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Journal articles on the topic 'Qualità normativa'
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Pradella, Marco. "Qualità e sicurezza per il POCT: normativa ISO, europea e nazionale." La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio - Italian Journal of Laboratory Medicine 10, no. 3 (February 20, 2014): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13631-014-0055-1.
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Ravizza, L., N. Pernigo, C. Cavallini, and R. Rizzi. "Soluzioni Concentrate per Emodialisi: Normativa Vigente, Processo Produttivo e di Controllo Qualità." Giornale di Tecniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039493629000200104.
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Fellegara, Anna Maria, Veronica Tibiletti, and Pier Luigi Marchini. "La disclosure sulla corporate governance nei gruppi, strumento di tutela di interessi diffusi. Un'analisi critica nel contesto italiano." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 1 (February 2011): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2011-001002.
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Nella normativa nazionale, il concetto di gruppo aziendale non è precisamente definito. Di conseguenza, il riconoscimento dei confini di gruppo non è sempre immediato, il che può implicare difficoltà nell'individuazione delle responsabilità delle scelte economiche assunte al suo interno. Tale circostanza può danneggiare gli interessi dei soci di minoranza. Con riferimento a questi temi, in Italia sono state introdotte regole volte a rendere maggiormente trasparenti gli assetti proprietari nei gruppi aziendali. Gli autori si propongono di analizzare qualità ed efficacia della comunicazione in tema didei gruppi aziendali, con particolare riferimento agli effetti prodotti dalla normativa in materia di direzione e coordinamento di società.
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Góralski, Wojciech. "Błąd co do przymiotu osoby (kan. 1097 § 2 KPK) w świetle orzecznictwa Roty Rzymskiej." Prawo Kanoniczne 36, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1993): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1993.36.3-4.04.
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L’errore sulla qualità della persona, sancito nel can. 1083 § 2, n. 1 del cjc del 1917, che in sostanza si cofondeva con lo stesso errore di persona, ha trovato nella giurisprudenza rotale dopo il Concilio Vaticano II una interpretazione più consona allo spirito dello stesso Concilio, che insiste sul concetto integrale della persona umana e non solo sul aspetto fisico. Attraverso quella interpretazione, legata alla terza regola di S. Alfonso, si è compiuto il passaggio alla nuova normativa del can. 1097 § 2 del ccc del 1983. L’analisi della giurisprudenza rotale riguardo al suddetto canone riguarda l’errore come il fenomeno giuridico, l’oggetto dell’errore (la qualità intesa direttamente e principalmente), la dimonstrazione dell’errore.
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Bruno, Francesco. "Inquinamento del territorio rurale e Pac." AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no. 2 (October 2011): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2011-002004.
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All'obiettivo di creare un sistema agricolo competitivo nei mercati mondiali, garante allo stesso tempo della salute dei consumatori, si accompagna l'esigenza di sviluppare le aree rurali, tutelare il territorio e proteggere l'ambiente. Protagonista è l'impresa agricola nella sua accezione multifunzionale, producendo essa non più (o non solo) beni (i prodotti agricoli), ma anche servizi ambientali e territoriali, nell'ambito di un modello di sviluppo endogeno e flessibile delle aree rurali. E proprio nel mercato dei servizi collegati alla tutela e alla conservazione dell'ambiente, caratterizzato dalla crescente domanda di qualità ambientale, l'impresa agricola non dotata di strumenti tali da poter competere nel mercato globalizzato dei beni, trova un naturale "sbocco" per la produzione di servizi legati alle sue specifiche caratteristiche territoriali. Tuttavia, se gli obiettivi che la nuova Politica di sviluppo delle aree rurali intende perseguire sono chiaramente desumibili dal contesto normativo, non altrettanto si può dire degli strumenti che si intende utilizzare, delle pronunce contrastanti dei giudici e della normativa ambientale e urbanistica.
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Simona Baggiani. "Lo sviluppo professionale degli insegnanti in Europa. Modelli, partecipazione, status e pianificazione a livello scolastico." IUL Research 3, no. 5 (June 20, 2022): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v3i5.274.
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La crisi provocata dalla pandemia rappresenta una sfida senza precedenti per le comunità educative chiamate a dare una notevole prova di impegno, creatività e collaborazione tra pari per garantire la continuità dell’apprendimento e fornire a tutti gli studenti un’istruzione di qualità. Per affrontare tale sfida è necessario investire nella formazione degli insegnanti, affinché sviluppino competenze sempre più in linea con l’attuale contesto. Questo contributo tratterà più specificamente il tema dello sviluppo professionale continuo degli insegnanti in Europa, basandosi sull’analisi dei dati Eurydice 2020 e TALIS 2018. Si passeranno in rassegna modelli e partecipazione degli insegnanti allo sviluppo professionale, evidenziandone anche lo status nella normativa centrale e la sua pianificazione a livello scolastico.
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Voce, Valentina. "L’indicibile della condizione umana. Contro le tesi di Peter Singer." Medicina e Morale 69, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2020.607.
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Il presente lavoro prende le mosse da Unspeakable Conversations, un articolo di Harriet McBryde Johnson in cui l’autrice racconta – da persona con un’importante disabilità fisica – del suo incontro con Peter Singer, il filosofo australiano noto anche per aver proposto come eticamente legittima la pratica dell’infanticidio per i neonati con patologie più o meno gravi. In questo saggio vengono messi a tema gli elementi concettuali con cui Singer supporta le sue tesi circa l’eutanasia selettiva: l’utilitarismo delle preferenze come etica normativa, il principio di minimizzazione della sofferenza, il criterio della “qualità della vita” e la nozione di “persona” riformulata in chiave funzionalista. Dopo una breve esposizione di tali assunti, si è proceduto a valutarne la consistenza teorica e a evidenziarne le aporie. L’etica singeriana, in sintesi, risulta incapace di dare conto della complessità dell’esperienza umana in quanto caratterizzata da un’antropologia fortemente riduzionistica, viziata dal pregiudizio nei confronti della disabilità e incapace di comprendere la condizione umana: impostazione che introduce rilevanti conseguenze sul piano etico e sociale.
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Biasi, Marco. "L'arrêt KG e la temporaneità del lavoro somministrato: essere o dover essere?" GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 170 (August 2021): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2021-170007.
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Nel contributo ci si interroga sulla conformità della vigente normativa italiana in materia di somministrazione di lavoro con la direttiva 2008/104/CE, la quale, nella recente lettura della Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea in C-681/18, KG, obbligherebbe gli Stati membri a ga-rantire, anche attraverso gli organi giurisdizionali, che il lavoro interinale conservi un carattere temporaneo. L'Autore esclude che la regolazione nazionale della somministrazione a tempo determinato presenti problemi di adeguamento alla cornice europea, fungendo i presupposti della causale e della durata massima del rapporto di lavoro con l'agenzia da efficaci, per quanto "indiretti", baluardi rispetto all'impiego stabile del lavoratore presso l'utilizzatore. Con riguar-do alla compatibilità del c.d. staff leasing con il requisito della temporaneità dell'assegnazione, l'Autore rileva che da una direttiva che si rivolge al lavoro interinale (intrinsecamente tempora-neo) non possa ricavarsi il divieto di ricorrere ad uno strumento con caratteristiche diverse, il quale neppure ostacola il raggiungimento degli obiettivi, perseguiti dalla direttiva 2008/104/CE, della lotta al precariato e della promozione dell'occupazione di qualità.
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Bustamante–Ordoñez, Jorge Gualberto, Andrea Elizabeth Vintimilla-Rojas, Omar Santiago Andrade–Guzmán, Vanessa Lucia Abad–Quevedo, Diego Alonso Agurto–Granda, Mateo Damián López–Espinoza, Daniel Alberto Macancela–Herrera, and Rosa Lucia Lupercio–Novillo. "Calidad–inocuidad de la leche cruda de vaca que ingresa a centros de acopio de la provincia Cañar–Ecuador, en el contexto de las normativas Latinoamericanas." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias XXXIII, no. 1 (February 8, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e33183.
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En esta investigación se analizaron parámetros físico–químicos y microbiológicos de la leche cruda de vaca, para evaluar su calidad–inocuidad con referencia a la normativa técnica ecuatoriana (INEN009–2012), y a las normativas de otros países: Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, México y Argentina. Se tomaron 203 muestras de leche cruda contenidas en medios de transporte provenientes de 6.214 productores, al ingreso a 28 centros de acopio de la provincia de Cañar, Ecuador. Se realizaron análisis in situ de temperatura, densidad y acidez titulable, mientras que grasa (G), sólidos totales (ST), sólidos no grasos (SNG), proteínas (P), punto de congelación (PC), Conteo de Células Somáticas (CCS), Conteo de Bacterias Totales (CBT), aerobios mesófilos y enterobacterias se realizaron en laboratorios de AGROCALIDAD y de la Universidad de Cuenca. Se observó que en las variables: densidad (15 °C), acidez titulable, G, ST, SNG, P, PC (°C); el 87,5 al 100 % de muestras cumplen, tanto con la normativa ecuatoriana como con las normativas de los países analizados. Las normativas de Colombia y Venezuela tienen valores referenciales más exigentes para densidad, proteína, acidez titulable y SNG, respectivamente. México y Argentina no hacen referencia para ST y Perú no considera proteínas. Sin embargo, los resultados en microbiología son desalentadores, del recuento de aerobios mesófilos solo 8 % de muestras analizadas cumplen la normativa de todos los países. La carga microbiológica es alta, a pesar que ninguna normativa analizada indica máximos para CBT, se encontró una media de 24.000 × 103 unidades formadoras de colonias por mililitro (UFC·mL–1). Como referencia, algunas normativas en EUA fijan un máximo de 300 × 103 UFC·mL–1 de CBT en leches mezcladas. Este trabajo aporta un conocimiento del estado actual de la calidad–inocuidad de la leche cruda de una importante zona lechera del Ecuador y analiza estos resultados en el contexto de normativas internacionales, sirviendo para focalizar esfuerzos en la mejora continua con miras a la exportación.
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Battistelli, Stefania, and Piera Campanella. "Comando e controllo nel lavoro agile: prime riflessioni." PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro, no. 2 (February 2022): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pri2020-002004.
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La normativa italiana in materia di lavoro agile (L. n. 81 del 2017) delinea le ca-ratteristiche di una nuova modalità di lavoro flessibile, senza vincoli specifici di orario e luogo di lavoro. L'istituto, che nasce con finalità di incrementare la com-petitività e agevolare la conciliazione dei tempi di vita e di lavoro, solleva questioni nuove, concernenti tanto l'organizzazione e la produttività del lavoro, quanto il benessere dei lavoratori, aprendo nuovi spazi di riflessione e di studio a riguardo. Alla luce di queste prime considerazioni, il contributo in oggetto si concentra sull'impatto del lavoro agile, e più in generale del lavoro a distanza, nei confronti dei poteri tipici del datore di lavoro rispetto alle relazioni industriali-tipo. Con l'introduzione di nuove tecnologie e di nuovi modelli di organizzazione del lavoro, il potere di controllo del datore di lavoro tende a rafforzarsi, esponendo i lavoratori a nuove forme di sorveglianza costante. In questo (nuovo) contesto, ci si chiede, in particolare, in che modo il potere di controllo o vigilanza si atteggi nel lavoro a distanza, quale funzione sia deputato ad assolvere e se e in che misura risulti com-patibile con la disciplina avente ad oggetto la vigilanza sull'esatto adempimento degli obblighi contrattuali da parte dei dipendenti di cui all'art. 4 St. lav. Analoga-mente, ci si chiede quali siano gli effetti della flessibilità dell'orario di lavoro sul potere, sui doveri e sulle responsabilità del datore, chiamato a garantire la discon-nessione del lavoratore dagli strumenti tecnologici di lavoro attraverso l'adozione di apposite misure tecniche e organizzative (art. 19, co. 1, L. 81/2017). D'altro can-to, lo scopo del diritto alla disconnessione non è solo quello di tutelare la salute del lavoratore e garantire il rispetto della sua vita personale, ma anche quello di evita-re il rischio di abuso di potere del datore di lavoro, comunemente definito "time porosity". Tuttavia, un modo adeguato per garantire efficacemente il diritto del lavoratore alla disconnessione non è ancora stato individuato e la questione meri-ta di essere approfondita. Tenuto conto di ciò, sarebbe opportuno ripensare al ruo-lo, da una parte, della contrattazione collettiva e delle parti sociali e, dall'altra, della legge nell'ottica di innalzare la qualità del lavoro a distanza.
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Altiero, Salvatore. "Sulla recente normativa cinese in materia di sicurezza alimentare." AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no. 1 (December 2010): 235–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2009-001015.
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Il 1° giugno 2009, è entrato in vigore il nuovo testo di legge cinese in materia di sicurezza alimentare: è lecito domandarsi se tale normativa debba essere vista come un passo avanti verso la soluzione delle note problematiche legate alla scarsa attenzione tributata da questo Paese - almeno fino ad oggi - all'elaborazione di norme in grado di garantire prodotti alimentari sicuri secondo canoni condivisibili in sede comunitaria e Wto; tale questione investe insieme la sicurezza dei consumatori e il libero commercio. Da un lato, l'approccio del legislatore cinese può essere accostato, per alcuni limitati aspetti, a quello adottato dal regolamento 178/2002 e dall'accordo Sps in quanto, ad esempio, il testo fissa la normativa generale in materia di sicurezza alimentare applicabile a tutti i prodotti del settore. Nel precedente quadro normativo, invece, non solo mancava una netta distinzione trae, ma la disciplina della materia era affidata a norme disconnesse e poteva variare per ciascun tipo di alimento in virtù del fatto che, per ognuno di essi, una legge dettava l'apposita disciplina in materia di produzione e commercio stabilendo a quali procedure e parametri ci si dovesse attenere per assicurarne la sicurezza (ad esempio la legge sulla "agricultural product quality safety"). Ancora, il testo di legge cinese stabilisce ciò che gli standard di sicurezza alimentare dovranno includere e prevede la costituzione di organi centrali incaricati della gestione e del monitoraggio delle situazioni di rischio. D'altro canto, il legislatore cinese ha delegato a futuri e imprecisati atti normativi la definizione della normativa di dettaglio necessaria a rendere realmente efficaci gli standard e ad assicurare il funzionamento delle autorità incaricate delle fasi di monitoraggio e gestione del rischio. Senza una pronta attuazione, quindi, il testo di legge cinese sulla sicurezza alimentare rischia di essere solo una risposta inconcludente e senza incisività alle istanze che la comunità internazionale e, per ciò che più ci interessa, l'Europa rivolgono alla Cina in materia di sicurezza dei consumatori e per la maggiore apertura dei propri mercati ai prodotti cinesi.
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NABASKUES MARTÍNEZ DE EULATE, Iker. "Panorama actual de la calidad normativa en el ordenamiento tras la aprobación de la Ley 39/2015." RVAP 109-I, no. 109-I (December 29, 2017): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.109.2017.1.12.
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LABURPENA: Ordenamenduko arau juridikoen kalitatea eta eraginkortasuna, gaur gaurkoz, gaurkotasun handiko gaia da. xxi. mendetik aurrera batez ere, urrats garrantzitsuak eman dira, bai gure ordenamenduko arauen hiperinflazioa berriro definitzeko arloa nabarmenduz, bai eraginkortasuna probatzeko tresnez hornituz administrazioa. Egungo araudiaren kalitatearen egoerari buruzko hausnarketa egitea da artikulu honen xedea. Lehenik eta behin, ordenamenduaren kalitatearen inguruko arazoen inguruan hausnartzen da, eta, bigarrenik, arauen kalitateari aurre egiteko irizpide orokorrei buruz. Europar Batasuneko erakundeek bultzada eman diote araudiaren kalitateari, 2016tik aurrera batez ere, eta gaurkotasuna baldintzatu du bultzada berri horrek. Bestalde, eta eremu estatalari dagokionez, Gardentasunari buruzko 19/2013 Legeak ekarri zuen urratsak baldintzatu du gaurkotasuna, baina, batez ere, Administrazio Prozedurari buruzko 39/2015 Legeak hainbat eremutan (erregulazio ona, herritarren parte-hartzea, araudiaren ex ante eta ex post ebaluazioak eta administrazio elektronikoa egonkortzeko apustua) egiten duen sakontasunak baldintzatu du. Eremu autonomikoan, estatuko legeen zentzua jasotzen duten lege berriak ari dira sortzen. Azkenik, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoari dagokionez, bi lege-proiekturekin batera ari da bultzatzen araudiaren kalitatea: gardentasunari, herritarren parte-hartzeari eta gobernu onari buruzko lege-proiektuarekin eta EAEko Administrazio Publikoan kalitate arautzailearen kultura-sustapenean erreferenteak izango diren xedapen orokorrei buruzko lege-proiektuarekin. RESUMEN: La calidad y eficacia de las normas jurídicas del ordenamiento es hoy, un tema de rabiosa actualidad. Sobre todo a partir del siglo xxi se han dado importantes pasos que ponen el acento en redefinir la hiperinflación de normas en nuestro ordenamiento y dotar a la administración de herramientas para testar su eficacia. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una reflexión acerca del panorama de la calidad normativa en la actualidad. En primer lugar reflexionando sobre los problemas en torno a la calidad del ordenamiento así como sobre los criterios generales para afrontar la calidad de las normas. La actualidad viene, en primer lugar, condicionada por un nuevo impulso de la calidad normativa por parte de las instituciones de la Unión Europea, sobre todo a partir de 2016. En segundo lugar, y en lo que respecta al ámbito estatal, por el paso que implicó la Ley 19/2013 de Transparencia y sobre todo por la profundización que hace la Ley 39/2015 del Procedimiento administrativo en ámbitos como la buena regulación, la participación ciudadana, las evaluaciones ex ante y ex post de la normativa y su apuesta por la consolidación de la administración electrónica. En el ámbito autonómico están proliferando nuevas leyes que recogen el sentido de las leyes del Estado. Por último, en lo que respecta a Euskadi, este panorama de nuevo impulso de la calidad normativa viene de la mano de dos proyectos de ley vasca: el Proyecto de ley sobre transparencia, participación ciudadana y buen gobierno y el Proyecto de ley sobre las disposiciones de carácter general que constituirán el referente del impulso de la cultura de la calidad normativa en la administración pública vasca en el futuro. ABSTRACT: The quality and efficiency of legal norms in the legal system is currently a cutting edge issue. Mainly from the century xxi, important steps have been taken in order to point out the redefinition of hyperinflation of norms in our legal order and to provide the administration with tools to check their efficiency. The purpose of this article is to have an in-depth discussion concerning the panorama of the normative quality at the moment. Firstly, by reflecting about the problems around the quality of the legal order and the general criteria to confront the quality of the norms. The reality is in the first place determined by the fresh impetus to normative quality on the part of EU institutions, specially from 2016. Secondly, regarding state scope, it is determined by the improvement operated by Act 19/2013 on Transparency and mainly by the deepening made by Act 39/2015 on Administrative Procedure in fields such as good regulation, citizen participation, ex ante and ex post normative assessment and its commitment for the reinforcement of electronic administration. At the regional level, new acts are proliferating that address the scope of the State legislation. Finally, as far as Euskadi is concerned, this new panorama for strengthening the normative goes hand in hand with two Basque bills: the bill on transparency and good governance and the bill about general provisions which will serve as a reference point for strengthening the culture for normative quality within the Basque public administration in the future.
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De La Rosa, Gabriel M., Jennifer A. Webb-Murphy, Susan F. Fesperman, and Scott L. Johnston. "Professional quality of life normative benchmarks." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 10, no. 2 (March 2018): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000263.
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Stafford, Maria Royne. "A Normative Model for Improving Services Quality." Journal of Customer Service in Marketing & Management 1, no. 1 (June 13, 1995): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j127v01n01_03.
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Patrício, Brígida, Luis M. T. Jesus, Madeline Cruice, and Andreia Hall. "Quality of Life Predictors and Normative Data." Social Indicators Research 119, no. 3 (January 28, 2014): 1557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0559-5.
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Alegre, V., and M. Cansario. "El control de calidad en España y Colombia. Diferencias en su filosofía." Revista ALCONPAT 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v3i2.48.
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RESUMENEn España el control de calidad en construcción “moderno” nace en la “Instrucción EH-73” y en Colombia actualmente se contempla en la Normativa Sismo Resistente NSR-10 en el Título I: Supervisión técnica. En España en la actualidad es obligatorio el control de certificación de productos y el control de ejecución; existe un protocolo normativo (Instrucción de Hormigón Estructural EHE-08) para el control de proyecto, obligatorio en edificios de viviendas. En Colombia se denomina supervisión técnica, obligatorio en la construcción de estructuras de edificación cuya área construida, independientemente de su uso sea mayor de 3000 m2. Donde no se requiera supervisión técnica, el constructor tiene que realizar los controles de calidad para los materiales estructurales y no estructurales. Se realiza una supervisión técnica, según lo exigido por la normativa para control de planos (proyecto), control de especificaciones, control de materiales, diferentes ensayos de control de calidad y control de ejecución.Palabras Clave: Control de calidad; supervisión técnica; EHE-08 (Instrucción de Hormigón Estructural); NSR-10 (Normativa Sismo Resistente).ABSTRACTIn Spain the construction "modern" quality control was born in the "Instruction EH-73" and in Colombia it is currently contemplated by the Earthquake Resistant Regulations NSR-10 in Title I: Technical supervision. Nowadays in Spain the product certification control and execution control are compulsory; a regulatory protocol (Structural Concrete Regulations EHE-08) also exists for the control of project required for residential buildings. In Colombia it is called technical supervision, mandatory in the construction of building structures whose construction area is greater than 3000 m2, regardless of its use. Where technical supervision is not required, the builder has to perform quality checks for structural materials and nonstructural. Technical supervision is performed as required by the regulations for drawing control (project), specifications control, material control, various quality control tests and execution control.Keywords: Quality control; Technical supervision; EHE-08 (Structural Concrete Regulations); NSR-10 (Earthquake Resistant Regulations).
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Ловчева, М., and M. Lovcheva. "Formation of Normative Requirements for Quantity and Qualification of Profile Personnel in Civil Construction." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d7b91b0bcaf02.72404088.
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The article discusses the requirements of federal, industry and regional requirements for the number and qualifi cations of management and engineering personnel of civil engineering enterprises, which are caused by the ever-increasing requirements for the safe and high-quality construction work to ensure the safety of capital construction projects. The author summarizes and systematizes the requirements for the composition and quality of labor in construction, which are established today by civil, town planning and investment legislation of the Russian Federation, Professional standards approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, qualifi cation standards of NOSTROI, requirements for qualifi cation of engineering and technical specialists in construction, established by each self-regulatory organization in construction.
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Paris, Marie-Luce. "The President as Commander in Chief in a comparative constitutional perspective under French and US law." Military Law and the Law of War Review 59, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 196–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2021.02.03.
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The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative doctrinal analysis of the constitutional power of the President as Commander in Chief with reference to US law and French law. The comparative analysis will focus on the descriptive question of the scope of presidential war powers by exploring their normative implications in terms of the challenges they pose for democratic governance. It will be argued that while both constitutional systems have favoured the President as the pre-eminent decision-maker in military matters thereby reflecting an assumed normative choice of efficiency over accountability, the reality is more nuanced. The article proceeds in two stages. The first part critically analyses the constitutional foundations of the Commander in Chief Clause in both jurisdictions in light of doctrinal interpretations. The second part explains how institutional practice has shaped the exercise of the Commander in Chief power towards an undeniable, albeit problematic, presidential pre-eminence. The article concludes with comparative observations about the need to normalize certain aspects of the role, notably in keeping it under democratic checks. Cet article a pour but de procéder à une analyse doctrinale comparative du pouvoir constitutionnel du Président en sa qualité de Commandant en chef, en se référant aux droits américains et français. Cette analyse comparative se concentrera sur la question descriptive de l’étendue des pouvoirs de guerre présidentiels, en explorant leur implication normative en termes de défis qu’ils posent à la gouvernance démocratique. L’auteur avance que tandis que les deux systèmes constitutionnels ont favorisé le Président comme décideur prééminent dans les matières militaires, reflétant ainsi un choix normatif assumé d’efficacité plutôt que de responsabilité, la réalité est davantage nuancée. L’article se divise en deux parties. Dans la première partie, les fondements constitutionnels de la clause relative au commandant en chef dans les deux juridictions sont analysés de manière critique, à la lumière d’interprétations doctrinales. Dans la deuxième partie, il est expliqué comment la pratique institutionnelle a orienté l’exercice du pouvoir du Commandant en chef vers une prééminence présidentielle indéniable, bien que problématique. L’article se termine par des observations comparatives sur le besoin de normaliser certains aspects du rôle, notamment en continuant de le soumettre à des contrôles démocratiques. Dit artikel heeft tot doel een vergelijkende doctrinaire analyse te maken van de grondwettelijke macht van de president als opperbevelhebber onder verwijzing naar het Amerikaanse recht en het Franse recht. Deze vergelijkende analyse is gericht op de beschrijvende vraag van de reikwijdte van de presidentiële oorlogsbevoegdheden door in te gaan op de normatieve implicaties ervan op het vlak van de uitdagingen die zij stellen voor democratisch bestuur. De auteur betoogt dat, hoewel in beide grondwettelijke stelsels de voorkeur wordt gegeven aan de president als de beleidsmaker bij uitstek in militaire aangelegenheden, wat een afspiegeling is van een aanvaarde normatieve keuze van efficiëntie boven verantwoordingsplicht, de realiteit genuanceerder is. Het artikel bestaat uit twee delen. In het eerste deel worden de grondwettelijke grondslagen van de clausule betreffende de opperbevelhebber in beide rechtspraken kritisch geanalyseerd in het licht van doctrinaire interpretaties. In het tweede deel wordt uiteengezet hoe de uitoefening van de macht van de opperbevelhebber in de institutionele praktijk is geëvolueerd in de richting van een onmiskenbare, zij het problematische, presidentiële superioriteit. Het artikel sluit af met vergelijkende observaties over de noodzaak om bepaalde aspecten van de rol te normaliseren, met name door deze onder democratische controle te houden. Lo scopo di questo articolo è di condurre un’analisi dottrinale comparativa sui poteri costituzionali del Presidente come Comandante in Capo ai sensi del diritto statunitense e francese. L'analisi comparativa si concentrerà in modo descrittivo sull’ambito dei poteri di guerra presidenziali, esplorando le loro implicazioni normative in termini di sfide che pongono al governo democratico. Si argomenterà come, mentre entrambi i sistemi costituzionali hanno favorito il Presidente come decisore preminente in materia militare, riflettendo così una presunta scelta normativa di efficienza rispetto alla responsabilità, la realtà è più sfumata. L'articolo procede in due fasi. La prima parte analizza criticamente, in entrambe le giurisdizioni, i fondamenti costituzionali della Commander in Chief Clause, alla luce delle interpretazioni dottrinali. La seconda parte descrive come la pratica istituzionale abbia modellato l'esercizio del potere del Comandante in Capo verso un'innegabile, anche se problematica, preminenza presidenziale. L'articolo si conclude con osservazioni comparative sulla necessità di normalizzare alcuni aspetti del ruolo, in particolare nel mantenerlo sotto controllo democratico. El objeto del artículo es analizar comparativamente la doctrina sobre los poderes constitucionales del Presidente como Comandante en Jefe tanto en el Derecho estadounidense como francés. El análisis comparativo se centra en la cuestión descriptiva del alcance de los poderes de guerra presidenciales mediante el examen de sus implicaciones normativas en términos de los desafíos que plantean para la gobernabilidad democrática. Se argumenta que si bien ambos sistemas constitucionales han favorecido al presidente como el principal tomador de decisiones en asuntos militares, reflejando así una elección normativa asumida de eficiencia sobre responsabilidad, la realidad es sin embargo más compleja. El artículo consiste en dos partes. La primera parte analiza críticamente los fundamentos constitucionales de la Cláusula de Comandante en Jefe en ambas jurisdicciones a la luz de interpretaciones doctrinales. La segunda parte explica cómo la práctica institucional ha moldeado el ejercicio del poder del Comandante en Jefe hacia una preeminencia presidencial innegable, aunque problemática. El artículo concluye con observaciones comparativas sobre la necesidad de normalizar ciertos aspectos de la función, en particular para mantenerlo bajo control democrático. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine vergleichende doktrinäre Analyse der konstitutionellen Macht des Präsidenten als Oberfehlshaber, unter Bezug auf französisches und US-Recht, vorzunehmen. Diese vergleichende Analyse konzentriert sich auf die deskriptive Frage der Tragweite der Präsidialkriegsgewalt, indem ihre normativen Konsequenzen in Bezug auf die Herausforderungen für die demokratische Staatsführung geprüft werden. Dabei wird behauptet, dass, obwohl beide konstitutionellen Systeme den Präsidenten als wichtigsten Entscheidungsträger in Militärangelegenheiten bevorzugt haben, was eine allgemein akzeptierte normative Wahl für Effizienz vor Rechenschaftspflicht widerspiegelt, die Wirklichkeit nuancierter ist. Der Artikel ist in zwei Teilen aufgeteilt. Der erste Teil analysiert auf kritische Weise die konstitutionellen Grundlagen der Oberbefehlshaberklausel in den beiden Rechtsprechungen im Licht doktrinärer Interpretationen. Im zweiten Teil wird erklärt, wie die institutionelle Praxis die Ausübung der Oberbefehlshabergewalt zu einer unleugbaren – wenn auch problematischen – präsidialen Vorrangstellung gestaltet hat. Der Artikel beschließt mit vergleichenden Bemerkungen zur Notwendigkeit, gewisse Aspekte der Rolle zu normalisieren, insbesondere indem sie demokratischen Kontrollen unterworfen wird.
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Isherwood, Scott Jie Shen, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Anneke Alkemade, and Birte Uta Forstmann. "Quantity and quality: Normative open-access neuroimaging databases." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0248341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248341.
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The focus of this article is to compare twenty normative and open-access neuroimaging databases based on quantitative measures of image quality, namely, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). We further the analysis through discussing to what extent these databases can be used for the visualization of deeper regions of the brain, such as the subcortex, as well as provide an overview of the types of inferences that can be drawn. A quantitative comparison of contrasts including T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) images are summarized, providing evidence for the benefit of ultra-high field MRI. Our analysis suggests a decline in SNR in the caudate nuclei with increasing age, in T1w, T2w, qT1 and qT2* contrasts, potentially indicative of complex structural age-dependent changes. A similar decline was found in the corpus callosum of the T1w, qT1 and qT2* contrasts, though this relationship is not as extensive as within the caudate nuclei. These declines were accompanied by a declining CNR over age in all image contrasts. A positive correlation was found between scan time and the estimated SNR as well as a negative correlation between scan time and spatial resolution. Image quality as well as the number and types of contrasts acquired by these databases are important factors to take into account when selecting structural data for reuse. This article highlights the opportunities and pitfalls associated with sampling existing databases, and provides a quantitative backing for their usage.
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Lockamy, Archie. "Quality‐focused performance measurement systems: a normative model." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 18, no. 8 (August 1998): 740–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579810217440.
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Luiz Vanot, Rogério, Veronica Cristina Heringer, and Rafael Fagnani. "Relação da Regulamentação Brasileira do Leite com a Qualidade deste Produto entre 2000 e 2020: Revisão Bibliográfica, Situação Atual e Tendências." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 24, no. 5-esp. (February 18, 2021): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n5-esp.p473-479.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a qualidade do leite cru produzido entre os anos de 2000 e 2020 e relacionar esses resultados às exigências das Instruções Normativas, que regulamentam os critérios de identidade e qualidade desse tipo de leite, além de discutir as possíveis tendências relativas à atividade leiteira. Os resultados apontam que ainda não há uniformidade na qualidade do leite cru após quase 20 anos de regulamentações. A melhoria de qualidade também não é nítida em relação aos dados provenientes das publicações científicas, as quais estão concentradas em Minas Gerais, Goiás e Paraná e sem ocorrência nos Estados da região Norte. Verifica-se uma certa dificuldade dos produtores no cumprimento das exigências, principalmente, quando essas se tornaram mais rigorosas, com a publicação de novos limites. Sem incentivos e treinamentos, essa atividade, provavelmente, será exercida cada vez mais por grandes produtores, com um número alto de animais e elevada produtividade.
Palavras chave: Legislação. Leite. Instruções Normativas.
Abstract
The objective of this study was conducting a literature review on the raw milk quality produced between 2000 and 2020 and relate these results to the Normative Instructions requirements that regulate the identity criteria and quality of this type of milk, in addition to discussing the possible trends regarding milk activity. The results indicate that there is still no uniformity in the raw milk quality after almost 20 years of regulations. The quality improvement related to the data from scientific publications is also not clear, being concentrated in Minas Gerais, Goiás and Paraná and without occurrence in the states of the northern region. There is a certain difficulty for the producers meeting the requirements, especially when they have become more stringent, with the publication of new limits. Without incentives and training, this activity is likely to be carried out more and more by large producers, with a high number of animals and high productivity.
Keywords: Legislation. Milk. Normative Instructions.
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Szymecka, Agnieszka. "Produzioni di qualitĂ e sviluppo rurale: il caso polacco." AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no. 3 (March 2010): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2008-003008.
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L'oggetto del presente lavoro sono le condizioni giuridiche di sviluppo delle produzioni agroalimentari di qualità in Polonia. Questo tipo di produzioni è molto importante per l'agricoltura europea. Infatti, la Commissione europea considera tali produzioni l'arma più potente degli agricoltori europei in un mondo sempre più competitivo. Esse contribuiscono, inoltre, allo economico-sociale e ambientale sviluppo rurale sostenibile. Nella prima parte l'autrice prende in esame la definizione della "qualità ". Ne analizza varie nozioni adottate dal recente Libro verde sulla qualità dei prodotti agricoli e sottopone a critica alcune di loro. Vengono presentati anche gli "schemi di prodotti di qualità " europei e nazionali. La seconda parte del lavoro prensenta diverse iniziative avviate in Polonia e dirette alla promozione delle produzioni agroalimentari di qualità . Sono presentate le barriere normative in merito che riguardano: la definizione giuridica dell'attività di trasformazione dei prodotti agricoli, le norme fiscali e le regolazioni sulla vendita diretta. Viene fatta una comparazione con le rispettive norme e regolazioni italiane. In conclusione l'autrice constata che il legislatore polacco non è sufficientemente coinvolto nella creazione di un appropriato contesto normativo necessario per lo sviluppo delle produzioni di qualità in Polonia.
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Varađanin, Tanja, and Marko Stanković. "The normative regulation of the air protection in legislation of Republic of Serbia." Pravo - teorija i praksa 39, no. 1 (2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2201058v.
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Clean environment is a basis of people's health, but of their daily lives too. Air, water and environment are increasingly polluted under the influence of various threatening factors, which requires a legislative support. Through the provisions of the Law on Environmental Protection (2004), the air protection has in principle been provided, while the specific solutions have been given by the Law on Air Protection (2009), as a lex specialis, which regulates in detail the management of air quality and determining measures, the methods of organizing and controlling the implementation of protection and improvement of air quality as natural values of a general interest enjoying a special protection. In addition to the aforementioned laws, air protection is also regulated by by-laws, namely by various decrees and regulations. The subject of this paper is the analysis of normative solutions for air protection (ambient) according to the legislation of Republic of Serbia and the impact of the important factors on air pollution.
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Seyfried, Markus. "Undisclosed desires: quality managers’ normative notions regarding the implementation of quality management." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 44, no. 7 (February 26, 2019): 1106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1573970.
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Vaníček, J. "Software quality requirements." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 4 (February 17, 2012): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5014-agricecon.
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At the present time, the international standards and technical reports for system and software product quality are dispersed in several series of normative documents (ISO/IEC 9126, ISO/IEC 14598, ISO/IEC 12119 etc.). These documents are not purely consistent and do not contain a tools for exact requirements set-ups. As quality is defined as a degree to which the set of inherent characteristic fulfils requirements, the exact requirement formulation is the key point for the quality measurement evaluation. This paper presents the framework for quality requirements for software, which is recommendable to use in the new international standard series ISO/IEC 250xx developed on the SQuaRE (Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation) standardisation research project. The main part of this contribution was presented on the conference Agrarian Perspectives XIV, organised by the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, September 20 to 21, 2005.
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Di Luca, Natale Mario, and Gianluca Montanari Vergallo. "War pensions schemes: at the root of a set of medico-legal criteria as current as ever." Rivista di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia 22, no. 1-2-3 (December 27, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/psyco.2017.12.
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The following report has been devised in an attempt to address and elaborate on the medico-legal assessment criteria applicable to warrelated damages, in light of the Presidential Decree n. 915, 23rd, December 1978, by drawing comparisons among workplace-injury legislation, welfare systems, and the conventional standards within medico-legal doctrine. Among the elements herein analyzed: a) analytical criteria, expecting an overhaul and thorough implementation of injury case records; b) quality and quantity-related adjectivization such as «grave» and «remarkable»; c) the irrelevance of residual functional capabilities that do not provably affect one’s capacity to successfully engage in any given type of work; d) the assessment of multiple, permanent impairment instances, whether they be homogeneous, heterogeneous, monocrone (i.e. arising from a single event), policrone (resulting from multiple events), concurrent or coexisting; e) the definition of organ; f) the concept of paired organs; g) partial loss of the left-over organ. The paper’s authors ultimately highlight the enduring quality of the medico-legal criteria inherent to the legislation at hand, which, however, ought to be overhauled and updated in order to better reflect the conceptual developments that have occurred with regards to damage compensation in tort law and workplace injuries and occupational disease, which have given rise to the concept of biological damage as a basic one, worthy of redress in itself, regardless of further workrelated consequences. ---------- Il presente contributo analizza i criteri medico-legali di valutazione del danno patito a causa della guerra alla luce del decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n. 915 del 23 dicembre 1978, operando un raffronto sia con i criteri previsti dalle leggi in materia di infortuni sul lavoro e di previdenza sociale sia con le tradizionali acquisizioni della dottrina medico-legale. In particolare, vengono analizzati: a) il criterio analogico, auspicando la revisione e l’adeguata implementazione della casistica delle menomazioni; b) le aggettivazioni qualiquantitative, come «grave» e «notevole»; c) l’irrilevanza di quelle residue capacità funzionali che non presentino alcuna utilità agli effetti della capacità a proficuo lavoro; d) la valutazione delle menomazioni plurime a carattere permanente, a seconda che siano omogenee, eterogenee, monocrone, policrone, concorrenti o coesistenti; e) il concetto di organo; f) la nozione di organo pari; g) la perdita parziale dell’organo superstite. Gli autori concludono evidenziando la perdurante qualità dei criteri medico-legali previsti dalla normativa in esame, la quale, tuttavia, dovrebbe essere aggiornata per tenere conto dell’evoluzione concettuale intervenuta in sede sia di risarcimento del danno in responsabilità civile sia di infortuni sul lavoro e di malattie professionali, che ha introdotto la nozione di danno biologico quale danno di base, già di per sé meritevole di tutela indipendentemente da ulteriori conseguenze di carattere lavorativo e lucrativo. ---------- Este trabajo analiza los criterios médico-legales para evaluar el daño sufrido como resultado de la guerra a la luz del Decreto Presidencial n. 915 del 23 de diciembre de 1978, haciendo una comparación tanto con los criterios establecidos por las leyes sobre accidentes de trabajo y seguridad social como con las adquisiciones tradicionales de doctrina médico-legal. En particular, se analizan: a) el criterio analógico, esperando la revisión y la implementación adecuada de la casuística de impedimentos; b) adjetivos cualitativo-cuantitativos, tales como “serio” y “notable”; c) la irrelevancia de las capacidades funcionales residuales que no presentan ninguna utilidad para los efectos de la capacidad de trabajo rentable; d) la evaluación de impedimentos permanentes múltiples, según sean homogéneos, heterogéneos, monocromados, policromados, concurrentes o coexistentes; e) el concepto de un órgano; f) la noción de un órgano igual; g) pérdida parcial del órgano superviviente. Los autores concluyen destacando la calidad continua de los criterios médico legales establecidos por la legislación en cuestión, que, sin embargo, deberían actualizarse teniendo en cuenta la evolución conceptual que se produce tanto en la indemnización por daños en la responsabilidad civil como en los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales, que introdujo la noción de daño biológico como un daño básico, que ya en sí mismo merece protección, independientemente de otras consecuencias lucrativas y relacionadas con el trabajo.
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Adamenko, Ya S., L. M. Arkhypova, and O. M. Mandryk. "Territorial Normative of Quality of Hydroecosystems of Protected Territories." Hydrobiological Journal 53, no. 2 (2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v53.i2.50.
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Ditlevsen, Ove, and Peter Friis Hansen. "Life Quality Index an empirical or a normative concept?" International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 7, no. 6/7 (2007): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijram.2007.014666.
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Hunt, Earl. "Situational constraints on normative reasoning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (October 2000): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00383431.
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Stanovich & West claim that the positive correlation between reasoning tasks negates the view that errors in reasoning are due to failures in information processing. This is not correct. They conjecture that errors in reasoning are associated with conflicts between intentional and associative reasoning. This interesting proposition suggests studies relating situational characteristics to the quality of human reasoning.
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Echeverría-Victoria, Martín, and Blanca Chong-López. "Presidential Debates and the Quality of Democracy. An Empirical Analysis of Standards in the Mexican Debates of 2012." Palabra Clave - Revista de Comunicación 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2013.16.2.3.
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Meijer, Irene Costera. "The Public Quality of Popular Journalism: developing a normative framework." Journalism Studies 2, no. 2 (January 2001): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700120042079.
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Nasim, Kanwal, Shahab Alam Malik, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, and Shujah Alam Malik. "Assessing the quality of patient care: a normative decision view." International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 13, no. 2 (2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2014.059170.
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Semplici, Stefano. "Accesso equo, qualità appropriata. Venti anni dopo la Convenzione di Oviedo / Equitable access, appropriate quality. Twenty years after the Oviedo Convention." Medicina e Morale 66, no. 6 (January 25, 2018): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.519.
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Il diritto alla tutela della salute, che include l’accesso ai servizi sanitari, è sancito in molte Dichiarazioni e altri documenti normativi a livello internazionale. Il riferimento all’equità è solitamente introdotto per affrontare i vincoli delle risorse disponibili e non eludere la realtà di persistenti diseguaglianze. Il riferimento all’adeguatezza è volto a sottolineare il ruolo delle competenze professionali e della conoscenza e dei progressi scientifici al fine di soddisfare esigenze reali, ma anche di ottimizzare l’utilizzo delle risorse. L’articolo 3 della Convenzione di Oviedo mira a proteggere i diritti umani e la dignità della persona umana e offre ancora un proficuo punto di partenza per continuare a sviluppare alcuni dei più preziosi strumenti concettuali e giuridici fra quelli perfezionati in questi ultimi decenni per affrontare questa sfida: il principio della realizzazione progressiva, che può innescare e rafforzare una dinamica emancipatrice; l’esercizio del bilanciamento di principi, interessi e beni sia nella giurisprudenza delle Corti costituzionali sia nelle politiche di settore; il concetto del contenuto essenziale del diritto ai servizi sanitari. Queste soluzioni si confrontano ora con le applicazioni dei progressi nuovi e senza precedenti della scienza biomedica, come la medicina di precisione. Allo stesso tempo, il riferimento della Convenzione alla giurisdizione delle Parti (gli Stati) come quadro istituzionale entro il quale gli obblighi sono assunti deve essere ulteriormente articolato misurandosi con l’orizzonte globale dell’impegno a “proteggere” la dignità umana e i diritti umani. ---------- The right to protection of health, which includes access to health care services, is enshrined in many Declarations and other normative documents at the international level. The reference to equity is usually meant to deal with the constraint of available resources and not elude the reality of persisting inequalities. The reference to appropriateness is to underline the role of professional competence and scientific knowledge and progress in order to fit real needs, but also to optimize the use of resources. Article 3 of the Oviedo Convention aims at protecting both human rights and the dignity of the human being and still offers a fruitful starting point to elaborate on some of the most valuable conceptual and juridical tools that have been refined over these last decades to address this challenge: the principle of progressive realization, which can trigger and strengthen an emancipatory dynamic; the exercise of balancing principles, interests and goods both in the case law of Constitutional Courts and in policies; the concept of the core content of the right (entitlement) to health care services. These solutions are now confronted with the applications of new, unprecedented advancements of biomedical science, such as precision medicine. At the same time, the reference by the Convention to the jurisdiction of the Parties (the States) as the institutional framework within which obligations are undertaken needs to be further articulated against the global scope of the commitment to ‘protect’ human dignity and human rights.
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Palacios-Cartagena, Roxana Paola, Raquel Pastor-Cisneros, Jose Carmelo Adsuar, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Miguel Ángel García-Gordillo, and María Mendoza-Muñoz. "CHU9D Normative Data in Peruvian Adolescents." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121272.
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Background: Due to the vulnerability to protective and risk factors during adolescence, there is a growing interest in the study of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at this stage. The CHU9D is a generic and practical HRQoL instrument that provides values on all dimensions of self-perceived health, in addition to providing utilities and a cost-utility assessment fee, unlike other instruments. This study was conducted with an adolescent population in Peru. The main objective of this article is to report the normative values of the CHU9D questionnaire in Peruvian adolescents. Methods: The CHU9D questionnaire was administered to Peruvian adolescent students. A total of 1229 young people participated in the survey. The CHU9D score was reflected as a function of gender, age, weight, height, and educational level. Results: The mean CHU9D utility index for the total sample was 0.890; this rating was significantly better for boys with 0.887 and girls with 0.867. The ceiling effect was higher for male adolescents with 32.6 than for female adolescents. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that adolescents in school show a positive perception of HRQoL. It is also concluded that the CHU9D instrument can be effectively applied to economic evaluations for interventions to improve the quality of life of adolescents.
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León de la Rosa, Raquel Isamara, and Nifta Sugey Lau Ibarias. "Autonomía en Tíbet: de la normativa central a la praxis local." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 12, no. 34 (December 15, 2022): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v12i34.814.
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De la mano del Gobierno central, en las últimas décadas se ha suscitado una serie de desarrollos tanto en el paisaje como en la población tibetana. No obstante, al mismo tiempo se han heredado algunos conflictos sociales y expectativas opuestas a causa del encuentro entre las nuevas políticas y divisiones geográficas administrativas en relación con las viejas costumbres y el orden social retenido por las tribus nómadas en el Tíbet. En el presente documento se integra una variedad de estudios etnográficos sobre la gobernanza de la tierra, la solución de disputas, y el mantenimiento del orden en la región tibetana de Amdo. Para esto, se rescata desde la política y el orden jurídico la definición de autonomía y la manera como se ha institucionalizado en China. Se ilumina sobre la negociación constructiva que ocurre entre los agentes del Gobierno a nivel local y aquellos que tienen poder y autoridad moral reconocida dentro de estos grupos para resolver disputas y construir un orden local “moral”.
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Sykora, Verónica, Araceli Clavijo, Daniel Calvo, M. Florencia Kronberg, Samuel Díaz, Carlos Gómez, Eliana Munarriz, and Ariana Rossen. "Aplicación de bioensayos ecotoxicológicos para evaluar la calidad del agua del arroyo Cañuelas (Buenos Aires, Argentina)." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 261–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2021-01-07.
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La inclusión de los análisis ecotoxicológicos en los estudios ambientales resulta indispensable ya que aporta información sobre los efectos que los contaminantes puedan causar en los organismos expuestos y en los ecosistemas receptores. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la calidad del agua en la cuenca del arroyo Cañuelas (Buenos Aires, Argentina) a partir de determinaciones fisicoquímicas y de bioensayos ecotoxicológicos estandarizados en diferentes niveles tróficos con los organismos: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Lactuca sativa y Caenorhabditis elegans. Las muestras fueron extraídas de cuatro puntos de muestreo representativos a lo largo del cauce de los arroyos Cañuelas y Navarrete. P. subcapitata y la raíz de L. sativa presentaron los valores más altos de inhibición del crecimiento en los puntos de muestreo coincidentes con un mayor deterioro de la calidad del agua de acuerdo con los niveles propuestos por la normativa local. Contrariamente, C. elegans reveló toxicidad en muestras cuyos parámetros fisicoquímicos cumplieron con la normativa vigente. Los resultados de este trabajo respaldan la necesidad de incorporar una batería de bioensayos ecotoxicológicos que complementen los análisis fisicoquímicos y contribuyan a una mejor gestión de los recursos hídricos.
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Marinković, Darko. "Contribution to defining integrity testing in police: Normative aspects." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 2 (2020): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-26954.
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Integrity of an individual means their preparedness and capability to resist challenges which bring to the fore personal above general interests. From the aspect of work of civil servants who perform public authority, the integrity is in special relationship with corruption - the more integrity means less corruption and vice versa. As an investigative method, in the majority of cases integrity testing refers to police officers and it makes an integral part of a (new) methodology of suppressing corruption within their own ranks. In addition to revealing corruptive activities and testing legality of police officers' conduct, integrity testing can be used to assess the quality of use of police powers. Although integrity testing has been in use in comparative law for several decades, it was introduced into Serbian legislation in 2016, by adopting the Law on Police. Initially impotent legal regulations required fast amendment, which suggested that integrity testing concept had not been understood well in our country. The paper defines the purpose and essence of integrity testing as an investigative method, it determines various modalities of its application, it presents comparative regulations and analyses normative solutions in our country. Special attention is directed at internal and external aspects of application of integrity testing results, particularly their significance in criminal procedure.
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Shaquela, D. Sollano, and A. Quines Lyndon. "The Mediating Effect of Normative Commitment on the Relationship Between Ethical Climate and Quality of Work Life Among Public Elementary School Teachers." American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 1, no. 4 (October 2, 2022): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i4.616.
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This study investigated the mediating effect of normative commitment on the relationship between ethical climate and quality of work life among 300 Division of Davao del Sur teachers using a non-experimental quantitative descriptive-correlational research design. Mean, Pearson r, and path analysis using AMOS were used in analyzing the data. There is a high ethical climate, a high quality of work life, and a high level of normative commitment among the responder public elementary school teachers. It also shows a strong correlation between ethical climate and school work life quality. Similarly, there is a positive correlation between moral environment and normative commitment. Utilizing path analysis, the study’s results revealed no mediation of normative commitment on the relationship between ethical climate and quality of work life. This implies that normative commitment carries no influence on moral climate and quality of work life.
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V. S., Kornienko. "Legal expertise as a way of providing the quality of the normativelegal acts." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-22.
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The article describe a general theoretical research of the legal expertise as a tool of ensuring the quality of normative legal act. The period of dynamic development of social relations in Ukraine and implementation of European integration directionsis accompanied by the formation of such democratic institutions asconstitutional state and civil society. The main task of the state is ensuring human rights.Therefore, in order to avoid problems of socio-political and socio-economic character, which significantly inhibit these processes, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of normative legal actat the stage of rule-making. At the moment, such an important stage in the law-making process as legal expertise is studied in fragments and requires further research. The works of various scientists, both domestic and foreign, who dealt with this topic, in particular, L. Andrusiv, Y. Birchenko, O. Bogachova, S. Dudar, V. Kosovych, L. Legin, A. Melnyk, O. Minkova, N. Parkhomenko, Y. Pererva, G. Rybikova, V. Ryndyuk, I. Surai, N. Karachentseva, V. Ternavska, I. Yanyshyna and others. The positions of scientists on such concepts as "quality", "normative legal act", "law" and "legal expertise" are singled out. The own vision of the specified legal categories is given separately. The opinions of scientists about knowledge of the concept of "normative legal act" are given. It is determined that a normative legal act can be considered as a written document that has certain details and official character, is adopted by a special state agency (or by referendum) according to a clearly regulated procedure. This kind of official document also regulates a certain area of public relations. Different views on understanding the quality of normative legal acts are revealed. It is noted that the concept of the quality of a normative legal act should be understood as its ability to meet certain criterions (standards) and ensure the development of the constitutional state and civil society. It is concluded that now in our country the issue of quality of normative legal acts which areadopted needs special attention.Different views of scientists on this issue are analyzed.It is determined that legal expertise is the main way to ensure the adoption of really useful, effective and appropriate regulations that will ensure quality public relations. The necessity of carrying out legal expertise of normative legal acts at the stage of normative-project activity. This is necessary to avoid the occurrence of gaps and legal conflicts in laws and semi-normative legal acts is substantiated. There is a position that it is necessary to involve an expert or a group of experts to conduct a legal expertise of a project of normative legal act as the main means of quality control of normativelegal acts. The possible reasons influencing the occurrence of defects of regulations are investigated. The concept of "law-making errors" is studied. The exhaustive list of criterions of an estimation of quality and efficiency of normative legal acts considering positions of scientists is alsoresulted. Keywords: legal expertise, normative legal act, norm-projecting, quality
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Cherepanov, Daniil A., Aleksandr S. Ermakov, Marina R. Gozalova, and Aleksandr Ya Korolchenko. "Formation of normative-methodical maintenance of quality and safety of campsites." MATEC Web of Conferences 86 (2016): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168604037.
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Hoeken, Hans, Jos Hornikx, and Yvette Linders. "The Importance and Use of Normative Criteria to Manipulate Argument Quality." Journal of Advertising 49, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2019.1663317.
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Mathieu, John E., Tonia S. Heffner, Gerald F. Goodwin, Janis A. Cannon-Bowers, and Eduardo Salas. "Scaling the quality of teammates' mental models: equifinality and normative comparisons." Journal of Organizational Behavior 26, no. 1 (2004): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.296.
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Fullerton, Gordon. "The moderating effect of normative commitment on the service quality-customer retention relationship." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 3/4 (April 8, 2014): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2011-0333.
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Purpose – Limited attention has been given to the effects of normative commitment (NC) in a marketing relationship. This paper investigates the effects of service quality and normative commitment on customer retention in a consumer-retailer relationship. Design/methodology/approach – Two distinct studies; a longitudinal experiment and a SEM model were conducted to tease out the normative commitment-service quality interaction on customer switching intentions in services. Findings – Both studies supported the existence of a significant normative commitment-service quality interaction on switching, in addition to the main effects of both variables. Research limitations/implications – The longitudinal experiment has the limitation of being a simple test of theory in a controlled setting. Study II validates this theory in a real-world retail services setting, but there are questions about the extent to which the relationship may hold in other service sectors. The results indicate that the effect of service quality on customer loyalty is moderated by normative commitment. This may also allow us to think about customer commitment in a new way in that it could be a construct rooted in attitude confidence rather than attitude. Practical implications – The findings allow practitioners to recognize that the development of obligation-based normative commitment can give them a basis for successful competition against other firms, even those that may outperform them on other salient attributes, including basic service quality. Originality/value – This is one of a very small number of studies in the discipline that have examined the effects of normative commitment and the first that has demonstrated that normative commitment moderates the service quality-service customer retention relationship. This opens the door for the possibility that other forms of commitment may moderate the relationship between service quality and customer retention.
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Wahlberg, Ayo. "Reproductive medicine and the concept of ‘quality’." Clinical Ethics 3, no. 4 (December 2008): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ce.2008.008033.
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Selection in reproductive medicine today relies on normative assessments of what ‘good life’ consists of. This paper explores the terms under which such assessments are made by focusing on three particular concepts of ‘quality’: quality of life, biological quality and population quality. It is suggested that the apparently conflicting hypes, hopes and fears that surround reproductive medicine can co-circulate because of the different forms of normative assessment that these concepts allow. To ensure clarity in bioethical deliberations about selection, it is necessary to highlight how these differing forms of assessment are mobilized and invoked in practices of and debates about reproductive medicine.
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Mathieu, Bertrand. "Répartition des compétences normatives et qualité de la loi." Annuaire international de justice constitutionnelle 22, no. 2006 (2007): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aijc.2007.1853.
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Rodríguez-Jareño, Mari Cruz, Emilia Molinero, Jaume De Montserrat, Antoni Vallès, and Marta Aymerich. "Quality and compliance with the regulations of workers’ health examinations in relation to their preventive purpose." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2016.19.03.2.
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CASTEL GAYÁN, Sergio. "El nuevo régimen jurídico del derecho de participación ciudadana. Un repaso a la reciente oleada legislativa." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 885–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.036.
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LABURPENA: Azken aldian, agerikoa da autonomia-erkidegoen ≪boom arautzailea≫. Legeak onartzeko lehian ari dira, herritarren parte-hartzeko eskubidea berritzeko. Badirudi marko arautzaile berriak erabaki publikoetan herritarren parte hartzea beharrezkotzat jotzen duela, eta azken belaunaldiko autonomia-estatutuetako adierazpenak dituela inspirazio-iturri. Hala, eskubide hori erregimen juridikoaren bidez eman nahi du. Lan honek autonomia-erkidegoetako legegintzaren alderdi formal eta material garrantzitsuenak aztertu nahi ditu eta parte-hartzeko eskubide berriaren gainean hausnarketa egiten du ikuspegi teorikotik eta praktikotik. RESUMEN: En los ultimos tiempos asistimos al surgimiento de un ≪boom normativo ≫ por parte de las Comunidades Autonomas, que han iniciado una autentica carrera para aprobar Leyes cuyo objeto es renovar el derecho de participacion ciudadana. Este nuevo marco normativo, que parece consolidarse por un auge discursivo en torno a la necesaria implicacion de la ciudadania en las decisiones publicas, encuentra su inspiracion en las declaraciones efectuadas por los Estatutos de Autonomia de ultima generacion, profundizando en la calidad del ejercicio de este derecho a traves de un regimen juridico. El presente trabajo trata de analizar los aspectos formales y materiales mas importantes del reciente desarrollo legislativo autonomico, reflexionando sobre el nuevo derecho de participacion desde una perspectiva teorica y practica. ABSTRACT: During last times there has been an emergence of a ≪normative boom≫ by the Autonomous Communities that have started an authentic race to pass acts whose scope is to renew the right of citizen’s participation. This new normative framework, which seems to become established due to a discursive height around the necessary involvement of citizenship in political decisions, finds its inspiration in the statements set forth in the last generation Statutes of Autonomy, by delving in the quality of the exercise of this right by the means of a legal regime. This work deals with the analysis of the most relevant formal and material features in the recent autonomic legislative implementation, by thinking over the new right of participation from a theoretical and practical perspective.
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Leone, James E., and Michael J. Rovito. "“Normative Content” and Health Inequity Enculturation." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312469659.
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Epidemiologic studies and related literature consistently report that males have fewer years of life expectancy than females. Moreover, males experience fewer quality years of life in that they tend to live with greater rates of morbidity such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes among other conditions. Causal evidence traditionally highlights the role of biology in determining the life course for males. However, emerging literature suggests that social determinants of health play a more central role in male morbidity and mortality, and thus contribute to health inequities between the sexes. The purpose of this article is to explore core concepts of social determinants of health as they pertain to male health inequities and provide a systematic conceptualization of how society has become encultured to view these inequities as “normative.” Strategies to improve male health are discussed using a logic model to illustrate male health advocacy in the face of the social climes of encultured health inequities.
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Khrutska, Olena. "Development of the educational programmes: normative legal and methodical support." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 2(6) (December 30, 2018): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2018-6-2-21-33.
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Ukrainian higher education is in the process of reforming. In particular, there is a transition from a traditional discipline-based approach to competency, introducing a student-centred approach in teaching and learning, requiring a rethinking of approaches to developing educational programmes and ensuring higher education quality of at this stage. The Paris Communiqué states that quality assurance in accordance with the «Standards and Recommendations for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area ESG-2015» is one of the three key commitments crucial for strengthening and maintaining quality and cooperation in the middle of the EHEA. Therefore, ensuring the quality of higher education, in particular the quality of educational programmes, is relevant both to the Ukrainian and European higher education spheres. The article analyses the existing normative, legal and methodological bases on the issue of developing educational programmes in Ukraine. The requirements of the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» regarding the development of new educational programmes are researched. The requirements of «Licensing conditions for conducting educational activities» regarding the composition of the project (working) group and its head (program guarantor) are investigated. «Methodological recommendations for the development of educational programmes», «Methodical recommendations for the development of higher education standards», letters from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine with explanations of questions regarding the development of educational programmes are considered. The correspondences and contradictions between these documents and «Standards and Recommendations on Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area ESG-2015» are analysed. The normative requirements and methodical recommendations for implementation of successive stages of the process of development of new educational programmes are investigated. There is a discrepancy between terminology and aspects that the legal and methodological support is imperfect, in particular requirements regarding the composition of the working group, the rights and obligations of guarantors, and the involvement of stakeholders in the process of developing educational programmes.It is suggested to develop a normative background and methodological recommendations for covering the issue of responsibility of the head of the project group (the guarantor of the educational program), as well as to provide at the normative and methodological levels the possibility of involving not only scientific and pedagogical workers but also other stakeholders in the development of educational programmes.
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Gauld, Cassandra, and Caitlin Reeves. "Normative influences on young drivers’ illegal smartphone use: Applying an extended Theory of Normative Social Behaviour." Accident Analysis & Prevention 180 (February 2023): 106904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106904.
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