Journal articles: 'Qfly'

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Kean, J. M. "Modelling winter survival mating and trapping of Queensland fruit fly in Auckland New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5896.

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In February 2015 an established population of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly Bactrocera tryoni) was detected in Grey Lynn Auckland It was questionable whether Qfly might successfully overwinter in Auckland and how trap efficacy and mating behaviour would be affected by winter conditions During the official biosecurity response to eradicate Qfly these questions were addressed using published Qfly models that had been developed and parameterised from biological data from its native range A model for cold acclimatisation suggested that Auckland winters would not be sufficiently cold to cause significant mortality of adult Qfly but substantial cold mortality might occur in more southern locations The temperature requirement for mating suggested mating would be relatively rare from June to October and two models for relative trap efficacy suggested that traps would be relatively ineffective until late spring (OctoberNovember) The Ministry for Primary Industrys biosecurity response was successful with no detection of Qfly after March 2015 and eradication formally declared in December 2015

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Majumder, Rajib, Phillip W. Taylor, and Toni A. Chapman. "Dynamics of the Queensland Fruit Fly Microbiome through the Transition from Nature to an Established Laboratory Colony." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020291.

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The transition from nature to laboratory or mass rearing can impose significant physiological and evolutionary impact on insects. The Queensland fruit fly (also known as ‘Qfly’), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious economic pest that presents major challenges for horticulture industries in Australia. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is being developed to manage outbreaks in regions that remain free of Qfly and to suppress populations in regions where this species is endemic. The biology of Qfly is intimately connected to its microbiome. Therefore, changes in the microbiome that occur through domestication have implications for SIT. There are numerous studies of the microbiome in Qfly larvae and adults, but there is little information on how the microbiome changes as Qfly laboratory colonies are established. In this study, high-throughput Illumina sequencing was used to assess the Qfly microbiome in colonies reared from wild larvae, collected from fruit, for five generations, on a gel-based larval diet. Beta diversity analysis showed that the bacterial communities from Generation 5 (G5) clustered separately from earlier generations. At the genus level, bacterial communities were significantly different between the generations and mostly altered at G5. However, communities were found similar at phyla to family taxonomic levels. We observed high abundance of Morganella and Burkholderia at the genus level in the larval and pupal stages respectively at G5, but these were not detected in earlier generations. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the domestication process strongly affects the Qfly microbiome and prompts questions about the functional relationship between the Qfly and its microbiome, as well as implications for the performance of insects that have been domesticated and mass-reared for SIT programs.

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Maelzer, DA. "Fruit-Fly Outbreaks in Adelaide, Sa From 1948-49 to 1985-86 .2. The Phenology of Both Pestilent Species." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 5 (1990): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900555.

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The pattern of occurrences of larvae and of trapped flies within outbreaks is different for Qfly, Dacus tryoni, and Medfly, Ceratitis capitata. For Qfly outbreaks, most flies are trapped before the first larva is found. In Medfly outbreaks, most if not all flies are usually trapped after the first larva is found. The difference is probably due to the higher efficiency of the Qfly trap. The phenology of each of the two species in Adelaide is similar to that in the areas where each is endemic, with peaks of fly catches and occurrences of larvae which mostly represent generations. For Qfly, the peaks of fly catches mostly correspond to those around Sydney, but there is no obvious spring (September-October) peak in Adelaide, possibly because of the very small total number of flies caught. For Medfly the peaks of fly catches are similar to those in Perth, except that only six flies have been caught between September and November. Medfly apparently has more generations per season in Adelaide than does Qfly, but the overall rate of increase of each species per season may be similar. Interceptions of infested fruit at road blocks suggest that there could be a single peak of

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Majumder, Rajib, Brodie Sutcliffe, Phillip W. Taylor, and Toni A. Chapman. "Microbiome of the Queensland Fruit Fly through Metamorphosis." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060795.

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Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Queensland fruit fly, or “Qfly”) is a highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly and a serious economic pest in Australia. Qfly biology is intimately linked to the bacteria and fungi of its microbiome. While there are numerous studies of the microbiome in larvae and adults, the transition of the microbiome through the pupal stage remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to examine microbial communities at each developmental stage in the Qfly life cycle, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions. We found that microbial communities were similar at the larval and pupal stage and were also similar between adult males and females, yet there were marked differences between the larval and adult stages. Specific bacterial and fungal taxa are present in the larvae and adults (fed hydrolyzed yeast with sugar) which is likely related to differences in nutritional biology of these life stages. We observed a significant abundance of the Acetobacteraceae at the family level, both in the larval and pupal stages. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae was highly abundant (>80%) only in the adults. The majority of fungal taxa present in Qfly were yeasts or yeast-like fungi. In addition to elucidating changes in the microbiome through developmental stages, this study characterizes the Qfly microbiome present at the establishment of laboratory colonies as they enter the domestication process.

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Dominiak, B. C., L. J. McLeod, R. Landon, and H. I. Nicol. "Development of a low-cost pupal release strategy for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) with Queensland fruit fly and assessment of climatic constraints for SIT in rural New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 7 (2000): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99166.

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Sterile pupae of Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) were released to suppress wild Qfly populations at 3 sites in New South Wales and to assess a pupal release strategy using the bed technique. Sterile pupae were released from September 1997 to June 1998 from sand and vermiculite beds. A total of 24.6 million pupae were released with a male recapture rate of 0.101% (not corrected for adult emergence rate). Adult emergence rates were 25% at Tullibigeal; 39% at Ungarie and 46, 41, 71 and 54% respectively at 4 locations at Lake Cargelligo (mean 46%). Corrected recapture rates using cue-lure traps were 0.88% at Tullibigeal, 0.08% at Ungarie and 0.15% at Lake Cargelligo (mean 0.21%). When wild fly populations increased at Lake Cargelligo, a bait spraying program was used which substaintially reduced the catches of both sterile and wild flies in traps. Analyses using the CLIMEX model showed that the climate at Lake Cargelligo town (with irrigation) was suitable for fruit flies. CLIMEX indicated that the unmodified rural environment was unsuitable for fruit fly survival due to a summer moisture deficit. The Meats daily survival rate decrement of 58–72% was similar to that found for some similar studies in Australia but lower than for certain other release programs. No significant bird or ant predation was observed.

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Castro-Vargas, Cynthia, Gunjan Pandey, Heng Lin Yeap, Michael J. Lacey, Siu Fai Lee, Soo J. Park, Phillip W. Taylor, and John G. Oakeshott. "Diversity and sex differences in rectal gland volatiles of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 24, 2022): e0273210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273210.

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Rectal gland volatiles are key mediators of sexual interactions in tephritid fruit flies. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) plus gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to substantially expand rectal gland chemical characterisation of the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae); Qfly). The SPME GC-MS analysis identified 24 of the 30 compounds previously recorded from Qfly rectal glands, plus another 21 compounds that had not previously been reported. A few amides and fatty acid esters dominated the chromatograms of males and females respectively, but we also found other esters, alcohols and aldehydes and a ketone. The GC-FID analyses also revealed over 150 others, as yet unidentified, volatiles, generally in lesser amounts. The GC-FID analyses also showed 49 and 12 compounds were male- and female-specific, respectively, both in single sex (virgin) and mixed sex (mostly mated) groups. Another ten compounds were male-specific among virgins but undetected in mixed sex groups, and 29 were undetected in virgins but male-specific in mixed sex groups. The corresponding figures for females were four and zero, respectively. Most short retention time peaks (including a ketone and an ester) were male-specific, whereas most female-biased peaks (including five fatty acid esters) had long retention times. Our results indicate previously unsuspected diversity of rectal gland volatiles that might have pheromone functions in males, but far fewer in females.

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Meats, A. W., A. D. Clift, and M. K. Robson. "Incipient founder populations of Mediterranean and Queensland fruitflies in Australia: the relation of trap catch to infestation radius andmodels for quarantine radius." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02070.

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We examined data from 75 infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) and 286 of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) that have occurred in quarantined and normally fly-free zones in Australia from 1974 to 2000. The radius of occurrence of both adult male flies and infested fruit was almost always less than 1 km. The rare cases where there was an isolated occurrence beyond 1 km of an epicentre were most likely due to (and can be treated as) separate introductions. Our analysis shows that effective quarantine radii for suspension of fly-free status should be related to the number of flies trapped around the epicentre and the density of the trap array (if the appropriate code of practice is applied). Most detections of fruit flies involve the trapping of very few flies and 18% of Medfly infestations and 71% of Qfly infestations that are detected are not classified as outbreaks and are left to die out without any treatment. For each species, we have used 3 alternative methods to calculate confidence limits for infestation radii. The upper limits could also serve as quarantine radii. These limits increase with the rate of trapping of male flies and have a theoretical probability of 3/100 000 (i.e. probit 9) of being exceeded. The quarantine radii for most declared outbreaks, when calculated with any of our methods, would be small because the number of flies detected is usually only just above the threshold for such a declaration. If our methods were used for beneficial species or for re-introductions of endangered species, the lower confidence limits could be used to calculate the size of inoculum required for a high probability of initial establishment.

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Lee, Juho, Hyeonwoo Yeo, and Yong-Hoon Kim. "Quasi-Fermi level splitting in nanoscale junctions from ab initio." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (April 23, 2020): 10142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921273117.

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The splitting of quasi-Fermi levels (QFLs) represents a key concept utilized to describe finite-bias operations of semiconductor devices, but its atomic-scale characterization remains a significant challenge. Herein, the nonequilibrium QFL or electrochemical potential profiles within single-molecule junctions obtained from the first-principles multispace constrained-search density-functional formalism are presented. Benchmarking the standard nonequilibrium Green’s function calculation results, it is first established that algorithmically the notion of separate electrode-originated nonlocal QFLs should be maintained within the channel region during self-consistent finite-bias electronic structure calculations. For the insulating hexandithiolate junction, the QFL profiles exhibit discontinuities at the left and right electrode interfaces and across the molecule the accompanying electrostatic potential drops linearly and Landauer residual-resistivity dipoles are uniformly distributed. For the conducting hexatrienedithiolate junction, on the other hand, the electrode QFLs penetrate into the channel region and produce split QFLs. With the highest occupied molecular orbital entering the bias window and becoming a good transport channel, the split QFLs are accompanied by the nonlinear electrostatic potential drop and asymmetric Landauer residual-resistivity dipole formation. Our findings underscore the importance of the first-principles extraction of QFLs in nanoscale junctions and point to a future direction for the computational design of next-generation semiconductor devices.

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Bux, Lal, Dalu Li, Muhammad Faheem, Nour Ali, Muzafar Hussain Sirohi, Mehtab Ali, Ali Nawaz Kumbhar, et al. "Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010028.

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The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

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Usman, Mustofa, M. Komarudin, Munti Sarida, Wamiliana Wamiliana, Edwin Russel, Mahatma Kufepaksi, Iskandar Ali Alam, and Faiz A.M. Elfaki. "Analysis of Some Variable Energy Companies by Using VAR(p)-GARCH(r,s) Model : Study From Energy Companies of Qatar over the Years 2015–2022." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13333.

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In this study, the nature of the weekly stock price relationships of several Qatar energy companies, namely the weekly stock price of Qatar Fuel Company (QFLS), Qatar Gas Transport Company (QGTS), and Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC), will be discussed. The duration of data weekly stock price is from January 2015 to April 2022. This study aimed to obtain the best model for the weekly stock price relationship of the three companies QFLS, QGTS, and QEWC. The multivariate time series analysis method will be used to evaluate the data. From the analysis using multivariate time series modeling, the best model is VAR(3)-GARCH)(1,1). Based on this best model, further analysis is carried out, namely Granger causality, impulse response function (IRF), and forecasting for the next 12 periods. The Granger causality test found that the QFLS has Granger causality on the QGTS (unidirectional), while the QGTS and QEWC variables have bidirectional Granger causality. The IRF analysis indicated that if there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in QFLS, then QFLS and QEWC will fluctuate for the first six weeks and move toward equilibrium from the seventh week onwards, while the impact on QGTS can be ignored. Suppose there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in the QGTS. In that case, the QFLS and QEWC will respond by fluctuating for the first six weeks, and at the seventh week and move toward equilibrium, while the impact on QGTS can be ignored; and if there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in QEWC, then QFLS and QEWC will respond negatively and fluctuating for the first six weeks, and at the seventh week toward equilibrium, while the impact on QGTS is negligible. Forecasting for the next 12 periods shows that the farther the forecasting period, the larger the standard error. This indicates that the ffarther the period is, the more unstable it is.

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Hegen, Harald, Janette Walde, Dejan Milosavljevic, Fahmy Aboulenein-Djamshidian, Makbule Senel, Hayrettin Tumani, Florian Deisenhammer, and Stefan Presslauer. "Free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of different methods to determine intrathecal synthesis." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1574–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1300.

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Abstract Background Free light chains (FLC) have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, which method to use for determining an intrathecal FLC synthesis has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CSF FLC concentration, FLC quotient (QFLC), FLC index and FLC intrathecal fraction (FLCIF). Methods κ- and λ-FLC were measured by nephelometry under blinded conditions in CSF and serum sample pairs of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 60), multiple sclerosis (MS; n = 60) and other neurological diseases (n = 60) from four different MS centers. QFLC was calculated as the ratio of CSF/serum FLC concentration, the FLC index as QFLC/albumin quotient and the percentage FLCIF by comparing QFLC to a previously empirically determined, albumin quotient-dependent reference limit. Results CSF FLC concentration, QFLC, FLC index and FLCIF of both the κ- and λ-isotype were significantly higher in patients with CIS and MS than in the control group, as well as in oligoclonal bands (OCB) positive than in OCB negative patients. Each parameter was able to identify MS/CIS patients and OCB positivity, however, diagnostic performance determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses differed and revealed superiority of FLC index and FLCIF. Conclusions These findings support the diagnostic value of FLC measures that correct for serum FLC levels and albumin quotient, i.e. blood-CSF barrier function.

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Guan, Jian, and Nilabh Shastri. "Unusual distribution of a non-classical MHC I restricted CD8+ T population." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 140.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.140.5.

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Abstract The normal peptide repertoire presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface is essential for immune surveillance of intracellular pathogens. The generation of this peptide repertoire is critically dependent upon the ER aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP). Interestingly, ERAAP-deficient cells are recognized by a unique population of cytotoxic T cells, called QFL-T cells, that are specific for the ligand presented by the non-classical MHC molecule, Qa-1b. The QFL-T cells are similar to other non-classical MHC restricted NKT or MAIT cells in their αβ TCRs, but their physiological function(s) are unknown. To identify the potential function of QFL-T cells, we assessed the expression of the Qa-1b restricted ligand as well as the distribution of QFL-T cells in various tissues. We found the ERAAP-dependent Qa-1b restricted ligand as well as the QFL-T cells were highly expressed in the intestine. Remarkably, relative to wild-type mice, the overall number and frequency of QFL-T cells among the intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs) decreased significantly in the germ-free mice whereas the splenic QFL-T population remained unaffected. These findings suggest a role for gut-microbiota in the homing/maintenance of the QFL-T cells in the intestine.

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Park, Chansu, Jian Guan, Tom Ding, Federico Gonzalez, and Nilabh Shastri. "Self-reactive T cells restricted by non-classical MHC Ib are associated with metabolic disease." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 99.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.99.6.

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Abstract The normal peptide repertoire presented by classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules is regulated by ERAAP, the ER aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing. Loss of ERAAP’s peptide trimming function in cells causes dramatic changes in the peptide repertoire. The changes in the peptide repertoire enhance the immunogenicity of ERAAP-deficient cells and elicit potent immune responses in otherwise syngeneic wild-type mice. Normal ERAAP function is monitored by an unusual subset of semi-invariant CD8+ T cells that recognize the QFL ligand. The QFL ligand consists of a peptide encoded by the highly conserved FAM49a/b genes that is presented by Qa-1b, a non-classical MHC Ib molecule only on surface of ERAAP-deficient cells. We show that these QFL-specific CD8+ T cells (QFL-T cells) bear unique and semi-invariant αβ TCRs. Genetic manipulation of the expression of the self-QFL ligand and functional characteristics of QFL-T cells shows that in addition to monitoring ERAAP function, QFL-T cells may also regulate metabolic activity.

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Marjuki, Henju, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Katrina Sleeman, Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo, Tiffany G. Sheu, Lizheng Guo, Xiyan Xu, and Larisa V. Gubareva. "Bioluminescence-Based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay for Monitoring Influenza Virus Drug Susceptibility in Clinical Specimens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 11 (August 5, 2013): 5209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01086-13.

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ABSTRACTThe QFlu prototype bioluminescence-based neuraminidase (NA) inhibition (NI) assay kit was designed to detect NA inhibitor (NAI)-resistant influenza viruses at point of care. Here, we evaluated its suitability for drug susceptibility assessment at a surveillance laboratory. A comprehensive panel of reference viruses (n= 14) and a set of 90 seasonal influenza virus A and B isolates were included for testing with oseltamivir and/or zanamivir in the QFlu assay using the manufacturer-recommended protocol and a modified version attuned to surveillance requirements. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) generated were compared with those of NI assays currently used for monitoring influenza drug susceptibility, the fluorescent (FL) and chemiluminescent (CL) assays. To provide proof of principle, clinical specimens (n= 235) confirmed by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to contain influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and prescreened for the oseltamivir resistance marker H275Y using pyrosequencing were subsequently tested in the QFlu assay. All three NI assays were able to discriminate the reference NA variants and their matching wild-type viruses based on the difference in their IC50s. Unless the antigenic types were first identified, certain NA variants (e.g., H3N2 with E119V) could be detected among seasonal viruses using the FL assays only. Notably, the QFlu assay identified oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses carrying the H275Y marker directly in clinical specimens, which is not feasible with the other two phenotypic assays, which required prior virus culturing in cells. Furthermore, The QFlu assay allows detection of the influenza virus A and B isolates carrying established and potential NA inhibitor resistance markers and may become a useful tool for monitoring drug resistance in clinical specimens.

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Hong, Zongchao, Xueyun Duan, Songtao Wu, Yang Yanfang, and Hezhen Wu. "Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Reveals the Anti-COVID-19 Mechanism of Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan Granules." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 1934578X2093421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20934219.

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly infectious viral disease. Clinical observations have shown that Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan (QFDY) granules have good anti-COVID-19 effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of QFDY with regard to its anti-COVID-19 effect. We first screened the active chemical constituents of QFDY based on the pharmacodynamic activity parameters, followed by screening with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The Uniprot database was used for querying the corresponding genes of the target, and Cyoscape 3.6.1 software was used to construct the network of herb-compound-target. Protein interaction analysis, target gene function enrichment analysis, and signal pathway analysis were performed via STRING database, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and KEGG Pathway database. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding capacity of the core compound with COVID-19 hydrolase 3CL and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The results showed that a network of herb-compound-target was successfully constructed, with key targets involving PTGS2, HSP90AA1, CAMKK2, NCOA2, and ESR1. Major metabolic pathways affected were those in cancer, procancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and apoptosis. The core compounds, such as quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin, showed a strong binding ability with COVID-19 3CL hydrolase; compounds such as anemasaponin C and medicocarpin showed a strong binding ability with ACE2. Thus, it is predicted that QFDY has the characteristics for multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel overall control. The mechanism of action of QFDY in the treatment of COVID-19 may be associated with the regulation of genes co-expressed with ACE2, the regulation of inflammation and immune-related signaling pathways, and the influence of COVID-19 3CL hydrolase and ACE2 binding ability.

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Ngo, Fung Yin, Weiwei Wang, Qilei Chen, Jia Zhao, Hubiao Chen, Jin-Ming Gao, and Jianhui Rong. "Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Characterization of the Herbal Medicine Formulation Qi-Fu-Yin for the Inhibition of the Neuroinflammatory Biomarker iNOS in Microglial BV-2 Cells: Implication for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5780703.

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Aberrant microglial activation drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study is aimed at investigating whether the herbal formula Qi-Fu-Yin (QFY) could inhibit the inflammatory activation of cultured BV-2 microglia. A network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the active compounds of QFY, protein targets, and affected pathways. The representative pathways and molecular functions of the targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment. A total of 145 active compounds were selected from seven herbal ingredients of QFY. Targets (e.g., MAPT, APP, ACHE, iNOS, and COX-2) were predicted for the selected active compounds based on the relevance to AD and inflammation. As a validation, fractions were sequentially prepared by aqueous extraction, ethanolic precipitation, and HPLC separation, and assayed for downregulating two key proinflammatory biomarkers iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) challenged BV-2 cells by the Western blotting technique. Moreover, the compounds of QFY in 90% ethanol downregulated iNOS in BV-2 cells but showed no activity against COX-2 induction. Among the herbal ingredients of QFY, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma contributed to the selective inhibition of iNOS induction. Furthermore, chemical analysis identified ginsenosides, especially Rg3, as antineuroinflammatory compounds. The herbal formula QFY may ameliorate neuroinflammation via downregulating iNOS in microglia.

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CHEN, HUA, and DANIEL MATTIS. "BREAKDOWN OF LANDAU FERMI LIQUID IN 2D." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 10 (April 30, 1993): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993000692.

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We study the paramagnetic phase of the Hubbard model at low density in 2D. In addition to the Landau Fermi liquid phase at small U > 0, in which fk is discontinuous at kF, we find a novel "Quantum Fermi Liquid" (QFL) phase for [Formula: see text](≈ 17 ∊F) in which fk is continuous at kF but df/dk|F = −∞. The lifetime of QFL quasiparticles at kF is τ ∝ T−1 (rather than T−2). The phenomenological "Marginal Fermi Liquid" is identified as a special case of the QFL at [Formula: see text] precisely.

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Sträter, Hendrik, Rudolf Brüggemann, Sebastian Siol, Andreas Klein, Wolfram Jaegermann, and Gottfried H. Bauer. "Spectral Calibrated and Confocal Photoluminescence of Cu2S Thin-Film Absorber." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1003.

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ABSTRACTWe have studied Cu2S absorber layers prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) by calibrated spectral photoluminescence (PL) and by confocal PL as function of temperature T and excitation fluxes to obtain the absolute PL-yield at an excitation flux equivalent to the AM1.5 spectrum and to calculate the splitting of the quasi-Fermi levels (QFL) µ = Ef,n-Ef,p and the absorption coefficient α(E), both in the temperature range 20 K ≤ T ≤ 400 K. The PL-spectra reveal two peaks at E1 = 1.17 eV and E2 = 1.3 eV, of which the low energy peak is only detectable at temperatures T < 200 K. The samples show an impressive QFL-splitting of µ > 700 meV at 300 K associated with a pseudo band gap of Eg = 1.25 eV. The high energy peak shows an unexpected temperature behavior, namely an increase of the PL-yield with rising temperature at variance with the behavior of QFL-splitting that decreases with rising T from extrapolated T = 0K value of µ = 1.3 eV. The PL-yield versus temperature will be discussed in terms of different defect states in the band gap. Our observations indicate that, contrary to common believe, it is not the PL-yield, but rather the QFL-splitting that is the comprehensive indicator of the quality of the excited state in an illuminated semiconductor. A further examination of the lateral variation of the opto-electronic properties by confocal PL shows a strong correlation between the QFL-splitting, the Urbach energy EU and the optical band gap Eopt, respectively.

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Daemi, Sahar, Sherdil Khan, Chengcan Xiao, Hervin Errol Mendoza, and Frank E. Osterloh. "(Digital Presentation) Surface Photovoltage Provides Quasi Fermi Level Splitting and Minority Carrier Electrochemical Potential of BiVO4 /Liquid Junctions Under Illumination." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481836mtgabs.

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The solar energy conversion efficiency of semiconductor-liquid junctions is determined by their photovoltage and by their photocurrent under illumination. Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) gives information on the current, but not on the photovoltage or the quasi Fermi level splitting (qFLS), which for slow redox couples is obscured by kinetic overpotentials and surface states. Here we show that surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) provides direct measurement of the qFLS potential in BiVO4-electrolyte contacts. Measurements were done with a vibrating Kelvin probe on FTO deposited BiVO4 films in contact with aqueous electrolytes containing triiodide/iodide, oxygen/ hydrogen peroxide, or sulfate/sulfite redox couples and for iron-oxyhydroxide modified BiVO4 films. The triiodide/iodide couple, for example, yields qFLS=0.78 V under 49 mW/cm-2 (400 nm LED) illumination, comparable to the photovoltage from PEC (0.79 V). Furthermore, the reversibility of the redox reactions determines the reversibility of the SPS transients. For example, the triiodide/iodide couple gives nearly complete SPS reversibility on the 20 sec timescale, while the sulfate/sulfite couple gives an irreversible photovoltage signal. Lastly, by combining the SPS data with the majority carrier potential from open circuit potential measurements, the minority carrier electrochemical potentials, Efp can be obtained for all systems. For instance, Efp = 1.0 V vs RHE for the BiVO4 - triiodide/iodide junction and Efp = 0.26 V vs RHE for the sulfate/sulfite junction. These shows that BiVO4 can photoelectrochemically oxidize both redox couples, without applied bias. These results shed new light on the photoelectrochemistry of BiVO4, an important photoanode material for solar hydrogen production from water. Figure 1

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Agustini, Ketut, I. Wayan Santyasa, I. Made Tegeh, Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, and I. Nengah Eka Mertayasa. "Quantum Flipped Learning and Students’ Cognitive Engagement in Achieving Their Critical and Creative Thinking in Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 18 (September 21, 2022): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i18.32101.

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The 21st century as the information age implies that everyone, including students, must be literate in the development and advancement of knowledge-based information and communication technology. That is, students in schools as early as possible must be invited to build 21stcentury knowledge and skills, namely 4C skills. To accommodate this, the learning model must accommodate student centered learning models, one of which is quantum flipped learning (QFL) as a substitute for direct flipped learning (DFL). The aims of this study were 1) to analyze the main and interactive effect between the QFL model vs. the DFL model and students' cognitive involvement on their critical and creative thinking in learning physics. To achieve this goal, experimental research was conducted using a post test only control group design. The population of this research is high school students of class XI SMAN 4 Singaraja, and the sample is 4 classes selected by class random technique. The research data were collected with critical thinking tests, creative thinking tests, and cognitive engagement questionnaires. The research data were analyzed using two-way multivariate analysis of variance. Hypothesis testing was carried out at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that 1) critical thinking and creative thinking of students who studied with the QFL model were higher than students who studied with the DFL model, 2) students who had high cognitive engagement showed critical thinking and creative thinking skills that were not different from students who had low cognitive engagement, 3) there is no interactive effect between the learning model and students' cognitive involvement on critical thinking and creative thinking. The implication of this research is that to achieve optimal critical thinking and creative thinking, physics learning will be better if using the QFL model, students who have low cognitive engagement to be guided and motivated in learning to be able to increase their cognitive engagement in learning, both levels of cognitive involvement students are accommodated by both models.

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Ahmed, Nasar U., and Marian F. Zeitlin. "Assessment of the Effects of Teaching Germ Theory on Changes in Hygiene Behaviors, Cleanliness, and Diarrheal Incidence in Rural Bangladesh." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 14, no. 3 (October 1993): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a4xq-qfl6-cpvv-xjej.

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Germ theory was taught as part of a hygiene intervention in five villages in Bangladesh in which 87 percent of mothers were illiterate. Volunteer mothers taught other community mothers interactively in small groups using demonstration and teaching aids developed by a community working group. At final measurement 91 percent of mothers could explain five simple messages defining germ theory. Using germ theory in groups they identified forty high risk day-to-day practices and modified them to reduce diarrheal transmission. They adopted these new hygiene practices at rates ranging from 65 percent to 100 percent. Regression analysis suggests that understanding of germ theory was an important determinant of hygiene practices, cleanliness, and reduction in diarrheal incidence. Understanding of germ theory appeared to reduce diarrheal incidence not only through the interventions designed by the project but also changing perceptions of risk in the environment which led to spontaneous improvement in hygiene behaviors. We believe that accurate understanding of causes, transmission, and prevention of disease can 1) empower community and individual actions; and 2) contribute significantly to the impact of hygiene interventions. Therefore, it may be imperative to integrate teaching germ theory into community health education.

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Domino, George. "Attitudes Toward Physician Assisted Suicide: Poland and the United States." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 2 (March 2003): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qfxy-q06a-mt87-4ygm.

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A scale to measure attitudes toward physician assisted suicide was administered to a sample ( N=246) of Polish citizens and a sample ( N=246) of U.S. citizens equated on gender, marital status, religion, and socioeconomic level. In both samples the reliability was substantial (Cronbach's alphas of .93 and .89), and the factor structure identical (one major factor). Significant ethnic differences were found for 10 of the 12 scale items, but no differences related to demographic variables. The obtained differences appear to parallel a conservative-liberal dimension, though this will need to be assessed in future studies.

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Azaroff, Lenore S., Tam Doan, Huong Nguyen, Marcy Goldstein-Gelb, Madeline Fraser-Cook, and Supriya Kota. "Protecting Workers and Residents from Wood Floor-Finishing Hazards." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 16, no. 2 (August 2006): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/eyuh-qf8y-5hgr-mn4e.

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COVINGTON, ROBERT N. "BENEFIT DENIALS AND ERISA PREEMPTION: THE ONGOING STORY." Journal of Individual Employment Rights 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dkbg-4hpv-wyuh-qf8y.

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Fishman, Barry, Jeff Kupperman, Ron Marx, and Elliot Soloway. "Linking Urban Latino Families to School Using the Web." Journal of Educational Computing Research 25, no. 1 (July 2001): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dn8l-plqg-q9c0-qf3y.

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PERRY, SANDRA J. "EQUAL PAY ACT CASES IN HIGHER EDUCATION." Journal of Individual Employment Rights 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2hgr-mn4e-qflg-1ejg.

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Hussain, Sayed Mushahid, Syed Khaliq Hussain, and Enayatollah Emami Meybodi. "PETROGRAPHIC AND PROVENANCE OF THE SANDSTONE OF RAWALPINDI GROUP IN LESSER HIMALAYAS." Earth Science Malaysia 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2021.93.103.

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In the present work, we deal with the petrographic and provenance of the sandstone of the Rawalpindi group in the lesser Himalayas. The formations present in the project area are Murree and Kamlial Formations of the Rawalpindi group. The petrological studies of Murree and Kamlial Formations determine the minerals composition prospect, which minerals have high proportion and which one is less proportion. Which aim to determine the petrological characteristic of these rock formations for the use of scientific studies or in engineering projects. Both of these two formations are Siwalik molasse deposits, the same orogeny correlation, same age from the same group. Determine the difference in such kind of similar rock formations are very important and also challenge in the field of geology. With highly advance petrographically analysis, it shows that Kamlial formation consists of heavy minerals such as garnet, tourmaline, etc., as compared with Murree formation consists of light minerals such as quartzite, Felice and feldspar, etc. And the provenance analysis of the sandstone of the Rawalpindi group is performed by the QFL ternary diagrams method. All the plots in the QFL diagram plot on recycled orogeny provenance field.

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HUSTON, JOEY. "A Comparison of the Underlying Event in Jet and Minimum Bias Events." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01a (October 2001): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0100653x.

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In order to determine more accurately the energy contribution in a jet cone due to the underlying event, and in oder to understand better the ambient event environment at both the Tevatron and the LHC, a study has been carried out in CDF of the energy distribution in a cone of radius 0.7 in both jet and in minimum bias events. The results from CDF data from Run 1b have been compared with results from [Formula: see text] passed through the detector simulation program QFL.2

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Xu, Peng, Jin Gao, Zhibin Cao, Peng W. Chee, Qi Guo, Zhenzhen Xu, Andrew H. Paterson, Xianggui Zhang, and Xinlian Shen. "Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qFL-chr1, a fiber length QTL in cotton." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 130, no. 6 (March 30, 2017): 1309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2890-8.

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Shen, Xinlian, Zhibin Cao, Rippy Singh, Edward L. Lubbers, Peng Xu, C. Wayne Smith, Andrew H. Paterson, and Peng W. Chee. "Efficacy of qFL-chr1 , a Quantitative Trait Locus for Fiber Length in Cotton (Gossypium spp.)." Crop Science 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.11.0653.

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Bimo Prabowo, Mohammad, Nurakhmi Qadaryati, and Dian Agus Widiarso. "Sandstone Provenance Study in Wonosegoro, Boyolali Regency, Central Java." E3S Web of Conferences 359 (2022): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235904008.

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Wonosegoro is part of western Kendeng Zone, the depocenter of North East Java Basin that is mainly filled with thick pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments. Sandstones lithofacies is presence within the research area and may act as a useful tool to reach the aim of this research, which is to determine the provenance. The research has conducted field observation, petrographic analysis on seven thin sections of sandstones from the field, and bathymetry interpretation from benthic foraminifera. Overall, the sandstones are predominantly composed of lithic components (72.73%-88.05%) and significant matrix (25%-50%), thus classified as lithic greywacke. The combination of quartz-feldspar-lithic (QFL) and the heavy minerals composition suggest that the sandstone provenance in research area is a product of Oligo-Miocene volcanic of southern mountain range.

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Plesiński, Karol, Paweł Michalik, and Artur Radecki-Pawlik. "Prognozowanie zmian korytotwórczych w uregulowanym korycie rzeki Czarny Dunajec z wykorzystaniem modelu jednowymiarowego." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.3.34.

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Along the paper, we presented an analysis of changes of cross-sections morphology within the regulated reach of a mountain river. The river engineering works there were done by building cable block ramp. The studied reach was located in the Czarny Dunajec river. Analyzed reach of the river consisted of 100-m long segment upstream of the existing block ramp and 65 m downstream of it. The analysis was done based on field measurements, numerical modeling with HEC-RAS and Hjulström’s graph. Numerical modeling was conducted for observed flood Qfl ood = 16.9 m3·s–1 on 5 August 2013, and for the t-years floods: Q50% = 59 m3·s–1, Q25% = 99 m3·s–1, Q10% = 165 m3·s–1 and Q1% = 321 m3·s–1. For the analyzed reach an attempt was done to determinate dominant discharge.

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Maharjan, Sanjay Singh, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Textural and mineralogical maturities and provenance of sands from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi, central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33408.

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The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi in the Central Nepal flows across fold-thrust belts of the Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and the Sub-Himalaya, and is located in sub-tropical to humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Higher Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas, a high mountain and hilly region give way the long high-gradient, the Budhi Gandaki Nadi in the northern region. At the southern region within the Sub-Himalayas, having a wide Dun Valley, gives way the long low-gradient Narayani Nadi. Sands from Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi were obtained and analysed for textural maturity and compositional maturity. The textural analyses consisted of determining roundness and sphere city of quartz grains for shape, and determining size of sand for matrix percent and various statistical measures including sorting. The analysis indicates that the textural maturity of the majority of sands lies in sub mature category though few textural inversions are also remarkable. Sands from upstream to downstream stretches of the main stem river show depositional processes by graded suspension in highly turbulent (saltation) current to fluvial tractive current, as confirmed from the C-M patterns. The compositional variation includes quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, mica, etc. The quartz grain percent slightly increases from the mountains to the lower relief areas. The percent feldspar decreases rapidly whereas the percent rock fragment decreases gradually along the downstream transport of sediment. The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi sands range from sublitharenite to lithic arenite composition in QFL diagram, and are remarkably poorer in feldspar compared to rock fragment. Among the rock fragments, the high-grade metamorphic rock fragmentsare dominant in the upstream stretch of the main stem Narayani Nadi stretch while the sedimentary lithics are remarkable in the downstream stretch. The QFL plots also show that the studied sands belong to recycled orogeny provenance and agree with the current tectonic setting of the Himalayas. Mineralogically, the sands (MMI=100%–203%) are not as matured as the normal sands. MMI fluctuates along downstream distance due to mixing of sediments from the major tributaries at various places along the main stem river.

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Maharjan, Sanjay Singh, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Textural and mineralogical maturities and provenance of sands from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi, central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33408.

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The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi in the Central Nepal flows across fold-thrust belts of the Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and the Sub-Himalaya, and is located in sub-tropical to humid sub-tropical climatic zone. Within the Higher Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas, a high mountain and hilly region give way the long high-gradient, the Budhi Gandaki Nadi in the northern region. At the southern region within the Sub-Himalayas, having a wide Dun Valley, gives way the long low-gradient Narayani Nadi. Sands from Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi were obtained and analysed for textural maturity and compositional maturity. The textural analyses consisted of determining roundness and sphere city of quartz grains for shape, and determining size of sand for matrix percent and various statistical measures including sorting. The analysis indicates that the textural maturity of the majority of sands lies in sub mature category though few textural inversions are also remarkable. Sands from upstream to downstream stretches of the main stem river show depositional processes by graded suspension in highly turbulent (saltation) current to fluvial tractive current, as confirmed from the C-M patterns. The compositional variation includes quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, mica, etc. The quartz grain percent slightly increases from the mountains to the lower relief areas. The percent feldspar decreases rapidly whereas the percent rock fragment decreases gradually along the downstream transport of sediment. The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani Nadi sands range from sublitharenite to lithic arenite composition in QFL diagram, and are remarkably poorer in feldspar compared to rock fragment. Among the rock fragments, the high-grade metamorphic rock fragmentsare dominant in the upstream stretch of the main stem Narayani Nadi stretch while the sedimentary lithics are remarkable in the downstream stretch. The QFL plots also show that the studied sands belong to recycled orogeny provenance and agree with the current tectonic setting of the Himalayas. Mineralogically, the sands (MMI=100%–203%) are not as matured as the normal sands. MMI fluctuates along downstream distance due to mixing of sediments from the major tributaries at various places along the main stem river.

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Yan, Xue, Shuguang Wang, Bin Yang, Wenjun Zhang, Yaping Cao, Yugang Shi, Daizhen Sun, and Ruilian Jing. "QTL mapping for flag leaf-related traits and genetic effect of QFLW-6A on flag leaf width using two related introgression line populations in wheat." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): e0229912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229912.

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Lubis, I. F., A. D. Titisari, and N. S. Irsani. "Textural and mineralogical characteristics of sand grains of Oyo River Deposit at Yogyakarta, Indonesia: implications on sedimentation and origin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012030.

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Abstract Oyo river deposit is one of the potential resources for small scale sand mining in Yogyakarta. The deposit extends along the upstream to downstream area of the river. A detailed study on textural and mineralogical characterization is aimed for better understanding of Oyo River sedimentation and provenance. Ten sediment samples were analyzed by using granulometry method, these include grain size, morphological and mineralogical analysis. The result shows that the average of grain size changes from coarse sand (0.88 mm) in the upstream to medium sand (0.37 mm) in the downstream. Sorting value is dominated by moderately sorted (0.7lφ - 0.94φ), skewness is dominated by very fine skewed (0.3φ - l.l0φ), and kurtosis is dominated by extremely leptokurtic (2.8φ - 6.5φ). Meanwhile for the grain shape is dominated by oblate and bladed, sphericity changes from elongate to subequant, roundness is dominated by subangular and subequant. Mineralogical composition consists of magnetite, hematite, pyroxene, amphibole, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment. Plotting result on triangular QFL (Quartz Feldspar Lithic-fragment) diagram shows that the provenance of Oyo River sand deposit is coming from dissected arc tectonic setting.

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Bakhtiari, Samira, Hossein Sabouri, Mehdi Mollashahi, and Hossein Hosseini Moghaddam. "The Eﬀect of Pesticide Application on QTLs Controlling Traits in Barley." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 64, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2020.1.63-72.

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Among cereals, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ranks fourth in consumption worldwide. Among barley breeding goals, one can refer to gene mapping, studying their inheritance, and saturated genetic linkage maps. Problems with pesticide applications include reduced genetic diversity, reduced nitrogen fixation, and destruction of the habitat of especially endangered species. The effect of pesticide application on the emergence of QTLs expressing traits in experimental barley was investigated using 104 barley F2:4 families from Badia × Kavir cross. A total of 25 QTLs were mapped for all traits. In non-using pesticides, 12 QTLs were identified for peduncle length, stem diameter, flag leaf length, and awn length. It was found that qFL-4 has major effects on flag leaf length. or using the pesticide, 13 QTLs were detected that QTLs related to stem diameter, grain weight, flag leaf length explained a high percentage of phenotypic variation. The results of this study showed that pesticide application affects the expression of some genes in barley. Besides, major-effect trait-controller QTLs and their associated markers can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs.

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Baral, Upendra, Ding Lin, Khum N. Paudayal, Deepak Chamlagain, and Qasim Muhammad. "Erosional unroofing of Himalaya in far western Nepal: a detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and petrography study." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 53 (December 31, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v53i0.23795.

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Since the collision between the Indian and Asian plates, several peripheral foreland basin were formed, and started to accumulate the sediments from the hinterland Himalayan orogeny. The sediments deposited at the northern tip of the Greater India have been uplifted, exhumed after the activation of several south propagating thrusts and finally transported to the foreland basin by southward flowing fluvial system. We present petrography and detrital zircon dating for the interpretation of possible provenance of the Neogene Siwalik foreland basin sediments in far western Nepal. The QFL ternary plot for provenance analysis show a 'recycled orogeny' field for the studied sandstone samples, indicating Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya as the source of the foreland basin sediments. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the studied samples have shown that during the time of deposition there was dominant numbers of detritus supplied from the Tethys and upper Lesser Himalaya. Subsequently the amount of the Higher and Lower Lesser Himalaya increased during the time of deposition of the Middle Siwalik.

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Brown, Nino, Pawan Kumar, Sameer Khanal, Rippy Singh, Nelson D. Suassuna, Jennifer McBlanchett, Edward Lubbers, Don Jones, Andrew H. Paterson, and Peng W. Chee. "Registration of eight upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines with qFL‐Chr.25 , a fiber‐length QTL introgressed from Gossypium barbadense." Journal of Plant Registrations 14, no. 1 (January 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20009.

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Chen, Yanhua, Bingyan Fan, Ayinuer Yasen, Juan Zhu, Meixian Wang, and Xingjia Shen. "YTHDF3 Is Involved in the Diapause Process of Bivoltine Bombyx mori Strains by Regulating the Expression of Cyp307a1 and Cyp18a1 Genes in the Ecdysone Synthesis Pathway." Biomolecules 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12081127.

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The variable diapause features of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) strains regulated by environmental signals in the embryonic stage are closely related to epigenetics. Previously, we showed that the expression of YTHDF3 is significantly different in the pupae of the bivoltine silkworm Qiufeng developed from eggs incubated at a normal temperature (QFHT, diapause egg producer) compared to those from eggs incubated at a low temperature (QFLT, nondiapause egg producer), indicating that the expression of diapause-associated genes is regulated by the m6A modification level. However, how YTHDF3 regulates the expression of diapause-related genes remains unclear. In this study, we observed that the knockdown of B. mori YTHDF3 resulted in delayed embryo development, while the overexpression of YTHDF3 resulted in the transformation of nondiapause-destined eggs into a mixture of diapause and nondiapause eggs. Further studies showed that YTHDF3, as a reading protein, can recognize the m6A site of Cyp307a1 and Cyp18a1 genes in the ecdysone synthesis pathway (ESP), and the overexpression of YTHDF3 affects the diapause traits of the silkworm by decreasing the stabilities of mRNAs of Cyp307a1 and Cyp18a1 and inhibiting their translation. The above results demonstrate that m6A modification mediates YTHDF3 to affect the expression levels of its target genes, Cyp307a1 and Cyp18a1, in the ESP to regulate diapause in bivoltine B. mori. This is the first report of the m6A methylation regulation mechanism in diapause in B. mori and provides new experimental data for clarifying the diapause regulation network.

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Brown, Nino, Pawan Kumar, Rippy Singh, Ed Lubbers, B. Todd Campbell, Gerald O. Myers, Robert J. Wright, et al. "Evaluation of a Chromosome Segment from Gossypium barbadense Harboring the Fiber Length QTL qFL-Chr.25 in Four Diverse Upland Cotton Genetic Backgrounds." Crop Science 59, no. 6 (November 2019): 2621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2019.05.0321.

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Daniel, L. C., F. C. Araújo, B. R. Zancopé, F. S. Hanashiro, M. Nobre-dos-Santos, M. N. Youssef, and W. C. Souza-Zaroni. "Effect of a CO2Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: AnIn VitroStudy." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/298575.

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This study investigated the effect of CO2laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.

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Then, Amy Y., John M. Hoenig, and Quang C. Huynh. "Estimating fishing and natural mortality rates, and catchability coefficient, from a series of observations on mean length and fishing effort." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 2 (September 18, 2017): 610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx177.

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Abstract Gedamke and Hoenig (2006) (Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135: 476–487) developed a non-equilibrium version of the Beverton and Holt estimator of total mortality rate, Z, based on mean length and thereby increased the usefulness of length-based methods. In this study, we extend their model by replacing period-specific Z parameters with the year-specific parameterization Zy = qfy + M where q is the catchability coefficient, fy is the fishing effort in year y, F (=qf) is the fishing mortality rate, and M is the natural mortality rate. Thus, the problem reduces to estimating just three parameters: q, M and residual variance. We used Monte Carlo simulation to study the model behaviour. Estimates of q and M are highly negatively correlated and may or may not be reliable; however, the estimates of corresponding Z’s are more precise than estimates of F and are generally reliable, even when uncertainty about the mean lengths is high. This length-based method appears to work best for stocks with rapid growth rate. Contrast in effort data may not be necessary for reliable estimates of Z’s. This approach forms a bridge between data-limited models and more complex models. We apply the method to the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus stock in Portugal as an example.

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Brown, Nino, Xinlian Shen, Edward L. Lubbers, Pawan Kumar, Jennifer McBlanchett, C. Wayne Smith, Don Jones, Andrew H. Paterson, and Peng W. Chee. "Registration of GA R01-40-08, a Gossypium hirsutum Upland Cotton Germplasm Line with qFL-Chr.1 Introgressed from Gossypium barbadense Conferring Improved Fiber Length." Journal of Plant Registrations 13, no. 3 (September 2019): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2019.03.0014crg.

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Ismiyati. "STUDI PETROGRAFI BATUPASIR FORMASI WALAT DAERAH CIBADAK, SUKABUMI: IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP TIPE PROVENAN." INTAN Jurnal Penelitian Tambang 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56139/intan.v4i1.82.

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The Walat Formation is an Paleogen siliciclastic sedimentary rock formed in the Bogor Basin. Outcrops of this formation are widespread in the Cibadak area such as in Gunung Walat, the Sand Bongkok Complex, Aseupan Sand, and the Cicareuh River. Several studies have been done before on this formation. However, studies on provenance with petrographic methods are still rarely conducted, especially in the research area. This is the basis of this study. The data used in this study consisted of field data and previous research literature. The location of field data collection is located in the south of Gunung Walat, precisely in the Holcim Educational Forest (HEF) using the measured stratigraphic method. A total of 18 sandstone samples were using the petrographic. From one existing track, three facies were identified, namely Sp (planar-cross-bedded sand), Gh (clast supported, horizontally stratified gravel), and Fl (laminated sand, silt, and mud). This facies distribution is based on lithology, grain size, and sedimentary structure. Petrographic data indicate that the sandstones of the Walat Formation are mostly lithic arenite, sublithic arenite, and lithic-graywacke. Comparison of QFL composition shows that all sandstones come from orogenic deposits with Q compositions (78.51% - 97.74%), F (0 - 1%), and L (2.26% - 21.13%) meanwhile, QmFLt comparisons show originating from quartz recycled (three samples), transitional recycled (11 samples), and lithic recycled (four samples).

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Chima, Priscilla, Christopher Baiyegunhi, Kuiwu Liu, and Oswald Gwavava. "Petrography, modal composition and tectonic provenance of some selected sandstones from the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0064.

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Abstract The Late Triassic - Early Jurassic non marine clastic sediments of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations were studied to deduce their mineralogy and tectonic provenance. The study is based on road-cut exposures of the formations in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Petrographic studies based on quantitative analysis of the detrital minerals shows that the clastic sediments (mostly sandstones) are predominantly made up of quartz, feldspars, and metamorphic and igneous rock fragments. Among the main detrital framework grains, quartz constitutes about 62-91%, feldspar 6-24% and 3-19% of lithic fragments. The sandstones can be classified as both sublitharenite and subarkose. Although, most of the sandstones (> 70 %) plotted in the sub-litharenite field. Petrographic and XRD analyses revealed that the sandstones originated from granitic and metamorphic rock sources. The QFL (Quartz-feldspar-lithic fragments) ternary diagrams indicate that the sandstones were derived from recycled or quartzose source rocks reflecting a craton interior or transitional continental setting which probably came from the Cape Fold Belt. This possibly revealed that most of the sandstones might have been derived as a result of weathering and erosion of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Cape Supergroup. The study has revealed the depositional environments, and provide a basis for the description and interpretation of the sedimentology of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations.

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Rahutama, Arif. "Evolusi Busur Magmatik Pulau Jawa Bagian Timur sejak Eosen sampai Kuarter, Berdasarkan Analisis Provenance Batupasir Formasi Sambipitu." Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi 55, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/lpmgb.55.2.607.

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Formasi Sambipitu merupakan batuan volkaniklastik berumur Miosen Awal-Akhir yang terbentuk di Cekungan Wonosari pada lingkungan paparan sampai slope yang dibatasi kerucut volkanik di sebelah Barat Laut dan tinggian Wonosari Platform di sebelah Tenggara. Pengamatan sequen stratigraphy dari outcrop menunjukkan proses trangresi di periode awal menuju regresi pada fase highstand dan selanjutnya periode trangresi kedua pada bagian akhir. Batupasir di daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu batupasir kasar dan batupasir halus, yang digunakan dalam analisis provenance untuk mempelajari dinamika sedimentasi dan tektonik daerah penelitian. Mekanisme sedimentasi didominasi oleh proses saltasi dan suspensi, dikarenakan kondisi lingkungan pengengdapan pada paparan dengan morfologi yang curam akan menyebabkan pergerakan aliran massa yang menghasilkan arus turbit sehingga endapan yang terbentuk didominasi oleh arus traksi. Berdasarkan diagram QFL Dickinson (1985), batuan sumber Formasi Sambipitu berasal dari 2 (dua) mekanisme, yaitu dari magmatic arc dan recycled orogen. Setting tektonik magmatic arc dikarenakan provenance berasal dari aktifitas volkanik bersifat asam-intermediet pada umur Oligo-Miosen di sebelah Barat Laut. Tiga sampel batuan pada recycled orogen berada pada fase pengenggelaman maksimum (maksimum flooding) dan kandungan mineral olivine yang hanya dijumpai 2 sampel diantara ketiganya menunjukkan adanya sumber batuan yang berasal dari volkanik yang bersifat basa/ultrabasa, atau bisa diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat tinggian lain (paleo high) di sebelah Utara (daerah Bayat-Klaten/sejenisnya) yang berkontribusi mensuplai material sedimen ke Cekungan Wonosari. Evolusi magmatic arc sejak Eosen, dapat dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan, yaitu: 1) Eosen Island Arc; 2) Oligo-Miosen Volcanic Arc; dan 3) Quarternary Volcanic Arc.

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Hazarika, Rupjyoti, Ranjan Kumar Sarmah, and Jogendra Nath Sarma. "Thin-section Petrography and Heavy Mineral Study of sandstones of the Barail Group of rocks occuring around Sonapur area of Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 39, no. II (December 31, 2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v39iii.193.

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The study area represents a part of the South Shillong Shelf, Meghalaya, where sandstones belonging to the Barail Group (Eocene-Oligocene) are well exposed. Thin section petrography and heavy mineral investigations have been undertaken to assess the geological significance of the sandstones. Framework grains of the Barail sediments comprise of quartz (56.98 to 71.91%), feldspar (1.87 to 7.35%), mica (1.07 to 9.72%), lithic fragments (2.20 to 8.41%) and matrix (9.20 to 20.43%). The detrital composition of the sandstones comprises primarily of quartz grains, angular to sub-rounded, fine to medium grained and moderately sorted in nature. The sandstones are classified as subarkose, feldspathic graywacke and lithic graywacke. Provenance discrimination triangular plots of QFL and QmFLt reflect that the detritus were mostly derived from cratonic interior sources. The Diamond diagram indicates that the Barail sandstones were derived from middle and upper rank metamorphic source. Heavy mineral study of these sandstones indicates the presence of zircon, tourmaline, rutile, sillimanite, kyanite, staurolite, garnet, epidote, sphene, hypersthene, hornblende, chlorite, chloritoid, andalusite, apatite and opaque minerals. The percentages of most stable heavy minerals zircon, tourmaline and rutile vary from 6.11to 21.61, 2.60 to 6.56 and 2.42 to 7.57 respectively. The ZTR maturity index varies from 15.15 to 34.37, which reflects that the sandstones are mineralogically immature. The petrographic and heavy mineral study of the sandstones suggest that the detritus was probably derived from Shillong Massif where Precambrian metamorphic rocks of pelitic and arenaceous composition with plutonic bodies were exposed around the shelf margin. As the Shillong Massif comprises of Precambrian metamorphic rocks of pelitic and semitic (arenaceous) composition with intrusive plutonic bodies.

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Agheem, Muhammad Hassan, Humaira Dars, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi, Akhtar Hussain Markhand, Ali Ghulam Sahito, Qamaruddin Khokhar, Ghulam Mustafa Thebo, and Shahid Ali Shaikh. "Effects of Diagenesis on the Reservoir Quality in the Upper Sands of Lower Goru Formation, Badin Block, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss3.2020.472.

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The core samples of B member of upper sand reservoir rocks of the lower Goru Formation from three wellsof the Badin block were studied using thin section, XRD, and SEM techniques to investigate the diagenetic trends andtheir effect on reservoir quality. Microscopic study indicates that the B sand unit is mature with quartz as thepredominant mineral constituent with variable amount of feldspar and lithic minerals. The QFL plot indicates that mostof the samples are plotted in the field of quartz arenite, sub-litharenite and sub-arkose respectively. A few samplesbelong to the category of litharenite and feldspathic litharenite. The feldspars were partially to completely altered tokaolinite and other clay minerals. Coarse-crystalline or micro-crystalline calcite is the predominant cementing material.Bulk rock XRD analysis also confirms that the main mineral constituents of there samples are quartz and calcite invariable proportions. The undulose extinction and fracturing of quartz grains indicate that the area remained understress. Moreover, such fracturing is post-depositional and therefore is the product of late diagenesis. Scanning ElectronMicroscopic (SEM) images at 50 micrometer (μm) size show irregular type of fracturing within the quartz grains. Thislate stage fracturing of quartz has also generated various types of channels which may serve as secondary porosity. Thequartz overgrowth was observed in some samples due to late stage diagenesis. The micro-crystalline cement in the formof calcite is mostly present within the pores in fractured quartz. The results indicate that the diagenesis played asignificant role in improving the reservoir characteristics of B sand by increasing the porosity due to quartz fracturing,feldspar dissolution, alteration and quartz corrosion. Hence, better understanding of reservoir heterogeneities inporosity through diagenetic studies can be helpful in evaluating potential reservoir horizons for hydrocarbonaccumulation on spatial and temporal scales.

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Schieber, Jürgen. "A combined petrographical—geochemical provenance study of the Newland Formation, Mid-Proterozoic of Montana." Geological Magazine 129, no. 2 (March 1992): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008293.

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AbstractA provenance study was conducted on the Mid-Proterozoic Newland Formation, in which petrographical features of sandstones and geochemical characteristics of shales were integrated to arrive at an internally consistent interpretation.Sandstones of the Newland Formation are typically arkosic sands and arkoses with very-well-rounded quartz and feldspar grains and only minor amounts of extrabasinal rock fragments. The predominant feldspar types are K-spar and microcline, feldspar grains are smaller than quartz grains, and feldspars show little alteration due to weathering. Detrital modes of Newland sandstones (QFL diagrams) indicate that they were derived from a stable cratonic source. These petrographical features imply a source area dominated by granites and granitoid gneisses, semi-arid to arid climate, tectonic quiescence, and overall peneplain conditions.Shales of the Newland Formation are dominated by illite, quartz silt, and fine crystalline dolomite. They have small La/Th rations, relatively large Hf contents, and small contents of Cr, Co, and Ni, all indicative of derivation from crust of granitic composition. Small Tio2/Al2O3ratios also suggest source rocks of granitic composition. The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) for Newland shales is 71.8, which in light of the probable granitoid source indicates modest amounts of chemical weathering. Relatively large SiO2contents and large K2O/Na2O ratios reflect derivation from stable cratonic areas and tectonic quiescence.Thus, in general, the petrography of sandstones and geochemistry of shales provides the same provenance clues for the Newland Formation. One notable discrepancy between the two approaches is that the sandstones indicate an arid to semi-arid climate with very minor chemical weathering, whereas the CIA of the shales indicates at least modest amounts of chemical weathering. This indicates on one hand the need to better calibrate the CIA with a large variety of muds from modern climatic settings, and on the other hand the possibility that this discrepancy is due to transport segregation.

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