Academic literature on the topic 'Qu (Selection: Extracts, etc.)'

It has been reported that Xenopus egg extracts contain molecules that are capable of reprogramming mammalian somatic cells. The reprogrammed somatic cells, which are called extract treated cells (ETC), possess the potential for clinical therapy as embryonic stem (ES) cells do. Therefore, in addition to establishment of an efficient method to reprogram mouse NIH/3T3 cells by Xenopus egg extracts, the aim of this study was to select the ETC cells by the expression of Oct4. In Experiment 1, two methods, electroporation or permeabilization, were conducted to treat mouse NIH/3T3 cells with Xenopus egg extracts. 2 × 105 cells in 200 μL reprogramming mixture containing Xenopus egg extracts were stimulated by a direct current (DC) pulse (80 V mm–1 for 3 msec) three times followed by a pause of incubation at 37°C for 5 min and a single DC pulse (170 V mm–1, for 0.4 msec) subsequently. The electroporated cells were then incubated at 22°C for 1 h. In the other treatment group, NIH/3T3 cells (5 × 105) were permeabilized by streptolysin O (SLO, 500 ng mL–1 in PBS) for 50 min at 37°C before mixed with Xenopus egg extracts at 22°C for 2 h. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS for the first 4 days and then changed to ES medium (DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS, 0.1 mm β-mercaptoethanol, 1000 unit mL–1 mLIF, 0.5% nonessential amino acids, 2 mm L-glutamine) for the last 6 days after Xenopus egg extract treatment. Cell colonies were found in both treatment groups at the end of culture. Examination by immunocytochemical staining, results showed that the extract-treated cell colonies expressed pluripotent marker proteins, such as alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. In Experiment 2, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector was constructed and EGFP was driven by Oct4 enhancer and promoter (Oct4-EGFP). Mouse NIH/3T3 cells were then transfected with Oct4-EGFP plasmids and selected for stable clone by G418 screening. After 6 passages, the NIH/3T3-Oct4-EGFP cells were treated with egg extracts to induce reprogramming as Experiment 1, and monitored pluripotency based on the expression of EGFP. Results showed that some of the cells or cell colonies expressed green fluorescence driven by Oct4 regulatory element at the 8th day of culture after extract treatment. Our results demonstrated that both methods of electroporation and reversible permeabilization could introduce reprogramming molecules in Xenopus egg extract to the mammalian somatic cells and generate ETCs cells in vitro. Also, with the establishment of NIH/3T3-Oct4-EGFP cell line, the potentially reprogrammed colonies could be easily selected by EGFP expression. The changes of epigenetic modifications in the ETC cells would be investigated in the short future.

The study attempts to investigate the attitude and perception of Saudi undergraduate students towards English literature courses as a part of their BA English Program at a large public university in KSA. A total of 59 students (25 studying a literature course, 25 linguistics course and nine had already passed at least one literature course) participated in the study. Applying mixed method research design, questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and retrospective essays were used for qualitative data. A modified version of AMTB developed by Gardner and associates was used to measure students' attitude towards literature courses. The results of study show that the participants have positive attitude towards literature courses. The findings also suggest that learners’ social environment (family, friends, classmates, teachers…etc.) significantly contribute in constructing positive attitudes and enhancing their perception towards literature as medium of learning L2. The study has pedagogical implication too. Policy makers (administrator, curriculum developers, and teachers) need to accommodate learners’ voices in the selection of teaching material.

MANET has emerged as an eager field for supporting disaster response and prevention applications like climate and weather observation, tracking, tsunamis, wildfire and emergency rescue operations, underwater level navigation, etc. In this paper, a new ad-hoc routing protocol named SO-AODV (Secured and Optimized Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) is proposed for secured and optimized communication in any disaster like situations. For shortest route selection a technique called pigeons swarm optimization (PiSO) is used that also leads to minimize the hop count in selected optimal route. Lightweight digital watermarking (LDW) is used that ensures the authenticity of “hello” packets. For security of event messages, cyphertext stealing technique (CST) is used with encryption qu-Vanstone elliptic curve cryptography (qV-ECC) based public key cryptography. The qV-ECC generates public key. Experiments are conducted using NS2 and performance is evaluated and compared over AODV for several metrics (i.e., packet delivery ration, throughput, end-to-end delay, security, and hop count).

The creation of functional soft drinks enriched with biologically active substances of natural origin necessary for human health is relevant and of great practical importance. The fortification of soft drinks is aimed at creating functional drinks by introducing sources of physiologically functional ingredients during their industrial production. Functional ingredients are classified into several groups: vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidants, essential amino acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics. The natural sources containing the relevant functional ingredients and the functions performed by these substances in the human body are indicated. The directions of application of physiologically functional ingredients in the technology of soft drinks are considered. To fortify soft drinks with biologically active substances, a number of additives have been proposed: vitamins, vitamin premixes, β-carotene; vitamin and mineral mixtures, compositions, premixes; seaweed additives; vegetable milk; a complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids; modified cellulose, pectin, inulin, gums from tree bark, tree seeds, root tubers, algae and biochemically produced; salts of micro- and macroelements; fruit and vegetable supplements; phytoextracts; plant protein extracts, protein mixtures; probiotic cultures of microorganisms, immunotropic ingredients of bacterial origin; bee products. It has been shown that natural additives have advantages over synthetic ones, since their components – proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc. – are in an easily digestible form, and the complexity of their chemical composition leads to a comprehensive enrichment of beverages with biologically active substances. When developing functional soft drinks, it is necessary to take into account that fortification has a number of limitations due to the technological capabilities of introducing certain functional ingredients into the beverage and ensuring their effective bioavailability.

Emotions are a basic component of human life. It generates different brain waves for emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, calmness, tension, excitement, etc. The brain waves are electric and their electric impulse can be measured and recorded as a continuous stream of data. These emitted brain waves are recorded using an EEG device. Many existing systems are in use that feeds the recorded data into various Machine learning algorithms to classify the emotions. These systems are huge and complex, thus require a great amount of time for initializing and working. While a lot of algorithms are used and new algorithms are discovered to classify Brain EEG data, most of the time results will be improper and will not be reliable. The proposed system extracts only the data which corresponds to Human-emotions from the continuous stream of EEG data. The system makes use of robust preprocessing algorithms like ANOVA and PCA for feature extraction and selection to identify and extract features associated with Human-emotion. Later, these recording signals are modeled and fed into Dynamic Time wrapping Simple vector machine (DT-SVM) classification algorithm to analyze and predict the emotion of the person during the experiment which produces an improved accuracy of 99.2%compared to existing system.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites – alkaloids – in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, plant breeders working with lupine need to gain knowledge about the variability of alkaloid content in seeds of different genotypes and search for the sources of their low concentrations in the crop’s gene pool. The collection of narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) offers wide opportunities for such search by means of mass screening. For its part, largescale gene pool screening requires the selection of an optimal technique to measure alkaloid content in seeds, so that it would be easily reproducible and as little labor-, time- and fund-consuming as possible. The results of the search for such method are presented. Qualitative and quantitative indices were compared when target compounds had been extracted with multicomponent mixtures and individual reagents (chloroform, methanol, etc.) and the extracts analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was also employed. Five major alkaloids were found to be present in all types of extracts: lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine (dominant ones), angustifoline, sparteine, and isolupanine. The fullest extraction of alkaloids was observed when the extractant with an added alkaline agent was used (425 mg/100 g). The lowest level of extraction was registered with chloroform (216 mg/100 g). The significance of the differences was confirmed statistically.

The development of the formulation of cosmetic creams with a fat base, as a rule, is based on a rich practical experience, which has found expression in a number of generally accepted strategies. At the same time, the most difficult stage is the creation of a multicomponent mixture of oils with a balanced fatty acid composition, taking into account skin type, age-related changes, etc. An alternative to the empirical approach can be the creation of mathematical models of fat mixtures based on an unambiguous clear choice of criteria and restrictive conditions for the content of individual fatty acids. The relevance of such a task is due to the fact that the proposed models are quite complex and limited to a small set of components in the blend. The purpose of this study was to create a simplified model for calculating the fatty acid composition of multicomponent blends of vegetable oils using oil extracts of berries, fruits, essential oils and medicinal plants of the Crimean region enriched with BAS as a fat base. Oil extracts were obtained on the principle of two-phase extraction, which allows the extraction of biologically active substances of medium polarity. As a result of the research, a simplified strategy for mathematical modeling of the multicomponent composition of the fat base of oil creams is proposed, which allows to obtain the optimal ratio between base and active oils. At the same time, oils are selected both taking into account their physiological activity and fatty acid composition. A significant simplification is achieved through a preliminary analysis of the fatty acid composition of oils and the selection on its basis of such mixtures of oils, which later act as a single component. This allows the formation of multicomponent mixtures. The ratio of oleic and linoleic acids; the ratio of oleic to the sum of polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) were chosen as restrictive criteria. The results of this work can be useful when creating and testing mixtures using new unconventional oils.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) bears dietary fruits that are rich in bioactive compounds. However, information on the metabolome profiles of honeysuckle varieties grown in Russia is limited. In this study, we employed tandem mass spectrometry to study the metabolome profiles of four L. caerulea varieties (Volhova, Tomichka, Goluboe vereteno, and Amfora) grown in two geographical locations in Russia, i.e., the Russian Far East and St. Petersburg. We observed that the metabolome profiles of the four varieties grown in two locations differ significantly, particularly in the polyphenol’s other compound classes. We were able to identify 122 bioactive compounds in extracts from honeysuckle berries, 75 compounds from the polyphenol group and 47 compounds from other chemical groups. Thirty chemical constituents from the polyphenol group (flavones jaceosidin, cirsiliol, sophoraisoflavone A, chrysoeriol-O-hexoside, flavonols dimethylquercetin-3-O-dehexoside, rhamnocitrin, rhamnetin II, stilbenes pinosylvin, resveratrol, dihydroresveratrol, etc.) and twenty-seven from other chemical groups were identified. The largest number of unique polyphenols is characteristic of the variety Tomichka, the selection of the regional state unitary enterprise “Bakcharskoye”, from the free pollination of L. caerulea, originating in the Primorsky Territory of Russia (L. caerulea subspecies Turczaninow). This genotype has the highest number of similar unique polyphenols, regardless of where it was grown. Blue honeysuckle genotypes originating from Primorsky Krai in Russia can be used in various breeding programs in order to improve and enrich the biochemical composition of fruits. It should also be noted that, regardless of the place of cultivation, the total amount of unique polyphenols remains quite large. Attention should be paid to the Volhova honeysuckle variety, obtained through gamma irradiation of the Pavlovskaya variety (Kamchatka ecotype). This sample is characterized by a stable composition of biologically active substances, regardless of the growing area. These data could support future research on the production of a variety of pharmaceutical products containing ultrapure extracts of L. caerulea.

Background: Mushrooms produce a large amount of medicinal compounds, and are also an optimal source of fibres, proteins, vitamins (like groups B and D), and other micronutrients including potassium, magnesium, etc. Consequently, mushrooms are commonly considered to be functional foods. Many works report the high biological potentials of medicinal mushrooms involving their antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, anticholesterolemic, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory effects.Context and purpose of this study: First off, this work aimed to find strains of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus from a bank of edible mushrooms bought from international strain banks (Table I) that could possess health benefit related properties, such as a radical scavenging activity (antioxidant effect), antibacterial effects against common pathogenic bacteria, and being able to produce interesting nutrients and secondary metabolites. As the fungal bank comprises of 20 strains of L. edodes and 20 strains of P. ostreatus, a first screening was made by the selection of 13 strains for each mushroom able to grow in multiple wood types or that were particularly productive and had proved good growth reproducibility over the last 5 years. This work also studied the correlation between culture conditions and mushroom quality in terms of the previously reported properties. Comparison among the selected strains was operated by the assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities after different sample treatments. Furthermore, an initial optimization of the analytic techniques was produced for the direct estimation of important secondary metabolites and nutrients by means of HPLC-MS/MS technique. Further research will encompass an evaluation of transformation processes (drying, freezing, rehydration, cooking, etc.) impact on radical scavenging, antibacterial activity, and possible degradation/loss of nutraceutically important substances such as vitamin D2, ergothioneine, eritadenine, lovastatin, lentinan, and lenthionine. Results: 13 strains of each mushroom species have been cultivated on different wood logs. Seven strains of shiitake and six strains of oyster mushroom were able to produce sporocarps. Antioxidant levels in water extracts from dried mushrooms produced significatively different results on the basis of strains and of wood. Both mushrooms demonstrated higher radical scavenging activity in log cultivation than substrates cultivation, which was subsequently used as reference. Furthermore, all strains of P. ostreatus demonstrated the lowest level of antioxidant activity at 4°C, a significant increase towards 50°C and a limited decrease towards 80°C. The same trend was observed for shiitake extracts. Concerning the shiitake mushroom only, crude water extracts showed an interesting antibacterial activity against the model microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. A comparison was also performed between the best performing strain extract and the commercial antibiotic Ceftriaxone against P. aeruginosa, assessing that 20 mg of crude extract corresponds to 0.2 mg of the pure antibiotic when studied by means of disk diffusion assay.Conclusions: The results suggested that the cultivation of both shiitake and oyster mushrooms on logs could enhance the content of antioxidant and antibacterial activities, compared to the cultivation of mushrooms on sawdust substrates. Radical scavenging and antibacterial activity depends both on L. edodes strain and the log type. The bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity of the best performer strain may depend on a pH and solvent treatment sensitive substance. Secondary metabolites such as ergothioneine and vitamin D2 from both shiitake and oyster were released just after water extraction: this suggests that the transformation/cooking processes may produce a loss of characteristic mushroom biological properties in water. Further evaluation of biologically relevant compounds content and loss during different food transformation and cooking processes will be assessed.Key words: Shiitake, Oyster, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Log grown mushroom, antioxidant, radical scavenging, total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS, Folin-Ciocalteu, antibacterial, fruitbodies, sporocarps.

Since its birth, red wine has been loved by people of all walks of life. The taste of red wine has changed and the pursuit of quality has always been the most sought-after goal by sommeliers, winemakers, and the public. However, due to the rich taste of red wine, any link is willing to produce different flavors. At present, there is no quantitative control study on the flavor of red wine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the flavor of red wine through the chemometric algorithm and establish a reasonable model to predict the flavor of red wine. Aiming at the research of red wine flavor, this paper designs a red wine flavor extraction experiment and extracts the substances that produce an aroma and flavor in red wine to the greatest extent through strict selection of extraction head and reaction time. For the rapid analysis of red wine flavor, this paper quantitatively describes the chemical category, volatilization time, molecular weight, etc., of flavor substances by analyzing the multidimensional spectral data of red wine, so that flavor substances can be quickly located. The experimental results of this paper prove that, for different red wines, the algorithm in this paper can accurately identify the flavor substances in red wine. Also, for red wine multidimensional spectral data, the algorithm in this paper can improve the accuracy by 30% and save the running time by 30%. This shows that the research in this paper can analyze and quickly predict the flavor of red wine.