthetic Innovation that is especially achievable through Open Innovation.
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Walker, Ashley. "One tone, two ears, three dimensions : an investigation of qualitative echolocation strategies in synthetic bats and real robots." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/535.
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The aim of the work reported in this thesis is to investigate a methodology for studying perception by building and testing robotic models of animal sensory mechanisms. Much of Artificial Intelligence studies agent perception by exploring architectures for linking (often abstract) sensors and motors so as to give rise to particular behaviour. By contrast, this work proposes that perceptual investigations should begin with a characterisation of the underlying physical laws which govern the specific interaction of a sensor (or actuator) with its environment throughout the execution of a task. Moreover, it demonstrates that, through an understanding of task-physics, problems for which architectural solutions or explanations are often proposed may be solved more simply at the sensory interface - thereby minimising subsequent computation. This approach is applied to an investigation of the acoustical cues that may be exploited by several species of tone emitting insectivorous bats (species in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae) which localise prey using systematic pinnae scanning movements. From consideration of aspects of the sound filtering performed by the external and inner ear or these bats, three target localisation mechanisms are hypothesised and tested aboard a 6 degree-of-freedom, binaural, robotic echolocation system. In the first case, it is supposed that echolocators with narrow-band call structures use pinna movement to alter the directional sensitivity of their perceptual systems in the same whay that broad-band emitting bats rely on pinnae morphology to alter acoustic directionality at different frequencies. Scanning receivers also create dynamic cues - in the form of frequency and amplitude modulations - which very systematically with target angle. The second hypothesis investigated involves the extraction of timing cues from amplitude modulated echo envelopes.
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Walker, Virginia Ashley. "One tone, two ears, three dimensions : an investigation of qualitative echolocation strategies in synthetic bats and real robots /." Click here to connect to electronic version, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/535.
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Freeman, Jodie. "Young people's perceptions of novel psychoactive substances." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621953.
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Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) also known as "legal highs" replicate the effects of illegal substances such as ecstasy and cocaine. The most common NPS reported are stimulants and synthetic cannabinoids. Despite the Psychoactive Ban (2016) recent reports identified the UK as having the largest market of NPS use anywhere in Europe. These substances have a short history of consumption and consequently little is known about their effects and health implications. Despite this, the sale of NPS is easily achieved through the internet and street dealers. Increased reports of negative health consequences from NPS consumption and research findings highlighting the willingness of young people to consume drugs without knowing what they are, mean it is vital that we investigate young people's understandings and perceptions of them. At present there are very few in-depth qualitative studies on NPS. A series of 7 focus groups with a range of young people (40=N: aged 16- 24 years) across the Merseyside area were carried out. Research sites included colleges, youth groups, supported living accommodations, and youth drug and alcohol services. Focus group interviews explored participants' perceptions of NPS and were followed up with a few semi structured interviews with selected participants. The direction of the study focused on mainly on synthetic cannabinoids which may reflect the age of the study's population. Using thematic analysis informed by a social constructionist perspective, three main themes were identified around stigma and identity, attractive features of NPS and risk. Findings showed that young people's perceptions of these substances were dependent on their level of experience with illegal substances and NPS. A novel finding was that synthetic cannabinoid use is employed in the normalisation of cannabis use. Local, national and policy recommendations are made on how youth and health services in both educational and specialised services could work more closely and effectively with young people NPS. They also identify a need among young people for specific guidelines on how to use the Internet and Print media in relation to previous knowledge and experience.
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Jebadurai, Jeshoor Kumar. "Qualitative research of online drug misuse communities with reference to the novel psychoactive substances." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/11352.
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Objective: This research aimed at reviewing the information provided by the online drug misuse communities with reference to the available evidence-based literature on the novel psychoactive substances. Methodology: Among hundreds of novel psychoactive substances, four groups (phenethylamines, tryptamines, piperazines and miscellaneous) were selected for the study. Various website drug fora were identified by Google and Yahoo search engines using a set of specific key words. The methods consisted of extracting and analysing qualitative data from the identified website fora. This was also supplemented by critical reviewing the existing evidence-based literature search for each of the selected psychoactive compounds. Results: The combined search results identified 84 unique website fora from which qualitative data were extracted for thirty novel psychoactive substances and organised into technical folders. This data extracted from online communities has thrown some light on factors such as the mode of purchase, subjective experiences, reasons for use, combinations, legislation, mechanisms of action in the CNS, side effects, toxicity and its management. This would enable the clinicians to be obtain full history when assessing and would inform better treatment choices. Conclusions: A range of novel psychoactive substances have been made recently available across the globe. The sale is easily achieved through the Internet. New legislations are made to control some recreational substances whilst newer substances appear. Furthermore, the distributors sell the backlog of products even after controlling of the substance has occured and hence are liable to potentiating criminal investigations. It is here suggested as well that the 'genuinity' of each onlince susbtance is questionable. Evidence-based literature is scant for the vast majority of these substances. Accidental overdoses are common occurences and some of the potential life-threatening clinical situations include sympathomimetic toxidrome and serotonin syndrome. Benzodiazepines appear to help with agitation and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Better levels of international cooperation and rapid share of available information may be needed to tackle the emerging problem of the novel psychoactive substances.
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Flinspach, Susan Leigh. "Interpretive synthesis : a methodology for reviewing qualitative case-study research /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9997160.
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Huang, Phlipes, and 黃漢泉. "Modality and Function Qualitative For Mechanism Configuration Synthesis of Machining Center." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94109421745345810582.
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碩士國立中正大學
機械系
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Abstract For meeting the high－speedy, high－accurate, high－effective function requirements of the new－age tool machinery, the C.N.C. tool machinery in our country has certain level of quality. However, the function requirements by the clients upgrade unceasingly. Therefore, the development needs to follow on; or the processing operations of therein-forcement engineering of which the technical skil is progressing widely, must take the resear chment with new science patern in order to have certain breakthrough. This research takes the knowledge of mechanism as a main subject, following the geometry devel-oped by Dr.”Chen Fu-chenas” the leading faction, then judges according to the science knowledge based on engineering application of tribology，structures，vibration, and controlling .At last states the judgement of the models by structural features and every structure, then calculate the value of function by the ratio of the basic grade of every structure model and the weighing with the cost of the function. Finally obtains the best applicable selection of the high－speed, heave─ cut by weighing the value of function with the function. The functional selection of every geometry varies from the turning speed of the axis or the grade of accuracy, cost, etc. The designer can find desired structure rapidly and accurately. In order to have a further explanation of the applicable occasions and selected analyzing way of the said way, this thesis provides a series of basic that follows every engineering theory, to be the criticize of related decisive factors of weighting sensitiveness for structure features and functions. These basic sciences are numerous expert’s rese-arch results in academic circles, also the most practical and treasured application skills in the industries. Through this studied analyzing way, It is able to be of help for more and more accurate high－accuracy machinery.
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Du, Zi-You, and 杜子佑. "A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Multimedia Materials and Cognitive Theory Researches." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22461865078894862963.
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碩士中國文化大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
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Multimedia has been widely applied in many fields. Especially in the field of education, developing materials which are learner-friendly is a goal to be perfected in the design of multimedia applications. Multimedia-related research have been studied the acceptable amount of information and the styles of presentation among learners. Many related cognitive theories have therefore been developed to support related rules and principles which occur among learners during materials development, in order to help the designer avoid producing multimedia materials which may cause the learner to develop cognitive errors, and in turn reduces the effectiveness of learning, and fails to achieve the original intent of multimedia materials development. Studies related to multimedia materials development often utilize quantitative scales developed formerly by scholars and experts in order to help the researchers analyze the responses and feedback from the learner regarding the materials. However, limited by its quantitative nature, the use of quantitative tools only investigates issues and responses from the learners in a microscopic perspective. Although the information so obtained is true, it is partial and incomplete. In regard to the integrative correlation between multimedia materials and the cognitive process of the learner, theories are yet to be developed. For this purpose, qualitative meta-synthesis is a research method which fulfills the aforementioned requirements. It brings together issues across disciplines in various documents. Through the process of three-phase inferential interpretation, it selects, categorizes, codes, and iteratively compares and analyzes the data in order to build correlations and develop them into theory. This is theory development in a macroscopic perspective, capable of expressing the richness of the feedback and responses from the learners. Through the process of cognition using the multimedia training material, the learner may ultimately achieve the destiny of personalized- and self-learning. Whether appropriate digital learning environment and the understanding the user’s experience and attitude have become the primary successful factors for the learner. From the learner’s perspective of cognitive psychology utilizing media through excessive multi-media usage causing stress and confusion, cognitive behavior therapy and effectiveness of learning could also have influence on the self-learning initiation and self-support cognition. Through the use of bi-cultural and bilingual teaching, it may indirectly impact the initiation of self-learning. By stimulating the long-term memory, communication strategy, the use of multi-media would assist recognition, and the how the learner tactically use those strategies would support the cognition and strengthen those impacts on relational cognitions. In searching both domestic and international related literatures, most of multi-media design principle related topics were mostly done by numerical experimental analysis. Because using quantitative and statistical research to support scholars’ proposed principles, and less qualitative research analysis to explain the phenomenon of multi-media and process of cognition, thus this research will be using qualitative meta-synthesis research method to study related topics’ characteristics and inter-crossing relationship.
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La, Fontaine Papadopoulos Jenny H., and Jan R. Oyebode. "Family relationships and dementia: A synthesis of qualitative research including the person with dementia." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5614.
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yesFamily relationships are important for wellbeing across the life course and are known to be important for people living with dementia, bringing benefits to self-esteem and identity, as well as providing support for people living at home. Recent research has explored the impact of dementia upon relationships. Much of this research is qualitative in nature and rarely included in systematic reviews, however, it has the potential to provide significant contributions to understanding the interplay between family relationships and dementia and to inform interventions. A systematic synthesis of qualitative research concerning the impact of dementia upon family relationships was undertaken, using thematic synthesis. Eleven articles were reviewed, which address the perspectives of people living with dementia and their spouse and/or adult children. The aims of this review are to illuminate what is currently known about the reciprocal influences between family relationships and dementia from the perspectives of the family (including the person with dementia); and to consider the implications of these findings for research and practice. Four super-ordinate themes were identified: A shared history, negotiating the impact of dementia upon the relationship, openness and awareness, and shifting sands. This synthesis contributes to an emerging field but also highlights gaps in current understanding of the impact of dementia upon relationships and in providing appropriate interventions. Implications for research and practice are considered.
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Lockwood, Craig. "Critiquing the contested nature of aggregation in qualitative evidence synthesis: an examination of dominant views on interpretivism." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/71974.
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This dissertation examines and explores the assumptions and debates associated with qualitative synthesis within the health sciences. My particular area of interest is the complexities arising from various techniques of qualitative synthesis currently emerging in the field of qualitative systematic review. More specifically, in this study I sought to assess the
impact of the choice of theoretical constructs, methodological frameworks or methods on the nature of the findings when undertaking a qualitative synthesis. My intention was to examine
the debates and conjecture surrounding claims made in relation to meta ethnography and meta aggregation as underpinning approaches to the systematic review of qualitative evidence, as
these have attracted interest and polarised the opinions made of their proponents. In order to achieve this a multi phase study was undertaken, where phase one included the identification of a high quality, published meta ethnographic review and the conduct of a comparator meta aggregative review. Phase two consisted of a comparison between the two reviews, with each phase necessarily consisting of sections that worked to clarify the steps and stages taken in the conduct and reporting of the research that formed the basis of this thesis. The primary results of interest from this process were not the findings of the meta ethnographic review compared with the meta aggregative review, but the subsequent analysis of where and how differences originated. Interpretivism is the catch phrase of meta ethnography, yet it is by no means clear what is meant either by the originators; or by subsequent reviewers who have used the methodology but not explicated its philosophic foundations. Interpretivism is not a unified theory, it is instead a broad church; inclusive of many philosophical perspectives, specifically hermeneutics, phenomenology and symbolic interactionism. The particular claims to interpretivism for ethnographic reviews was examined and found to be a superficial and inadequate representation of the methodology. Specifically, hermeneutic phenomenology has been found to be ontologically and epistemologically congruent with the methodology and methods of meta ethnography. It also became evident that the methods-centric focus of meta aggregation has limited wider understanding of the methodology, leading to an incorrect association with integration. This study maintains that the interpretive foundations of aggregative synthesis are found in Husserlian Transcendental Phenomenology. This study suggests that the approach and purpose are the first two key points of decisionmaking. Therefore, reviewers interested in undertaking qualitative synthesis should first consider what approach is a good fit with their purposes before deciding upon a methodology. Within the ‘interpretive philosophic’ perspective, the two core philosophies [of hermeneutic phenomenology (with fusion of horizons), and transcendental phenomenology] are where we must look to understand both the differences between meta aggregation and meta ethnography and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2011
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Tufanaru, Catalin. "Theoretical foundations of meta-aggregation: insights from Husserlian phenomenology and American pragmatism." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98255.
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The objectives of the thesis were: 1) to examine the Husserlian phenomenology and American pragmatism philosophical literature and to clarify the validity of the claims that the Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-aggregation is founded on Husserlian transcendental phenomenology and American pragmatism; 2) to develop an explicit coherent theoretical foundation for the Joanna Briggs Institute’s approach to the meta-aggregation of qualitative studies based on insights from Husserlian phenomenology and American pragmatism. The philosophical/theoretical perspective of the thesis was critical theory with a special focus on the philosophical works of Jurgen Habermas. Philosophical inquiry was used as methodology. Data collection involved critical reading of the Husserlian phenomenology and American pragmatism philosophical literature, the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidance on meta-aggregation and the international qualitative research literature regarding meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence - specifically meta-aggregation. Data analysis and synthesis used an integrative synthesis of ideas and theoretical framework development. Narrative (text) and graphical/visual approaches (tables; idea maps; diagrams) were used for the presentation of the results. Chapter I of the thesis presents an introduction to the role of qualitative research and systematic reviews of qualitative evidence in evidence-based health care. Chapter II provides the details of the research questions/objectives, methodology, and methods. Chapter III of the thesis examines the Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-aggregation approach for synthesis of qualitative evidence. Chapter IV explores essential ideas of Husserlian phenomenology. Chapter V examines critically the validity of the claims that the Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-aggregation is founded on Husserlian transcendental phenomenology. Chapter VI explores fundamental ideas of American pragmatism as reflected in the works of Charles S. Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Chapter VII examines critically the validity of the claims that the Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-aggregation is founded on American pragmatism. Chapter VIII provides an original explicit theoretical foundation for the Joanna Briggs Institute’s meta-aggregation based on new insights from Husserlian phenomenology and American pragmatism.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, 2016.
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Bedford, Nicole. "What Elders Want: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Elders’ Views on Interactions with their General Practitioners." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8351.
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Effective communication in the doctor-patient relationship is an essential component to proper diagnosis and treatment (Gordon & Gerber, 2010). While a greater focus on improving doctor-patient communication needs to be addressed, nowhere is it more important than in interactions between geriatric patients and general practitioners. This study analyzes and synthesizes the findings of 16 selected socio-medical journal articles that report on the views of geriatric patients’ needs and desires when interacting with general practitioners. The findings of this study contribute a geriatric perspective to the current debate regarding patient-centred care and also identify communication barriers and facilitators that can be avoided or used by physicians when interacting with geriatric patients. By bringing together multiple socio-medical qualitative studies that look at geriatric patients’ perspectives, this research seeks to create an evidence base that is valued by both medical practitioners and policy-makers.Thesis (Master, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-27 14:34:32.474
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"Contexts of parental involvement: An interpretive synthesis of qualitative literature using the meta-interpretation method." THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344879.
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Mansell, Ella. "How community sport facilitates the biopsychosocial health of Indigenous communities: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133983.
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This item is only available electronically.The experience of engaging in sport and recreational activities is largely different for Indigenous peoples when compared to non-Indigenous populations. There is a need to consolidate the current qualitative evidence base to facilitate sporting and recreation opportunities that could promote holistic benefits for Indigenous peoples. It is evident that sport and health research on Indigenous communities is inconsistent in its quality and cultural safety. This study aims to explore the current landscape of Indigenous qualitative health research within the context of sport. The purpose of this study was to produce a meta-study of qualitative research examining sport and recreation experiences of Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. After identification and screening, 27 articles were retained for analysis and synthesis. Characteristics of included studies were exmined through the meta-method and meta-theory analysis. The meta-data analysis revealed five themes (barriers and facilitators to engagement, physical health benefits, racism and discrimination, social and emotional wellbeing, and community spirit) and several subthemes representative of the sport and recreation experiences of Indigenous people and communities. The final meta-synthesis situates these themes within an Indigenous model of wellbeing and synthesises the method, theory and data of the included studies. This review consolidates the evidence base and provides direction for future research and best practice.
Thesis (M.Psych(Health)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2021
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Robinson, Natasha M. "Comparing the Lived Experience of Men and Women Bereaved by Stillbirth: A Meta- Synthesis of Qualitative Studies." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131814.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available electronically.Stillbirth rates in Australia have remained stable in the past 20 years, with some 2,000 families affected each year. Despite this, research into the multi-dimensional impact of stillbirth remains limited. Most research to date focusses on the immediate needs of bereaved mothers, particularly grief and the response of health professionals in hospital settings. What is needed from research is a deeper understanding of the impact of stillbirth on fathers, siblings, grandparents, family systems, mental health, relationships, employment and workplace productivity. The relationship between the experience of stillbirth and social constructs, gender, parenting, stigma and attachment also requires closer attention. Surprisingly, the economic impact of stillbirth is poorly described. The direct and indirect costs of stillbirth in Australia from 2016-2020 is estimated to sum $681 million highlighting the need for action to reduce stillbirth and its devastating and pervasive impacts on those bereaved, and Australian society.
Thesis (M.Psych.Clinical(Defence)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2018
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Ribeiro, da Silva Rebeca. "How do parents of a child with cancer perceive their psychosocial needs from cancer diagnosis to remission? : a systematic review of qualitative data." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21310.
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Schick, Makaroff Kara Lee. "Stories of chronic kidney disease: listening for the unsayable." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3552.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently described as a chronic illness. It is also a life-threatening illness, although this is rarely discussed. When people with CKD face declining kidney function, they need technological assistance to extend life. Many people receiving treatment will also die within 5 years. The experience of living with CKD is often difficult to articulate, and little is known about the aspects of this illness that are often ineffable, difficult to discuss, or beyond words.
The purpose of this dissertation is to present four papers in which I investigate the concept of the unsayable and illuminate how this concept may be helpful in exploring individuals’ stories of living with CKD. Located in social constructionism, this narrative research explores the unsayable aspects of experience for people living with CKD as portrayed through their stories and symbols.
In the first paper, I present a concept analysis of the unsayable and I define the unsayable as that which is not expressed yet alluded to through language and may be conscious or unconscious. Although the unsayable is intertwined with language, it also transcends articulation. In the second paper, I offer a qualitative meta-synthesis and I show how people with kidney failure have experienced restricted freedom that brings about distant connection, dependent autonomy, abnormal normalcy, and uncertain hope. In the third paper, I present a narrative inquiry using secondary analysis of 46 interviews conducted over 3 years with 14 people living with CKD. Narrative expressions of the unsayable include the following: living with death, embodied experiences that were difficult to language, that which was unthinkable, unknowable mystery, and that which was untold / unheard. Lastly, I offer a narrative visual analysis of symbols that represent living with CKD for 13 participants. Descriptive themes of the symbols include hopes and inspirations, reflections on “who I am,” and confrontations of illness. Participants’ expressions through symbols are described through stories of memories, emotions, and poetic devices. Consideration of the unsayable may offer insights for nurses who work to support individuals and promote quality of life for those living with this chronic and life-threatening illness.Graduate
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Hong, Jung Hoon [Verfasser]. "The host-guest clathrate system [(ZnI2)6(ZnQ)]/[Pn4Qx] (Pn= P, As; Q= S, Se) : a qualitative approach to structures, identification and synthesis / vorgelegt von Jung Hoon Hong." 2005. http://d-nb.info/973409509/34.
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Mnkandla, Ernest. "A meta-synthesis on the usability of social media blends in e-learning." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21036.
Full textAbstract:
Distance education has by nature always depended on technology as a vehicle for various media used to facilitate learning. Today as technology has taken centre stage in our lives especially Internet-based technology, distance education continues to grow in its use of state-of-the-art tools and hence the need to effectively adopt these online tools for online education remains inevitable. This study presents an evaluation of the usability of social media blends in e-learning environments. Comprehensive guidelines for improving the usability of social media blends are proposed in order to facilitate learner networks where knowledge can be created that is based on the leaners’ experiences and their peer connections.
In this meta-analysis study literature was searched to identify qualitative research articles that discuss social media blends most commonly used in e-learning. The search was done on South African and international academic databases which included SAe-Publications, EbscoHost, ProQuest and Google Scholar, among others.
The metadata analysis was conducted following the online collaborative learning theory as a conceptual framework and the findings agreed with previous studies that the use of social media blends still lacks important empirical data. This study recommends a set of phases in designing curriculum for social media use in e-learning. The proposed guidelines should be useful to instructional designers interested in using modern learning theories in e-learning. Since African qualitative research could not be found, further work in this field could involve qualitative studies on the use of e-learning in African institutions.Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Open and Distance Learning)