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1
Xu, Jiahui, Guichen Li, Ruiyang Bi, Haoyu Rong, and Changlun Sun. "Explanation on the Abnormal Behavior during the Nanoindentation Holding Stages by Amplifying Oscillation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8886965.
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Recently, the holding states of nanoindentation experiments have been widely used to analyze the time-dependent deformations of various rocks, and the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method seems to be more applicable than the quasi-static mechanical analysis (QMA) method when the influence of creep deformation on mechanical properties of rocks was analyzed. However, the former method causes an abnormal behavior during the creep holding stages that was not clearly interpreted.2 Consequently, in this study, by amplifying the oscillation of the DMA method, the mechanical mechanism of this phenomenon was explained. Experimental results confirm that the rheological deformation of rocks consists of the creep deformation (depth increasing) and the elastic aftereffect deformation (depth decreasing) during the creep time with small oscillation; once the elastic aftereffect deformation exceeds the creep deformation, the abnormal behavior can be observed. Besides, some other abnormal behaviors might be found for other rock materials when the DMA method with different oscillations is used, which illustrates the complexity and limitation of applying this method. Thus, the QMA method was recommended to investigate the above questions in future studies.
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Schweighardt, Attila, and Balázs Vehovszky. "Comparison of different methods for dynamic characterization of porous-elastic materials." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 4848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0688.
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Acoustical simulation of porous-elastic materials requires several properties to be characterized, one of them is the dynamic mechanical behavior of the structure. For this goal, quasi-static mechanical analysis (QMA) is the generally used method executed in the ca. 20-60 Hz frequency range, resulting constant (averaged) mechanical properties. Polymer-based materials, however, are well-known from their time- and frequency-dependent behavior. This implies the need for having frequency-dependent data in a wider frequency range, but the error induced by the fluid motion inside the pores increases with frequency. For that reason, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) together with frequency-temperature superposition method was chosen to analyze the possibility of extending the evaluable frequency range. Different measurement setups and strategies were tested and evaluated to minimize the errors coming from machine resonances and other influencing factors, and results were compared to those obtained from the classical QMA measurements. It was finally proven, that with thoroughly chosen technique, DMA can give high quality results for porous-elastic materials as well, in a remarkably wide frequency range.
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Lin, Lu Bin, Qing Yun Yu, Zhuo Qun Gu, Xiao Ze Jiang, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Reduction-Degradable Shell Cross-Linked Micelle with pH-Responsive Cores Prepared via Click Chemistry." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.527.
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A well-defined poly [(ethylene glycol)-block-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-block-2-(diethylamino) methacrylate] (PEG-b-DMA-b-DEA) triblock copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by successively polymerization of DMA and DEA monomers using a PEG-based macroinitiator, and obtained copolymer was then converted to be PEG-b-P(DMA-co-QDMA)-b-PDEA copolymer with “clickable” moieties in the middle block by the quaternization with propargyl bromide. Those copolymers prepared were characterized by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and its self-assembly behavior and subsequently fixation with bis-(azidoethyl) disulfide via click chemistry resulting reduction-sensitive shell-cross-linked (SCL) micelle in purely aqueous solution were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results show the micellar structure could be effectively cross-linked via click chemistry and also be dissociated at reduction condition, which may realize it's potential application as novel drug delivery carriers.
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Turgeman Dahan, Noy, Jean-Jacques Vatine, Irit Weissman-Fogel, Hana Karpin, Sharon Shmuely, and Tami Bar-Shalita. "Quantitative Dynamic Allodynograph—A Standardized Measure for Testing Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia in Chronic Limb Pain." Sensors 23, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 7949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187949.
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Background: Dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) is both a symptom and a central sensitization sign, yet no standardized method for quantifying the DMA area has been reported. This study aimed to establish psychometric properties for Quantitative Dynamic Allodynography (QDA), a newly developed protocol measuring the DMA area as a percentage of the body surface. Methods: Seventy-eight patients aged 18–65 diagnosed with chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) participated in this study. Test–retest reliability was conducted twice, one week apart (N = 20), and inter-rater (N = 3) reliability was conducted on 10 participants. Disease severity (CRPS Severity Score, CSS), pain intensity (VAS), and quality of life (SF-36) measures were utilized to test construct validity. Results: High inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96, p < 0.001) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) were found. Furthermore, the QDA score was found to be correlated with the CSS (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), VAS (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and the SF-36 physical health total (r = −0.47, p < 0.001) scores. Conclusion: The QDA is the first developed reliable and valid protocol for measuring DMA in a clinical setting and may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic measure in clinics and in research, advancing the pain precision medicine approach.
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Zhu, Shu Yu, Zhong Li Niu, Xiao Ting Zhang, Dan Yue Wang, Jia Ming Xu, Bin Sun, Mei Fang Zhu, and Xiao Ze Jiang. "Doxorubicin Loading Capacity of Shell Cross-Linked Micelles with pH-Responsive Core as Anticancer Drug Delivery Nanocarriers." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2366.
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Detailed studies were performed to probe the effects of the cross-linking layer microstructure of pH-responsive shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles on the loading capacity of doxorubicin (DOX). Well-defined poly [(ethylene glycol)-block-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-block-2-(diethylamino) methacrylate] (PEG-b-P(DMA- co-QDMA)-b-PDEA) copolymer with “clickable” moieties in the middle block by the quaternization with propargyl bromide dissolved molecularly in acidic solution; micellization occurred at alkaline solution to form three-layer “onionlike” micelles constituting PDEA cores, P(DMA-co-QDMA) inner shells, and PEG coronas. Two types of cross-linker bearing azide group: 1,6-bisazidehexane and bis-(azidoethyl) disulfide were utilized to prepare the SCL micelles with different cross-linking layer microstructure via click chemistry at basic aqueous media. The results showed that two types of SCL micelles possessed excellent stability. In neutral solution, these SCL micelles still maintained structural integrity, and the average hydrodynamic diameter of SCL micelles 1 and SCL micelles 2 increased to 80 nm and 90 nm, respectively. In the acidic solution, due to the complete protonated of the PDEA core, the sizes of the two types of SCL micelles increased to 95 nm and 110 nm, respectively, which were favorable for the diffusion of the encapsulated drug in the core. Moreover, the cross-linking degree had no effect on the size of SCL micelles. The loading efficiency and loading content of the SCL micelles were significantly better than those of the uncross-linked micelles, and loading capacity did not vary with degree of cross-linking. However, the SCL micelles 1 demonstrated better loading capacity. This study could be a guidance for the future research on the effects of the cross-linking layer microstructure on controlled doxorubicin release.
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Zhu, Kai, Chongshi Gu, Jianchun Qiu, Wanxin Liu, Chunhui Fang, and Bo Li. "Determining the Optimal Placement of Sensors on a Concrete Arch Dam Using a Quantum Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2567305.
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Structural modal identification has become increasingly important in health monitoring, fault diagnosis, vibration control, and dynamic analysis of engineering structures in recent years. Based on an analysis of traditional optimization algorithms, this paper proposes a novel sensor optimization criterion that combines the effective independence (EFI) method with the modal strain energy (MSE) method. Considering the complex structure and enormous degrees of freedom (DOFs) of modern concrete arch dam, a quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) is used to optimize the corresponding sensor network on the upstream surface of a dam. Finally, this study uses a specific concrete arch dam as an example and determines the optimal sensor placement using the proposed method. By comparing the results with the traditional optimization methods, the proposed method is shown to maximize the spatial intersection angle among the modal vectors of sensor network and can effectively resist ambient perturbations, which will make the identified modal parameters more precise.
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Fitriansyah, Sani Nurlaela, Rika Hartati, and Irda Fidrianny. "Effect of Different Solvent on Phytochemical Content, Tyrosinase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Campolay (Pouteria campechiana kunth. [Baehni.])." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (January 18, 2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8204.
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BACKGROUND: Pouteria campechiana leaves are reported to have phenol and flavonoid compounds. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds can act as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare phytochemical content, tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant activities, and determine of marker compound from P. campechiana leaves extract with different polarities solvent. METHODS: In addition, the content of marker compound from P. campechaina leaves extract was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The highest total phenolic content (TPC) 7.83 GAE/100 g extract, IC50 of tyrosinase 171.512 ± 1.352 and IC50 of DPPH 0.968 ± 0.008 was given by ethanolic extract (DE). Meanwhile ethyl acetate extract (DEA) had the highest of total flavonoid content 2.544 ± 0.554 QEA/100 g extract. The TPC correlated with tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Quercitrin was as marker compound from P. campechiana leaves extract, and quercitrin content in the DEA of P. campechiana leaves was 3.539%, while in the DE was 0.153%.
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Zhu, Kai, Chongshi Gu, Jianchun Qiu, and Hao Li. "The Analysis of the Concrete Gravity Dam’s Foundation Uplift Pressure under the Function of Typhoon." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2834192.
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How to evaluate the seepage safety status of the concrete gravity dam under the function of short-period heavy rainfall and the possible historical extreme reservoir water level during typhoon is an important issue considering the dam safety-monitoring. Based on analysis of the monitoring series of the foundation uplift pressure, this paper assumed the influential process of antecedent reservoir water level and rainfall as a process of normal distribution and introduced the mutation factor to reflect the uprush feature of uplift pressure under the function of high-influential typhoon. Moreover, the corresponding hysteresis days and influential days of the model are optimized with quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) to raise the fitting and prediction accuracy. It is verified that the new statistical model for fitting can obtain higher multiple correlation coefficient (0.972) compared with the traditional statistical model (0.925) and could also perfectly predict the uprush feature of the pressure during the typhoon, which is of certain theoretical and practical application value in the future.
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Schneider, Bruna Celestino, Janaína Vieira dos Santos Motta, Ludmila Correa Muniz, Renata Moraes Bielemann, Samanta Winck Madruga, Silvana Paiva Orlandi, Denise Petrucci Gigante, and Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção. "Desenho de um questionário de frequência alimentar digital autoaplicado para avaliar o consumo alimentar de adolescentes e adultos jovens: coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201600020017.
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RESUMO: Objetivo: Artigo metodológico com o objetivo de descrever a construção de um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) digital autoaplicado, desenvolvido para as coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982 e 1993. Métodos: O instrumento foi criado com base em QFAs anteriormente utilizados nas duas coortes em acompanhamentos nos anos de 2004 e 2008. O QFA foi elaborado incluindo 88 alimentos e/ou preparações cujas frequências foram agrupadas em categorias desde o valor mínimo de consumo de nunca ou < 1 vez/mês até o máximo de ≥ 5 vezes/dia. As opções fechadas relativas à porção foram construídas considerando recordatórios de 24 horas (R24Hs) anteriormente aplicados à subamostra da coorte de 1993. Três alternativas de porção foram construídas: igual, menos ou mais. A porção igual foi descrita com base no percentil 50 do consumo de cada alimento, obtido a partir das distribuições das porções constantes nos R24H. Fotos das porções relativas ao percentil 50 de cada alimento foram também incluídas ao formato do programa. Resultados: Esse QFA digital incluiu alimentos e preparações que atendem aos objetivos das pesquisas atuais. A aparência do programa foi atrativa à equipe de trabalho e também aos participantes do estudo. O tempo médio de aplicação de 12 minutos e a facilidade de preenchimento possibilitaram que vários participantes respondessem às questões ao mesmo tempo. Além disso, o instrumento dispensou a necessidade de entrevistador e a dupla entrada de dados em programa específico. Conclusão: Recomenda-se o uso dessa mesma estratégia em outros estudos, adaptando-a aos diferentes contextos e situações.
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Abd-Al Wahhab, Iman, Sarmad Nory Gany, and Hussein Abdul Kadhim. "Assessment of RBCs membrane protective activity of citicoline and eicosapentanoic- decosahexanoic acid in osmotic fragility model." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 10, no. 18 (July 26, 2017): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2014.10.18.118-121.
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Different organic compounds possess a good membranes stabilizing effects that protect cells like erythrocytes from strains exerted by change in medium osmolarity . These changes in tonicity could predispose RBCs for hemolysis . This disorder could be assessed by osmotic fragility test . From those compounds that widen osmotic fragility test values are citicoline (membrane phospholipids precursor) and polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA-DHA. Assessment of these compounds on osmotic fragility test revealed that both of citicoline and EPA-DHA will protect RBCs from hemolysis for a wider range than values of the control blank. Although these effects were statistically not significant on considering statistical correlation test, however, the differences were important on considering t test for the range of saline concentration between 0.4-0.5 at P<0.05 . From the overall results, both citicoline and pufa induced a significant change in statbility of RBCs membrane upon exposure of osmotic effects in the saline concentration between 0.4-0.5. Further evaluation of citicoline and EPA- DHA effects may be necessary before recommending the use these compounds in protection against hemolytic diseases.
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Noman, Yousuf Abdulmunem, and Domingo Fernández Uclés. "Efficiency Factors in the Olive Oil Sector in Turkey." Agriculture 14, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030493.
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Turkey ranks among the top five olive oil-producing countries in the world, and the olive crop plays a crucial role in its economy, economically, environmentally, and socially. One of the primary challenges facing the agricultural sector is its profitability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the olive sector in terms of economic efficiency, to identify productive and organizational variables directly associated with higher economic efficiency. Data were obtained from 193 organizations in the sector. A dual methodology is employed, comprising Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and, subsequently, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The findings highlight the relevance of variables such as organization size, irrigation usage, focus on olive oil, or cultivation on sloping terrain as factors associated with a higher level of economic efficiency.
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Tomanek, Krzysztof. "Metodyka dla analizy treści w projektach stosujących techniki text mining i rozwiązania CAQDAS piątej generacji." Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 13, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.13.2.07.
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Projekty, w których przychodzi nam pracować z dużymi wolumenami danych tekstowych, pochodzących z rożnych źródeł i zapisanych w różnorodnych formatach, rodzą wiele dylematów natury metodologicznej, wymagają często niestandardowych decyzji i rozwiązań. W szczególności zadanie polegające na opracowaniu danych o różnorodnej jakości, nieustrukturyzowanych typu quan i qual wymagać może pracy, w której dynamicznie zmieniają się strategie analizy danych, sposoby przekształcania danych tekstowych. Artykuł opisuje przykład takiej właśnie „dynamicznej” metodyki. Wykazała ona swoją wartość w zadaniu polegającym na klasyfikacji wypowiedzi pisanych. W tak zarysowanym kontekście autor artykułu mierzy się z następującymi celami: (a) czy można zastosować oprogramowanie klasy CAQDAS do pracy półautomatycznej lub automatycznej zastępującej część manualnej pracy nad klasyfikacją wypowiedzi? (b) jak skonstruować metodykę klasyfikacji dla danych o różnorodnej jakości? (c) kiedy klasyfikacja automatyczna jest przydatna, a kiedy nie ma szans powodzenia? W artykule zaznaczone zostaną momenty, w których analityk sięga po wiedzę typową dla analiz danych jakościowych oraz te, kiedy wiedza z tego obszaru nie jest już wystarczająca do realizacji wskazanych celów (natural language processing, uczenie maszynowe). Przykład projektu będący tłem artykułu wymusił zastosowanie kilku narzędzi i języków wspierających pracę na danych. Praca nad transformacją, klasyfikacją oraz wizualizacją wyników wymagała zastosowania bazy MySQL oraz programów: R, QDA Miner, Wordstat, QlikSense. Roli i ograniczeniom narzędzi klasy CAQDAS poświęconych zostało także kilka uwag.
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Lu, Meili, Wei Lei, Yujia Gao, and Qin Wan. "If There Appears a Path to Improve Chinese Logistics Industry Efficiency in Low-Carbon Perspective? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Provincial Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9977497.
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Taking the data of 30 Chinese provinces as a sample in which CO2 emission is denoted by undesirable output, this paper calculated the efficiencies of the logistics industry by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and analyzed the factors that affect logistics industry efficiency by applying the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method based on configuration thinking. It is found that the efficiency of China’s low-carbon logistics industry has presented an increasing trend and the efficiency gaps among the regions have been enlarged in the last 10 years. Two highly efficient paths have been formed in the three years after 2015. The path of management opening type has a high coverage ratio; logistics management level and operation are the core factors that improve logistics efficiency. The path of economy driving type covers few cases and it mainly relies on relative priority to influence and drive the development of regional logistics.
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Seraglio, Heloisa Piva, Angela Khetly Lazarotto, Valquíria Kulig Vieira, Indianara Carlotto Treco, Cinthya Raquel Alba Rech, Guilherme Welter Wendt, and Léia Carolina Lucio. "Avaliação dos fatores associados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e sua relação com o consumo de vitaminas A, C e E em mulheres em acompanhamento ginecológico preventivo." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (December 8, 2020): e94391110549. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10549.
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As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) são condições que impactam na qualidade de vida da população. As vitaminas antioxidantes - dentre elas as vitaminas A, C e E - são micronutrientes que regulam o processo de estresse oxidativo, presente na etiologia dessas doenças. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo quantitativo e transversal foi de avaliar os fatores associados com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e obesidade, sobretudo aqueles fatores ligados com o consumo de vitaminas antioxidantes em 112 mulheres em acompanhamento ginecológico preventivo em unidade de referência oncológica da cidade de Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados, foi efetuada a aplicação de dois questionários, visando avaliar o estado nutricional e de saúde das participantes, dados antropométricos, informações socioeconômicas, presença de comorbidades e o consumo de fontes alimentares das vitaminas antioxidantes por meio do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA). Os resultados mostraram que 8,9% da população estudada apresentou DM2, possuindo como fatores associados a idade mínima de 50 anos, presença de HAS e consumo de vitamina A. Em se tratando da HAS, verificou-se uma prevalência de 32,1% e o único fator efetivamente associado foi a presença de DM2. Já para a obesidade, não foi observado nenhum fator significativo associado a ela. O presente estudo reforça as evidências de que a ingestão adequada de frutas e hortaliças, por serem fontes de nutrientes antioxidantes, deve ser estimulada para prevenir as DCNT. No entanto, é necessário ampliar os estudos sobre a sua relação com essas patologias de forma mais generalista.
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Wasielewski, Milena, and Fabiana Assmann Poll. "AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS LÁCTEOS COMO FONTE DE CÁLCIO POR ESCOLARES NO MUNICÍPIO DE AGUDO-RS." DEMETRA: Alimentação, Nutrição & Saúde 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2018.32052.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência do consumo de alimentos lácteos como fonte de cálcio e os comportamentos associados a esse consumo. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em uma escola pública do município de Agudo-RS, com adolescentes estudantes do 4º, 5º e 6º anos do ensino fundamental. A coleta de dados se deu através de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) composto por uma lista de alimentos lácteos. Resultados: Participaram 32 escolares. Referiram não consumir nenhuma porção de lácteos por dia 31,3% dos escolares; 15,6% consomem uma porção e 53,1% consomem duas ou mais porções, não havendo diferença estatística significativa entre os sexos. Em relação ao café da manhã, 43,7% dos estudantes referem realizá-lo diariamente, sendo esse percentual maior no sexo masculino. Entre os produtos adicionados ao leite, os mais citados foram achocolatado (68,8%), seguido do café (59,4%). O consumo regular de refrigerantes foi relatado por 59,4% dos adolescentes, e os sucos artificiais por 53,1%. Discussão: A omissão do café da manhã e o alto consumo de bebidas açucaradas são fatores que podem contribuir para um menor consumo de laticínios, interferindo negativamente na ingestão de cálcio. Conclusão: O consumo de alimentos lácteos como fonte de cálcio mostrou-se mais prevalente para duas ou mais porções/dia, não havendo diferença significativa de consumo entre os sexos. A realização do café da manhã foi mais frequente entre adolescentes do sexo masculino. Observou-se elevado consumo de bebidas açucaradas, que podem ser considerados substitutos dos lácteos na rotina dos adolescentes.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.32052
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Guerra-Merchán, Antonio, Francisco Serrano, José M. García-Aguilar, José E. Ortiz, Trinidad Torres, and Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia. "Development of Quaternary travertines in the carbonate mountains of the western Costa del Sol, Málaga, southern Spain." Quaternary Research 92, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.128.
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AbstractThe predominantly carbonate nature of the mountains near the coast of Málaga and Marbella (Costa del Sol, southern Spain) and the presence of springs have favored the formation of travertine buildups during the Quaternary. The geomorphic characteristics of the slopes and the location of the springs have determined the development of three types of travertine growths: (1) spring travertines, located preferentially on the south mountainside, where the slope is steepest; (2) pool-dam-cascade travertines, which form along the north and east edges, far from the carbonate relief and with a gentler slope; and (3) river-valley travertines, formed in the courses of the springs of any sector. Field observations combined with new amino acid racemization (AAR) dating of Helicidae gastropods show that most of the travertine formations are polyphasic and that their development was interrupted by stages of erosion and incision. Five stages of travertine development are evident, most of which are related to warm, moist episodes corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 7, 5, 3, and 1, although local travertine growth also occurred during MIS 6 and during the transition from MIS 3 to 2.
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González Clota, Víctor. "Memòries múltiples, tradició i construcció de pau a Acholiland." Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia 37, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56247/qua.366.
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La justícia tradicional al nord d’Uganda ha estat un dels pocs recursos que la població acholi ha tingut a la seva disposició per explicar el passat. El conflicte armat iniciat pel LRA el 1986 i que es va allargar fins el 2009 a Acholiland ha marcat les realitats de la regió septentrional del país, entre elles la manera com s’explica el conflicte. Des de fa més d’una dècada les memòries no oficials de la guerra han començat a fer-se fortes als marges de l’estat per crear altres relats, el que anomenem memòries múltiples. Per fer-ho, la cultura tradicional acholi, encarnada en les figures representatives dels rwodis, ha recuperat part del seu costumari per apropar la construcció d’una pau estable i duradora. Malgrat no sempre s’ha aconseguit, i amb tots els matisos necessaris, les cerimònies del mato oput han establert espais on les veritats de les disputes aparegudes durant i després del conflicte s’han pogut debatre i tractar sota una mirada local i pròpia. Amb una gran empenta econòmica per part de les ONGs, podem dir que durant l’última dècada en dia, tant el mato oput com els rwodis, s’han consolidat com actors de la construcció de pau i memòries múltiples.
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Lopez Alterachs, Joan. "Racisme sistèmic, xenofòbia i afrodescendència a la República Dominicana." Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia 39, no. 1 (October 24, 2023): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56247/qua.314.
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En la present recerca analitzo el comportament marcadament racista d’amplis sectors de la societat dominicana, fent especial èmfasi en les particularitats de la província de La Romana, una zona on el cultiu intensiu de canya de sucre ha fet de la immigració haitiana la seva font de mà d’obra barata per excel·lència. Aquest fet implica que la qüestió racial a la República Dominicana abasti dues vessants ben diferenciades, una que associa de manera preponderant color de pell i classe, i una altra que associa afrodescendència amb la haitià-descendència, generant una profunda xenofòbia vers el país veí. La mixtura entre els prejudicis racials d’origen colonial amb les darreres onades migratòries al país, fan de la República Dominicana un brou de cultiu cromàtic,concebut com indigne per a una societat moderna, postulada com a pol d’atracció turístic a nivell mundial. Ens trobem davant d’una societat que, tot iser d’aclaparadora majoria afrodescendent, no dubta en classificar negativament, i de forma tant sistemàtica com estructural, a aquelles persones amb fenotips més afro. Una societat on encara a dia d’avui, el color de la pell pot ser decisiu a l’hora deproporcionar privilegis, tanmateix perpetuant la subalternitat de les persones que no gaudeixen defenotips més eurodescendents.
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Hadi, Muhammad, Muhammad Awais, Mohsin Raza, Kiran Khurshid, and Hyun Jung. "Neural Network DPD for Aggrandizing SM-VCSEL-SSMF-Based Radio over Fiber Link Performance." Photonics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8010019.
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This paper demonstrates an unprecedented novel neural network (NN)-based digital predistortion (DPD) solution to overcome the signal impairments and nonlinearities in Analog Optical fronthauls using radio over fiber (RoF) systems. DPD is realized with Volterra-based procedures that utilize indirect learning architecture (ILA) and direct learning architecture (DLA) that becomes quite complex. The proposed method using NNs evades issues associated with ILA and utilizes an NN to first model the RoF link and then trains an NN-based predistorter by backpropagating through the RoF NN model. Furthermore, the experimental evaluation is carried out for Long Term Evolution 20 MHz 256 quadraturre amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation signal using an 850 nm Single Mode VCSEL and Standard Single Mode Fiber to establish a comparison between the NN-based RoF link and Volterra-based Memory Polynomial and Generalized Memory Polynomial using ILA. The efficacy of the DPD is examined by reporting the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio and Error Vector Magnitude. The experimental findings imply that NN-DPD convincingly learns the RoF nonlinearities which may not suit a Volterra-based model, and hence may offer a favorable trade-off in terms of computational overhead and DPD performance.
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M. Hussan, Basim. "Determination of the prevalence of viral aetiology of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in Baghdad province." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 8, no. 14 (August 2, 2017): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2012.8.14.163-176.
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Determination the prevalence of viral, parasitic and bacterial etiology of gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea in various hospitals of Baghdad province. A total of 250 stool samples were collected from various hospitals of Baghdad province .Samples were investigated for bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination. Bacterial culture of stool samples was done in different culture media including MacConkey, XLD, DCA, TCBS and campylobacter media, TCBS and selenite F broth and bacterial growth was examined by analytical profile index (Api20E) system , commercial antisera and colonies characteristics. Enzyme immunoassays were used to identify Group A rotavirus ,Astrovirus and enteric adenovirus Out of 250, 106 children (42.4%) were diagnosed as viral infection of which Rotavirus was found in the majority of cases 91 (36.4%), Adenovirus was detected in 15(6%) patients. bacterial causes were 63 (25.2%) of which 36 (14.4%) were Escherichia coli (ETEC), 12 (4.8%) were Shigella flexneri , 6(2.4%) were Campylobacter jejunii and 9(3.6) were Salmonella enteritidis . Entamoeba histolytica 22 (8.8%) and Giardia lamblia 22 (8.8%) were the most frequent parasite which isolated from all diarrheal stool specimens. Also from total of 250 samples, 40 samples (16%) were dysenteric stool specimens (bloody diarrhea) and the most common pathogens isolated from dysenteric stool specimens were E.histolytica 22(8.8%), Shigella flexneri 12(4.8%) and Campylobacter jejunii 6 (2.4%). The current study revealed a high prevalence of rotavirus as most common cause of diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age.
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Ferreira, Isadora Borne, Camila Bosse Paiva, Joana Corrêa de Magalhães Narvaez, and Vera Lucia Bosa. "Estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares de dependentes químicos em tratamento ambulatorial." Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 64, no. 2 (June 2015): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000070.
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Objetivo Identificar o estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares de pacientes masculinos em recuperação de dependência química em acompanhamento ambulatorial de uma unidade de adição. Métodos Estudo transversal com 25 pacientes adultos em tratamento ambulatorial para dependência química. Foram aferidos parâmetros antropométricos (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal) e de composição corporal (bioimpedância elétrica), e foram investigados hábitos alimentares (Questionário de Frequência Alimentar – QFA). As variáveis categóricas são apresentadas como frequências e percentuais e as variáveis contínuas, como média e desvio-padrão ou como mediana e intervalo interquartil. Resultados Observou-se índice de massa corporal médio de 27,73 ± 4,15 kg/m2, com prevalência de sobrepeso de 80% e obesidade de 8%. A média da circunferência da cintura foi de 96,60 ± 9,84 cm e a de percentual de gordura corporal, de 23,24 ± 6,44. A maior parte da amostra estudada [20 (80%)] refere realizar quatro ou mais refeições por dia e 72% referiram aumento do consumo alimentar no período de abstinência. A preferência por alimentos específicos no período de abstinência foi relatada por 12 (48%) pacientes. Em relação ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, destaca-se o consumo diário de pão francês (68%), pães brancos de forma (16%), sucos artificiais (48%), refrigerantes (32%), queijo amarelo (36%), embutidos com alto teor de gordura (36%) e balas e chicletes (32%). Conclusão Os resultados mostram prevalência elevada de sobrepeso e obesidade, além de medida de circunferência da cintura alterada, relato de aumento da ingestão alimentar e consumo diário e semanal elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados.
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Santos, Camila Domingo dos, Vitória Leal Queiroz e. Souza, and Pollyanna Ayub Ferreira. "A relação do consumo alimentar e microbiota intestinal em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de uma clínica particular de Minas Gerais." Research, Society and Development 12, no. 13 (December 8, 2023): e134121344385. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i13.44385.
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O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença caracterizada por provocar hiperglicemias constantes, complicações metabólicas como, fadiga, poliúria, polidipsia e prejuízos renais e cardiovasculares. Além disso, o portador de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 pode sofrer com sintomas gastrointestinais, como diarreia, flatulência, náuseas, vômitos e dores abdominais. É uma condição em crescimento exponencial no mundo e sua causa está relacionada a fatores genéticos e ambientais, como alimentação inadequada e sedentarismo. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma pesquisa de consumo alimentar e sua relação com a disbiose intestinal em um grupo de pacientes portadores de DM2, a fim de avançar estudos que promovam maior qualidade de vida a esses pacientes acometidos. A amostra foi composta por 13 voluntários, entre 18 a 69 anos, de ambos os gêneros, portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, de uma clínica particular de Minas Gerais. Para avaliar os dados, foi utilizado um questionário contemplando dados antropométricos, a Escala de Bristol, o instrumento Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) para verificar a incidência de sintomas gastrointestinais e o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA). Foi possível verificar que a maioria dos pacientes diabéticos apresentaram sobrepeso ou algum grau de obesidade e também relataram sintomas gastrointestinais, como diarreia, constipação, flatulência, azia, refluxo e náuseas, com o consumo de leite e derivados, frutas, carnes vermelhas e brancas, bolo e pão de queijo e sementes. Sendo assim, a compreensão do padrão alimentar e manejo da sintomatologia é fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.
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Li, Wencheng, Lei Wang, Qi Wan, Weijia You, and Shaowen Zhang. "A Configurational Analysis of Family Farm Management Efficiency: Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 6015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106015.
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Family farms are the “most-desirable”; new-style agricultural production and management entities in China at this stage, as well as their production behaviors, play an important role in achieving sustainability in agricultural development. The scientific evaluation of family farm management efficiency and the identification of an effective path to the high efficiency of family farms with different resource endowments are critical for family farms to transform from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement and develop in a sustainable and healthy way. Based on the data from a rural fixed observation point of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, this study randomly selected representatives from 532 family farms from 27 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China as research objects; calculated their total factor productivity based on the DEA model; and employed the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method to identify the configuration models for a high total factor productivity, which combines the factors of land investment, capital investment, labor investment, education level of farm leaders, land transfer years, the introduction of new technology and new equipment, and financial support. It is found that the average efficiency of family farms in China is not high yet, and both the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have great room for improvement. The efficiency of family farms is not determined by one single condition, but by the combinations of multiple factors. The introduction of new technology and new equipment, long land transfer period, high input of production and labor, and financial support are the driving forces to improve the efficiency of family farms. This demonstrates that although the current family farms are still in the cultivation stage of capital and labor-intensive investment, they do not mainly rely on traditional agricultural productions such as labor to achieve high efficiency. The managerial implications are as follows. First, the strategy of intensive and efficient management instead of the blind expansion of land scale should be considered, the full play to the role of family labor while controlling the scale of employees is highly suggested. Second, attention should be paid to the accumulation of the human capital of family farm practitioners, which implies that more highly educated people for family farm management, as well as high-technical-skilled farm operators, should be employed. Third, it is necessary to create a good institutional environment for the development of family farms and to increase financial support such as credit loans for family farms.
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Miranda, Valter Paulo Neves, Núbia de Souza De Morais, Karina Rafaela Ramos, Joice Ermelinda Cecílio Da Silva, and Silvia Eloiza Priore. "Imagem corporal em relação a frequência alimentar de adolescentes do sexo feminino." JMPHC | Journal of Management & Primary Health Care | ISSN 2179-6750 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/jmphc.v7i1.493.
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A adolescência é uma fase da vida que ocorrem mudanças que influenciam todo o processo de avaliação da aparência física. A imagem corporal representa como o indivíduo se sente, se comporta e se percebe em relação as suas formas corporais. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentam maior preocupação com sua imagem corporal em relação aos meninos, principalmente maior insatisfação e distorção causadas pelo desejo em se ter um corpo magro. Avaliar a imagem corporal em relação a frequência alimentar de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Estudo transversal com 274 adolescentes do sexo feminino, entre 14 e 19 anos, residentes no município de Viçosa, MG. O estudo é vinculado ao projeto de doutorado aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UFV sob o registro 700.976 em 04/07/2014. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pela Escala de Silhuetas e pelo Questionário de Imagem Corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire – BSQ). Foram aferidos peso e estatura, para posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), sendo este classificado por meio de percentis, utilizando-se as curvas de IMC/idade da WHO (2007). O percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) foi aferido utilizando-se a balança Tanita BC-543® e classificado segundo os pontos de corte de Willians et al. (1992). O Perímetro da Cintura (PC) foi aferido e utilizado para o cálculo da Relação Cintura-Estatura (RCE). Foram aferidas as dobras cutâneas tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaca e subescapular, através das técnicas da WHO (1995). Para avaliar o consumo alimentar foi utilizado o Questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) simplificado e dividido nos grupos alimentares. A média de idade entre as adolescentes foi de 15,6 (±1,26) anos. Observou-se que, durante os sete dias analisados, mais adolescentes consumiam doces e açúcares (30,6%) que frutas ou sucos naturais (25,4%). Verificou-se que a média do número de refeições/dia no fim de semana (3,98 ± 1,02) foi menor que durante a semana (4,06 ± 0,85). Pela avaliação da Escala de Silhuetas, 50% das meninas se apresentaram insatisfeitas com a imagem corporal. De acordo com o BSQ, 45,5% das adolescentes apresentou algum grau de insatisfação com a imagem corporal. A figura da silhueta mais escolhida como a ideal foi a de número 03 (23,5%), que representa um IMC de 17,5 kg/m², que seria classificado como baixo peso. Também foi verificado que a média do número de refeições total, durante a semana e no final de semana teve relação e associação com a insatisfação corporal, ou seja, quanto menor o número de refeições relatada pelas adolescentes maior a insatisfação corporal (p<0,05). Isso mostra que as meninas mais insatisfeitas faziam maior restrição alimentar. A insatisfação corporal e o desejo por um corpo magro foi evidente nas adolescentes. As meninas mais insatisfeitas restringiram mais o número de refeições em relação àquelas mais satisfeitas com sua imagem corporal. É importante a realização de estudos que avaliem diferentes variáveis da composição corporal e os hábitos alimentares da população adolescente para se verificar os diferentes fatores que podem estar relacionados com a avaliação imagem corporal. Apoio: FAPEMIG e CNPq.
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Choi, Philip Young-Ill. "Non-Pathogenic Antibodies in HIT: Clustering for Clarity." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3481.3481.
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Abstract Introduction Antibodies against Platelet factor (PF)4/heparin complexes are found in patients who have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of developing anti-PF4/heparin antibodies due to the release of PF4 from activated platelets and exposure to intravenous heparin. Reports on postoperative incidence vary from 22-61%. In the absence of symptoms of HIT, their clinical relevance remains as uncertain as the determinants for their pathogenicity. We planned to examine the incidence and time course of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using a commercially available IgG specific ELISA kit in common clinical use. After identifying serum containing anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, we planned to assess their reactivity against a panel of 16 mutant(m)PF4 proteins in order to map their epitopes and determine if any differences exist with clinically pathogenic HIT samples. Methods After obtaining informed consent from patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery, we performed ELISA using: (1) commercial Diagnostica Stago Asserachrom IgG kit (Cat.Nr 00624); (2) in-house ELISA with platelet derived native(n)PF4; (3) in-house ELISA with recombinant wild type(wt) and mPF4, expressed in E. Coli BL21(DE3) via pET-11a expression vector. ELISA performed as per manufacturer instructions and published methods. All samples were screened with the commercial kit on day 7, or the nearest available serum between day 4-10. Positive samples were then examined longitudinally to chart the onset of antibody formation and their duration. All samples were screened again using nPF4, and the results compared with the commercial kit. Concordant positive samples were further investigated by assessing their reactivity against 16 mPF4s that we selected based on available crystallography of human PF4 (D7A, Q9A, K14A, S17A, Q18A, R20A, R22A, P34A, H35A, T38A, K46A, N47A, R49A, D54A, L55A and Q56A). Unsupervised agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed with PearsonÕs correlations and McQuittyÕs linkage analysis using RStudio version 0.98.1103. Multiscale bootstrap resampling was performed on the clustering to obtain p-values that were significant if <0.05. Results Commercial ELISA identified 30/127 (23%) patients positive for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies following cardiac surgery. Four patients had antibodies pre-operatively. Thus, 26 patients had de novo antibodies: 21/26 (80%) were first detectable on days 5, 6 or 7; 11/26 (42%) had antibodies detected on only one occasion; 12/15 (80%) demonstrated increasing optical density after first detection; 3 patients with de novo antibodies lost their antibodies by day 8, 9 and 32. In-house ELISA using nPF4 revealed only 10/127 (7%) positive cases: 8/30 (26%) patients identified by the commercial kit were also positive for anti-nPF4/heparin antibodies; another 2/97 (2%) were positive for anti-nPF4/heparin antibodies but negative on the commercial kit. Cluster analysis of 10 non-pathogenic anti-PF4/heparin antibodies identified several candidate epitopes. Despite considerable overlap, distinct patterns of clustering emerged to differentiate HIT serum from non-pathogenic samples. See Figures 1 and 2. Conclusion 23% of cardiac surgery patients are positive on commercial HIT screening. Using an in-house preparation of nPF4, this number falls to only 7%. In the absence of clinical symptoms for HIT, these cases represent true non-pathogenic antibodies to PF4/heparin complexes. The overlapping clusters identified reflect the polyclonal nature of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies. In addition, we postulate that some patients identified by HIT screening may be cross-reacting to PF4/nucleic acid complexes. Our study was limited by the small number of true non-pathogenic cases we could identify for mapping purposes. Future, collaborative studies are justified to confirm our findings and explore further determinants for PF4/heparin antibody pathogenicity. Figure 1. Unsupervised cluster dendrogram of mPF4s: hierarchical cluster analysis using nonpathogenic antibody samples. Boxes highlight significant clusters with a p value <0.05. Figure 1. Unsupervised cluster dendrogram of mPF4s: hierarchical cluster analysis using nonpathogenic antibody samples. Boxes highlight significant clusters with a p value <0.05. Figure 2. Relative change in optical density of serum with mPF4 compared to wtPF4. ELISA with horseradish peroxidase conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG. Figure 2. Relative change in optical density of serum with mPF4 compared to wtPF4. ELISA with horseradish peroxidase conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Chen, Zi-Ti, Bor-Shiunn Lee, Tsung-Han Tu, Yi-Tsu Chan, and Che-Chen Chang. "Covalent bonding of quaternary ammonium compounds and zwitterionic polymer functional layers on polydimethylsiloxane against Escherichia Coli adhesion." Journal of Biomaterials Applications, December 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08853282231219063.
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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are recognized by the World Health Organization as a useful disinfectant against microbes. The synergistic effect of zwitterionic polymers with QACs as antimicrobial agents rather than QACs alone is yet to be investigated. A potential strategy is the use of covalent bonding to halt the release of minute antibacterials and a hierarchy of functional layers to detain and annihilate microbes. The strategy was tested on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface on which quaternized poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (qDMA+) and sulfobetaine (SBMA) were hierarchically functionalized. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the quaternization of DMA to qDMA+, grafting of qDMA + on PDMS (PDMS-qDMA+), and grafting of the SBMA overlayer on PDMS-qDMA+ (PDMS-qDMA+-SB). Contact angle measurement showed that PDMS-qDMA + exhibited the lowest contact angle (26.2 ± 2.9°) compared with the hydrophobic PDMS (115.2 ± 1.6°), but that of PDMSqDMA+-SB increased to 56.3 ± 1.3°. The Escherichia coli survival count revealed that PDMS-qDMA+ and PDMS-qDMA+-SB exhibited significantly greater bactericidal ability than PDMS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed fewer dead bacteria on PDMS-qDMA+-SB than on PDMS-qDMA+. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that E. coli was disintegrated on the functionalized surface via dual-end cell lysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of this type of process. The results confirmed the potent antibacterial and cell disruption activities of the qDMA+ and SBMA modified PDMS surface.
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Zekan, Bozana, and Josef A. Mazanec. "Efficient Satisfaction Building: A Comparative Study of Ski Resorts." Tourism Analysis, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354222x16584499446094.
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Destination managers aim at assuring high visitor satisfaction. Efficiency in satisfaction building has been a neglected issue in tourism research. In this study the authors examine the levels of efficiency which ski resorts attain in pursuing this objective. Configurations of satisfaction dimensions lead to some level of overall satisfaction. If high ratings for all dimensions are not necessary for achieving top overall satisfaction, destination managers get room for efficiency improvement. In a mixed-methods approach the authors analyze data from a sample of 54 Austrian, French, German, Italian, and Swiss ski resorts based on a survey totaling 12,234 cases. The two methods, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), complement each other. An individual satisfaction item contributes to overall satisfaction depending on the simultaneous value of other items. QCA shows the holistic effect of such item configurations. DEA extracts the differences with regard to efficient satisfaction building and paves the way for resort benchmarking by proposing best-fitting benchmarking partners. Results indicate that destinations need not deliver top service quality in all satisfaction dimensions to achieve above average overall satisfaction. 33 out of 54 resorts turn out to be inefficient in their satisfaction building efforts.
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Liu, Hui, Minhui Tang, Hanliang Huang, and Yan Sun. "Research self-efficacy sources of DBA candidates: A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) study in China." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, January 14, 2021, 002072092098352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720920983527.
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Based on social cognitive theory, this research examines the collective effects of individual behaviours (learning motivations and learning strategies) and environmental factors (mentorship effectiveness, course experience, and research training environment) on DBA candidates’ research self-efficacy. Based on data from 156 questionnaires collected from Jinan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University in China, this study adopts an fsQCA approach and concludes that (1) DBA candidates’ research self-efficacy stems from all three sets of factors, including learning motivations, learning strategies, and environmental factors. These factors, at either a high level or a low level, combine to generate a number of antecedent configurations; (2) environmental factors, especially mentorship effectiveness and course experience, substantially boost DBA students’ research self-efficacy; (3) unlike environmental factors, learning motivations and learning strategies seem to have limited effects on the development of research self-efficacy and act more as contributing conditions than core conditions. This paper makes theoretical contributions to the research fields of both DBA and research self-efficacy.
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Chaves, Mariana de Campos, Ligiana Pires Corona, Luana Ribeiro do Valle Garcia, Ana Paula Bortoleto, and Larissa Miho Hara. "Análise da associação entre consumo alimentar e adesão a um programa de compostagem doméstica." Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP, no. 26 (February 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic262018985.
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Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção (ensaio) com 10 famílias do município de Campinas (SP) divididas igualitariamente em divididas em 2 grupos: controle e intervenção. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através de: Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), Diário Alimentar de 3 dias não consecutivos, sendo 1 dia do fim de semana e Lista de Compras. Os itens do QFA foram classificados segundo o Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira: in natura, minimamente processados, processados, ultraprocessados, e óleos, gorduras, sal e açúcar (OGSA). A frequência de consumo dos itens foi padronizada em quantidade semanal e as diferenças entre antes e depois dos grupos foram analisadas pelo software Stata® versão 12, utilizando teste t-student pareado, com significância de 5%. Não foi possível realizar análise estatística dos dados do Diário Alimentar e da Lista de Compras pois não houve adesão de todas as famílias às ferramentas.
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Tian, Hongna, Jingge Han, Meiling Sun, and Xichen Lv. "Keeping pace with the times: research on the impact of digital leadership on radical green innovation of manufacturing enterprises." European Journal of Innovation Management, October 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-11-2022-0647.
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PurposeToward sustainable development, radical green innovation (RGI) is necessary. Despite extensive research on the factors influencing green innovation, few studies have been conducted on the precursors. Based on upper echelons (UE) theory, dynamic capability (DC) theory, “stimulus-organism-response” (SOR) theory, social information processing (SIP) theory and cognitive appraisal (CA) theory of emotion, the study explores how digital leadership (DL) affects RGI and investigates the mediating effects of green organizational identity (GOI) and the moderating effects of digital threat (DT) and technology for social good (TSG), as well as the multiple concurrent causalities that trigger high RGI.Design/methodology/approachThe method of combining structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs QCA) is adopted in the study. Data from 233 questionnaires were collected at two different time points.FindingsThis study's findings indicate that the four dimensions of DL can positively influence RGI and GOI partially mediates between the four dimensions of DL and RGI. DT has a negative moderating effect between DL and GOI, while TSG is positively regulated between them, DT and TSG linkage moderates the partial mediating effect of GOI in DL and RGI. Further, fs QCA is used to analyze the causal complexity of DL dimensions and GOI to RGI and nine effective configuration paths are identified. It is found that the synergy of digital thinking ability (DTA), digital detection ability (DDA), digital social ability (DSA), digital reserve ability (DRA) and GOI is crucial to high RGI. Among them, GOI core appears the most times, indicating that GOI plays a vital role in improving enterprise RGI.Originality/valueThis study expands the literature on leadership and innovation by constructing a framework of “DL-GOI-RGI” and exploring the transmission of GOI and the boundary effect of DT and TSG. The study used fs QCA and SEM to better understand the statistical associations and the set relations between the conjunctions and conditions.
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Gou, Jie, Tianhe Jiang, Shaojun Chen, and Yihua Lu. "How does the grassroots drive just transition? Evidence from an alteration of resettlement sites in China." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (December 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1078207.
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Dam-induced resettlement is a typical pattern of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR), which concludes involuntariness and leads to injustice practices. Although the justice of resettlement is studied in existing works, few of them notice that the selection of resettlement sites might be holistically an opportunity for just transition, and the performance of this process is not totally a government arrangement. To address this gap, this paper takes the Multi-level Perspective (MLP) as the theoretical framework, and adopts mixed methods to examine a second selection case of resettlement sites for the Wuxikou dam in Jiangxi Province, China. Based on grounded theory, five categories of resettlees' demands for resettlement sites, namely agricultural production (AP), non-agricultural production (NAP), material life (ML), social life (SL), and reception of natural ecology (RNE) are identified. The multiple conjunctural causation between these demands and resettlees' actions for changing initial resettlement sites is analyzed by Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Four intermediate solutions as well as the core and peripheral conditions are found. Apart from the bottom-up petitions, how the political environment and governmental administration enabled the resettlees' request for altering resettlement sites is illustrated. It is found that, although the government and resettlees with different interests and action logics, the same result is promoted under the national policies, viz, the implementation of changing resettlement sites, process justice and outcome justice are therein realized. Relative policy implications and outlooks on just resettlement practice are remarked.
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Cai, Zhongxing, Luqi Li, Haoyu Wang, Sheng Yuan, Dong Yin, Weihua Song, and Kefei Dou. "Effect of type 2 diabetes on coronary artery ectasia: smaller lesion diameter and shorter lesion length but similar adverse cardiovascular events." Cardiovascular Diabetology 21, no. 1 (January 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01444-5.
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Abstract Background Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare finding in coronary angiography and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Unlike atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (DM) is not commonly associated with CAE. This study aims to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on coronary artery ectasia, especially the differences in angiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with angiographically confirmed CAE from 2009 to 2015 were included. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed to measure the diameter and length of the dilated lesion. The primary endpoint was the maximum diameter and maximum length of the dilated lesion at baseline coronary angiography. The secondary endpoint was 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which was a component of cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Propensity score weighting (PSW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to balance covariates. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression were performed to assess the clinical outcomes. Results A total of 1128 patients were included and 258 were combined with DM2. In the DM2 group, the maximum diameter of dilated lesion was significantly lower (5.26 mm vs. 5.47 mm, P = 0.004) and the maximum length of the dilated lesion was significantly shorter (25.20 mm vs. 31.34 mm, P = 0.002). This reduction in dilated lesion diameter (5.26 mm vs. 5.41 mm, P = 0.050 in PSW; 5.26 mm vs. 5.46 mm, P = 0.007 in PSM, respectively) and length (25.17 mm vs. 30.17 mm, P = 0.010 in PSW; 25.20 mm vs. 30.81 mm, P = 0.012 in PSM, respectively) was consistently observed in the propensity score analysis. A total of 27 cardiovascular deaths and 41 myocardial infarctions occurred at 5-year follow-up. Compared with non-DM group, there were similar risks of MACE (6.02% vs. 6.27%; HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.54–1.71, P = 0.894), cardiovascular death (2.05% vs. 2.61%; HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.29–2.05, P = 0.605) and MI (4.07% vs. 3.72%; HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.54–2.26, P = 0.782) in patients with DM2. Consistent result was observed in multivariable regression. Conclusions Compared to non-DM patients, patients with CAE and type 2 diabetes were associated with a smaller diameter and shorter length of dilated vessels, suggesting the important effect of DM2 on the pathophysiological process of CAE. Similar risks of MACE were found during 5-year follow up among diabetic and non-DM patients.
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Al-Saqarat, Bety S., Mahmoud Abbas, Zhongping Lai, Songlin Gong, Mustafa M. Alkuisi, Abdalla M. B. Abu Hamad, Paul A. Carling, and John D. Jansen. "A wetland oasis at Wadi Gharandal spanning 125–70 ka on the human migration trail in southern Jordan." Quaternary Research, November 5, 2020, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.82.
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Abstract Former lakes and wetlands can provide valuable insights to the late Pleistocene environments encountered by the first humans to enter the Levant from Africa. Fluvial incision along Wadi Gharandal in hyperarid southern Jordan has exposed remnants of a small riverine wetland that accumulated as a sedimentary sequence up to ~20 m thick. We conducted a chronometric and sedimentological study of this wetland, including 10 optically stimulated luminescence dates. The wetland sequence accumulated during the period ~125 to 70 ka in response to a positive water balance coupled with a (possibly coseismic) landslide that dammed the outlet. The valley fill was dissected when the dam was incised shortly after ~36 ± 3 ka. Comparison of our ages with regional palaeoclimate indicates that the Gharandal oasis developed during the relatively humid Marine Isotope Stage 5. A minimum age of 74 ± 7 ka for two Levallois flakes collected from stratified sediments suggests that the oasis was visited by humans during the critical 130–90 ka time window of human migration out of Africa. Gharandal joins a growing network of freshwater sites that enabled humans to cross areas of the Levant and Arabia along corridors of human dispersal.
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Tang, Gennian, Luqian Wang, Tao Zheng, and Weie Wu. "What types of business environment fosters the emergence of more specialized and sophisticated “little giant” enterprises?—An empirical study based on the TOE framework and configuration adaptation theory." Managerial and Decision Economics, January 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.4063.
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AbstractNurturing specialized and sophisticated enterprises is a vital strategic initiative to mitigate the dependency on crucial technologies and to promote the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry. Basing on a technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, combined with geographic concentration, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods, this article analyzes the conducive business environment for the growth of specialized and sophisticated “little giant” enterprises (LGEs) from configurational perspective. It takes the quantity and density of LGEs in different regions of China as the consequence event. The findings show that: (1) the spatial distribution of LGEs is highly uneven with a geographic concentration index (CR5) of 0.436 and a Herfindahl–Hirschman Index of 0.0599. (2) The presence of numerous technology‐oriented SMEs and a “favorable” business environment are not necessarily the regions where a larger number of LGEs are fostered. Indeed, the harmonious interplay of TOE is more important for achieving optimal outcomes. The differential configurations contributing to the regional output variations of LGEs can be classified with three patterns: technology‐organization‐environment synergistic promotion type (H1), innovation stimulation through effective financial support type (H2a), and compensatory type for inadequate innovation resources (H2b). While these configurations may lead to similar outcomes, they do not yield the same effectiveness. (3) The DEA reveals a tendency for “over‐optimization” in improving regional business environment under the TOE framework, indicating the presence of “input redundancy” and corresponding “output loss” issues in TOE factors. Local governments must adhere to the “barrel principle” and optimize the business environment that aligns with development of LGEs through the concept of dynamic adaptation. Adopting an organizational mindset of “stringing beads into chains” can help construct regional industrial chains with distinctive features.
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Melnikova, Elena, Ekaterina Stanislavskaya, Ekaterina Bogdanova, and Ekaterina Shabalova. "Micellar Casein Production and Application in Dairy Protein Industry." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology, October 5, 2022, 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-3-2389.
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The modern food industry sees raw milk as a source of functional ingredients. Technologies of protein ingredients have a great scientific and practical importance because membrane fractionation methods preserve the native structure and properties of protein components. The resulting proteins have good fat profile, moisture retention, and emulsification characteristics, as well as perform some useful technological functions in food systems. They have no status of food additives and can be applied in various branches of food production. Unfortunately, the Russian food industry has no such technologies of its own. This article introduces some technological recommendations for the p roduction of domestic micellar casein concentrate.
The research involved skim milk, commercial micellar casein concentrates from various manufacturers, curd samples with 9.0% of fat in dry matter, and Rossiysky cheese produced according to traditional formulation and technology. The experiment relied on standard research methods of physical and chemical analysis to establish the chemical composition of the samples, e.g., fractional composition of skim milk proteins, grain-size distribution, amino acid profile, etc.
The study involved a comparative analysis of the chemical composition, as well as functional and technological properties of commercial micellar casein concentrates from various manufacturers. A set of experiments made it possible to define the thermal effect on raw material and to predict the prospects for usage of the new technology. Samples with a high ratio of casein:whey proteins and a moderately high heat treatment increased the curd and cheese yield by 10–12% in comparison with the traditional formulation. Samples with the maximal concentration of undenatured milk-serum protein nitrogen increased the yield of protein dairy products by 2–3% in comparison with other samples of micellar casein concentrates. The ratio of casein:whey proteins was 80:20 in skim milk obtained at PJSC Dairy “Voronezhsky”. The optimal pore diameter was ≥ 15 nm. As for the microbiological properties, QMA&OAMO was 6×104 CFU/dm3, and no pathogenic microorganisms were detected.
Therefore, low-temperature pasteurization proved feasible at ≤ 76 ± 2°C and 10–15 s of hold time. The micellar casein concentrate added certain functional and technological properties to the finished product, depending on the specific application scope.
The new technology will enable the domestic food industry to ov ercome the existing import dependence.
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Schwarz, Luana, and Thais Mariotto Cezar. "AVALIAÇÃO DOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES ATRAVÉS DE QUESTIONÁRIO DE FREQUÊNCIA ALIMENTAR (QFA) DE UM GRUPO DE EMAGRECIMENTO EM UMA CLÍNICA ESCOLA DE UM CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA CIDADE DE CASCAVEL – PR." FAG JOURNAL OF HEALTH (FJH), June 9, 2019, 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35984/fjh.v0i0.34.
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A avaliação dos hábitos alimentares tem como finalidade avaliar o estado nutricional do indivíduo, uma vez que a alimentação humana é um indicador essencial para qualidade de vida, podendo sofrer mudanças de acordo com a quantidade e qualidade dos alimentos escolhidos e obtidos pelas pessoas. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a frequência alimentar de participantes de um grupo de emagrecimento em um Centro Universitário da cidade de Cascavel – PR através de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) com finalidade de avaliar os hábitos alimentares dos mesmos. O grupo foi composto por 16 participantes com idade entre 18 e 60 anos por colaboradoras do Centro Universitário, mas somente 10 participantes entregaram o questionário e 3 desistiram a partir do segundo encontro. Realizaram-se atendimentos individuais em uma sala de avaliação nutricional com coleta de altura, pregas cutâneas, avaliação de bioimpedância, circunferências e anamnese. Cada participante recebeu um plano alimentar individualizado respeitando suas necessidades nutricionais. Os questionários foram entregues para que os participantes preenchessem em casa e foi recolhido no encontro posterior. Além disso, foram ministradas palestras e atividades práticas sobre alimentação saudável com duração de 10 encontros uma vez por semana. O Questionário de Frequência Alimentar avaliou um total de 23 itens que foram juntados em 9 grupos para posterior apresentação. Avaliou-se massas em geral, tubérculos, arroz e pães, leite e derivados, ovos, carnes e embutidos, leguminosas, verduras, legumes e frutas, bebidas, manteiga ou margarina, molhos ou temperos e doces ou sobremesas. Através dos itens avaliados os que tiveram maior frequência no consumo foi o arroz branco ou integral que apresentou o consumo semanal de 40% dos participantes e consumo diário de 40%, os pães brancos ou integrais, onde 40% tinham o hábito de consumir toda semana e 40% dos participantes consumiam diáriamente o consumo de carboidratos devem ser distribuídas em 6 porções ao longo do dia, sempre optando por alimentos in natura. A frequência do consumo de embutidos demonstrou que 60% dos participantes consumiam de forma diária ou semanal, o consumo excessivo de gordura trans, gordura saturada e sódio aumentam o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Os sucos industrializados ou refrigerantes apresentaram um consumo semanal de 80% dos participantes, o consumo de bebidas açucaradas refletem em uma dieta com baixa qualidade nutricional, podendo incidir no desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como diabetes tipo 2. Contudo, podemos perceber que a educação nutricional é de extrema necessidade para que a população avaliada melhore seus hábitos alimentares e consequentemente melhore a qualidade de vida.
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Connell, Ph.D., Margaretann. "Literacy of Environmental Education Assessment Framework (LEEAF)." Sustainable Desk 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.58525/tsd.v1i1.5.
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The Literacy of Environmental Education Assessment Framework (LEEAF) is a pre and post-assessment survey to evaluate the current Environmental Education (EE) curriculum and learn how it supports the Science / Environmental Education Curricular Standards (Connell, 2019). LEEAF provides a systematic approach to aligning the existing and self-adopted EE science standards based on NAAEE (2010), GCDEE (1980), and Tbilisi (1978). The three categories: Fully Aligned - EE curricula and science professional development questions (100% - 70%); Partially Aligned - science curricula and professional development questions that also discuss the possible implementation of the EE curriculum (69% - 30%); Not Aligned - questions, discussing the current science curricula and which areas are successful and the other regions in which improvement requires an implementation of an EE curriculum (29% - 0%). LEEAF is a two-year assessment comprising four assessments submitted to school educators, administrators, students, and community stakeholders to determine EE alignment. LEEAF works per Tscion Research Environmental Education, Enrichment & Stewardship (TREEES). TREEES is an environmental education framework that provides activities that improve EE literacy for students, teachers, and community efforts. The LEEAF assessment allows TREEES to determine EE alignment and apply the appropriate percentage of activities based on science curricular deficiencies and strengths. During the evaluation, public and private school data are analyzed through qualitative and content analysis to assess the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK, Schulman, 1987) of the school or institution, to check for curricular’ understanding or misunderstandings, and teachers’ reflection on their teaching( Tan, Yap & Wan, 2002). Introduction The Literacy of Environmental Education Assessment Framework (LEEAF) is a pre-assessment portion of a two-part survey administered to the X school district. This survey aims to evaluate the current culture and climate of the X school district and how it supports the Science / Environmental Education Curricular Standards. This survey would be administered districtwide to a total of X schools. Participants of this survey would include X Teachers, grade levels: K-12, and School & District Administrators. This data of X schools would be assessed to determine the proper alignment category and development of the LEEAF Post-Assessment surveys. The three categories are: Fully Aligned, direct Environmental Education curricula and science professional development questions Partially Aligned, direct science curricula and professional development questions that also discuss the possible implementation of the Environmental Education curriculum. Not Aligned, direct questions discuss the current science curricula, which areas are successful, and other areas where improvement is needed to implement an Environmental Education curriculum. The first initial stages of assessment would require evaluating the overall data of the X and X. This data would be evaluated through the adapted National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) surveys to determine the general relevancy of the X and the NAAEE Guidelines Coding System. All data would be analyzed using the Qualtrics Data Analysis Software (QDA). Method The methodology of this proposal refers to the dissertation, A Systematic Approach to Understanding Alignment Between The Existing And Self-Adopted Environmental Education Standards: United States Sixth to Twelfth Grade Environmental Science Standards (Connell, 2019), Excellence in Environmental Education: Guidelines for Learning (NAAEE Guidelines) (Simmons/NAAEE, 2010a), the Tbilisi Declaration Objectives (UNESCO, 1978), and the Goals for Curriculum Development in Environmental Education (GCDEE) (Hungerford, Peyton & Wilke, 1980). Results Connell, 2019 conducted a systematic approach to determine the alignment between the existing and self-adopted science 6th-12th grade EE science standards. Based on NAAEE (2010), GCDEE (1980), and Tbilisi (1978), Connell, 2019 determined how ten randomly selected States within U.S. EPA Regions aligned with Existing Environmental Education Standards (EEES). This research addressed if each State’s alignment was implicit or explicit with environmental education standards. The Connell 2019 research design was conducted by means of deductive content analysis (DCA) (Mayring, 2002) and coding procedures based on the theoretical formulation of Krippendorff (2004). Therefore, measures were put in place by Goals of Curriculum Development of Environmental Education (GCDEE/ Hungerford et al., 1980) to create specific goals and objectives appropriate for curricular and instructional implementation as follows: Level I: Ecological Foundation Level Level II: Conceptual Awareness Level – Issues and Values Level III: Investigation and Evaluation Level Level IV: Action Skills Level – Training and Application Discussion Data analysis would be conducted through quantitative and qualitative deductive content analysis (Mayring, 2000; Connell, 2019). Connell notes that deductive content analysis examines textual documents with established themes for coding and evaluation purposes. Quantitative Methods for the TREEES’ LEEAF Pre-Assessment Survey would be analyzed with Qualtrics Data Analysis System based on a Coding System developed by Connell, 2019. Results from the Post Assessment Survey determine the level of support and types of for Culturally Relevant Professional Learning Experiences to determine how Sci./Soc. Studies Curricular Standards align with the NAAEE Guidelines (Simmons, 2010).