Journal articles: 'Q-bit'

1

Dawes, Joycelin. "The Q-Bit." Journal for the Study of Spirituality 3, no. 2 (November 2013): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2044024313z.00000000011.

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Rose, O. "The Q-bit scheme." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 22, no. 2 (April 1992): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/141800.141803.

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Maji, Kajal, and Kousik Mukherjee. "Design and Analysis of X-OR Gate and 4-Bit Binary to 4-Bit Gray and Gray to Binary Code Converter Using Dual Control Dual SOA TOAD (DCDS-TOAD)." Micro and Nanosystems 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402912666200123105631.

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Background: In this paper we have design and analyzed 4-bit binary to 4-bit gray code and 4-bit gray to 4-bit gray code converter using dual control dual semiconductor optical amplifier terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (DCDS-TOAD). We used control pulse as a Soliton pulse train. We calculate the extinction ratio, contrast ratio and Q value and found very high values. The high values of E.R., C.R. and Q value distinguishes the high (‘1’) level to the low(‘0’) very clearly also shown the variation of E.R., C.R. and Q value with control pulse energy and amplified spontaneous emission power factor. Methods: The basic equations governing the TOAD performance is simulated using MATLAB. The extinction ratio, contrast ratio and Q value are calculated for analysis of the device. Results: Results of operation for the code converters are performed at a bit rate of 100Gbps. The structure of DCDSTOAD enable us to achieve high values of ER(~ 81dB), CR(~83dB) and Q factor (86dB). A high Q factor shows very low bit error rate (BER). The eye diagram shows a large eye opening (REOP~98.5%). Conclusion: Design and analyzed 4-bit binary to 4-bit gray code and 4-bit gray to 4-bit gray code converter using dual control dual semiconductor optical amplifier terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (DCDS-TOAD) is proposed and analyzed. We used control pulse as a Soliton pulse train. The proposed X-OR gate finds applications in many devices.

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Englert, Berthold-Georg, and Nasser Metwallys. "Separability of entangled q-bit pairs." Journal of Modern Optics 47, no. 12 (October 2000): 2221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340008235144.

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Metwally, Berthold-Georg Englert, Nasser. "Separability of entangled q-bit pairs." Journal of Modern Optics 47, no. 12 (October 15, 2000): 2221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095003400420076.

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Englert, B. G., and N. Metwally. "Remarks on 2–q-bit states." Applied Physics B 72, no. 1 (January 2001): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400000502.

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Sinaga, Jhonatan Andreas. "Design of Point to Point Access Using Dense Wavelength Divison Multiplexing." Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v2i2.1534.

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In this research, a point to point access is designed on an optical communication network to see the performance parameters of bit error rate and q-factor. The research was conducted using OptiSystem software version 17, with design specifications such as a wavelength of 1555 nm, a range of 100 km, a number of 40 channels, and a frequency of 100 GHz. In this study, the best BER (Bit Error Rate) value was 10-6. Meanwhile, the Q-factor value is 4.8, which means that the Q-factor value has met the standard if it is seen from the BER value obtained. There are several factors that have a major influence on the design of fiber optic networks, such as power, amplifier specifications and bandwidth values. To minimize the enlargement of the BER (Bit Error Rate) and Q-factor values ??that come out.

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Piqueira, José R. C. "Bits and q-bits as versatility measures." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 2 (June 2004): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000200035.

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Using Shannon information theory is a common strategy to measure any kind of variability in a signal or phenomenon. Some methods were developed to adapt information entropy measures to bird song data trying to emphasize its versatility aspect. This classical approach, using the concept of bit, produces interesting results. Now, the original idea developed in this paper is to use the quantum information theory and the quantum bit (q-bit) concept in order to provide a more complete vision of the experimental results.

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Edirisooriya, Geetani. "Closed Form Aliasing Probability For Q-ary Symmetric Errors." VLSI Design 4, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/29412.

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In Built-In Self-Test (BIST) techniques, test data reduction can be achieved using Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs). A faulty circuit may escape detection due to loss of information inherent to data compaction schemes. This is referred to as aliasing. The probability of aliasing in Multiple-Input Shift-Registers (MISRs) has been studied under various bit error models. By modeling the signature analyzer as a Markov process we show that the closed form expression derived for aliasing probability previously, for MISRs with primitive polynomials under q-ary symmetric error model holds for all MISRs irrespective of their feedback polynomials and for group cellular automata signature analyzers as well. If the erroneous behaviour of a circuit can be modelled with q-ary symmetric errors, then the test circuit complexity and propagation delay associated with the signature analyzer can be minimized by using a set of m single bit LFSRs without increasing the probability of aliasing.

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Khair, Fauza. "Perancangan Sistem Optik DWDM 8 Kanal dengan Penguat EDFA." Journal of Telecommunication, Electronics, and Control Engineering (JTECE) 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2021): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v3i1.228.

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Penguat EDFA dibutuhkan untuk permasalahan komunikasi di Indonesia yang terbatas jarak dan waktu. EDFA merupakan penguat optik yang dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan ion erbium ke dalam serat optik. Supaya EDFA digunakan dengan efisien maka diperlukan penelitian performansi yang sesuai untuk bit rate tertentu Pada Tugas Besar kali ini, akan dilakukan pemodelan dan simulasi link DWDM menggunakan software Optisystem 17.0, kemudian akan dilakukan simulasi link DWDM dengan 2 penguat erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) ditambah menggunakan Single mode Fiber dan Dispersion Compensation Fiber. EDFA dipilih karena EDFA dapat menguatkan sinyal optik tanpa mengubahnya menjadi sinyal elektrik terlebih dahulu. Pada Tugas besar ini, serat optik akan diatur panjangnya dengan panjang Dispersion Compensating Fiber tetap yaitu 10 Km. Panjang link yang digunakan yaitu 50 Km, 60 Km, 70 Km, 80 Km dan 90 Km, bitrate yang digunakan yaitu 10 Gbps, 9 Gbps, 8 Gbps dan 7 Gbps, format modulasi yang digunakan yaitu NRZ. Selanjutnya, hasil dari simulasi akan dilihat nilai dari SNR, OSNR, Q faktor dan BER masing-masing skema EDFA, sehingga didapatkan nilai yang terbaik dari kelima jarak dan variasi bit rate yang digunakan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, penguat (EDFA) memiliki korelasi terhadap kinerja sistem DWDM ini, dimana didapatkan pada skema Bit rate 7 Gbps dan 8 Gbps dengan maksimal panjang fiber 100 Km penggunaan penguat EDFA sangat berpengaruh pada kelayakan BER dan Q-Factor dan pada skema Bit Rate 9 Gbps dan 10 Gbps terdapat nilai BER dan Q-Factor yang tidak memenuhi standar kelayakan pada jarak tertentu. Keywords: DWDM, EDFA, Q Factor, BER, Bit Rate

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Dolizkani, Javad. "Toward an optimal quantum algorithm for polynomial factorization over finite fields." Quantum Information and Computation 19, no. 1&2 (February 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic19.1-2-1.

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We present a randomized quantum algorithm for polynomial factorization over finite fields. For polynomials of degree n over a finite field F_q, the average-case complexity of our algorithm is an expected O(n^{1 + o(1)} \log^{2 + o(1)}q) bit operations. Only for a negligible subset of polynomials of degree $n$ our algorithm has a higher complexity of O(n^{4/3 + o(1)} \log^{2 + o(1)}q) bit operations. This breaks the classical 3/2-exponent barrier for polynomial factorization over finite fields \cite{guo2016alg}.

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Wang, Xin, Peng Li, and Zihan Ren. "Two-in-One Secret Image Sharing Scheme with Higher Visual Quality of the Previewed Image." Mathematics 10, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10050678.

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Secret image sharing (SIS) scheme is a secret image encoding and decoding scheme that reconstructs the secret image only if the number of participants is sufficient. In contrast, inadequate participants gain no information about the secret image. Two-in-one secret image sharing (TiOSIS) scheme is a kind of SIS scheme with two decoding options, quick preview without computation and accurate recovery with computer. For higher decoding speed, Li et al. proposed an improved two-in-one secret image sharing scheme, utilizing Boolean operation for less computational complexity, where the visual quality of the previewed image is deteriorated. In this paper, we use q-bit gray visual cryptography to build a mathematical model for better visual quality of the previewed image based on Li et al.’s TiOSIS scheme. The black sub-pixels of shadows corresponding to a black secret pixel are replaced by a q-bit grayscale value rather than an 8-bit grayscale value where q is a positive integer smaller than 8. The theoretical analysis and experiments are exhibited to guarantee feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Yan, Tao, In-Ho Ra, Qian Zhang, Hang Xu, and Linyun Huang. "A Novel Rate Control Algorithm Based on ρ Model for Multiview High Efficiency Video Coding." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010166.

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Most existing rate control algorithms are based on the rate-quantization (R-Q) model. However, with video coding schemes becoming more flexible, it is very difficult to accurately model the R-Q relationship. Therefore, in this study we propose a novel ρ domain rate control algorithm for multiview high efficiency video coding (MV-HEVC). Firstly, in order to further improve the efficiency of MV-HEVC, this paper uses our previous research algorithm to optimize the MV-HEVC prediction structure. Then, we established the ρ domain rate control model based on multi-objective optimization. Finally, it used image similarity to analyze the correlation between viewpoints, using encoded information and frame complexity to proceed in bit allocation and bit rate control of the inter-view, frame lay, and base unit. The experimental simulation results show that the algorithm can simultaneously maintain high coding efficiency, where the average error of the actual bit rate and the target bit rate is only 0.9%.

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Cohen, Rami, Netanel Raviv, and Yuval Cassuto. "LDPC Codes Over the $q$ -ary Multi-Bit Channel." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 4293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2900894.

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Accardi, Luigi, and Yun-Gang Lu. "The qq-bit (III): Symmetric q-Jordan–Wigner embeddings." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 22, no. 01 (March 2019): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025718500236.

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We prove that, replacing the left Jordan–Wigner [Formula: see text]-embedding by the symmetric [Formula: see text]-embedding described in Sec. 2, the result of the corresponding central limit theorem changes drastically with respect to those obtained in Ref. 5. In fact, in the former case, for any [Formula: see text], the limit space is precisely the [Formula: see text]-mode Interacting Fock Space (IFS) that realizes the canonical quantum decomposition of the limit classical random variable. In the latter case, this happens if and only if [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, as shown in Sec. 4, the limit classical random variable turns out to coincide with the [Formula: see text]-mode version of the [Formula: see text]-deformed quantum Brownian introduced by Parthasarathy[Formula: see text], and extended to the general context of bi-algebras by Schürman[Formula: see text]. The last section of the paper (Appendix) describes this continuous version in white noise language, leading to a simplification of the original proofs, based on quantum stochastic calculus.

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El-Hageen, Hazem M., Aadel M. Alatwi, and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. "Advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based OWC communication channel model." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.2433.

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This paper examines advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based optical wireless communication (OWC) channel model. These modulation techniquesinclude On-Off keying and return to zero (RZ)/non–return to zero (NRZ) coding. The signal power level against time and frequency spectral variations are measured. The max. Q factor and min. bit error rate (BER) are estimated and clarified for each modulation code scheme by using an optisystem simulation model. Transmission bit rates of up to 40 Gb/s can be achieved for possible distances up to 500 km with acceptable Q factor. The received power and max. Q factor are measured and clarified with OWC distance variations. The On-Off keying modulation code scheme resulted in better performance than the other modulation code schemes did.

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Tyagi, Rishita. "Simulation and Performance Analysis of RoF System Using Fiber Impairments." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42759.

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Abstract: A Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has a unique feature of containing both a fiber optic link and a free space radio path. Fiber based wireless access facilitates high-capacity multimedia services in a real-time basis. In this research paper, the RoF system is simulated in the presence of fiber impairments, namely, Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) and Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) with the help of OptiSystem simulation tool. The variations in Quality factor (Q factor) and Bit Error Rate (BER) with respect to wavelength of 1552 nm and bit rates of 10 Gb/s of input signal is analyzed in the presence of the linear and non-linear impairments of the fiber. Keywords: Radio over Fiber (RoF), Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), Cross Phase Modulation (XPM), Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), OptiSystem, Bit Error Rate (BER), Q factor.

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Uddin, Mohammad Nasir, and Irin Sultana Bristy. "Performance Analysis of 16-Channel Hybrid WDM- CSRZ-DQPSK PON for Different Transmission Speeds and Distances." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v19i1.51.

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Sixteen channel wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) based on one Mach-Zehnder modulator and carrier suppressed return to zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying (CSRZ-DQPSK) transmitter is designed and evaluated for various bit rates (20 Gbps to 80 Gbps). The effect of changes in transmission distance with increased bit rate is also discussed and hence quality factors and bit error rates are analyzed to evaluate their performances. The relation between transmission distance, quality factor (Q factor) and bit error rate (BER) have been focused to determine optimized result.

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Harvey, David, and Joris van der Hoeven. "Polynomial Multiplication over Finite Fields in Time $ O (n \log n) $." Journal of the ACM 69, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3505584.

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Assuming a widely believed hypothesis concerning the least prime in an arithmetic progression, we show that polynomials of degree less than $ n $ over a finite field $ \mathbb {F}_q $ with $ q $ elements can be multiplied in time $ O (n \log q \log (n \log q)) $ , uniformly in $ q $ . Under the same hypothesis, we show how to multiply two $ n $ -bit integers in time $ O (n \log n) $ ; this algorithm is somewhat simpler than the unconditional algorithm from the companion paper [ 22 ]. Our results hold in the Turing machine model with a finite number of tapes.

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van Bommel, Raymond. "The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for an elliptic curve over $$\pmb {\mathbb {Q}\left( \root 4 \of {5}\,\right) }$$." Archiv der Mathematik 114, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-019-01383-w.

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Abstract In this paper, we show that the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for a certain elliptic curve over $$\mathbb {Q}\left( \root 4 \of {5}\,\right) $$Q54 is equivalent to the same conjecture for a certain pair of hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 over $$\mathbb {Q}$$Q. We numerically verify the conjecture for these hyperelliptic curves. Moreover, we explain the methods used to find this example, which turned out to be a bit more subtle than expected.

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Tahhan, Shaymaa Riyadh, Mudhafar Hussein Ali, and Abdulla Khudhiar Abass. "Characteristics of Dispersion Compensation for 32 Channels at 40 Gb/s Under Different Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0121.

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Abstract In this study, a simulation analysis of 40-Gb/s long-haul (120 km) dense wavelength-division multiplexer system (DWDM) of 32 channels with 50 GHz spacing is conducted for duobinary return-to-zero modulation formats. Pre- and post-dispersion compensation schemes utilizing dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are analyzed to compare these schemes at high bit rate. Quality factor (Q) and bit error rate (BER) values are used to measure the response of the system as a function of input power for both compensation schemes. The pre-FBG scheme shows a better performance in terms of Q-factor that reached 11.5 at 0 dBm input signal power.

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Aleksey, Vostretsov, Krivetsky Andrey, Radchenko Sergey, and Pitsun Dmitriy. "3JJ Q-bit state identification using the maximum-likelihood method." Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2015-3-39-49.

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Soni, Gaurav. "Performance Investigation of OTDM Link at 10*4 Gbps and Link Range of 348 km Using NRZ and RZ Schemes." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0012.

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Abstract In Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM)-based systems, several optical signals with low bit rate B share the same carrier frequency and are optically multiplexed to form a composite bit stream at the higher bit rate N*B, where N denotes the number of channels multiplexed. In this paper, the analysis and investigation of the performance of OTDM link are carried out with help of simulation. In this paper, OTDM link is designed based on four channels having data rate of each channel which is equal to 10 Gbps with the use of RZ and NRZ schemes being analyzed. The proposed optical link achieved maximum transmission distance of 348 km over single mode fiber. The system operated over a distance of 348 km with bit error rate of 1.39×10−31 and Q-value of 11.60 with RZ, and bit rate of 1.47×10−24 and Q-value of 10.13 with NRZ respectively. The results shows that the proposed link performance is better optimized using RZ modulation scheme in comparison to NRZ scheme. This simulation work is done in optisystem 7.0. Further in this proposed OTDM link the comparison of the link performance is also analyzed using different pulse shapes for RZ and NRZ. The results being presented in this paper are significantly taken at transmitted power of 0 dBm and 2 dBm.

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Xu, Huaxing, Shaohua Wang, Yang Huang, Yaqi Song, and Changlei Wang. "A Self-Stabilizing Phase Decoder for Quantum Key Distribution." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051661.

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Self-stabilization quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are often based on the Faraday magneto-optic effect such as “plug and play” QKD systems and Faraday–Michelson QKD systems. In this article, we propose a new anti-quantum-channel disturbance decoder for QKD without magneto-optic devices, which can be a benefit for the photonic integration and applications in magnetic environments. The decoder is based on a quarter-wave plate reflector–Michelson (Q–M) interferometer, with which the QKD system can be free of polarization disturbance caused by quantum channel and optical devices in the system. The theoretical analysis indicates that the Q–M interferometer is immune to polarization-induced signal fading, where the operator of the Q–M interferometer corresponding to Pauli Matrix σ2 makes it satisfy the anti-disturbance condition naturally. A Q–M interferometer based time-bin phase encoding QKD setup is demonstrated, and the experimental results show that the QKD setup works stably with a low quantum bit error rate about 1.3% for 10 h over 60.6 km standard telecommunication optical fiber.

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Mrabet, Hichem, Faouzi Bahloul, Abdullah S. Karar, Abdelhamid Cherifi, and Aymen Belghith. "Nonlinear Effect and MAI Impact on SAC-OCDMA System Based on 2D Multi-Diagonal Code and Laser Array." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 8528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188528.

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A new architecture for Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) system based on two Dimensional Multi Diagonal (2D-MD) codes named 2D-MD SAC-OCDMA and utilizing a laser optical source is proposed for Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON). In this work, a computer simulator tool is used, for the first time, as a SAC-OCDMA simulation set-up utilizing the unique combination of a coherent laser array and 2D-MD codes. In addition, the system performance is addressed numerically by taking into account Multiple Access Interference (MAI), optical coherent source noise, first, second and third order fiber dispersion, nonlinear effects and photo-detector noise. Simulation results indicate that for a single user (i.e., without considering MAI), the system can operate at a maximum bit rate of 55 Gb/s over 250 km of Single Mode Fiber (SMF), with a Bit Error Rate (BER) below 10−9 (Q-limit = 15.5 dB), when only first order fiber dispersion is considered. However, including the effects of second and third order fiber dispersion as frequency domain parameters, results in a reduction of the maximum bit rate to 40 Gb/s, while maintaining a Q-factor above the Q-limit under the same transmission distance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed architecture extends the SMF transmission reach up to 600 km and 480 km, when considering linear and nonlinear effects, respectively. Finally, we show that our proposed 2D-MD SAC-OCDMA system outperforms existing solutions presented in the literature for LR-PON configuration, in terms of both aggregate bit rate and transmission reach.

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Al-kamali, F. S., Hefdhallah Sakran, and N. A. Odhah. "I/Q Imbalance Problem in SC-FDMA System with DCT and DFT Basis Functions." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2015 (January 29, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/723805.

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In-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance is one of the most serious concerns in the practical implementation of the direct conversion receiver architecture. This paper investigates and analyzes the impacts of the I/Q imbalance on the performance of the single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system with different basis functions by computer simulations only. The suitable phase and amplitude of I and Q branches that can be utilized in SC-FDMA system are studied and determined through simulations for different I/Q imbalance scenarios and different subcarrier mapping schemes. Simulation results show that the phase and amplitude of I and Q branches have significant effects on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the SC-FDMA system.

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Islam, Md Aminul. "Distorted Lattice Structure of La and Nd Co-Doped Bismuth Titanate Bi3-XTi4O12 Nano-Grained Ceramics for High Quality Energy Storage Application." EDU Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.46603/ejcee.v2i1.24.

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Capacitive energy storage technology becomes more popular due to the fast charging facilities. Bismuth titanate (BIT) is a lead-free ferroelectric material used as a dielectric medium in the capacitive energy storage system. La and Nd co-doped BIT has been synthesized through a solid-state reaction process to obtain improved dielectric properties. Various characterization technologies such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD) have been done to sure the reaction completion and absence of the impurity phase of BIT. Rietveld refinement of XRD has been carried out to investigate the crystal structural properties of La and Nd-doped BIT. Capacitive energy storage performances have been tested by measuring the parallel plate capacitance and quality factor of BIT ceramics. Co-doped BIT possesses the highest crystal density, which results in a high Q factor. The unit cell of the TiO6 octahedral of BIT becomes highly distorted as a consequence of La and Nd co-doping, which increases surface polarization, and the capacitance of BIT increases.

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Peric, Zoran H., Aleksandar V. Markovic, Natasa Z. Kontrec, Stefan R. Panic, and Petar C. Spalević. "Novel Composite Approximation for the Gaussian Q-Function." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.5.26012.

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This paper, by using Borjesson’s and Benitez’s approximation of Q-function, presents a novel and improved composite approximation of Q-function with wide applicability. The presented approach is very general and can be implemented on any observed interval. Based on the proposed approximation of Q-function, the average bit error rate is assessed by observing the transfer over Nakagami-m fading channel. The simplicity of the proposed approximation form in conjunction with yet another feature - utmost accurateness - appeared to be a better choice than the suggested approximations of similar complexity in terms of analyticity. The paper emphasizes the wide implementation possibilities in numerous tasks of communication theory and functional analysis that include Q-function.

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Chun-Yuan Chang, Cheng-Fu Chou, Din-Yuen Chan, Tsungnan Lin, and Ming-Hung Chen. "A $q$-Domain Characteristic-Based Bit-Rate Model for Video Transmission." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 18, no. 9 (September 2008): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2008.924103.

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Khan, Mozammel H. A. "Influence of Probability of Variation Operator on the Performance of Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for 0/1 Knapsack Problem." Open Artificial Intelligence Journal 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2010): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874061801004010037.

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Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) has been shown to be better performing than classical Genetic Algorithm based evolutionary techniques for combinatorial optimization problems like 0/1 knapsack problem. QEA uses quantum computing-inspired representation of solution called Q-bit individual consisting of Q-bits. The probability amplitudes of the Q-bits are changed by application of Q-gate operator, which is classical analogous of quantum rotation operator. The Q-gate operator is the only variation operator used in QEA, which along with some problem specific heuristic provides exploitation of the properties of the best solutions. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of the QEA for 0/1 knapsack problem and showed that a probability in the range 0.3 to 0.4 for the application of the Q-gate variation operator has the greatest likelihood of making a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Experimental results agree with the analytical finding.

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Pimentel Sobrinho, Alvaro Caetano. "Preservação de memória, o qbit e a criptografia quântica." InCID: Revista de Ciência da Informação e Documentação 9, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-2075.v9i2p71-88.

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Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a preservação da memória com a utilização dos dispositivos tecnológicos e com a introdução do conceito do bit quântico (q-bit). A proposta considera a possibilidade de transmitir e preservar a memória utilizando conceitos da física quântica, estudos sobre a mediologia e a angelética e as possibilidades de armazenamento com o uso dos meios magnéticos atuais. Há, ainda, uma breve explanação sobre as possibilidades de segurança da preservação de memória com a utilização de criptografia quântica.

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Ahmed, Mohammed Altaf, and Suleman Alnatheer. "Deep Q-Learning with Bit-Swapping-Based Linear Feedback Shift Register fostered Built-In Self-Test and Built-In Self-Repair for SRAM." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060971.

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Including redundancy is popular and widely used in a fault-tolerant method for memories. Effective fault-tolerant methods are a demand of today’s large-size memories. Recently, system-on-chips (SOCs) have been developed in nanotechnology, with most of the chip area occupied by memories. Generally, memories in SOCs contain various sizes with poor accessibility. Thus, it is not easy to repair these memories with the conventional external equipment test method. For this reason, memory designers commonly use the redundancy method for replacing rows–columns with spare ones mainly to improve the yield of the memories. In this manuscript, the Deep Q-learning (DQL) with Bit-Swapping-based linear feedback shift register (BSLFSR) for Fault Detection (DQL-BSLFSR-FD) is proposed for Static Random Access Memory (SRAM). The proposed Deep Q-learning-based memory built-in self-test (MBIST) is used to check the memory array unit for faults. The faults are inserted into the memory using the Deep Q-learning fault injection process. The test patterns and faults injection are controlled during testing using different test cases. Subsequently, fault memory is repaired after inserting faults in the memory cell using the Bit-Swapping-based linear feedback shift register (BSLFSR) based Built-In Self-Repair (BISR) model. The BSLFSR model performs redundancy analysis that detects faulty cells, utilizing spare rows and columns instead of defective cells. The design and implementation of the proposed BIST and Built-In Self-Repair methods are developed on FPGA, and Verilog’s simulation is conducted. Therefore, the proposed DQL-BSLFSR-FD model simulation has attained 23.5%, 29.5% lower maximum operating frequency (minimum clock period), and 34.9%, 26.7% lower total power consumption than the existing approaches.

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Joshi, Vibha, and Rekha Mehra. "Performance Analysis of an Optical System Using Dispersion Compensation Fiber & Linearly Chirped Apodized Fiber Bragg Grating." Open Physics Journal 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874843001603010114.

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In this paper, a proposal for analyzing the performance of an optical system by using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and linear chirped apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been put forth. Both systems have three different schemes pre, post and symmetrical. Various parameters used for this analysis are input power, distance & input bit rate. Performance is analyzed in terms of Q factor, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Eye Diagram. It is found that use of FBG as a dispersion compensating element gives better system performance as compared to DCF.

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Et.al, Gaurav Sharma. "Comparative Analysis of DCF based Dispersion Compensation Techniques in Optical Fiber Communication Link using Different Input Transmitter Conditions at 10 Gbps." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 3210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1567.

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In this paper, Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) based various dispersion compensating techniques (pre, post and symmetrical) with different modulation format like Non Return to Zero(NRZ), Return to Zero(RZ), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero(CSRZ) and Duo Binary(DB) along with PN, FCC and Walsh code input sequences are implemented. Simulation and analysis of these implemented techniques were done at 10 Gbps bit rate and input laser power ranging from 1 mW to 10 mW at transmission distance of 240 km using BER Analyzer in Optisystem 17.0 software. Comparison between different techniques was done in terms of Q factor and BER versus input CW laser power for different modulations and input sequences. From the analysis, it is concluded that when Walsh code as user defined input sequence are used for all the implementation, it gives higher value of Q factor and lower value of Bit Error Rate as compared to PN and FCC codes for most of the input CW laser power.

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Amaral, Patrícia. "Bocado: scalar semantics and polarity sensitivity." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 136, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 1114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2020-0059.

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AbstractThis paper traces the developments of the noun bocado as it participates in two polarity-sensitive constructions in the history of Portuguese: the minimizer bocado ‘[not even] a bit’, a negative polarity item in Old Portuguese, and the degree adverbial um bocado ‘a bit’, which emerges in the 1700 s and is a positive polarity item. I adopt Israel’s (2011) grammar of polarity based on two lexical features, a quantitative value (q-value) and an informative value (i-value), in order to analyze the properties of these constructions as they reveal the interaction between lexical meaning and the logic of scalar reasoning. By applying this model in diachrony, I show how the logic of pragmatic scales underlies the patterns observed: a low q-value (lexical meaning) constrains the possible contexts of use of the expression in terms of the informativity of the propositions conveyed. Diachronic studies can thus shed light on the types of meaning associated with scalar terms as well as on types of scalar items.

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Satoh, Takakazu. "Generalized division polynomials." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 94, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-14436.

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Let $E$ be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by the ring $O_{F}$ of integers of an imaginary quadratic field $F$. We give an explicit condition on $\alpha\in O_{F}$ so that there exists a rational function $\psi_{\alpha}$ satisfying $\div\psi_{\alpha}=\sum_{P\in\mathrm{Ker}[\alpha]}[P] - N_{F /Q}(\alpha)[{\mathcal{O}}]$ where $[\alpha ]$ is the multiplication by $\alpha$ map. We give an algorithm to compute $\psi_{\alpha}$ based on recurrence formulas among these functions. We prove that the time complexity of this algorithm is $O(N_{F/Q}(\alpha )^{2+\varepsilon})$ bit operations under an FFT based multiplication algorithm as $N_{F /Q}(\alpha )$ tends to infinity for the fixed $E$.

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Anggraini, Dini, Efri Sandi, and Arum Setyowati. "ANALISIS PERANCANGAN SISTEM (WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING) WDM-PON PADA TEKNOLOGI XG-PON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE OPTISYSTEM." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOKASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA (JVoTE) 3, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jvote.v3i1.18163.

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Teknologi XG-PON merupakan pengembangan dari teknologi G-PON. Perbedaan XG- PON dengan G-PON adalah bitrate nya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perancangan dari sistem WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON dengan menggunakan software optisystem. Pada perancangan penelitian memiliki beberapa parameter data yang diambil, antara lain Q-Factor, Bit Error Rate dan Power Link Budget. Rancang jaringan WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON menggunakan software optisystem melalui tahap simulasi dengan cara mengubah jarak 10-50 Km dan mengubah PTx sebesar 2-8 dBm pada software optisystem. Hasil yang didapatkan dari rancangan WDM-PON pada teknologi XG-PON adalah layak dengan memenuhi standar jaringan yang ada dengan Power Link Budget sebesar -27.54 dBm. Serta mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian Bit Error Rate terhadap jarak dimana semakin dekat jarak maka Bit Error Rate akan semakin bagus dan bila semakin jauh jarak maka Bit Error Rate akan semakin buruk.

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Alavi, Morteza S., Robert Bogdan Staszewski, Leo C. N. de Vreede, and John R. Long. "A Wideband 2$\times$ 13-bit All-Digital I/Q RF-DAC." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 62, no. 4 (April 2014): 732–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2014.2307876.

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Van Der Plas, G. A. M., J. Vandenbussche, W. Sansen, M. S. J. Steyaert, and G. G. E. Gielen. "A 14-bit intrinsic accuracy Q/sup 2/ random walk CMOS DAC." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 34, no. 12 (1999): 1708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.808896.

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Park, Sanghyun. "Frame Complexity-Based R-Q Model for Low Bit Rate Video Coding." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2016.11.1.13.

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Ivaniga, Tomáš, and Petr Ivaniga. "Evaluation of the bit error rate and Q-factor in optical networks." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 9, no. 6 (2014): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-09610103.

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Zhan, Zhaowu, Guillaume Villemaud, Florin Hutu, and Jean-Marie Gorce. "Digital I/Q imbalance correction for full-duplex dual-band OFDM radio transceivers." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000811.

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This paper presents a full-duplex dual-band orthogonal frequency division duplexing (OFDM) radio architecture that enables the radio transceiver to be more flexible and provides a viable radio link capacity gain. A simple but practical I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation method, based on the frequency-flat-fading behavior of the self-interference channel, is proposed. The performance of the proposed I/Q imbalance compensation method is evaluated by link level simulation conducted with Advanced Design System and Matlab. The co-simulation results show that the proposed radio transceiver could potentially increase the physical layer transmission rate by four times compared with the conventional radio link at the cost of tolerable loss of bit error rate performance. The I/Q imbalance compensation method can effectively compensate both high and low I/Q imbalance without the problem of algorithm convergence.

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Wang, Gang, He Xin Chen, and Mian Shu Chen. "Research on the Algorithm of Adaptive Loop Filter Based on Flexible Quadtree." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2491.

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The algorithm of adaptive loop filter based on flexible quad tree (Q-ALF) is put forward targeting the problem that deblocking loop filter used by H.264/AVC cant further improve video coding quality. This algorithm, through the original image and the image after deblocking filter, works out wiener filter and selects a wiener filter with optimal size by taking the SAD of the image after Wiener filtering and the original image as RDO cost and based on RDO model, then uses this filter to filtrate the area that needs filtration. Simulation result shows that Q-ALF algorithm can improve the PSNR of the reconstructed image and decrease bit rate; meanwhile, Q-ALF algorithm can better eliminate blocking effect, improving the subjective performance of the reconstructed image.

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Hambali, Akhmad, and Brian Pamukti. "Bidirectional Network in Hybrid Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiplexing (CWDM/TDM) on NG-PON2 for 40 Gbps." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 19, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v19.13-19.

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In this research, we propose hybrid Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiplexing (CWDM/TDM)-Passive Optical Networks (PON) scheme for optimizing the new technology of Gigabit-PON (GPON) called Next Generation-PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2). The simulation of using this scheme proved that Q-Factor increase and Bit Error Rate (BER) decreased, significantly. We use CWDM scheme for downstream while TDM is used for upstream, and we assimilate both of them with new configuration in bidirectional cable setting. CWDM is used due to low nonlinearity effect like Kerr effects. It has the same working principle based on (Time Wavelength Division Multiplexing-PON) TWDM-PON by differentiating the use of wavelength, it can be easily implemented on existing PON technology, and can be used in single-mode optical fiber (SMF) with greater bandwidth and much cheaper operational costs. From the calculations and simulations, it can be analyzed that the network Hybrid of CWDM / TDM-PON able to work on bit rate of 40/10 Gbps on the number of users 32, 64, and 128, with Q-Factor value is above 6 equal to International Telecommunication Union of Telecommunication (ITU-T) standard. The number of users 32 with two cable lengths of 10 and 20 km have value of Q-Factor 25.960 and 14.815 respectively, while64 users with the same cable length have Q-Factor value of 15.808 and 13.046 respectively. In addition, 128 users with the same cable length have BER value of 17.778 and 12.944 respectively.

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M. A. Eid, Mahmoud, Ashraf S. Seliem, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed, Mohamed Yassin Ali, and Shaimaa S. Abaza. "The key management of direct/external modulation semiconductor laser response systems for relative intensity noise control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp968-977.

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<p><span>This study outlines the management of either direct or external modulation semiconductor laser systems for the key solution of bit rate up to 25 Gb/s under relative intensity noise (RIN) control. The bias and modulation peak currents based laser rate equations are optimized to achieve max Q factor and min bit error rate (BER) using first proposed model and optical/electrical signal power, optical/electrical signal to noise ratio are also enhanced using second proposed model. The percentage enhancement ratio in max. Q-factor and min. BER using first proposed model ranges from 53.25 % to 71.63 % in compared to the previous model. In the same way, by using second proposed model, the electrical signal power at optical receiver is enhanced within the range of 48.66 % to 68.88 % in compared to the previous model. Optical signal/noise ratio (OSNR) after optical fiber cable (OFC), signal/noise ratio (SNR) after electrical filter are measured with using different electrical pulse generators and electrical modulators at the optimization stage. The first proposed model reported better max. Q and min. BER values than the previous model. In addition to the second proposed model (direct modulation) has outlined better optical/electrical signal power than the previous model, while max. Q, min. BER values are kept constant. It is found that non return to zero pulse generator has presented better signal power than other pulse generators by using second proposed model. As well as the mixed of raised cosine pulse generator with external modulator reported max. Q, min. BER with other pulse generators by using first proposed model. OSNR at OFC is optimized by using continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) electrical modulator, While SNR at optical receiver is optimized by using phase shift keying (PSK) electrical modulator.</span></p>

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Shehata, Mohamed I., M. Asmaa Zaki, Heba A. Fayed, Ahmed Abd El Aziz, and Moustafa H. Aly. "Optical Inter-Satellite Link over Low Earth Orbit: Enhanced Performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2128, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012001.

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Abstract Space communication systems are traditionally operated with microwave in satellite-to-satellite links. Now, more efficient and reliable operation is required, which lead to use optical links for Inter Satellite Links (ISLs). This paper investigates the system performance of an optical ISL proposed between satellites over Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In this study, the proposed link is simulated to obtain a maximum bit rate and minimum bit error rate (BER) over different links distances. The system performance is improved by investigating its dependency on the photo detector type, operating wavelength, transmitted optical power, RZ and NRZ schemes. Our work results that best Q- factor are approximately 40 leading to a minimum BER for the LEO orbit, at 600 km when utilizing an APD. While at our investigation of the system performance at visible light bands, it is found that Q-factor will be approximately 60 achieving minimum BER with neglecting the eye-safety precautions in addition to the ability to transmit 2 Gbps at 10−9 BER within many bands.

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Lenin, K. "REDUCTION OF REAL POWER LOSS BY IMPROVED QUANTUM ALGORITHM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i6.2017.2095.

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In this paper, combination of the Q-bit evolutionary search - quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and binary bit evolutionary search - genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) has been done to solve the reactive power problem & termed as Improved Quantum Algorithm (IQA). Proposed IQA can be viewed as a kind of hybridization of micro-space based search and macro-space based search, which augments the penetrating behavior to augment and balance the exploration and exploitation aptitudes in the whole searching space. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed IQA algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 57,118 bus systems and compared to other standard algorithms.

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Shi, Xianhua, Yimao Sun, Jie Tian, Maolin Chen, Youjiang Liu, Nan Xie, and Jian Zhang. "BER Performance Analysis of Non-Coherent Q-Ary Pulse Position Modulation Receivers on AWGN Channel." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 6102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186102.

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This paper introduces the structure of a Q-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) signal and presents a noncoherent suboptimal receiver and a noncoherent optimal receiver. Aiming at addressing the lack of an accurate theoretical formula of the bit error rate (BER) of a Q-ary PPM receiver in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel in the existing literature, the theoretical formulas of the BER of a noncoherent suboptimal receiver and noncoherent optimal receiver are derived, respectively. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical formulas. The theoretical formulas can be applied to a Q-ary PPM system including binary PPM. In addition, the analysis shows that the larger the Q, the better the error performance of the receiver and that the error performance of the optimal receiver is about 2 dB better than that of the suboptimal receiver. The relationship between the threshold coefficient of the suboptimal receiver and the error performance is also given.

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Zhang, Qin, and Zhi Bin Zeng. "Simulation Analysis on DPD Performance with DC Offset." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4108.

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DC offset of the input analog signal I and Q of quadrature modulator which is as DAC and RF channel interface will affect bit error rate (BER) of the system, the quality of the emission signals and the overall effect of DPD[. This paper focuses on the influences of non-ideal characteristics quadradure modulator on DPD technology.

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Kim, Cheonshik, Ching-Nung Yang, and Lu Leng. "High-Capacity Data Hiding for ABTC-EQ Based Compressed Image." Electronics 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040644.

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We present a new data hiding method based on Adaptive BTC Edge Quantization (ABTC-EQ) using an optimal pixel adjustment process (OPAP) to optimize two quantization levels. The reason we choose ABTC-EQ as a cover media is that it is superior to AMBTC in maintaining a high-quality image after encoding is executed. ABTC-EQ is represented by a form of t r i o ( Q 1 , Q 2 , [ Q 3 ] , BM) where Q is quantization levels ( Q 1 ≤ Q 2 ≤ Q 3 ) , and BM is a bitmap). The number of quantization levels are two or three, depending on whether the cover image has an edge or not. Before embedding secret bits in every block, we categorize every block into smooth block or complex block by a threshold. In case a block size is 4x4, the sixteen secret bits are replaced by a bitmap of the smooth block for embedding a message directly. On the other hand, OPAP method conceals 1 bit into LSB and 2LSB respectively, and maintains the quality of an image as a way of minimizing the errors which occur in the embedding procedure. The sufficient experimental results demonsrate that the performance of our proposed scheme is satisfactory in terms of the embedding capacity and quality of an image.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Q-bit'

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