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Journal articles on the topic 'Qing history'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Wang, Tongxin. "History of Chinese Classical Gardens." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1814.

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From the beginning of Shang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty the development of Chinese classical landscape gardens went through five periods: the formation period of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, the transition period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the heyday of Tang Dynasty, the maturity period of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the middle and end of Qing Dynasty. Five thousand years of glorious Chinese culture makes Chinese classical gardens different from Western gardens and Islamic gardens. The unique garden system and style give rise to the unique and profound Chinese classical garden system in world history. Based on the history of Chinese classical gardens, the paper focuses on the historical background of the development of the Song garden, the characteristics of typical gardens and literati gardens in the two Song dynasties, in order to understand the development process of the Song garden more deeply. Under the condition of learning and understanding, the method and concept characteristics of classical garden design in Song Dynasty are inherited and applied to modern garden planning and design.

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2

Erkang, Feng. "Studies of Qing History." Chinese Studies in History 43, no. 2 (December 2009): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633430203.

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3

Waley-Cohen, J. "The New Qing History." Radical History Review 2004, no. 88 (January 1, 2004): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2004-88-193.

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4

von Glahn, Richard. "Modalities of the Fiscal State in Imperial China." Journal of Chinese History 4, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2019.15.

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AbstractIn the past two decades, increasing attention has been paid to the significance of the fiscal capacity of the premodern state to promote or retard economic growth. In particular, scholarship on economic history has stressed the positive impact the emergence of the “fiscal state” had in enhancing economic growth in early modern Europe. Comparative studies have contrasted the administrative efficiency of the emerging European fiscal state with contemporary Asian empires (the Ottomans, Mughals, and the Ming and Qing empires in China). But the Ming-Qing state represents only one version of Chinese state formation under the Chinese empire. This article identifies four basic types of fiscal state that appeared between the Qin unification and the Ming-Qing era, analyzes their ideological foundations, and assesses their implications for economic growth.

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5

Wang, Q. Edward. "Qingshi (Qing History): Why a New Dynastic History?" Chinese Studies in History 43, no. 2 (December 2009): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633430200.

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6

Pease, Jonathan, and Timothy Brook. "Geographical Sources of Ming-Qing History." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 12 (December 1990): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/495234.

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7

Heijdra, Martin. "GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCES OF MING-QING HISTORY." Ming Studies 1990, no. 1 (January 1990): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/014703790788763884.

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8

Park, Nancy, and Robert Antony. "Archival Research in Qing Legal History." Late Imperial China 14, no. 1 (1993): 93–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.1993.0000.

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9

Bai, Liping. "Re-envisioning Manchu and Qing History." Archiv orientální 85, no. 2 (September 18, 2017): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.85.2.317-328.

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10

Rawski, Evelyn S. "Presidential Address: Reenvisioning the Qing: The Significance of the Qing Period in Chinese History." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 4 (November 1996): 829–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2646525.

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Thirty years ago, Association for Asian Studies President Ho Ping-ti summarized the state of Qing studies in his address, “The Significance of the Ch'ing Period in Chinese History” (Ho 1967). Since that time, there have been major shifts in scholarly perceptions of the nature and significance of Qing rule that bear directly on contemporary issues of nationalism and ethnicity. I will survey the recent secondary literature, compare current formulations of Qing history with those enunciated by Professor Ho, and appraise their implications for our understanding of China.

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11

Zhiting, Li. "“New Qing History”: An Example of “New Imperialist” History." Contemporary Chinese Thought 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1215096.

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12

Mao, Liping, and Zhao Ma. "“Writing History in the Digital Age”: The New Qing History Project and the Digitization of Qing Archives." History Compass 10, no. 5 (May 2012): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2012.00841.x.

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13

Iliukhov, A. A. "<i>New Qing History</i> School: The Manchu Turn in American Historiography." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 10 (December 1, 2022): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-10-156-166.

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The article gives a detailed overview of modern trends in the American Manchu studies. Special attention is given to the New Qing History historiographic school, which during the 1980s and 1990s criticized the Sinicization theory on entirely new levels of theorizing during the 1980s and the 1990s. Despite existing differences in views, the experts share common approaches to the Qing studies: importance of the Manchu sources, comparison of the Qing dynasty with the other Early Modern empires of Eurasia, refusal to identify the Manchu regime with China and considering China only as one of the parts of the Empire, close attention to the identities issue in the Qing empire. This article analyzes the ideas of such prominent American experts in Manchu studies as Pamela Kyle Crossley and Mark C. Elliott, as well as some concepts of their teachers and predecessors. The central position of the New Qing History school is a statement of the importance of the Manchu factor in the functioning of the Qing state. The article also gives the critical response of supporters of the Sinicization theory to the theses prevailing among the American scholars. They express doubts about the dichotomy claimed by the New Qing History scholars between Manchu and Chinese identities. In their opinion, the process of sinicization includes not only Chinese but also other minor forms of identities, so the Manchus could preserve their own identity but still think of themselves as part of the Chinese civilization. Such criticism undoubtedly has common points with the modern Chinese political concept of the «Chinese family of the united nations». The author believes both approaches should be taken into consideration when researching Manchu and Chinese sources as part of the Qing studies.

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14

Chen, Yu. "A Comparative Study of the "Late Qing History" Text System in Chinese and American High School History Textbooks." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (October 18, 2022): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2412.

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As the most important vehicle of knowledge in history teaching, the history textbook is the basis and prerequisite for successful history education. As the foundational structure in history textbooks, the text systematically presents a complete as well as comprehensive overview of the historical process, reflecting important events, people, and phenomena in the development of history. It defines the depth and breadth of the content of history instruction in order to safeguard the goal of teaching history as a nurturing and developing subject. In both countries, the history of the late Qing Dynasty has a relatively important place in high school history teaching, but the selection of knowledge points and the presentation of ideas in the content of the history of the late Qing Dynasty have their own distinctive characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to present the differences between the content of the two editions of "History of the Late Qing Dynasty" through a comparison of the content selection and presentation of historical events in the Chinese and American textbooks, and to touch upon the root causes behind the differences.

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15

Setzekorn, Eric. "Qing Dynasty Warfare and Military Authority: Discipline and the Ethnic Cleansing of 1860s Shaanxi." Journal of Chinese Military History 7, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341331.

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Abstract During the 1850s and 1860s, the Qing empire re-established political authority after a series of major rebellions that nearly toppled the dynasty. While the Taiping Rebellion was larger in scope, the campaign in Shaanxi is critical to understanding late Qing military history and the complex relationship between warfare, ethnicity, and demographic change in the late nineteenth century. The Qing reconquest of Shaanxi in 1863 resulted in the near elimination of the Muslim population in the province, which was not the intent of senior Imperial commanders, but a byproduct of Qing patterns of warfare and larger ethnic tensions in Shaanxi.

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16

Cai, Zong-qi. "A Study of Early Chinese Concepts of Qing 情 and a Dialogue with Western Emotion Studies." Prism 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 399–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-8690428.

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Abstract The term qing 情 (emotion) has lain at the core of Chinese thinking about literature from antiquity through modern times. It is of profound paradigmatic significance because each major reconceptualization of qing by literary writers and scholars almost invariably signifies and undergirds a new direction of literary production and reception. Mapping out qing's long and complex lexical-conceptual history over the millennia is crucial to the study of Chinese literary thought, premodern and modern alike. In undertaking such a historicized macro study, this article consistently grounds it in the microanalysis of influential and representative statements on qing made since antiquity. Through careful contextualization, it seeks to determine which particular meaning(s) of qing is most likely intended in each instance and if and how an author has reconceptualized the term to present a new understanding of literature. It also strives to assess the theoretical significance of all major qing reconceptualizations in the broader context of Chinese intellectual and literary history. Wherever appropriate, it draws insights from Western emotion studies to illuminate hitherto unrecognized theoretical significance of some major qing reconceptualizations.

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17

Chung, Yan Hon Michael. "The Introduction of European-Style Artillery and the Reform of Siege Tactics in 17th Century China—a Case Study of the Tragedy of Jiangyin (1645)." Journal of Chinese Military History 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-bja10001.

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Abstract While the importance of European-style artillery, also called “red-barbarian cannon” by the people of the time, to the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1683) is generally recognized, much less is known about the actual performance of the weapon on the battlefield. Such a dearth of knowledge hinders historians from evaluating the extent of its impact on the Manchu conquest of China. Hoping to fill this gap, this article examines the actual performance of red-barbarian cannon through reconstructing the siege of Jiangyin (1645). Close examination of this episode reveals that, although the Qing army possessed abundant European-style artillery, the absence of appropriate and effective artillery siege tactics greatly constrained the effectiveness of these weapons in siege warfare. Hence, the importance of artillery in the early stage of the Ming-Qing transition (1618-1645) is likely to have been minimal. However, the siege of Jiangyin witnessed a reform of siege tactics in the Qing artillery corps. These newly devised siege tactics enabled the Qing army to capture the city with efficiency by fully utilizing the red-barbarian cannon. The reform greatly enhanced the siege ability of the Qing forces and paved the way for the Qing conquest of China.

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18

Perdue, Peter C. "Empire and Nation in Comparative Perspective: Frontier Administration in Eighteenth-Century China." Journal of Early Modern History 5, no. 4 (2001): 282–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006501x00122.

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AbstractR. Bin Wong espouses the principle of symmetry in comparative analysis.35 If we are to view China through European eyes, we should equally view Europe through Chinese eyes. This leads him to develop new perspectives on both regions. What is a major focus of attention in one society may only be a minor key in another. Even though the repertory of human perceptions, administrative structures, or economic modes of production is finite, different forms take prominence in different places. What happens if we apply, even crudely, the principle of symmetry to the Qing-Ottoman comparison? An Ottoman administrator looking at the Qing would find much that was strangely familiar. The Mongolian jasak confirmed lands by the Qing look very much like yurts, "summer and winter pasturelands the limits of which were determined and were entered in the imperial registers. "36 The "feudatories" of the early Qing [sanfan] were large-scale timars. Both were grants of large territories to provincial military rulers in return for service to the state. And coerced population movements [sürgün] were prominent features of the Ottoman and Qing states.37 Both of these states, during times of expansion and conquest, chose analogous methods of controlling the newly incorporated populations. For administering conquered nomads, it was convenient to

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19

Park, Nancy, and William C. Jones. "The Great Qing Code." American Journal of Legal History 39, no. 4 (October 1995): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845510.

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20

Wu, Guo. "New Qing History: Dispute, Dialog, and Influence." Chinese Historical Review 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2016.1168180.

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21

Porter, Jonathan. "A Concise History of the Qing Dynasty." Chinese Historical Review 23, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2016.1223956.

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22

Yoon, Wook. "The New Qing History and it's Prospects." History & the World 47 (June 30, 2015): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.17857/hw.2015.06.47.329.

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23

Liu, Lihong. "Ethnography and Empire through an Envoy’s Eye: The Manchu Official Akedun’s (1685-1756) Diplomatic Journeys to Chosǒn Korea." Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342491.

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Akedun’s 1725 album Fengshi tu [Diplomatic Paintings] is an extraordinary example of the diplomatic painting genre popular during the High Qing era (1661-1796) that represents imperial delegations through the commissioners’ eye-witness experiences. Created after his four journeys to Chosǒn Korea, this album constructs a narrative in which Akedun carries out the role of an imperial ambassador while it captures ethnographic details of the lived places, curious customs, and courteous peoples of Korea. By rendering an imperial image of the Manchu Qing court, the album commemorates the amelioration of the Qing-Chosǒn relations after they had fraught confrontations during the Manchu’s post-conquest period. I argue that the Manchu ambassador Akedun keenly established his persona as an orthodox Confucian scholar in order to justify his position as a civil court-official whose missions were to negotiate for a mutual respect between the two regimes in the process of reaffirming an overarching Qing imperial order.

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24

Xu, Sufeng. "Domesticating Romantic Love during the High Qing Classical Revival." Nan Nü 15, no. 2 (2013): 219–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-0152p0002.

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This study examines the Heming ji (Collection of singing in harmony), which comprises the sometimes surprisingly intimate poetic exchanges between the woman intellectual Wang Zhaoyuan (1763-1851) and her husband Hao Yixing (1757-1829), both renowned in their lifetimes as classical “evidential research” (kaozheng) scholars. The paper seeks to demonstrate the transformation of the cult of qing (romantic love) in the High Qing period. It argues that, as the centrality of courtesans in literati culture died out with the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, gentry women came to represent the positive cultural values of qing through the increasingly fashionable idea and practice of companionate marriage. In this process, the cult of qing that characterized the subversive late Ming literati culture, of which courtesan culture was an important part, was not obliterated by the High Qing classical revival as is often assumed; rather, it was domesticated, ritualized, transformed into conjugal love, and arguably, integrated into the High Qing “familistic moralism.” The paper also explores how the concept of qing, in the narrow sense of love between man and woman, was expanded into this couple’s shared passion and ambition to serve the state and empire.

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25

Schlesinger, Jonathan. "Rethinking Qing Manchuria's Prohibition Policies." Journal of Chinese History 5, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2020.52.

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AbstractHistorians hold that to preserve the Manchu homeland the Qing court instituted a “policy of prohibition” (Ch: fengjin zhengce), forbidding Han immigrants from settling in the region until the final decades of its rule. Using Manchu-language archives from the garrison of Hunčun (Ch: Hunchun), this article questions whether such a prohibition guided local governance. In some jurisdictions in Manchuria, including in Hunčun, the Qing state did not always have an overarching policy towards Han migrants. Migration, in fact, was often less of a concern to the state than poaching. We can reassess the history of Manchuria accordingly. Modern historians have been preoccupied with the coming of Han migrants to Qing Manchuria; the Qing government in Hunčun was not.

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26

Setzekorn, Eric. "Chinese Military History and the Qing Dynasty, 1644–1911: New Perspectives on a Dynamic Empire." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 36, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03601005.

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Over the past twenty years, historical research has re-evaluated Chinese historical use of military power and political control. From 1644 to 1911, the Qing Empire was unquestionably a successful state, ruling a massive area extending from the Sea of Japan to Central Asia and the borders of India. Recent scholarship has focused on the explicitly “imperial” nature of the Qing Empire and the conflicted territorial and ethnic legacies of this last Chinese dynasty. In addition, historians have reevaluated the role of the Qing ruling military elite, drawn from the Manchu people, with tenuous cultural connections to their ethnically Han subjects, in an attempts to clarify patterns of “Chinese” imperialism and determine if the Manchu goals and practices are part of a broader Chinese military tradition. Despite the challenges of understanding the complex nature of the Qing Empire, the undeniable skill in military conquest redrew territorial boundaries, re-located ethnic groups and developed patterns of military and political power that continue to resonate throughout Asia.

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27

Nagamine, Hiroyuki. "On the Mutual Relations between the Kazakh Khanates and the Qing and Russian Empires. Book Review: Noda J., Onuma T. A Collection of Documents from the Kazakh Sultans to the Qing Dynasty." Golden Horde Review 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-1.210-223.

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This study, titled A Collection of Documents from the Kazakh Sultans to the Qing Dynasty, deals with 16 documents addressed from Kazakh sultans to the Qing Dynasty (and the Russian Empire/Governor-General of Siberia). These were written in the Oyirad (Mongol) language with Tod script or in the Turkic language with Arabic script from the eighteenth to nineteenth century, and come complete with text, transcription, and translation. In addition, this study includes two essays written by the authors who made use of these documents. The majority of Qing documents are preserved in a collection of the First Historical Archives (第一歴史襠案館) in Beijing. Many of these documents related to the Kazakhs have started to be published as The Collection of the Archival Documents Concerning Sino-Kazakh Relations at the Time of the Qing Dynasty (清代中哈関係襠案彙編) and so on, and to be used for historical research. Of the documents dealt with in this study, 14 are from the Manchu Language Reference Copy of Grand Council Palace Memorial (軍機処満文副奏摺) of the First Historical Archives, one is from Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan, and one is from Vneshnyaya politika Rossii XIX i nachala XX veka (Moskva: Izd-vo Nauka, t. 11–12, 1979–1980). However, most of these documents are not included in the published collection mentioned above. Therefore, this study, together with the above-mentioned collection, represents another major step in the study of these documentss. In addition, by utilizing these documents, Takahiro Onuma clarifies that the international world order between the Qing dynasty and Kazakh nomads in Central Asia was not based on the “suzerain-dependency (Ch. zong-fan 宗藩) relationship”, which was heavily influenced by Confucianism, but rather, on the “master-slave (Mon. ejen-albatu) relationship”, which originated in Mongol nomadic society. Jin Noda, who also utilized these documents, states that the title of Kazakh sultans, which has been regarded as a product of the Qing benefit policy, was in fact a result of both the Kazakh sultans and Qing requiring the ‘title-bestowal system’ in the process of the establishment of relations. This system was gradually becoming a mere formality, partly because of the influence of Russia. These findings suggest that the Kazakh khanates were independently developing a “bilateral diplomatic policy” while mediating between the Qing and Russian empires, and they highlight the policy differences of both empires toward the Kazakh khanates. We hope that the findings from this study will further advance the study of the history of the mutual relations between the Kazakh khanates and the Qing and Russian empires.

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28

김선민. "The Manchu Empire or The Qing Empire? - A Critical Review on ‘New Qing History’ -." SA-CHONG(sa) ll, no. 74 (September 2011): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.16957/sa..74.201109.93.

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29

Elkins, James. "The endgame, and the Qing eclipse1." Journal of Contemporary Painting 6, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2020): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcp_00012_7.

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Presented as an archival text for the Journal of Contemporary Painting, James Elkins’ ‘The endgame, and the Qing eclipse’ is an abridged version of the the final chapter of a book-length study, Chinese Landscape Painting as Western Art History (Hong Kong University Press, 2010). Elkins demonstrates the unusual structure of the history of Chinese painting, whereby the Ming decline and Qing eclipse have no real parallels in the West. Yet, as a counter-hypothesis, he argues that Late Ming and Qing artists appear to art history as a form of postmodernism. In itself, this represents a nuanced reading of the temporalities of modern and postmodern periods (which challenges comparative approaches and indeed the fundamental structures of western art history). Crucially, the account provides ways of thinking about how Chinese landscape painting is viewed through the lens of art history, a discipline that Elkins claims is partly, but finally and decisively, western.

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30

Sela, Ori. "“To Feel at Home in the Wonderful World of Modern Science”: New Chinese Historiography and Qing Intellectual History." Science in Context 30, no. 3 (September 2017): 325–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889717000199.

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ArgumentIn recent decades a large body of scholarship on the first half of twentieth-century China has successfully shown the ways in which history and historiography had been constructed at the time, as well as the links between history, national identity, education, and politics that was forged during this period. In this paper, I examine Qing intellectual history, in particular that of the mid or “High Qing.” I discuss the development of the historiography of this field in the early twentieth century by drawing on the larger developments in historiography; by demonstrating how these developments had shaped Qing intellectual history for later times; by focusing on the historical actors’ sense of the importance of “science,” being “scientific,” and “modernization”; and, by unraveling the intimate connections to older historiographical narratives going back all the way to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

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31

Dean, Austin. "A Coin for China? The Monetary Standards Debate at the End of the Qing Dynasty, 1900–1912." Modern China 44, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 591–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418766886.

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This article examines debates about monetary standards in the final years of the Qing dynasty. As silver depreciated on the world market, Qing statesmen discussed whether to adopt the gold-exchange standard or to stay on the silver standard. These debates took place on a conceptual and practical level: Should and could the Qing dynasty adopt the gold-exchange standard and what were the economic, political, and symbolic implications of doing so? The article contributes to the history of the late Qing dynasty by focusing on the monetary thought of figures more famous for their other roles: Zhang Zhidong, Liang Qichao, and Kang Youwei. It shows how the monetary standards debate had complex links to international finance, conceptions of sovereignty, central-provincial relations, and public finance. The article concludes by demonstrating how these debates continued in the next decades, becoming a central issue in modern Chinese history.

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32

Kim, Kwangmin. "Profit and Protection: Emin Khwaja and the Qing Conquest of Central Asia, 1759–1777." Journal of Asian Studies 71, no. 3 (August 2012): 603–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812000654.

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This article provides a Muslim perspective on the eighteenth-century Qing conquest of Xinjiang. It explores the career of Emin Khwaja, a leader of the Muslim community of Turfan and the most prominent Muslim ally in the Qing conquest. I investigate how the notion of “protection” (ḥimāyatin Arabic), a key concept in the Central Asian Muslim understanding of religious and political patronage, informed Emin's decision to ally himself with the Qing. I argue that Emin understood his alliance with the “infidel” Manchu not as a collaboration in betrayal of Islam but as a positive policy to achieve security and prosperity of the Muslim community in the changing political and commercial environment of eighteenth-century Eurasia. Emin was able to build a local coalition of Muslim commercial interests for the support of the Qing, while promoting his standing within the regional political hierarchy of Muslim Central Asia.

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33

Wong (汪榮祖), Young-tsu. "Zhong Han’s Critique of the New Qing History." Journal of Chinese Humanities 7, no. 1-2 (December 9, 2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340114.

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34

Xue, Ruilu, and Ernst Schwintzer. "Review of Research on Qing History in 1984." Late Imperial China 6, no. 2 (1985): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.1985.0012.

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35

Cams, Mario. "Recent Additions to the New Qing History Debate." Contemporary Chinese Thought 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971467.2016.1215094.

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36

Lee Jung-chul. "Coincidences in history : Daedongbeop and Chosun-Qing Relation." Korean Cultural Studies ll, no. 75 (May 2017): 329–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17948/kcs.2017..75.329.

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37

McMahon, Keith. "SUBLIME LOVE AND THE ETHICS OF EQUALITY IN A HOMOEROTIC NOVEL OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: PRECIOUS MIRROR OF BOY ACTRESSES." NAN NÜ 4, no. 1 (2002): 70–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852602100402332.

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AbstractPrecious Mirror of Boy Actresses is the most serious piece of fiction about male love since the late Ming and the lengthiest of all in Chinese literary history. It is remarkable in its extension of the egalitarian implications of the qing aesthetic that it inherits from the late Ming and from earlier Qing literature such as Dream of the Red Chamber. In the homoerotic relationship it idealizes, lovers who are rigidly separated in terms of status nevertheless experience a sublime love which necessarily results in the liberation of the man of lower status. The novel makes unique use of the qing aesthetic's idealization of the feminine to arrive at this ethically pragmatic conclusion whereby liberation is achieved. The foregrounding of this sublime love and the qing-perfected characters who embody it, moreover, link the novel with other works of the period which portray a China that is ultimately a stable and invulnerable entity. Thus Precious Mirror's interpretation of qing carries a historical significance in spite of the novel's obliviousness of the social and political turmoil of China in the mid-nineteenth century.

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38

Takao, Ishibashi. "Ming-Qing Studies in Japan: 1984." Chinese Studies in History 22, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-463322010229.

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39

Tsuyoshi, Katayama. "Ming-Qing Studies in Japan: 1983." Chinese Studies in History 22, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-46332201025.

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Akifumi, Norimatsu. "Ming-Qing Studies in Japan: 1985." Chinese Studies in History 22, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-463322010256.

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Fumitoshi, Sato. "Ming-Qing Studies in Japan: 1986." Chinese Studies in History 22, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-463322010279.

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Tang, Kwok-leong. "Reporting to the Sage: Military Monuments in the Imperial Academy in Qing China." Journal of Chinese Military History 7, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341322.

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AbstractThis article presents a study of a unique kind of commemorative stele erected by Qing emperors in the Imperial Academy—the symbol of Confucian culture and civilian education—and also replicated in schools across China. Before the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Chinese rulers did not install military monuments at the academy. In this article, I argue that the Qing emperors erected war monuments in the Imperial Academy to justify and commemorate their wars of conquest. As the emperors required the stelae to be replicated at some of the local schools across China, they became widely accessible to the public. However, the Qing emperors, particularly the Qianlong emperor, were concerned that the stelae could become symbols of abusive warfare, thereby undermining their claims to rule in accordance with Confucian ideals. For this reason, they carefully selected the campaigns to commemorate and ensured that inscriptions on the stelae explained that they had no choice but to embark on war in these instances.

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Deng, Jie, and Tee Boon Chuan. "Practical Thinking of Neo-Confucianism in Qing Dynasty from the Scope of Practice Based on Deep Learning." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8284696.

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As the mainstream of Confucianism, the Song and Ming philosophies played an irreplaceable role in the 800 years of history from the Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. The theoreticians were concerned with the principles of heaven, nature, and physics and especially with the principles of human nature, which changed in the Qing Dynasty to a practice-oriented way of thinking. However, the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism is difficult to apply to practice because of the obscure text and the limitations of the time period, so it is worth further discussing how to deconstruct and promote the learning of Qing dynasty practical thinking under the new technology. This paper systematically reviews the ideological origins and political practices of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism and proposes a knowledge-tracking model around deep learning technology, which not only provides a contemporary technological tool for deconstructing the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism but also provides an application path for the integration of technology and knowledge.

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liang, linxia. "rejection or acceptance: finding reasons for the late qing magistrate's comments on land and debt petitions." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68, no. 2 (June 2005): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x05000133.

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many scholars accept that the magistrate under the qing (1644–1911) dealt with land and debt disputes with great discretion. through the investigation of first-hand court records of magistrates' reasons for accepting or rejecting land and debt petitions, this article demonstrates for the first time that the assumption and myth that the magistrate either returned petitions to mediators for settlement or dealt with them in a solomonic fashion does not hold water. the magistrate rejected or accepted petitions on the merits of individual cases in accordance with qing law. it shows that litigation on private matters in the qing was rationally administered even at this stage.

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Lu, Weijing. "Uxorilocal Marriage among Qing Literati." Late Imperial China 19, no. 2 (1998): 64–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.1998.0007.

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Zhang, Jiayi. "REMERGING AS A GLOBAL POWER? RETHINKING “NEW QING HISTORY” FROM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN “QING” AND “CHINA”." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 03, no. 02 (2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ajmrr.2022.3203.

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이영섭 and NAMIL AN. "The Intellectual History of the Qing Dynasty through Qing Loyalist - A Study on Luo Zhenyu’s Benchaoxueshuyuanliugailüe." Journal of Foreign Studies ll, no. 40 (June 2017): 143–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15755/jfs.2017..40.143.

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張歡歡, 張歡歡. "王夫之「詩史」說析辨." 中正漢學研究 35, no. 35 (June 2020): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/2306036020200600350005.

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<p>「詩史」說自唐代孟棨提出，繁衍出「敘事」、「實錄」、「忠君愛國」等內涵，多在肯定層面論說。至明清之際，王夫之的觀點頗為特出，他對「詩史」諸多內涵均加以批評，更在整體上否定此說。對抗史對詩的陵越，是船山在處理詩史關係時的根本主張，其言「詩道性情」，認為「史」不能代「詩」而言「性之情」。根本而言，王夫之出於人心危淺的儒者意識，賦予詩體以獨特意義，期望藉詩之力量導情復性，於詩之審美中尋求道德之潛力，這是他的詩歌理想；而「詩史」對此僅有破壞，而無建構，故其深惡此說。本文將分析王夫之對「詩史」部分內涵的批評，論述他於明清之際推崇「詩史」之歷史語境下的嚴峻批判態度由來，並闡述他所堅持的「詩」之獨特意義。</p> <p> </p><p>Since Meng Qi from the Tang Dynasty proposed the concept of "Shishi" (Poetry-History), multiple interpretations, most of them were on an affirmative level, had been created, such as "narrate", "record as the author has witnessed ", " loyal and patriotic " etc. By the time of late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692) ’s viewpoint stood out by criticized not only part of the interpretations but the whole concept of "Shishi". When dealing with the relation between "history" and "poetry", Wang Fuzhi’s fundamental proposition was to defy history’s violation of poetic form. Wang Fuzhi stressed that poetry should express "Xing" (human nature) and "Qing" (feelings). The history’s violation of poetic form would undermine the expression of Qing and therefore weaken the power of it, which could enhance the cultivation of people and help brace up the national power. Once the history was emphasized egregiously in poetic form, the essence of poetry would be vandalized. Essentially, Wang Fuzhi endowed the poetic form of a unique meaning due to his consciousness of Confucianism. He hoped that the power of poetry would guide Qing to Xing. This was his poetic ideal to seek moral potential in the aesthetics of poetry. Therefore, he rebelled at the concept of "Shishi" which impeded destructively. This paper analyzes Wang Fuzhi’s criticism of "Shishi", discusses the reason for his unique critical attitude amid the atmosphere of this concept during the late Ming and early Qing and explains his interpretations of poetry.</p> <p> </p>

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Wang, Hsien-Chun. "MERCHANTS, MANDARINS, AND THE RAILWAY: INSTITUTIONAL FAILURE AND THE WUSONG RAILWAY, 1874–1877." International Journal of Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (January 2015): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591414000205.

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This article is an institutional study on the history of the ill-fated Wusong Railway, China's first operational railway. The nine-mile light railway was built by the British firm Jardine, Matheson & Co. without the Qing government's permission. After negotiations with British diplomats, the Qing government agreed to purchase the line but the reformist governor-general Shen Baozhen later ordered it to be removed to Taiwan. Unfortunately funds were never provided for the rebuilding work. This article argues that it was the Qing government's failure to raise funds for capital-intensive projects that led to the railway's final destruction.

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Cui, Qingtian. "Researching the History of Chinese Logic." Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.2.105-120.

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During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the progressive intellectuals, who were confronted with the all-embracing crisis of Chinese society, yearned to find the new truth within the Western ideas on the one hand, and the works of the classical Chinese philosophy of the pre-Qin era on the other. These social and historical circumstances started the research into the history of Chinese logic. In the process of these investigations, it soon became clear that more appropriate methodologies were needed to explore Chinese logic, as those used for researching Western logic were not suitable for the task. The revival and modernization of such methods took place in the latter half of the 20th century, and one of the most important figures in these processes was Professor Wen Gongyi, who was hence one of the pioneers of modern research into the history of Chinese logic. Therefore, the present article also offers a short presentation of his biography and his contributions to the development of the research into traditional Chinese logic.

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