Books: 'Qualitative synthesis'

1

Aron, Shlonsky, ed. Systematic synthesis of qualitative research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Finfgeld-Connett, Deborah. A Guide to Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351212793.

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Derong, Liu, ed. Qualitative analysis and synthesis of recurrent neural networks. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002.

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4

Anne, Statham, Miller Eleanor M. 1948-, and Mauksch Hans O, eds. The Worth of women's work: A qualitative synthesis. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.

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Kellye, Manning, Rogers Travis, Goff Courtney, and McCain Amanda, eds. A synthesis of qualitative studies of writing center tutoring, 1983-2006. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.

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6

Major, Claire Howell. An introduction to qualitative research synthesis: Managing the information explosion in social science research. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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1960-, Savin-Baden Maggi, ed. An introduction to qualitative research synthesis: Managing the information explosion in social science research. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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Tietze, Lutz-Friedjan. Reactions and syntheses in the organic chemistry laboratory. Mill Valley, Calif: University Science Books, 1989.

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Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai. Sūn Wic̆hai Kānyāithin Hǣng ʻĒchīa. Cross border migration between Thailand and Lao PDR: A qualitative assessment of Lao migration and its contribution to HIV vulnerability : synthesis report. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Research Center for Migration, Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, 2005.

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10

Workshop, on Synthesis of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Child Survival Research in Indonesia (1987 Jakarta Indonesia). Proceeding[s] Worksh[o]p on Synthesis of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Child Survival Research in Indonesia, Jakarta, July 6-10, 1987 =: Nporan [i.e. Laporan] Lokakarya Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif di Bidang Kelangsungan Hidup Anak di Indonesia : laporan semiloka. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, Lembaga Penelitian, Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan, 1988.

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11

Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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12

Finfgeld-Connett, Deborah. Guide to Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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13

Finfgeld-Connett, Deborah. Guide to Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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14

Finfgeld-Connett, Deborah. Guide to Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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15

Urrieta, Luis, and George W. Noblit. Theorizing Identity from Qualitative Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0011.

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This chapter highlights the contributions drawn from the case studies in the volume to identity work and identity theory but also to future directions for theory and meta-ethnography (qualitative synthesis). Overall, the chapter analyzes how the contributors theorized with meta-ethnography in and through their studies. The collective findings of their analyses on the cultural construction of identities in education in particular emphasize race and ethnicity and their intersections with gender, class, and sexual orientation. The chapter further confirms that the Western identity binary is a set-up that (a) upholds power hierarchies and (b) protects whiteness. Meta-ethnography in this book has been about advancing scholarship through seeing synthesis as related to theory, and especially critical theories, and these efforts can be used strategically to address, and alter, injustices.

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16

Shlonsky, Aron, and Michael Saini. Systematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2012.

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17

A Guide to Qualitative Meta-synthesis. Routledge, 2018.

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18

Major, Claire Howell, and Maggi Savin-Baden. An Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203497555.

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19

Statham, Anne, Hans O. Mauksch, and Eleanor M. Miller. Worth of Women's Work: A Qualitative Synthesis. Ebsco Publishing, 1988.

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20

Michel, Anthony, and Derong Liu. Qualitative Analysis and Synthesis of Recurrent Neural Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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21

Michel, Anthony, and Derong Liu. Qualitative Analysis and Synthesis of Recurrent Neural Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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22

Flemming, Kate. Qualitative research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0194.

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This chapter outlines the importance of qualitative research as a method to provide answers to clinical questions arising in palliative medicine. Rather than being a chapter about how to ‘do’ qualitative research, it is a chapter that seeks to outline the role and purpose of qualitative research for palliative care by looking at the kind of questions qualitative research can answer, exploring qualitative research and its relationship to evidence-based practice, the role of qualitative research within mixed methods research, and the developing area of the synthesis of qualitative research. It addresses some of the more practical aspects of searching for qualitative research and undertaking an appraisal of its quality, whilst acknowledging that these are contested areas undergoing methodological development. In exploring these issues it firmly establishes a place for qualitative research within evidence-based practice and for palliative medicine in particular.

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23

INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL VIRTUAL CHEMLAB : ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS V.2.2. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall , 2004.

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24

Noblit, George W. Meta-ethnography: issues in the synthesis and replication of qualitative research. National Institute of Education, 1999.

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25

Michel, Anthony, and Derong Liu. Qualitative Analysis and Synthesis of Recurrent Neural Networks (Pure and Applied Mathematics). CRC, 2002.

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26

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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27

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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28

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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29

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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30

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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31

Savin-Baden, Maggi. Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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32

The Worth of Women's Work: A Qualitative Synthesis (Suny Series on Women and Work). State University of New York Press, 1987.

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33

Statham, Anne, and Eleanor M. Miller. The Worth of Women's Work: A Qualitative Synthesis (Suny Series on Women and Work). State Univ of New York Pr, 1987.

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34

Theophil, Eicher, ed. Reactions and syntheses in the organic chemistry laboratory. University Science, 1989.

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35

Noblit, George W. Meta-Ethnography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0002.

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This chapter explains meta-ethnography as created by Noblit and Hare and how the method has been used since. This is the methodology each of the chapters in this volume used to synthesize qualitative research studies of cultural identity. Meta-ethnography is an approach to qualitative research synthesis that is interpretive rather than aggregative. In this volume, we introduce critical meta-ethnography as an approach to informing social theory. It involves identifying the key metaphors or concepts in the selected studies and comparing them. Studies are translated into one another, developing a synthesis that takes the form of an analogy. In recent years, meta-ethnography has been used extensively in health studies, particularly in the United Kingdom. This chapter both clarifies the status of meta-ethnography as a methodology of synthesis based in the translation of studies into each other and addresses the current state of the art of meta-ethnography. The chapter ends by introducing the meta-ethnographies that follow.

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36

Paterson, Barbara L., Connie Canam, Carol Jillings, and Sally E. Thorne. Meta-Study of Qualitative Health Research: A Practical Guide to Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis (Methods in Nursing Research). Sage Publications, Inc, 2001.

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37

Paterson, Barbara L., Connie Canam, Carol Jillings, and Sally E. Thorne. Meta-Study of Qualitative Health Research: A Practical Guide to Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis (Methods in Nursing Research). Sage Publications, Inc, 2001.

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38

Urrieta, Luis, and George W. Noblit, eds. Cultural Constructions of Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.001.0001.

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Cultural Constructions of Identity is a collection of meta-ethnographic syntheses of qualitative studies addressing cultural identity theory. Meta-ethnography, developed by Noblit and Hare in 1988, uses a translation theory of interpretation to preserve the unique aspects of studies to the degree possible while also revealing the analogies between them. The contributors to this book use different identity theory frames to study various intersections of race and ethnicity with gender, age, class, and sexuality. The foci range is important to the project of speaking to identity theory broadly but in particular to the cultural construction of identities, as well as to the potential of meta-ethnography as a method and as a theory-generating process. The focus on education in this book also highlights the vast proliferation of sociocultural studies of identity in the field. The book ends with the learned lessons of identity theory and future directions for theory and qualitative synthesis.

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39

Ender, Tommy, and Esmeralda Rodríguez. Beyond Survival. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0005.

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“Beyond Survival: A Portrait of Latin@ Identity in North Carolina” reveals the complex identities developed by Latin@s living in the US state of North Carolina since the start of the 21st century. The chapter reviews qualitative research conducted on Latin@ communities in the state using meta-ethnographic synthesis. It also takes into account the personal experiences of two Latin@ doctoral students who moved to the state to engage in research. The resulting synthesis illustrates how Latin@ communities are developing new discourses and forging spaces through education, identity, and fuerzas (strength) in the face of systematic barriers. The emergence of supervivencia (beyond mere survival) also resists deficit perspectives on Latin@s in the state.

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40

Jennings, Len, and Thomas Skovholt. Expertise in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190222505.001.0001.

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Expertise in Counseling and Psychotherapy features seven master therapist studies from around the world and provides an extensive synthesis of these studies to produce the first international perspective of expert counselors and psychotherapists. The study of expertise has a rich history, whereas research on psychotherapy expertise has mostly surfaced in the past two decades. Jennings and Skovholt first applied qualitative methodology to the study of expert therapists in 1996. Qualitative research has proven to be an extremely effective method for capturing the complexity of the master therapist construct. One limitation of this line of research is that most studies have been conducted in the United States. Fortunately, there are a small but growing number of international qualitative studies on psychotherapy expertise. Moreover, these studies utilized essentially the same research questions and methodologies as our first study on expert therapists, making the consolidation of the findings seamless and trustworthy. The studies include three therapist expertise research projects in Southeast Asia, including Singapore, Japan, and Korea. In North America, there are studies from the United States and Canada. In Europe, there are studies from Portugal and the Czech Republic. The qualitative meta-analysis of all seven data sets is the highlight of our book on master therapists from around the world. The findings and recommendations from this book will enhance the training of future psychotherapists and counselors. Understanding the universal characteristics of expert therapists practicing around the world offers training programs and mental health practitioners a heuristic for optimal therapist and counselor development.

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41

Lau, Hakwan. In Consciousness we Trust. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856771.001.0001.

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This book puts forward a mechanistic account of subjective experience based on a review of the current cognitive neuroscience literature on conscious perception, attention, and metacognition. It is argued that current empirical studies are often misinterpreted. An undue focus has been placed on perceptual capacity rather than subjective experience per se. Null findings are often overemphasized despite the limited sensitivity of the methods used. A synthesis is proposed to combine the advantages and intuitions of both global and local theories of consciousness. This will be discussed in the context of our understanding of the sense of agency, emotion, rationality, culture, philosophical theories, and clinical applications. Taking insights from both physiology and current research in artificial intelligence, the resulting view directly addresses the qualitative nature of subjective experience.

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42

Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. Basic concepts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0001.

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The electronic structure of molecules is described, starting from qualitative Molecular Orbital (MO) theory. After the case of simple atoms and molecules, one treats molecular solids and develops the relation between Molecular Orbital theory and band theory. In both cases, one shows that the electronic structure can influence the geometrical structure, through Jahn–Teller effects or Peierls distortion. The effect of interelectronic repulsion, the central problem of Quantum Chemistry, is put in perspective by a synthetic presentation of different approaches: Hartree–Fock Self-Consistent Field with treatment of electron correlation, Valence Bond models, and finally Density Functional Theory methods (DFT). The last section is devoted to quantum tunnelling and its dynamical aspects.

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43

Schiff, Brian. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199332182.003.0011.

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The concluding chapter of A New Narrative for Psychology, reflects on the place of the narrative perspective in the discipline as a whole. It argues that although the methods of narrative psychology may not be wholly distinct from qualitative or mixed methods, the narrative perspective does present an integrated, theoretical, and methodological approach to the study of human meaning making and is specially suited, distinctly credible, to this pursuit. The chapter addresses the growing debate on unity in psychology in which some scholars have proposed unifying psychology through overarching theoretical structures or by imposing methodological discipline. By virtue of the way that narrative can deal with complexity, it can be a productive force for a more synthetic view of human psychology. In this regard, a narrative perspective can provide insight into human experience in a way that no other perspective can.

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44

Parkhouse, Hillary, and Summer Melody Pennell. Tools of Navigation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0007.

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Much qualitative education research has examined the intersectional identities of queer youth and Latina youth, in both cases highlighting how their identities converge with, collide with, or in other ways relate to their lives in schools. These studies have approached identity from a variety of lenses—borderlands, social practice and figured worlds, and others. They have also offered various positions on the extent to which the youth demonstrate agency and resistance. This chapter reports on a study that used meta-ethnography to synthesize the theoretical approaches, claims, and implications of the extant ethnographic work on Latina gender identities and sexualities. It finds that Latina high school and college students explored their identities in complex ways while questioning norms from both their own backgrounds and the dominant culture. At the same time, the authors represented their participants as having varying degrees of agency and commitments to collective, transformative resistance.

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45

Aguilera-Cobos, Lorena, Rebeca Isabel-Gómez, and Juan Antonio Blasco-Amaro. Efectividad de la limitación de la movilidad en la evolución de la pandemia por Covid-19. AETSA Área de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y salud. Consejería de Salud y Familias. Junta de Andalucía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52766/pyui7071.

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Introduction During the Covid-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) aimed to minimise the spread of the virus as much as possible to avoid the most severe cases and the collapse of health systems. These measures included mobility restrictions in several countries, including Spain. Objective To assess the impact of mobility constraints on incidence, transmission, severe cases and mortality in the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. These constraints include: • Mandatory home confinement. • - Recommendation to stay at home. • - Perimeter closures for entry and/or exit from established areas. • - Restriction of night-time mobility (curfew). Methodology Systematic literature review, including documents from official bodies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The following reference databases were consulted until October 2021 (free and controlled language): Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, TripDB, Epistemonikos, Royal college of London, COVID-end, COVID-19 Evidence Reviews, WHO, ECDC and CDC. Study selection and quality analysis were performed by two independent researchers. References were filtered firstly by title and abstract and secondly by full text in the Covidence tool using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesis of the results was done qualitatively. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR-II tool. Results The literature search identified 642 studies, of which 38 were excluded as duplicates. Of the 604 potentially relevant studies, 12 studies (10 systematic reviews and 2 official agency papers) were included in the analysis after filtering. One of the official agency papers was from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the other paper was from the Ontario Agency for Health Promotion and Protection (OHP). The result of the quality assessment with the AMSTAR-II tool of the included systematic reviews was: 3 reviews of moderate quality, 6 reviews of low quality and 1 review of critically low quality. The interventions analysed in the included studies were divided into 2 categories: the first category comprised mandatory home confinement, recommendation to stay at home and curfew, and the second category comprised perimeter blocking of entry and/or exit (local, cross-community, national or international). This division is because the included reviews analysed the measures of mandatory home confinement, advice to stay at home and curfew together without being able to carry out a disaggregated analysis. The included systematic reviews for the evaluation of home confinement, stay-at-home advice and curfew express a decrease in incidence levels, transmission and severe cases following the implementation of mobility limitation interventions compared to the no measure comparator. These conclusions are supported by the quantitative or qualitative results of the studies they include. All reviews also emphasise that to increase the effectiveness of these restrictions it is necessary to combine them with other public health measures. In the systematic reviews included for the assessment of entry and/or exit perimeter closure, most of the studies included in the reviews were found to be modelling studies based on mathematical models. All systematic reviews report a decrease in incidence, transmission and severe case levels following the implementation of travel restriction interventions. The great heterogeneity of travel restrictions applied, such as travel bans, border closures, passenger testing or screening, mandatory quarantine of travellers or optional recommendations for travellers to stay at home, makes data analysis and evaluation of interventions difficult. Conclusions Mobility restrictions in the development of the Covid-19 pandemic were one of the main NPI measures implemented. It can be concluded from the review that there is evidence for a positive impact of NPIs on the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. The heterogeneity of the data from the included studies and their low quality make it difficult to assess the effectiveness of mobility limitations in a disaggregated manner. Despite this, all the included reviews show a decrease in incidence, transmission, hospitalisations and deaths following the application of the measures under study. These measures are more effective when the restrictions were implemented earlier in the pandemic, were applied for a longer period and were more rigorous in their application.

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46

Malawey, Victoria. A Blaze of Light in Every Word. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052201.001.0001.

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A Blaze of Light in Every Word presents a conceptual model for analyzing vocal delivery in popular song recordings focused on three overlapping areas of inquiry: pitch, prosody, and quality. The domain of pitch, which refers to listeners’ perceptions of frequency, considers range, tessitura, intonation, and registration. Prosody, the pacing and flow of delivery, comprises phrasing, metric placement, motility, embellishment, and consonantal articulation. Qualitative elements include timbre, phonation, onset, resonance, clarity, paralinguistic effects, and loudness. Intersecting all three domains is the area of technological mediation, which considers how external technologies, such as layering, overdubbing, pitch modification, recording transmission, compression, reverb, spatial placement, delay, and other electronic effects, impact voice in recorded music. Though the book focuses primarily on the sonic and material aspects of vocal delivery, it situates these aspects among broader cultural, philosophical, and anthropological approaches to voice with the goal to better understand the relationship between sonic content and its signification. Drawing upon transcription and spectrographic analysis as the primary means of representation, as well as modes of analysis, this book features in-depth analyses of a wide array of popular song recordings spanning genres from indie rock to hip-hop to death metal, develops analytical tools for understanding how individual dimensions make singing voices both complex and unique, and synthesizes how multiple aspects interact to better understand the multidimensionality of singing voices.

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47

Fishman, Daniel B., Stanley B. Messer, David J. A. Edwards, and Frank M. Dattilio, eds. Case Studies Within Psychotherapy Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199344635.001.0001.

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The Cases Within Trials (CWT) model combines the randomized clinical trial (RCT) research design, based on quantitative group research, with richly and qualitatively detailed systematic case studies involving contrasting outcomes drawn from the experimental condition of the RCT. Chapter 1 of the book provides the broad historical and methodological context out of which the CWT method developed, including the recent dramatic growth of mixed-methods approaches in psychotherapy research generally, with an associated increase in their credibility and rigor. Chapter 2 presents the details of the CWT method and its application to Chapters 3–6, which present four specific projects that concretely illustrate the CWT method. The four projects vary across such dimensions as theoretical orientation and type of mental disorder. To facilitate comparison across projects, each is organized in three main sections, including results gained from the RCT, results gained from the case studies, and a synthesis of the two types of knowledge. Each project concludes with a commentary by an outside expert (or expert team) in the theoretical and disorder focus of the project. Chapter 7 presents an outside perspective on the four projects from a research team highly experienced in conducting and thinking about traditional RCTs. In view of the four projects as a whole, Chapter 8 presents the editors’ summary and analysis of themes and guidelines for the future embodied in the knowledge gained from the four projects.

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48

Golper, Thomas A., Andrew A. Udy, and Jeffrey Lipman. Drug dosing in acute kidney injury. Edited by William G. Bennett. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0364.

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Drug dosing in acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the broadest topics in human medicine. It requires an understanding of markedly altered and constantly changing physiology under many disease situations, the use of the drugs to treat those variety of diseases, and the concept of drug removal during blood cleansing therapies. Early in AKI kidney function may be supraphysiologic, while later in the course there may be no kidney function. As function deteriorates other metabolic pathways are altered in unpredictable ways. Furthermore, the underlying disorders that lead to AKI alter metabolic pathways. Heart failure is accompanied by vasoconstriction in the muscle, skin and splanchnic beds, while brain and cardiac blood flow proportionally increase. Third spacing occurs and lungs can become congested. As either kidney or liver function deteriorates, there may be increased or decreased drug sensitivity at the receptor level. Acidosis accompanies several failing organs. Protein synthesis is qualitatively and quantitatively altered. Sepsis affects tissue permeability. All these abnormalities influence drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics. AKI is accompanied by therapeutic interventions that alter intrinsic metabolism which is in turn complicated by kidney replacement therapy (KRT). So metabolism and removal are both altered and constantly changing. Drug management in AKI is exceedingly complex and is only beginning to be understood. Thus, we approach this discussion in a physiological manner. Critically ill patients pass through phases of illness, sometimes rapidly, other times slowly. The recognition of the phases and the need to adjust medication administration strategies is crucial to improving outcomes. An early phase involving supraphysiologic kidney function may be contributory to therapeutic failures that result in the complication of later AKI and kidney function failure.

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49

Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.

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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.

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