Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pyu'

The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma from the middle of the first millennium BC to the Bagan period in the 13th-14th century AD is a landscape of continuity. Finds of polished stone and bronze artifacts suggest the existence of early metal-using cultures in the Chindwin and Samon River Valleys, and along parts of the Ayeyarwady plain. Increasing technological and settlement complexity in the Samon Valley suggests that a distinctive culture whose agricultural and trade success can be read in the archaeological record of the Late Prehistoric period developed there. The appearance of the early urban �Pyu� system of walled central places during the early first millennium AD seems to have involved a spread of agricultural and management skills and population from the Samon. The leaders of the urban centres adopted Indic symbols and Sanskrit modes of kingship to enhance and extend their authority. The early urban system was subject over time to a range of stresses including siltation of water systems, external disruption and social changes as Buddhist notions of leadership eclipsed Brahmanical ones. The archaeological evidence indicates that a settlement was forming at Bagan during the last centuries of the first millennium AD. By the mid 11th century Bagan began to dominate Upper Burma, and the region began a transition from a system of largely autonomous city states to a centralised kingdom. Inscriptions of the 11th to 13th centuries indicate that as the Bagan Empire expanded it subsumed the agricultural lands that had been developed by the Pyu.

The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma from the middle of the first millennium BC to the Bagan period in the 13th-14th century AD is a landscape of continuity. Finds of polished stone and bronze artifacts suggest the existence of early metal-using cultures in the Chindwin and Samon River Valleys, and along parts of the Ayeyarwady plain. Increasing technological and settlement complexity in the Samon Valley suggests that a distinctive culture whose agricultural and trade success can be read in the archaeological record of the Late Prehistoric period developed there. The appearance of the early urban "Pyu" system of walled central places during the early first millennium AD seems to have involved a spread of agricultural and management skills and population from the Samon. The leaders of the urban centres adopted Indic symbols and Sanskrit modes of kingship to enhance and extend their authority. The early urban system was subject over time to a range of stresses including siltation of water systems, external disruption and social changes as Buddhist notions of leadership eclipsed Brahmanical ones. The archaeological evidence indicates that a settlement was forming at Bagan during the last centuries of the first millennium AD. By the mid 11th century Bagan began to dominate Upper Burma, and the region began a transition from a system of largely autonomous city states to a centralised kingdom. Inscriptions of the 11th to 13th centuries indicate that as the Bagan Empire expanded it subsumed the agricultural lands that had been developed by the Pyu.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.<br>"A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for admission to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Sydney, 2004" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

La sequía y la salinidad representan estreses ambientales que afectan de forma crítica el crecimiento de las plantas y limitan enormemente su potencial agrícola. La fitohormona ácido abcísico (ABA) juega un papel fundamental en la coordinación de la respuesta y adaptación de las plantas a este tipo de estreses, así como en la regulación del crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal. Elementos intermediarios de la ruta de señalización ya habían sido caracterizados, pero aún se desconocía el mecanismo de percepción y transducción de señal de la hormona. Este trabajo de tesis ha contribuido a la caracterización de una nueva familia de receptores intracelulares de la hormona ABA, formada por 14 miembros y denominada PYR/PYL (de pyrabactin resistance / PYR1-like) /RCAR (de Regulatory Component of Abscisic acid Receptor), y a su caracterización estructural y bioquímica. Estas proteínas son capaces de unir de forma específica la hormona ABA. La unión de la hormona induce en estos receptores un cambio conformacional, que les permite regular la actividad de los reguladores negativos de la ruta: fosfatasas del grupo A como ABI1, ABI2 o HAB1 ( Leung et al., 1994; Meyer et al.,1994; Saez et al., 2004). Para la caracterización de estos receptores se han llevado a cabo abordajes genéticos, bioquímicos, de calorimetría y estudios estructurales.<br>Santiago Cuéllar, J. (2011). Structural insights into ABA perception and signalling: structure of ABA receptor PYR1 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/13260<br>Palancia

[ES] El crecimiento de las plantas se ve afectado por el estrés abiótico, sequía, salinidad o altas temperaturas. La transducción de señales de estrés abiótico es fundamental para generar una respuesta fisiológica adecuada, que implica la participación de diferentes hormonas vegetales, siendo el ácido abscísico (ABA) el regulador hormonal crítico en la regulación de la respuesta de la planta a situaciones de estrés por déficit hídrico. La vía de señalización de ABA y los componentes principales están bien caracterizados molecular y bioquímicamente. Los receptores de ABA "Pyrabactin Resistance 1"(PYR)/"PYR1-LIKE" (PYL)/ "Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor" (RCAR) juegan un papel importante en la regulación cuantitativa de la señalización ABA tanto en semillas como en tejidos vegetativos. Aunque la función bioquímica de los receptores PYR/PYL/RCARs de ABA, está bien caracterizada, se conoce poco sobre otros aspectos con relevancia biológica, como sus modificaciones postraduccionales o la regulación de su vida media. Uno de los avances recientes en este campo ha sido el descubrimiento de una nueva familia de E3 ligasas llamadas RSL1/RFAs ("RING-finger-ABA-related") que consta de al menos 10 miembros, reguladores clave de la estabilidad de los receptores PYR/PYL/RCAR de ABA en tejidos de raíces y hojas, regulando su degradación en diferentes ubicaciones celulares. Un estudio detallado de esta familia génica reveló que RSL1/RFA se caracterizan estructuralmente por la presencia de tres dominios RING putativos en tándem, denominados "RING1-IN BETWEEN RING-RING2" (RBR), y en consecuencia pertenecen a la familia de E3 ligasas de tipo RBR. Cinco miembros de la familia RSL1/RFA, RSL1 y RFA6-RFA9, contienen un dominio TM en el extremo C-terminal, lo que sugiere que RFA6-RFA9 también se localizan en la membrana plasmática. Sin embargo, otros miembros de las E3 ligasas como RFA1-RFA5 carecen del dominio TM C-terminal y su caracterización funcional, así como su ubicación celular, aún no se conocen. Nosotros mostramos que la E3 ligasa RFA1 se localiza en núcleo y citosol, mientras que RFA4 muestra una localización específica en el núcleo promoviendo la degradación nuclear de los receptores ABA. Por lo tanto, los miembros de la familia RSL1/RFA interactúan con los receptores ABA en la membrana plasmática, el citosol y el núcleo, dirigiéndolos a su degradación a través de la vía endosomal/vacuolar (en el caso de RSL1) o el proteosoma 26S (para RFA1 y RFA4). Proporcionamos información sobre la función fisiológica de estas E3 ligasas de tipo RBR. Realizando tanto mutagénesis como ensayos bioquímicos para identificar la cisteína 361 (Cys361) en RFA4 como la Cys del sitio activo, que es una característica distintiva de las E3 ligasas de tipo RBR. Demostramos mediante análisis de inmunotransferencia del mutante con pérdida de función de rfa1rfa4 que los niveles endógenos de los receptores de ABA PYR1 y PYL4 aumentan en comparación con las plantas de tipo silvestre. Hemos identificado una enzima E2, "Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme 26" (UBC26), como la enzima nuclear canónica E2 que interactúa con la E3 ligasa RFA4 y forma complejos UBC26-RFA4-Receptor, formando agregados nucleares. Generamos alelos ubc26 con pérdida de función que mostraban una mayor sensibilidad a ABA y acumulación de receptores ABA en comparación con el tipo silvestre. En definitiva, hemos revelado un sofisticado sistema de ubiquitinación de receptores ABA en diferentes ubicaciones subcelulares llevado a cabo a través de la familia de E3 ligasas RSL1/RFA de tipo RBR. Por otro lado, hemos iniciado pruebas bioquímicas para identificar la S-acilación en el dominio TM de RSL1. Generando RSL1C334S, RSL1 C5S y RSL1C6S mediante mutagénesis y RSL1ΔTM que presenta una delección del dominio TM. Los estudios iniciales han demostrado que los residuos de Cys cercanos al dominio TM están S-acilados. Finalmente, generamos nu<br>[CA] El creixement de les plantes es pot veure afectat per l'estrès abiòtic, sequera, salinitat o altes temperatures. La transducció de senyals d'estrès abiòtic és fonamental per a generar una resposta fisiològica adequada, que implica la participació de diferents hormones vegetals, sent l'àcid abscísic (ABA) el regulador hormonal crític en la regulació de la resposta de la planta a situacions d'estrès per dèficit hídric. La ruta de senyalització d'ABA i els components principals de la ruta estan ben caracteritzats molecularment i bioquímica. Els receptors "Pyrabactin Resistance 1"(PYR)/"PYR1-LIKE"(PYL)/"Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor" (RCAR) exerceixen un paper important en la regulació quantitativa en resposta a l'estrès tant en llavors com en planta. Encara que la funció bioquímica dels receptors PYR/PYL/RCARs d'ABA, està ben caracteritzada en els últims anys, es coneix poc sobre altres aspectes amb rellevància biològica, com les seues modificacions postraduccionals o la regulació de la seua vida mitjana. Un dels avanços recents en aquest camp ha sigut el descobriment d'una nova família d'E3 ligases anomenades RSL1/RFAs ("RING-finger-ABA-related") que consta d'almenys 10 membres, que són reguladors clau de l'estabilitat dels receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR d'ABA en teixits d'arrels i fulles, regulant la seua degradació en diferents ubicacions cel·lulars. Un estudi més detallat d'aquesta família gènica va revelar que RSL1/RFAs es caracteritzen estructuralment per la presència de tres dominis RING putatius en tàndem, denominats "RING1-IN BETWEEN RING-RING2" (RBR), i en conseqüència pertanyen a la família d'E3 ligases de tipus RBR. Cinc membres de la família RSL1/RFA, RSL1 i RFA6-RFA9, contenen un domini TM en l'extrem C-terminal, la qual cosa suggereix que RFA6-RFA9 també es localitzen en la membrana plasmàtica. No obstant això, altres membres d'aquesta família d'E3 ligases com RFA1-RFA5 manquen del domini TM C-terminal i la seua caracterització funcional, així com la seua ubicació cel·lular, encara no ha sigut investigada. Vam mostrar que l'E3 ligasa RFA1 es localitza tant en el nucli com en el citosol, mentre que RFA4 mostra una localització específica en el nucli promovent la degradació nuclear dels receptors ABA. Per tant, els membres de la família RSL1/RFA interactuen amb els receptors ABA en la membrana plasmàtica, el citosol i el nucli, dirigint-los a la seua degradació a través de la vía endosomal/vacuolar (en el cas de RSL1) o el proteosoma 26S (per a RFA1 i RFA4). Proporcionem informació sobre la funció fisiològica d'aquestes E3 ligases de tipus RBR. Realitzant tant mutagènesis com a assajos bioquímics per a identificar la cisteïna 361 (Cys361) en RFA4 com la Cys del lloc actiu, que és una característica distintiva de les E3 ligases de tipus RBR. Hem demostrat mitjançant una anàlisi d'immuno-transferència del mutant amb pèrdua de funció de rfa1rfa4 que els nivells endògens dels receptors d'ABA PYR1 i PYL4 augmenten en comparació amb les plantes de tipus silvestre. D'altra banda, hem identificat un enzim E2, "Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme 26" (UBC26), com l'enzim nuclear canònic E2 que interactua amb l'E3 ligasa RFA4 i forma complexos UBC26-RFA4-Receptor, formant agregats nuclears. També generem al·lels ubc26 amb pèrdua de funció que mostraven una major sensibilitat a ABA i acumulació de receptors ABA en comparació amb el tipus silvestre. En definitiva, hem revelat un sofisticat sistema d'ubiquitinació de receptors ABA en diferents ubicacions subcel·lulars dut a terme a través de la família d'E3 ligases RSL1/RFA de tipus RBR. Hem iniciat proves bioquímiques per a identificar la S-acilació en el domini TM de RSL1. Hem generat RSL1C334S, RSL1 C5S i RSL1C6S mitjançant mutagènesis, així com RSL1ΔTM que presenta una delecció del domini TM. Els estudis inicials han demostrat que els residus de Cys pròxims al domini TM estan S-acilados. Final<br>[EN] Plant growth is affected by abiotic stress, drought, salinity or high temperature. Signal transduction of abiotic stress is crucial to generate an appropriated physiological response, which involves the participation of different plant hormones, being abscisic acid (ABA) the critical hormonal regulator in regulating the plant's response to situations of stress due to water deficit. The ABA signaling pathway and the major components of the pathway are well characterized molecularly and biochemically. Pyrabactin Resistance 1 (PYR)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor (RCAR) ABA receptors play an important role in quantitative regulation of ABA signaling both in seeds and vegetative tissues. Although the biochemical function of the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors has been well established in recent years, little is known about other aspects with biological relevance, such as their post-translational modifications or the regulation of their half-life. One of the recent advances in this field has been the discovery of a new family of E3 ligases called RSL1/RFAs (RING-finger-ABA-related) that consists of at least 10 members, which are key regulators of the stability of PYR/PYL/RCARs in root and leaf tissues, and regulate the degradation of ABA receptors at different cellular locations. Further inspection of the gene family revealed that RSL1/RFAs are structurally characterized by the presence of three putative RING domains in tandem, named as RING1-IN BETWEEN RING (IBR)-RING2, and accordingly they belong to the RBR-type E3 ligase family. Five members of the RSL1/RFA family, that is, RSL1 and RFA6-RFA9, contain a TM domain at the C-terminal end of the proteins, which suggests that RFA6-RFA9 are also localized in plasma membrane. However, other members of this family of E3 ligases such as RFA1-RFA5 lack the C-terminal TM domain and their functional characterization, as well as their cellular location, has not been investigated yet. In this study we show that the E3 ligase RFA1 is localized both in the nucleus and in the cytosol, while RFA4 shows a specific localization in the nucleus promoting the nuclear degradation of ABA receptors. Therefore, we members of the RSL1/RFA family interact with ABA receptors at the plasma membrane, cytosol and nucleus, targeting them for degradation via the endosomal/vacuolar pathway (in the case of RSL1) or the 26S- proteasome (for RFA1 and RFA4). We provide information on the physiological function of these RBR-type E3 ligases, which are hardly explored in plants. Additionally, we performed mutagenesis and biochemical assays to identify Cys361 in RFA4 as the active site cysteine, which is a distinctive feature of RBR-type E3 ligases. We have shown by immunoblot analysis of the rfa1rfa4 loss-of-function mutant that endogenous levels of ABA receptors PYR1 and PYL4 are increased compared to wild-type plants. On the other hand, we have identified an E2 enzyme, Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme 26 (UBC26), as the canonical nuclear enzyme E2 that interacts with the E3 ligase RFA4 and forms UBC26-RFA4-Receptor complexes, forming nuclear aggregates. We also generated loss-of function ubc26 alleles that exhibited higher sensitivity to ABA and accumulation of ABA receptors compared to wild type. We have revealed a sophisticated ubiquitination system of ABA receptors in different subcellular locations carried out through the RBR-type RSL1/RFA family of E3 ligases. We have proceeded with the biochemical and genetic study of the different members of the family. We have started biochemical tests to identify the S-acylation in the TM domain of RSL1. To this end, we have generated RSL1C334S, RSL1 C5S and RSL1C6S by mutagenesis as well as RSL1ΔTM, a deletion of the TM domain. Initial studies have shown that Cys residues close to the TM domain are S-acylated. Finally, we have also generated new combined mutants: rsl1rfa1, rsl1rfa5, rfa1rfa5 and rsl1rfa1rfa5.<br>Fernández López, MA. (2021). Regulación de la señalización del ABA mediante mecanismos que controlan vida media y actividad de los receptores PYR/PYL [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172364<br>TESIS

[EN] ABSTRACT Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a critical role in regulating root growth and root system architecture. ABA-mediated growth promotion and root tropic response under water stress are key responses for plant survival under limiting water conditions. In this work, we have explored the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors (PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1 LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS) for root ABA signaling. As a result, we discovered that PYL8 plays a nonredundant role for the regulation of root ABA sensitivity. Unexpectedly, given the multigenic nature and partial functional redundancy observed in the PYR/PYL family, the single pyl8 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to ABA-mediated root growth inhibition. This effect was due to the lack of PYL8-mediated inhibition of several clade A phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs), since PYL8 interacted in vivo with at least five PP2Cs, namely HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA1 (HAB1), HAB2, ABAINSENSITIVE1 (ABI1), ABI2, and PP2CA/ABA-HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION3 as revealed by tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry proteomic approaches. Membrane-delimited abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction plays a critical role in early ABA signaling, but the molecular mechanisms linking core signaling components to the plasma membrane are unclear. We show that transient calciumdependent interactions of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors with membranes are mediated through a 10-member family of C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we found that PYL4 interacted in an ABA-independent manner with CAR1 in both the plasma membrane and nucleus of plant cells. CAR1 belongs to a plant-specific gene family encoding CAR1 to CAR10 proteins, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that PYL4-CAR1 as well as other PYR/PYL-CAR pairs interacted in plant cells. The crystal structure of CAR4 was solved, which revealed that, in addition to a classical calcium-dependent lipid binding C2 domain, a specific CAR signature is likely responsible for the interaction with PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors and their recruitment to phospholipid vesicles. This interaction is relevant for PYR/PYL/RCAR function and ABA signaling, since different car triple mutants affected in CAR1, CAR4, CAR5, and CAR9 genes showed reduced sensitivity to ABA in seedling establishment and root growth assays. In summary, we identified PYR/PYL/RCAR-interacting partners that mediate a transient Ca2+-dependent interaction with phospholipid vesicles, which affects PYR/PYL/RCAR subcellular localization and positively regulates ABA signaling.<br>[ES] RESUMEN La señalización por la hormona vegetal ácido abscísico (ABA) desempeña un papel crítico en la regulación del crecimiento de la raíz y en la arquitectura del sistema radical. La promoción de crecimiento de la raíz en condiciones de estrés hídrico mediada por ABA es clave para la supervivencia de las plantas bajo condiciones limitantes de agua. En este trabajo, hemos explorado el papel de los receptores PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1 LIKE (PYL)/ REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS) de Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) en la ruta de señalización de ABA en raíz. Así, hemos descubierto que el receptor de ABA PYL8 juega un papel no redundante en la regulación de la percepción de ABA en raíz. Inesperadamente, dada la naturaleza multigénica y la redundancia funcional parcial observada en la familia PYR/PYL/RCAR, el mutante pyl8 fue el único mutante sencillo de pérdida de función de los receptores PYR/PYL/RCAR que mostraba una sensibilidad reducida a la inhibición del crecimiento mediada por ABA en raíz. Este efecto se debe a la falta de inhibición mediada por PYL8 de varias fosfatasas del grupo A tipo 2C (PP2Cs), ya que PYL8 es capaz de interactuar in vivo con al menos cinco PP2Cs, denominadas HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA1 (HAB1), HAB2, ABAINSENSITIVE1 (ABI1), ABI2, and PP2CA/ABA-HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION3 según lo han revelado la purificación por afinidad en tándem (TAP por sus siglas en inglés) y estudios proteómicos de espectrometría de masas. La transducción de la señal del ABA localizada en la membrana plasmática celular juega un papel crucial en los pasos iniciales de la señalización de la fitohormona, pero los mecanismos moleculares que unen los componentes básicos de la señalización y la membrana plasmática no están claros. Estudiando las interacciones de los receptores del ABA PYR/PYL/RCAR con la membrana plasmática hemos encontrado que éstos pueden interaccionar transitoriamente con ella de forma dependiente de calcio gracias a una familia de proteínas con dominios C2 relacionadas con la ruta de señalización de ABA (denominadas C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins). Específicamente, se encontró que PYL4 interacciona de manera independiente de ABA con CAR1 tanto en la membrana plasmática como en el núcleo de las células vegetales. La proteína CAR1 pertenece a una familia multigénica constituida por 10 miembros en Arabidopsis thaliana, desde CAR1 hasta CAR10, y que solo se encuentra en plantas. Los ensayos de complementación bi-molecular de fluorescencia y de co-immunoprecipitación confirmaron la interacción en células vegetales tanto de PYL4-CAR1 como de otras parejas de PYR/PYL-CAR. La cristalización de la proteína CAR4 reveló que, además de un dominio C2 clásico de unión a lípidos dependiente de calcio, las proteínas de la familia CAR presentan un dominio específico que probablemente es responsable de la interacción con los receptores PYR/PYL/RCAR y de su posterior reclutamiento a las vesículas de fosfolípidos. Esta interacción es relevante para la función de los receptores PYR/PYL/RCAR en la señalización del ABA, ya que diferentes mutantes triples car de pérdida de función, que tienen afectados los genes CAR1, CAR4, CAR5, y CAR9, demostraron una reducción de la sensibilidad al ABA en ensayos de establecimiento de plántula y crecimiento de la raíz. En resumen, hemos identificado nueva familia de proteínas que son capaces mediar las interacciones transitorias dependientes de Ca2+ con vesículas de fosfolípidos, lo que a su vez afecta localización de PYR/PYL/RCAR y regula positivamente la señalización de ABA.<br>[CAT] RESUM La senyalització per l'hormona vegetal àcid abcíssic (ABA) exerceix un paper crític en la regulació del creixement de l'arrel i també en l'arquitectura del sistema radical. La promoció del creixement de l'arrel en condicions d'estrés hídric, regulada per ABA és clau per la supervivència de les plantes sota condicions limitants d'aigua. Amb aquest treball, hem investigat el paper dels receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1 LIKE (PYL)/ REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS) d'Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) en el camí de senyalització d'ABA en arrel. Així, hem descobert que el receptor d'ABA PYL8 exerceix un paper no redundant en la regulació de la percepció d'ABA en arrel. Inesperadament, donada la naturalesa multigènica i la redundància funcional parcial que s'observa en la família PYR/PYL/RCAR, el mutant pyl8 va ser l'únic mutant senzill de pèrdua de funció dels receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR que mostrava una sensibilitat reduïda a la inhibició del creixement mitjançada per l'ABA en l'arrel. Doncs aquest efecte es deu a la falta d'inhibició regulada per PYL8 de diverses fosfatases del grup A tipus 2C (PP2Cs), ja que PYL8 té la capacitat d'interactuar in vivo almenys amb cinc PP2Cs, anomenades HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA1 (HAB1), HAB2, ABAINSENSITIVE1 (ABI1), ABI2, and PP2CA/ABAHYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION3 segons ho han revelat per una banda la purificació per afinitat en tàndem (TAP són les seues sigles en anglés) i per altra banda, estudis proteòmics d'espectrometria de masses. Pel que fa a la transducció del senyal del l'ABA, la qual es localitza en la membrana plasmàtica cel¿lular, juga un paper molt important en els primers instants de la senyalització de la fitohormona, no obstant això els mecanismes moleculars que uneixen els components bàsics d'aquesta senyalització amb la membrana plasmàtica, no es troben del tot clars. Per tant, s'han estudiat les interaccions que tenen els receptors del ABA PYR/PYL/RCAR amb la membrana plasmàtica, i hem trobat que aquests tenen la capacitat d'interaccionar transitòriament amb la membrana de forma dependent al calci, gràcies a una família de proteïnes amb domini C2, les quals es troben relacionades amb la ruta de senyalització d'ABA(anomenades C2domain ABArelated (CAR) proteins).Específicament, es va trobar que PYL4 interacciona d'una manera independent al ABA amb CAR1, tant en la membrana plasmàtica, com en el nucli de les cèl¿lules vegetals. La proteïna CAR1 pertany a la família multigènica constituïda per 10 components en Arabidopsis thaliana, des de CAR1 fins CAR10, que tan sols es troba en plantes. Els assajos de complementació bimolecular de fluorescència i de co-immunoprecipitació, van confirmar la interacció en cèl¿lules vegetals, tant de PYL4CAR1 com d'altres parelles de PYR/PYL-CAR. La cristal¿lització de la proteïna CAR4 va revelar que, a més d'un domini C2 clàssic de unió a lípids dependent del calci, les proteïnes de la família CAR presenten un domini PYR/PYL/RCAR, i del seu posterior reclutament a les vesícules fosfolipídiques. Doncs, aquesta interacció és rellevant en la funció dels receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR, ja que participa en la senyalització del l'ABA. Aquesta interacció es clau per a la funció dels receptors, ja que diferents mutants triples car de pèrdua de funció, els quals posseïxen afectats els gens CAR1, CAR4, CAR5 i CAR9, van mostrar una reducció de la sensibilitat a l'ABA en assajos d'establiment de plàntula i creixement de l'arrel. En conclusió, hem identificat una nova família de proteïnes amb la capacitat d'organitzar les interaccions transitòries dependents del calci amb vesícules de fosfolípids, fet que al seu torn afecta la localització de PYR/PYL/RCAR i regula positivament la senyalització d'ABA.<br>Rodríguez Solovey, LN. (2015). IDENTIFICATION OF TARGETS AND AUXILIARY PROTEINS OF PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA RECEPTORS: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES TYPE 2C (PP2Cs) AND C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED PROTEINS (CARs) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58862<br>TESIS

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Urbanismo, historia e arquitetura da cidade<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T01:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 252584.pdf: 73390051 bytes, checksum: 63815ec0bc870e2001e75e5fae0e80dc (MD5)<br>Esta pesquisa aborda como a madeira tem sido utilizada na produção da arquitetura em algumas regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina. Num primeiro momento, apresenta-se uma conceituação sobre o material e os produtos para a construção que dele derivam e as diferentes técnicas construtivas envolvendo sua utilização. Para compreender a produção de arquitetura em madeira elaborou-se um breve histórico reconhecendo sua utilização na América Latina e no Brasil, com um enfoque maior para a região sul do país. Questões políticas sobre o déficit habitacional e questões ambientais também estão sendo consideradas nesta pesquisa, uma vez que a madeira pode estar envolvida com a primeira questão e está diretamente relacionada às questões que envolvem o meio-ambiente. Estudos de casos de arquitetura popular e arquitetura erudita em madeira são apresentados como exemplos do duplo papel assumido por este material.<br>This research focuses on how wood is being used in the production of architecture in some regions of the state of Santa Catarina. Firstly, the materials and related products, as well as the many different construction techniques in which they are used, are conceptualized. A brief history of the production of wood architecture in Latin America and more specifically Brazil (focusing above all on the south region) is then offered. Political issues such as housing shortage and environmental concerns are also taken into account, given that wood may be involved in the first and is directly related to the latter. Case studies of popular and scholarly architecture are presented to illustrate the double role assumed by this material

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) applications on power grid monitoring systems have been implemented since the early ninetyâ s. Large monitoring system network performance relies on the consistent measurements of PMUs across the system. This has become a major challenge for designers since large networks use PMUs from various manufacturers who likely implement different synchrophasor technologies to perform the phasor estimations. The current synchrophasor standard, the IEEE C37.118-2005 Synchrophasor Standard, covers adequately the steady-state characterization of PMUs but does not specify transient condition requirements. The North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) has developed a guide outlining the several tests required for dynamic characterization of PMUs. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed two PMU testing stands for steady-state conformance with the current standard and for dynamic performance testing. Since May 2010, Virginia Tech has been working closely with the NIST in developing a PMU testing system similar to the NIST designs for commercial testing of PMUs and research purposes, the Virginia Tech Calibration System. This thesis focuses on assessing the system accuracy differences between the designs, and the software interface modifications to adapt the new hardware.<br>Master of Science

Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-21T13:57:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tânia Veiga Judar.pdf: 4540035 bytes, checksum: 8993ef83d5fc2ffed3546618ad02c619 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T13:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tânia Veiga Judar.pdf: 4540035 bytes, checksum: 8993ef83d5fc2ffed3546618ad02c619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation discusses the Pau Brasil work, written by Oswald de Andrade, and published in 1925, from the perspective of its configuration as an object book, that is, one that is part of visual arts and literature. Therefore, the research highlights the connection between the poetry of Oswald de Andrade and the artistic work of Tarsila do Amaral, as well as the graphic and conceptual design of such work. In the face of the innovative trends of the late nineteenth century and of the early twentieth century vanguards, and the cultural context lived by the author, the Pau Brasil work and the artistic and literary procedures that form it were analyzed, in order to establish a significant interarts dialogue. In order to contextualize and to support the study, aspects of the creation of the object book were addressed, assessing the difficulties of its conceptualization, as well as the connections established with the artistic vanguards - Futurism, Cubism, and particularly, Dadaism - and with works that, in a certain way, anticipated some of the characteristics of the Pau Brasil object book. The analysis of poems "enlightened" by Tarsila drawings unfolded the object book nature of Pau Brasil to the extent that the book is configured as a hybrid body, prepared with mixed and unusual materials when compared with the concept of poetry books – daily speeches fragments, advertisements, colonial history books excerpts, illustrations - in which the printing graphic materiality, the poems, the cover and the drawings are "aesthetic facts" not only to be read and seen, but to be touched and handled in a critical-parodic set<br>A presente dissertação analisa a obra Pau Brasil, de Oswald de Andrade, publicada em 1925, sob a perspectiva da sua configuração como livro-objeto, isto é, aquele que se inscreve entre as artes visuais e a literatura. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa evidencia a relação entre a poética de Oswald de Andrade e o trabalho artístico de Tarsila do Amaral, bem como a concepção gráfica e conceitual da referida obra. Diante das inovadoras tendências das vanguardas do fim do século XIX e início do século XX, e do contexto cultural vivido pelo autor, analisamos o livro Pau Brasil e os procedimentos artístico-literários que o compõem, de modo a constatar um significativo diálogo interartes. Para contextualizar e embasar o estudo, abordamos aspectos da construção do livro-objeto, avaliando as dificuldades de sua conceituação, bem como as relações que estabelece com as vanguardas artísticas – futurismo, cubismo e dadaísmo especialmente - e com obras que, de certa maneira, anteciparam algumas das peculiaridades do livro-objeto Pau Brasil. A análise dos poemas “iluminados” pelos desenhos de Tarsila revelou o caráter de livro-objeto de Pau Brasil na medida em que o livro se configura como um corpo híbrido, feito por materiais diversos e estranhos ao conceito de livro de poemas - recortes de falas cotidianas, anúncios, trechos de livros da história colonial, ilustrações - no qual a materialidade gráfica da impressão, os poemas, a capa e os desenhos são “fatos estéticos” não apenas para serem lidos e vistos, mas tocados e manipulados em um jogo crítico-paródico

Diplomityöni pohjautuu keväällä 2014 järjestettyyn ”Uusi Puu-Kuopio”-opiskelijakilpailun ehdotukseeni. Suunnitelmaa edelleen kehittämällä ja aihetta taustoittamalla olen tehnyt tämän diplomityöni. Puu-Kuopio-kilpailun tarkoituksena oli tuottaa ratkaisuja keskustakortteleiden täydennysrakentamisen problematiikkaan, kiinnittäen huomiota erityisesti kolmeen osa-alueeseen: Rännikatujen miljöön parantamiseen, kortteleiden yhteispihatilojen kehittämiseen sekä teolliseen täydennysrakentamiseen soveltuvien kaupunkipientalojen asuntoratkaisujen löytämiseen. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli pysäköinnin kokonaisratkaisun löytäminen. Suunnitelma-alue sijaitsee Kuopion keskustan tuntumassa, ruutukaava-alueen lounaisosassa. Lähestyin tehtävänantoa etsimällä ratkaisua, jossa rakennukset sopivat kaupunkikuvalliseen kontekstiin sulautuen luontevaksi osaksi ympäristöään. Tavoitteena oli lisätä kaupunkikuvaan rakennuskannan moniulotteisuutta ja historiallista kerroksellisuutta. Täydennysrakentamissuunnitelman ideana on eheyttää rännikatujen pitkää historiallista jatkumoa tuomalla ihmisen mittakaavaan sopivaa, pienimuotoista rakentamista takaisin katukuvaan. Suunnitelma on ennakkoluuloton tulkinta modernista, tilallisesti rikkaasta asuin- ja kaupunkiympäristöstä. Korttelialuetta rakennuksineen ja suunnitelmaa asuntoineen on tutkittu mittakaavoissa 1:5000–1:100. Korttelin täydennysrakennussuunnitelmassa erottuu seuraavat periaatteet:1. Inhimillisen mittakaavan tuominen rännikatujen varteen. 2. Katutilan tarkoituksenmukainen rajaaminen ja jäsentely 3. Valoisien ja vehreiden pihatilojen muodostaminen. 4. Asuinympäristön viihtyisyyden ja sosiaalisen kestävyyden parantaminen. 5. Korttelin ”hengittävyyden” säilyttäminen, näkymien avaaminen. Lisäksi suunnitelmassa on keskitytty viihtyisien rännikatunäkymien, selkeän tilahierarkian ja toiminnallisesti monipuolisen ympäristön luomiseen. Yhteispihojen ja rännikatuympäristön sosiaalisen kestävyyden tavoite on tuonut korttelipihoille myös monipuolisesti eri ikäryhmille suunnattuja toimintoja palvelemaan niin nykyisiä kuin tuleviakin asukkaita. Asuintilojen ratkaisut on suunnitelmassa toteutettu typologialtaan kahden erilaisen talotyypin variaatioilla: nauhamaisesti kytketyillä kaupunkipientaloilla sekä pienkerrostaloilla. Kapearunkoisina molemmat talotyypit soveltuvat erinomaisesti täydennysrakentamiseen.

L'objectif de la thèse était d'enrichir les connaissances sur les poux de tête et les poux de corps de l'homme. Les poux de tête vivent et pondent leurs œufs à la base des cheveux et sont très répandus chez les enfants dans les écoles. Les poux de corps vivent dans les vêtements et infestent les personnes de milieux sociaux très défavorisés ne permettant pas une hygiène vestimentaire adéquate. Les poux de corps sont vecteurs de trois grandes maladies : le typhus épidémique, la fièvre des tranchées et la fièvre récurrente à poux. Ces insectes hématophages sont étudiés depuis des décennies afin de déterminer si ils constituent deux écotypes de la même espèce ou deux espèces distinctes. Avant l'avènement des techniques de biologie moléculaire, la taxonomie des poux était basée sur leur morphologie et leur biologie. Bien que les différences biologiques décrites entre les poux de tête et les poux de corps ne sont pas toujours cohérentes, il est légitime de penser que leur séparation physique puisse mener à une différenciation spécifique. Certaines études expérimentales ont cependant montré certains cas de migrations de poux de tête vers les vêtements et inversement. Puis, grâce au séquençage du génome du pou, beaucoup de progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières années sur leur phylogénie. Ainsi, sur base de l'ADN mitochondrial, les poux de l'homme sont séparés en trois Clades phylogénétiques : le Clade A qui comprend à fois des poux de tête et des poux de corps et les Clade B et C qui comprennent uniquement des poux de tête<br>The objective of this thesis work was to increase the knowledge of human head lice and body lice. Head lice live and lay their eggs at the base of hair shaft and are found frequently in school going children. Body lice live in clothes and are usually associated with low income persons that do not have adequate clothes hygiene. Body lice are the vector of three major diseases: epidemic typhus, trench fever and relapsing fever. These blood feeding insects have been studied over the past decades to determine whether they are two ecotypes of the same species or two distinct species. Before the advent of molecular biology, taxonomical classification of lice was based on their morphology and biological activities. Although described biological differences between head lice and body lice are not always consistent, their physical separation could lead to species differentiation. However, some experimental studies have shown that in certain cases head lice could migrate to the clothes and vice versa. In the recent years many progress were made in the body louse genome sequencing, and further their phylogenetic classification. Thus, on the basis of mitochondrial DNA, human lice are classified into three phylogenetic clades: Clade A that comprise both head lice and body lice and the Clades B and C that comprise only head lice. This phylogenetic organization clustered into three clades surprisingly shows that head lice of Clade A are closer to body lice than to head lice of Clade B or C. Since body lice serve as vectors of several diseases, in view of this, it is crucial to understand human lice epidemiology

Le theme general de notre etude consiste en une modelisation de l'operation linguistique de quantification de faible degre ("qfd"), operation apparaissant, a plusieurs egards, comme centrale dans la theorie de l'argumentation dans la langue developpee par j. -c. Anscombre et o. Ducrot. Cette etude se donne pour principal objectif de montrer que la quantification de faible degre circonscrit toute une classe de mots, les petits operateurs ("po"), classe dont le prototype est la description de peu un peu et dont parfois, rarement, petit, faible, faiblement et recemment, il y a un petit moment sont quelques occurrences. Nous avons fonde notre modele sur deux hypotheses semantiques fondamentales : (i) peu et un peu sont des synonymes notionnels ; (ii) peu et un peu sont des antonymes argumentatifs. En quelques mots, deux termes quantitatifs sont synonymes notionnels s'ils representent, au niveau profond, le meme ordre de grandeur, la meme notion de quantite, que l'on qualifiera ici de faible. Deux termes quantitatifs sont antonymes argumentatifs si, dans les memes contextes, les enonces comportant de tels mots ne peuvent s'integrer dans des mouvements discursifs identiques : ces derniers doivent etre diametralement opposes. Dans un cas, l'enchainement argumentatif est positif (on parlera alors de po positif et de qfd positive) et dans l'autre, il est negatif (po negatif et qfd negative). La definition du prototype en ces termes nous a conduite a nous poser la question suivante : la quantification par peu un peu, ou plus generalement, la quantification de faible degre est-elle une operation symetrique (modele a deux valeurs symetriques de fonctionnement) ? nous repondrons negativement : la qfd n'est pas une operation semantique symetrique. Il y a emergence d'une troisieme valeur argumentative en plus des valeurs negative et simplement positive. Il s'agit de la valeur positive exhaustive ou maximale qui impose le recours a un troisieme composant descriptif traitant de la structure theme rheme. Elle occupe necessairement la position communicative forte et se rapproche en cela du fonctionnement du negatif dont c'est normalement la position caracteristique. Cela dit, l'analogie avec les po negatifs reste locale a la structure communicative, la valeur argumentative exhaustive est incontestablement positive. Le modele<br>Presente une architecture non pas binaire mais ternaire. Operation : the small degree quantification (qfd). This operation appears as crucial in the theory of argumentation in language evolved by j. -c. Anscombre et o. Ducrot. This study shows that the small degree quantification works for a class of words, the small operators (po) as parfois (sometimes), rarement (rarely). . . We have based our model on two semantic hypothesis : (1) peu un peu (little a little) are notional synonyms ; (2) peu un peu (little a little) are argumentative antonyms. In few words, two terms are notional synonyms if they represent the same order of quantity. Two terms are argumentative antonyms if they appear, in the same context, in opposite argumentative mouvements : one is positive (po+, qfd+) and the other is negative (po-, qfd-). This definition leads us to the following question : is the qfd is a symetric operation ? it seems not. We find a third value in addition to the (simply) positive value and to the negative value. It is the exhaustive or maximal value. This value involve necesseraly to use a communicative component in wich it takes a hight communicative position (like the negative value generally does). In fact, we come to the conclusion that our model of qfd is not binary and symetric but ternary and complementary

Entrepris en 1983, dans le cadre d'une nouvelle thèse, ce travail de recherche en démographie historique concerne une communauté de plus de 3. 000 personnes vivant en moyenne montagne. La reconstitution complète des familles a été faite de 1663 a 1872, aboutissant à plus de 5. 000 fiches de famille de types divers. L'utilisation d'un logiciel informatique, conçu par moi-même a permis d'approfondir tous les aspects classiques du comportement démographique (nuptialité, fécondité, familles, mortalité) selon des catégories sociales bien délimitées. En plus des 40. 000 actes d'état civil concernant la reconstitution, 25. 000 actes de mariage ont été relevés dans quinze communes voisines, huit listes nominatives analysées, ainsi que 30. 000 actes divers, surtout fiscaux et notariaux. Outre des aspects méthodologiques nouveaux permettant une analyse plus large (fiche de famille enrichie, enregistrement des actes sur micro-cassettes, traitement informatique) nos conclusions démontrent une grande stabilité des paramètres fondamentaux démographiques et économiques, se traduisant par une surpopulation constante, à l'interieur d'un système technique de production et d'une transmission du patrimoine sans grands changements, dans le cadre d'une production alimentaire déficitaire et monotone, imposant un recours à la migration sous diverses formes<br>Undertaken in 1983 as part of a new thesis this research work on historical demography concerns a community of more than 3. 000 people living in "the medium mountains". The complete reconstruction of families from 1663 to 1872 was made involving more than 5. 000 diverse family information cards. The use of personnaly devised software has enable me to study thoroughly all the classic aspects of de demographic behaviour such as the mariages-rate, birth-rate, family developpement, death-rate, within well defined social categories. Besides the 40. 000 various certificates-births marriages, deaths - needed for this reconstruction, 25. 000 marriage certificates in fifteen nearby parishes were needed and taken into account eight nominal lists were analysed as well as 30. 000 other varies certificates mostly tax certificates or certificates from public notaries. In addition to new methodological aspects permitting a deeper analysis - more detailed family information cards, records on micro-cassettes of the certificates and data processing - my conclusions show a great stability in the fundamental demographic and economic parameters resulting in constant overpopulation inside a technical system of production and transfer of capital and property without great change and in the scope

La bataille de Diên Biên Phu est connue pour avoir été une défaite retentissante de la France en 1954. Certains aspects de cette bataille devenue une véritable affaire sont pourtant encore méconnus dans leurs formes et leurs conséquences, notamment ses dimensions humaine, sociale et même judiciaire. Il est tout d’abord intéressant de mieux connaitre les hommes qui ont participé au front comme à l’arrière, à cette bataille. « Ceux de Diên Biên Phu » représentent en effet un groupe social éphémère mais qui a fonctionné dans un contexte bien particulier pendant près de cinq mois et demi. Or, ce groupe présente des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres et qui dépendent à la fois de leur rôle de militaires et du contexte de bataille. Mieux connaitre ces soldats, c’est aussi s’intéresser à leur parcours bien avant la bataille et pour les survivants, bien après celle-ci. Toutefois, en 1954, la société militaire de Diên Biên Phu a connu un quotidien qu’il est possible de diviser en trois grandes périodes le définissant. La vie de l’avant-bataille n’est pas la même que celle menée dans les combats, elle-même différente de la vie de prisonniers de guerre. Diên Biên Phu peut ainsi être vu au prisme du vécu et du ressenti de ses combattants. Enfin, cette bataille a eu des conséquences bien au-delà du 7 mai 1954. Elle prend alors son sens « d’affaire ». Elle est devenue un mythe de l’Armée française mais la recherche des responsabilités qui s’est engagée alors en France met au jour des conflits bien plus anciens et personnels. Cette dernière composante de l’Affaire de Diên Biên Phu s’incarne dans un conflit entre les généraux Navarre et Cogny, anciens hauts responsables militaires en Indochine et parties prenantes de la bataille, qui les a menés jusqu’au tribunal. Des tranchées au prétoire, Diên Biên Phu est bien une grande affaire aux multiples acceptions. Elle n’est pas seulement la bataille de la fin de la guerre d’Indochine. Elle est également, peut-être même avant tout, une affaire de soldats, une affaire d’hommes et une affaire sociale, politique et judiciaire<br>Diên Biên Phu is well known as a great French defeat in 1954. Nevertheless some aspects of this real case are still to discover, for example the human, social and legal aspects. At first, it is interesting to know better the men who were soldiers during the battle, those from the front as those stayed in Hanoi or Saigon. All of them represent a real society which worked in a special context during more than five months. This social group as his own characteristics which depend on his military functions and the battle itself. Knowing these men better, is also searching to know who they were before coming in Indochina and what they became even a long time after the battle of Diên Biên Phu. However, in 1954, the Diên Biên Phu’s military society had had three different lives during these five months : before the fights, they naturally had a different life than during the battle, and then, when the survivors became prisoners, they started another new part of their life. Diên Biên Phu can also be studied by the prism of the everyday life and the felt of the fighters. This battle had finally had consequences well beyond May 7th. Then, it becomes the “case”. Diên Biên Phu became one of the great military myth but in the same time, the research of the responsibilities in France has begun. This new case brings to light other older and more personal conflicts. The more important of these conflicts is the one between the two former chief generals in Indochina in charge of the battle, general Navarre and general Cogny. This very important personal and professional conflict led them to the court. From trenches to the court, Diên Biên Phu is an important and more complex case than just a battle camp. It is not just the fight which lid to the end of Indochina War. It is also and maybe more than anything else, a men’s business and a social, political and judicial affair

Les technologies liées à la parole, et en particulier la reconnaissance de la parole, suscitent un grand intérêt pour un nombre croissant de langues. La très grande majorité des langues du monde ne possèdent pas de grands corpus de données nécessaires à l'élaboration des systèmes de reconnaissance à l'état de l'art, fondés sur des paradigmes probabilistes pour la plupart. Les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse ont consisté, dans un premier temps, à identifier les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'élaboration d'un système pour une langue peu dotée. Nous avons travaillé principalement sur le problème des forts taux de mots hors-vocabulaire dus au manque de textes, qui est à nos yeux le problème le plus important pour ces langues. Nous défendons l'idée que l'utilisation de sous-unités lexicales correctement sélectionnées qui peuvent être plus petites que les mots, peut amener des gains significatifs de performances. Nous avons utilisé et modifié un algorithme probabiliste qui propose des frontières de morphe, en introduisant des propriétés qui caractérisent la confusion acoustico-phonétique éventuelle entre les unités lexicales de reconnaissance. Les expériences de reconnaissance ont été menées sur deux langues différentes : l'amharique et le turc, et des gains modestes mais significatifs ont été obtenus, autour de 5% relatifs, avec des réductions relatives de taux d'OOV comprises entre 30% et 50%.

La destructuration de l'amidon sous cisaillement, en milieu faiblement hydrate (25 - 30% b. H. ), a ete etudiee dans des conditions experimentales semblables a celles rencontrees en extrusion. Ce procede a ete simule a l'echelle du laboratoire par l'utilisation d'un rheometre a pre-cisaillement, le rheoplast. Pour des conditions de traitements thermomecaniques controlees (25<t<190\c, 0<<75s - 1, 15<t<30s), des etats intermediaires de transformations ont ete obtenus a partir d'amidons de diverses origines botaniques (pois lisse, mais cireux, ble et pois ride), et analyses a chaque echelle structurale (granulaire, cristalline et moleculaire). Les resultats acquis a partir de traitements isolant le role de chaque variable (temperature, cisaillement, temps) ont montre que la perte des structures granulaire et cristalline est prealable a toute degradation macromoleculaire significative. Alors que l'apport de chaleur induit la fusion des cristallites, l'apport d'energie mecanique affecte en priorite la structure granulaire par fragmentation. La destructuration complete n'est pas necessaire pour obtenir une phase continue deformable dont la viscosite a ete mesuree pour des taux de transformation superieurs a 50%. Un bilan energetique simplifie de la zone de traitement a ete etabli dans le but de modeliser la transition de la poudre en une suspension amylacee, en cours de transformation. L'evolution de la matiere est decrite pour des temps de traitement realistes, mais les energies mecaniques calculees sont surestimees. Ce modele confirme l'initiation du processus pres des pieces en mouvement et le role predominant de l'energie dissipee par frottements interparticulaires. Ce terme initialement preponderant decroit au profit de la dissipation d'energie mecanique au sein de la suspension amylacee. Cette approche peut etre extrapolee a l'extrusion et etendue a des substrats plus complexes, et permettrait de simuler la production de matiere partiellement destructuree.

Les milieux peu profonds font partie de notre environnement proche : les zones littorales, les lacs, les lagunes ou encore les milieux océaniques ou atmosphériques stratifiés. La connaissance des écoulements en milieu peu profond et de leurs propriétés de transport est primordiale pour comprendre la morphologie des lits de rivières ou des zones côtières et pour l'analyse des paramètres naturels et anthropogéniques (chaleur, solides dissous ou en suspension, espèces biologiques), ainsi que pour les prévisions météorologiques. Les observations réalisées sur ces milieux ont mis en évidence un dynamique particulière liée au confinement vertical. On peut assister à la formation de gros tourbillons horizontaux dont la taille excède très largement la profondeur. Ce travail de thèse vise à améliorer la compréhension de ces phénomènes physiques dans le cas d'une dynamique tourbillonnaire générée par un jet impulsionnel turbulent. Grâce à deux dispositifs expérimentaux complémentaires, l'un à petite échelle au laboratoire Master et l'autre à grande échelle sur la plaque Coriolis, nous avons caractérisé la transition d'un milieu profond à un milieu peu profond. Cette transition est contrôlée par un paramètre adimensionnel que nous avons appelé le nombre de confinement C. Lorsque C est faible, le comportement observé relève de la turbulence tridimensionnelle, le milieu est profond. Pour de grandes valeurs de C, on assiste au développement d'une dynamique de turbulence quasi-bidimensionnelle, le milieu est qualifié de peu profond. En milieu peu profond, les jets pulsés se structurent en gros tourbillons de type dipôles. Une étude détaillée de ces dipôles, à la fois à petite échelle (dipôles laminaires) et à grande échelle (dipôles turbulents), a montré l'existence d'un rouleau frontal généré par la friction sur le fond. L'analyse de ces processus physiques a permis de construire un modèle théorique de dipôle dont les prédictions sont comparées avec succès aux résultats expérimentaux<br>The shallow water flows are found in lowland rivers, coastal areas, lakes, and stratified atmospheric and oceanic flows. A proper knowledge of shallow flows and their transport capacities is of great importance for predicting the flow in and morphology of riverbeds and coastal zones, for the analysis of natural and anthropogenic parameters(heat, dissolved and suspended solids, biological species) and for weather forecasting. The observations carried out on shallow flows have revealed a particular dynamics: the vertical confinement can induce the formation of large horizontal vortices, which size greatly exceeds the depth. The aim of the thesis is to improve the knowledge of these physical processes in the case of a vortex dynamics generated by a turbulent impulsive jet. Two experimental campaign, one at small scale at the Master laboratory and the other one on the Coriolis turntable, have been performed to characterize the transition from a deep water layer to a shallow water layer. This transition is controlled by a dimensionless parameter we have called the confinement number C. When C is weak, the behaviour corresponds to three-dimensional turbulence, the water layer is deep. When C is great, the impulsive jet develops in a quasi-two-dimensional turbulence, the water layer is shallow. When the water layer is shallow, impulsive jets generate large horizontal vortices. A detailed study of these dipoles, laminar at small scale and turbulent at large scale, has shown the presence of a vertical circulation in the dipole front. The experimental results have been successfully compared with an original theoretical model

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T14:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249827.pdf: 2952997 bytes, checksum: 5430ba20bac0e237d5eac8f4e4cc1494 (MD5)<br>A instalação da República no Brasil se caracterizou por uma série de transformações que visava à construção de uma identidade nacional republicana. Para isso, foram adotadas políticas higienistas de rearranjamentos urbanos e políticas educacionais pautadas no cientificismo, por meio das quais se esperava que fosse possível legitimar e consolidar o Estado Nacional. No contexto desse projeto de reforma social e de difusão da educação, como dispositivo que agiria, por meio do controle dos sujeitos, sobre os maus hábitos, é que a presente dissertação irá examinar, no período de 1889 a 1930, a Escola de Aprendizes-Marinheiro de Santa Catarina (EAMSC), uma instituição nascida no Império e que irá sobreviver ao advento da República. Com documentos oficiais, jornais, fotografias e bibliografias nas áreas de Educação, Filosofia e História, insere-se a EAMSC dentro do projeto de nação republicana, traçando-se suas semelhanças e diferenças com o modelo dos grupos escolares, demonstrando-se de que forma as duas instituições escolares se aproximam e se afastam dentro da política higienista e educacional. Também se buscou fazer uma contextualização dessa inserção utilizando-se um estudo comparativo entre a reificação do projeto de República na capital do país e na capital do Estado de Santa Catarina. Com esse olhar, estudar-se-á a localização, o público-alvo e a missão que a EAMSC assume, confrontando-os com a visão daquela que era a escola modelo, percebendo-se como a instituição se apropria de tais reformas e constrói uma cultura escolar própria, de docilização do corpo, que parecia ser a única capaz de incluir, agir e civilizar seu público-alvo: os vadios e vagabundos que perambulavam pelas ruas de Florianópolis. Para tanto, espaço, currículo e tempo irão se apresentar como tecnologias disciplinares que inserem nesse ambiente híbrido, escolar e militar, uma filosofia pautada no trabalho e no controle de sujeitos. Mesmo porque, a Escola era uma das possibilidades de conter revoltas e motins, promovendo o afastamento de tais indivíduos, bem como sua integração aos preceitos republicanos de civilidade, sem desconsiderar, no entanto, que toda a ação de poder permite outra resistência. Ao final, mesmo com diversas tentativas de aproximar a EAMSC do modelo pedagógico moderno, implementado com os grupos escolares no Brasil, o imaginário popular acerca de tal instituição permaneceu, o de um ambiente para os desvalidos, no qual a filosofia seria de escreveu, não leu, o pau comeu.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2015-01-07T18:47:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2015-03-03T21:34:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T21:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Liliane Baldan Zani.pdf: 1179250 bytes, checksum: 3e753b5d1571ac66da47ac6c1b2e0be6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015<br>As ações de reflorestamento com o pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) depende de informações de suas características ecofisiológicas sujeitas às variações ontogenéticas e ambientais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar alguns aspectos morfológicos, anatômicos, fisiológicos e estruturais de parede celular de C. echinata nas fases juvenil, jovem e adulto em condições naturais em um fragmento da Floresta Atlântica. Foi analisada a biometria, concentração de nutrientes e dos pigmentos cloroplastídicos dos foliólulos, anatomia foliar e do xilema secundário do caule e a constituição dos polímeros estruturais de parede celular. Os indivíduos juvenis localizados no estrato inferior da floresta se destacaram pela maior área foliar específica e maiores teores de pigmentos cloroplastídicos bem como pelas maiores dimensões de suas células guardas associado às maiores concentrações de K e Ca foliar. Estruturalmente, os indivíduos juvenis apresentaram menores elementos de vasos e teores de lignina. Os indivíduos jovens apresentaram valores intermediários das variáveis analisadas. Já os indivíduos adultos, cujas copas alcançavam o dossel, se destacaram pelo maior espessamento do limbo, da cutícula e do parênquima lacunoso, teor de água foliar, densidade estomática e teor de lignina foliar e caulinar cuja capacidade de síntese foi associada ao maior teor de P foliar. O conteúdo de celulose foliar e caulinar não variou entre as diferentes fases ontogenéticas. As hemiceluloses são do tipo xilanos com possibilidade de presença de xiloglucano dada a maior fração de xilose (±12% MS) e galactose (±1% MS). A glucose foi o monossacarídeo mais representativo (±40% MS) sem diferenças ontogenéticas. As diferenças morfológicas, anatômicas, fisiológicas e estruturais parecem, também, estarem sob controle da irradiância mais intensa na copa dos indivíduos adultos. Os resultados denotam que o plantio consorciado com espécies de crescimento rápido seja a melhor ação para o reflorestamento de C. echinata.<br>The reforestation with Brazil wood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) depends upon information from their ecophysiological characteristics subject to the ontogenetic and environmental variations. The objective of this study was to characterize some morphological, anatomical, physiological and structural aspects of the cell wall of C. echinata in juvenile, young and adult phases in natural conditions in a fragment of Atlantic Forest. Biometrics, nutrient concentration and of pigments chloroplastidic, anatomy leaf and stem secondary xylem and and the constitution of cell wall structural polymers was analyzed. The juveniles in the lower stratum of the forest have stood out by the higher specific leaf area and higher pigment contents and the cells larger guards provided by the higher concentrations of foliar K and Ca. Structurally the juveniles had lower vessel elements and lignin. The young individuals showed intermediate values of the variables analyzed. Have the adults, whose crowns reached the canopy, stood out for greater thickening of the limbus, cuticle and spongy parenchyma, leaf water content, stomatal density and lignin content of leaf and stem whose synthesis capacity was possibly stimulated by higher content of P leaf. The content of leaf and stem cellulose did not vary between the different ontogenetic phases. The hemicelluloses are the xylans type with the possibility of the presence of xyloglucan given the larger fraction of xylose (± 12% DM) and galactose (± 1% DM). Glucose was the most representative monosaccharide (± 40% DM) without ontogenetic differences. The morphological, anatomical, physiological and structural differences also seem to be under control of more intense irradiance in the canopy of mature individuals. The results denote that the associated planting with fast growing species is the best action for reforestation C. echinata.

Le chômage apparaît comme un fléau qui se stigmatise sur certaines couches de la population active , le risque de chômage pouvant varier du simple au double, ou plus encore, entre les individus les plus productifs qui, par manque de formation ou d'expérience, le sont moins. Cette thèse s'interroge sur les causes de ce trait particulier et les remèdes que l'on peut y apporter, suivant trois grands axes principaux : quelles relations peut-on mettre en évidence entre taux de chômage agrégé, structure de la population active qui doit être tenue pour " responsable " des mauvaises performances de certains pays en matière de chômage? L'acuité particulièrement prononcée du problème de chômage qui se manifeste à l'égard des travailleurs les moins qualifiés témoigne d'une certaine spécificité du problème de sous-emploi qui atteint cette catégorie de main d'oeuvre. Quelles peuvent en être les principales origines? Parmi les causes auxquelles on peut penser, quelle est la part de responsabilité attribuable à chacune d'elle? Enfin, peut-on évaluer les politiques jusqu'ici mises en oeuvre dans certains pays de l'O. C. D. E. , notamment en France, pour enrayer ce problème, et plus généralement, quelles mesures allant dans ce sens peut-on préconiser?

L’any 1920, Pau Casals –conegut internacionalment com a Pablo Casals– va fundar una nova orquestra a Barcelona sota el seu propi nom, l’Orquestra Pau Casals (OPC). Junt a d’altres raons de caràcter personal i professional, el seu objectiu era establir a la capital catalana una orquestra de primer nivell, com les moltes que havia conegut a tot el món, especialment als EUA, en la seua carrera com a solista. Una de les seues principals preocupacions en la creació d’aquesta institució musical va ser la configuració del quartet de trompes. Aquesta tesi argumenta la manifesta inquietud de Casals pels trompistes de l’orquestra. En segon lloc, documenta els diferents músics que van formar-ne part del quartet i les seues carreres, abans i després de l’OPC. L’objectiu no és simplement fer una biografia dels membres del quartet de trompes sinó resseguir la seua història; estudiar la seua provinença, formació i experiència orquestral; analitzar els seus instruments; així com les responsabilitats en l’orquestra des del punt de vista de l’instrument. A dins del projecte humà, social i estètic de l’OPC, la qüestió del quartet de trompes representa un cas paradigmàtic del moment de transformació que viu l’instrument, tant per la recepció d’un nou repertori simfònic –on destaquen les composicions de Richard Strauss– com per l’existència de notables canvis organològics per a adaptar la trompa a les exigències i necessitats d’aquestes noves obres. A més ho fa en el context de Barcelona en un dels moments més destacats de la història de la música al país; també gràcies al paper de l’OPC que converteix la ciutat en pol d’atracció per a solistes i directors i que estimula la creació musical contemporània, especialment entre els compositors catalans. De la mateixa manera, destaca la influència de l’enregistrament sonor a l’igual que la difusió de la música a la ràdio, que expandeix el consum de música a tot el món. Les carreres dels trompistes que van formar part de l’orquestra de Casals són també un exemple de la transformació de l’ofici de músic durant el primer terç del segle xx, una feina que trenca fronteres i esdevé global, amb una alta mobilitat en els músics d’orquestra. És tracta d’una generació de músics nascuts a finals del segle xix i que marquen una diferència notable amb l’anterior. L’esclat de la Guerra Civil Espanyola va representar un clar trencament amb la següent generació de trompistes actius a Barcelona, com també ho va ser en l’àmbit de les institucions musicals, ja que va significar la fi de l’existència de l’OPC. Per una altra banda, l’enregistrament històric és un testimoni dels diversos estils interpretatius dels músics i dels conjunts, el disc mostra les diferències estilístiques entre les orquestres a la vegada que suposa el principi de la fi d’aquestes diferències en un llarg procés de globalització de les pràctiques interpretatives. Aquesta tesi repassa la història de l’OPC i especialment la figura de Casals com a director, tot i que el principal objectiu se centra en els trompistes de l’orquestra. A través de múltiples aproximacions –des de la revisió crítica de la bibliografia fins a l’estudi organòlogic, des de l’anàlisi de les fonts a la interpretació del repertori des dels materials utilitzats a l’època–, aquest treball demostra que el quartet de trompes era una unitat cabdal per a l’objectiu de Pau Casals de crear una orquestra de primer nivell a la Barcelona de la dècada de 1920.<br>In 1920, Pau Casals –internationally renowned as Pablo Casals– founded a new orchestra in Barcelona under his own name, the Orquestra Pau Casals (OPC). Along with other personal and professional reasons, his objective was to establish a first-class orchestra, like the many that he had known all over the world, especially in the USA, during his career as a soloist. One of his main concerns during the creation of this musical institution was the configuration of the horn quartet. This thesis reports Casals' proved anxiety about the hornplayers of his orchestra. Secondly, it documents the different musicians who were part of the quartet and their careers, before and after the OPC. The purpose is not merely to make a biography of the members of the horn quartet but to know their history; study their provenance, musical education and orchestral experience; analyse their instruments; as well as the importance of their role in the orchestra from the point of view of the instrument. Within the human, social and aesthetic project of the OPC, the question of the horn quartet represents a paradigmatic case on the transformation of the instrument, through the reception of a new orchestral repertoire –mainly, Richard Strauss’ tone poems– and the remarkable organological changes produced in order to adapt the horn to the needs and challenges of these new works. In addition, the 1920s and thirties were one of the most outstanding moments in the history of music in Barcelona, because of to the role of the OPC that made the city into a pole of attraction for soloists and directors and that stimulated contemporary composition, especially among Catalan musicians. In the same way, sound recording was very important at that time, as well as the radio, that spread music consumption around the world. The careers of the hornplayers that were part of the Casals’ orchestra are also an example of the transformation of the musician's profession during the first third of the 20th century. It was a job without borders that became global, and required a lot of travelling for the orchestra musicians. It was a generation of musicians that were born at the end of the 19th century that made a notable difference with the previous one. The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War represented a clear change compared with the following generation of hornplayers in Barcelona. The same occurred with musical institutions, as it meant the end of the OPC. On the other hand, historical recordings are evidences of the diversity of performing styles of musicians and ensembles, they show the stylistic differences between the orchestras. At the same time, they represent the beginning of the end of this diversity in a long process of globalization of performance practices. This thesis reviews the history of the OPC and especially the figure of Casals as a conductor, although the main purpose of this dissertation focuses mainly on the OPC hornplayers. Through multiple approaches –from critical review of the bibliography to organologic studies, from source analysis to period scores repertoire interpretation–, this work demonstrates that the horn quartet constitutes a critical element for Pau Casals’ aim to create a first-class orchestra in the Barcelona of the 1920s.

Aquest treball ha estudiat i analitzat el procés de reconstrucció i transició cap a la pau de l’Afganistan amb un enfocament més detallat a la província de Badghis, zona de responsabilitat espanyola. S’han examinat els marcs d’intervenció de la Comunitat Internacional formulats en les conferències de donants i les resolucions del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides, des de la intervenció iniciada pels EUA i el Regne Unit a l’octubre de 2001 i fins a finals de 2012, es van incloure algunes dades rellevants de 2013. El context mundial acabada la guerra freda va canviar, enfrontant-se a una nova tipologia de guerres, les «guerres asimètriques», amb la intervenció de múltiples actors. Les guerres ja no són entre Estats i exèrcits, els camps de batalla han quedat difuminats i la població civil és qui en pateix les conseqüències. L’Afganistan és un paradigma d’aquestes guerres amb la intervenció: d’actors no governamentals amb grups extremistes, d’Al-Qaida, talibans, tribals, senyors de la guerra, on cap d’aquests grups acceptaven el govern establert; actors multilaterals que donaven suport al govern i en aquest cas estaven representats per unes 50 nacionalitats. Aquests, junt amb els actors governamentals lluitaven per mantenir el poder i control del país. L’Afganistan després de tants anys de guerra era un país inestable, sense governança i sense poder donar resposta a les necessitats més bàsiques de la població convertint-se en un Estat fallit. Per donar resposta a contexts d’Estat fallit, s’han dissenyat models dirigits a desenvolupar politiques amb l’objectiu d’estabilitzar zones inestables, consolidar la pau, reconstruir i desenvolupar. A l’Afganistan aquests models estaven implementats pels Equips de Reconstrucció Provincial (PRT). Espanya com a membre de la Comunitat Internacional i de l’OTAN també va instal•lar un PRT a la província de Badghis on va desenvolupar un model que seguia el model nord-americà anomenat 3D (defensa, diplomàcia, desenvolupament) o també «enfocament integral» perquè integrava els instruments polítics, militars, de desenvolupament i humanitaris sota una mateixa direcció, obviant que la doctrina militar i els principis humanitaris són oposats i, que el desenvolupament encara que els seus programes vagin dirigits a tota la població, segueix principis polítics i difícilment es podrà practicar mentre el context sigui de guerra. El treball es va realitzar contrastant la informació obtinguda per mitjans tradicionals de recopilació d’informació amb un treball de camp a Badghis i Kabul. Els resultats, han estat decebedors, després d’una dècada d’intervenció de la Comunitat Internacional i de presencia militar, no s’havia aconseguit l’estabilitat i la pau del país, el conflicte i la violència continuava a moltes zones, amb el conseqüent perjudici pels drets humans en general, i per les dones i nens en particular. Tot i que es podien distingir unes zones del país més estables que d’altres, l’informe de la UNAMA el 2013 establia que els atacs de la insurgència i combats entre els diferents actors multinacionals i governamentals havia deixat un balanç de morts i ferits amb 2.959 víctimes civils, augmentant respecte a l’any anterior. El balanç entre el 2007 i el 2013 era de casi 18.000 víctimes civils. A finals de 2014 les tropes internacionals s’havien de retirar del país, però els atemptats i atacs de la insurgència continuaven i els escenaris de futur que es presentaven no eren optimistes. El problema de la Comunitat Internacional a l’Afganistan era treballar com si el context fos de post-conflicte, quan aquest, en realitat, era un context de guerra, i invertint en la guerra milers de milions de dòlars i euros en detriment de la reconstrucció i el desenvolupament. Només posant l’exemple espanyol, s’estimava que Espanya havia invertit més de 3.500 milions d’euros en l’àmbit militar quan en desenvolupament havia contribuït amb uns 460 milions d’euros. Del PRT espanyol a Badghis, no es disposava de dades ni avaluacions que haguessin mesurat l’eficàcia i la pertinença de les intervencions del component militar i civil. Tanmateix, es podia dir que la província de Badghis seguia inestable, no s’havien reduït les vulnerabilitats i la província seguia depenent de l’ajuda exterior. Els projectes desenvolupats per l’AECID havien produït canvis mentre havien estat operant sobre el terreny, però hi havia dubtes sobre el futur de tot allò invertit.<br>The study reviews and analyzes the involvement of various sectors of the international community in the stabilization and reconstruction of Afghanistan from end 2001 to 2012, with some data from 2013. It contains a more detailed focus on Badghis Province, the area under Spanish responsibility. It examines the intervention frameworks formulated in Donor Conferences and resolutions of the UN Security Council. The common objectives of the various models of intervention were to stabilize volatile areas, consolidate peace, and boost reconstruction and development. The models were implemented by the Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT). Information on the programs implemented were obtained from reports by the implementing agencies, NGOs, think tanks, and public institutions; and fieldwork done in Kabul and Badghis. The study examines if the objectives of the international community were realized after a decade of military presence and reconstruction projects; and particularly if the model of intervention pursued by the Spanish PRT in Badghis proved effective in stabilizing the area and contributing to development. The conclusion of the analysis is that a transition to stability and peace in Afghanistan has not been achieved, that conflict and violence continue in many areas. Consequently, exercise of most human rights continues to be elusive, especially for women and children. One of the identified reasons for the failure was that the plans were designed for a post-conflict context; however, much of the implementation occurred in a context of continuing violence. Thus, massive funds were devoted to military support and actions, to the detriment of reconstruction and development. It was not possible to obtain specific data, or any evaluations regarding the impact, relevance or effectiveness of the military and civilian interventions pursued by the Spanish PRT. While some improvements were documented during the period of direct involvement the PRT; there were serious doubts regarding sustainability of any of the programs after planned handover to national or local authorities. Badghis remains severely underdeveloped, and nearly all social services that do function are dependent on foreign assistance.

Ce document regroupe des travaux organisés autour de deux thèmes<br />de recherche.<br /><br />Le premier concerne la stabilisation-frontière de quelques systèmes<br />distribués, en présence de singularités. On s'intéresse principalement à l'équation des ondes et au système élastodynamique pour lesquels de nombreux auteurs ont obtenu des résultats de stabilisation en utilisant la méthode des multiplicateurs sous des conditions géométriques restrictives. Pour étendre ces résultats, on est amené à démontrer certaines propriétés de ``régularité cachée'' des solutions fortes, ce qui nécessite l'analyse des singularités d'un problème elliptique avec conditions aux limites mêlées. La connaissance de ces singularités permet de généraliser une relation de Rellich, cruciale dans l'obtentionédes estimations d'énergie conduisant aux résultats de stabilisation.<br /><br />Le second thème a pour objet l'étude des écoulements de Hele-Shaw à<br />source ponctuelle. Le modèle de Stokes-Leibenson fait apparaître<br />une équation elliptique dont le second membre est la distribution de Dirac au point-source. Ce problème est de plus intrinsèquement non linéaire du fait que le domaine lui-même évolue d'une manière inconnue. On utilise la méthode de Helmholtz-Kirchhoff pour reformuler le problème. Ceci permet de démontrer un résultat d'existence et d'unicité locales d'une solution classique. On construit ensuite un modèle numérique, dit ``modèle quasi-contour'', destiné à étudier certaines propriétés qualitatives de ces écoulements.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T14:04:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoribeiroaleixo.pdf: 11717772 bytes, checksum: 92418eff47ec8bfa0e099a19d849c068 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T14:22:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoribeiroaleixo.pdf: 11717772 bytes, checksum: 92418eff47ec8bfa0e099a19d849c068 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T14:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoribeiroaleixo.pdf: 11717772 bytes, checksum: 92418eff47ec8bfa0e099a19d849c068 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo a proposta de uma Unidade de Medição Fasorial (do inglês, Phasor Measurement Unit)(PMU), de baixo custo, voltada para o monito-ramento da distribuição de energia elétrica. O medidor proposto pode ser conectado à rede de baixa tensão, possibilitando assim o monitoramento dos sistemas de dis-tribuição e transmissão de energia. O algoritmo de estimação fasorial que compõe o software embarcado do equipamento faz uso do filtro Savitzky-Golay como aproxima-ção da derivada, necessária no processo de estimação da frequência do componente fundamental do sinal. O hardware utilizado é composto pelo microprocessador ARM TM4C1294NCPDT da Texas Instruments, um módulo GPS NEO-6M da uBlox, um módulo Wi-Fi ESP8266, além de um circuito de condicionamento do sinal analógico. O sincronismo das medições realizadas é garantido graças ao sinal composto por um pulso por segundo fornecido pelo GPS. Para o envio dos dados gerados pelo medidor pro-posto, o protocolo definido na norma vigente para PMUs foi utilizado. As estimações podem ser armazenadas e vizualizadas em tempo real através de um software monitor de dados de sincrofasores. Os resultados contemplam os testes exigidos pela norma, avaliando-se o erro total da estimação do fasor, o erro de frequência e o erro de taxa de variação da frequência. Por último, a fim de se reafirmar o sincronismo existente entre as medições realizadas por mais de um equipamento, estimou-se os fasores e a frequência em pontos distintos do sistema 4 Barras do IEEE, simulado em tempo real no RTDS, onde pode-se observar a estimação correta da defasagem entre duas barras desse sistema.<br>The present work proposes of a low cost Phasor Measurement Unity (PMU), for monitoring the power distribution system. The proposed meter can be connected at the low voltage level, making possible the monitoring of the distribution system and the transmission system. The algorithm used to compute the phasor estimation that composes the embedded software in the equipment uses the Savitzky-Golay filter to approximate the differentiation process, necessary in the frequency estimation of the fundamental component of the signal. The hardware of the equipment is composed by a microprocessor AMR TM4C1294NCPDT of Texas Instruments, a uBlox GPS NEO-6M module, a Wi-Fi ESP8266 module and an analog conditioning circuit. The synchronism of the measurements is guaranteed due to a pulse per second signal from the GPS module. For the transmission of the data generated by the PMU, the protocol suggested by the standard is used. The estimated parameters can be visualized in real time through the Synchrophasor Data Monitor Software. The results contemplate the tests required by the IEEE standard C37.118.1 and the analyses of the total vector error, frequency error and rate of change of frequency error. Finally, to attest the synchronism between different PMUs, a test in a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) was made, where the 4 bus IEEE system was simulated. The difference of the angles estimated for different buses was computed and the obtained values were according to the expected.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Villela de Mello Motta.pdf: 2850794 bytes, checksum: 1396f99ddff65bd07995a171d18f6269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-05<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This study aims at portraying one of the Guarani villages in Jaraguá district, in São Paulo city, the Tekoa Pyau, focusing on the history of its formation, from the perspective of a tekoa creation, analysing how the Guarani indigenous people could re-insert in the geographic space, culturalizing and transforming it into a part of the Guarani universe. Moreover, the research aims at understanding how the Guarani comprehend their permanence in Jaraguá and their insertion in the urban area, how they see the non-indigenous people and the future of these relationships; that is to say how they manage their life in this metropolis and keep up their tradition. This village is located in an area on the margins of Bandeirantes highway, in the west part of the paulista capital, with few resources for their survival. Its inhabitants live, mainly, from the sale of handicrafts and some sporadic donation. The analysis of the collected data seems to indicate that the Guarani at the same time that they fight against the entropy and the messy contact with the non-indigenous people, they notice how essential this contact is for their survival. Taking all these aspects into consideration, they manage to keep their historical and cultural traditions, what could be noticed throughout this research and also in the presentation of the youngsters´vision of the future<br>Este estudo objetiva retratar uma das aldeias Guarani do bairro do Jaraguá, na cidade de São Paulo, o Tekoa Pyau, enfocando a história de sua formação na ótica da criação de um tekoa, analisando como se reinseriram no espaço geográfico e o culturalizaram, transformando-o em uma parte do universo Guarani. Além disso, procura entender como os Guarani compreendem a permanência no Jaraguá e sua inserção no meio urbano, como vêem o não índio e o futuro dessas relações, isto é, como articulam sua vida na metrópole e mantém a consonância com sua tradição. A aldeia localiza-se em uma área às margens da rodovia Bandeirantes, na zona oeste da capital paulista e possui poucos recursos para sua sobrevivência. Seus habitantes vivem, principalmente, da venda de artesanato e de doações esporádicas. A análise dos dados coletados parece indicar que os Guarani, ao mesmo tempo que lutam contra a entropia, contra o contato desordenado com os não indígenas, percebem o quão indispensável este contato é para sua sobrevivência. Com tudo isso, eles conseguem preservar suas tradições históricas e culturais, o que pôde ser percebido no decorrer da pesquisa e também na exposição da visão de futuro dos mais jovens

Esta pesquisa propõe o estudo de canções de Noel Rosa à luz dos preceitos da poesia Pau-Brasil, de Oswald de Andrade. Por meio da análise de obras como Conversa de botequim, Gago apaixonado e Três apitos, percebe-se que o Poeta da Vila materializou a prática da poesia "como falamos" promulgada como gesto de ruptura pelo Manifesto da Poesia Pau-Brasil, em contraposição à retórica ornamental do parnasianismo então vigente. Além da utilização de uma linguagem coloquial e corrente entre os fatos cotidianos, esta aproximação não se restringe ao texto, passando pela observação de dois pontos fundamentais: as melodias das canções camuflam, por meio dos recursos entoativos, as intenções da fala, constituindo um jeito de cantar falando, ou de falar cantando, conforme a teoria semiótica de Luiz Tatit; as canções se concretizam, assim como a fala, pela voz, sendo captadas pelo ouvido sem a intermediação da escrita, incorporando as nuances vocais para além da palavra, ao mesmo tempo em que constituem um ato performativo que envolve a teatralização das cenas, a instrumentação musical, o espaço e o ouvinte, constituindo uma recepção corporal, segundo a perspectiva teórica de Paul Zumthor. Noel Rosa é observado como matriz de uma vertente em que esta proximidade com a fala se dá de forma mais evidente, como se nota em seus textos simples e diretos amalgamados às melodias entoativas, e na interpretação vocal das canções, especialmente quando é ele mesmo o intérprete. O Poeta da Vila é comparado à veia oswaldiana, ainda, pela utilização de recursos como o humor e a paródia em oposição à seriedade dos gabinetes dos cultos doutores, e a incorporação da paisagem urbana num processo de atualização das práticas artísticas à modernidade do século XX. Constata-se que, apesar das convergências, os universos dos dois autores não se cruzavam em seu tempo, no qual a canção não era percebida no território das grandes artes. Entretanto, na década de 1960, compositores de canção como Chico Buarque e Caetano Veloso passaram a ser identificados como os principais poetas de sua geração, chegando a ser associados, respectivamente, a Noel Rosa e Oswald de Andrade. Diante da diferença da percepção da obra noelina como representativa ou não da poesia de sua época, e da presença dos compositores de canção no rol dos grandes poetas a partir da década de 1960, configura-se um cenário de imprecisão no entendimento da canção como linguagem poética.<br>This research proposes the study of Noel Rosa's songs according to the precepts of the Pau-Brasil poetry by Oswald de Andrade. Through the analysis of works from Noel’s songbook, such as Conversa de botequim, Gago apaixonado and Três apitos, it can be noticed that the so called “Poeta da Vila” materialized the practice of poetry "as we speak" promulgated as a gesture of rupture by the Manifesto da Poesia Pau-Brasil. Besides the use of a colloquial and current language among everyday facts, this approach is not restricted to the text, passing through the observation of two fundamental points. The melodies of the songs camouflage the speech intentions by means of the intonative resources, constituting a way of singing, speaking singing, according to the semiotic theory by Luiz Tatit; The songs realizes themselves as well as the speech, by the voice. They are captured by the ear without the writing intermediation, incorporating the vocal nuances beyond the word at the same time that they constitute a performative act which involves the scenes’ dramatization, the musical instrumentation , space and the listener, constituting a corporal reception, according to the Paul Zumthor theoretical perspective. Noel Rosa is observed as a matrix of an aspect in which this proximity to the speech occurs more clearly, as it can be seen in his simple and direct texts melded into the melodies’ intonation, so as in the vocal interpretation of the songs, especially when he is the interpreter himself. The “Poeta da Vila” is compared to the Oswald de Andrade’s work aspects by the use of resources such as humor and parody opposed to the seriousness of the doctors' offices, such as the incorporation of the urban landscape into an updating process of the artistic practices to the modernity of the 20th century. It is observed that despite the convergences, the two authors’ universes did not intersect in their time, in which the song was not perceived in the great arts category. However, in the 1960s, songwriters as Chico Buarque and Caetano Veloso were identified as the main poets of their generation, with Noel Rosa and Oswald de Andrade. In view of the difference in Noel Rosa’s work perception as representative or not of his time poetry, so as the presence of the composers of song pointed out among the roll of the great poets from the 1960 decade , a scene of imprecision in the song understanding as poetic language is configured.<br>Dissertação (Mestrado)

Cette etude de l'oeuvre de barbara pym inclut pour la premiere fois en france l'examen des papiers personnels de l'auteur, deposes a la bodleian library, oxford : manuscrits des romans, journal, correspondance, carnets litteraires, textes de conferences. La richesse de ces materiaux permet d'envisager l'etude des romans sous un nouveau jour. L'oeuvre se fait trace du passage de l'auteur dans l'angleterre de l'apres-guerre. Veritable historiographie, elle montre des personnages plutot ternes qui vivent une vie rangee, loin du bruit et de la fureur. Elle pourrait s'articuler sur l'aphorisme de cioran : "rater sa vie, c'est acceder a la poesie". Le monde de pym est le monde de l'insucces, dans lequel les hommes et les femmes se livrent a des jeux de roles sans jamais reussir a communiquer. Les liaisons sont dangereuses, aussi sont-elles evitees. On leur prefere une solitude confortable, agrementee de petits plaisirs egoistes, dont la bonne chere n'est pas des moindres. Le quotidien est detourne et les personnages s'inventent les cles d'une vie marquee au sceau de l'insignifiance. Le texte pymien aussi joue de la banalite pour mieux mettre en lumiere la tragedie de la vie humaine. La tension du recit tient ainsi au poids qui se cache derriere l'insignifiance. Pym reussit a ecrire le livre sur rien appele par flaubert<br>This study of the works of barbara pym includes for the first time in france the analysis of the author's personal papers deposited at the bodleian library : manuscripts of the novels, her diary, letters, notebooks and conference scripts. The wealth of this material is the starting point for a new study of the novels. The works are the traces of the author's passage in post-var england. Pym's characters are rather dull and lead a quiet unobtrusive life. Pym's world is the world of failure, in which men and women play games but never achieve communication. Love affairs are so dangerous that they are avoided. Solitude sometimes is best company, especially when relieved by the prosaic, mundane pleasures of food for instance. The characters invent a life of their own, in which humdrum tasks play a prominent role. Pym's writing also uses banality to emphasise the tragedy of human life. Simple words bide a profound meaning. Pym achieves this book about nothing flaubert wished for

Cette thèse est consacrée aux sculpteurs ayant suivi une formation ou ayant travaillé dans le Puy-de-Dôme, au 19e. La 1ère partie est consacrée à l'étude des divers aspects de l'école de sculpture locale à travers l'évocation de la formation artistique, de la carrière des artisans et des artistes, et de la production sculptée. Les artistes apparaissent très marqués par leur formation classique, reproduisant les schémas enseignés par l'école des Beaux-Arts. Toutefois, ils affirment une certaine originalité dans l'affirmation de leur identité auvergnate. Ce travail est très documenté. La 2e partie est un répertoire des sculpteurs en activité durant le 19e. Chaque artiste dispose d'une notice qui indique, si nous les connaissons, des informations comme : les noms et prénoms, les dates de naissance et décès, le lieu de travail, les matérieux employés, la filiation, les sources, la bibliographie et les oeuvres. La 3e, regroupe plus de 400 illustrations présentant les oeuvres locales et des ouvrages de comparaison<br>This thesis studies sculptors formed or who had worked, in the Puy-de-Dôme, during the nineteenth century. The first part analyses the school of sculptors through their formation, their careers and their production. Although, artists are influenced by their classic formation, they are original in the expression of their identity. This work is completed by different documents. The second part is a repertory of sculptors who had worked during the nineteenth century. For each artist you can find the name and the surname, date of birth and death, bibliography and works. The third part is composed of four hundred illustrations of works from the Auvergne and other parts of France

The project idea was created from the demand of a renewal for a Power Distributor Unit also known as a PDU. The current product had successively turned in to a cable mess because of short term solutions. This made the product non user friendly, inconvenient and non-agile to handle troubleshooting. To develop this project, a PCB design was created by simplifying and improving circuit diagrams until satisfied. Once the final circuit diagram was obtained, a PCB layout design was created. The result of the project, due to limited time, was only theoretical. The finished product was not tested as there was no time allowing this.

Given an increasing tendency towards distributed generation and alternative energy sources, the power grid must be more carefully monitored in order to ensure stability. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide very good observation of a small area of a network, but their relatively high cost prevents them from being deployed at every point. Therefore, to monitor an entire network, State Estimation is still required. By combining these two techniques, the accuracy and speed of power network monitoring can be improved. This thesis presents a method for achieving this goal from both hardware and computational perspectives. Practical considerations for PMU placement are discussed, such as instrument transformer calibration, and an algorithm is developed to apply this technique to any power system. The resulting method is termed reconfigurable monitoring - computationally isolated areas which may be grouped as necessary to allow for flexibility in power system monitoring.<br>Master of Science

Conversion of 1-Methylpentacyclo[5.4.0.0²⋅⁶.0³⋅¹⁰.0⁵⋅⁹]undecane- 8,11-dione into the corresponding mono(ethylene ketal) followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction resulted in a mixture of two isomers (i.e., 1- and 7-methyl-8-[2',-(1',3',dioxolano)]pentacyclo[5.4.0.0²⋅⁶.0³⋅¹⁰.0⁵⋅⁹] undecane. Hydrolysis of each isomer in turn resulted in 1- and 7- methyl pentacyclo[5.4.0.0²⋅⁶.0³⋅¹⁰.0⁵⋅⁹ ]undecan-8-ones (i.e.,"methylated PCU-8-ones"), respectively. "Titanium-promoted reductive dimerization of each of the methylated pentacycloundecane (PCU)-8-ones afforded mixtures of "methylated PCU alkene dimers". Individual isomers have been isolated from these mixtures via column chromatography by using silver nitrate impregnated silica gel as adsorbent followed by fractional recrystallizations of individual chromatography fractions. Structures of three isomerically pure methylated PCU alkene dimers (C₂₄H₂₈) have been established unequivocally by application of single crystal X-ray crystallographic methods.

The master's thesis deals with inherited metabolic disorder phenylketonuria from a marketing point of view. The theoretical basis of this thesis points out to differences between the marketing mix in the pharmaceutical industry and other industries. Analysis of marketing mix of Nutricia company in relation to patients with phenylketonuria is based on these facts. Secondary and primary data are used in this master's thesis. There were several research methods used to get the information, such comparison and telephone interviews. The work provides insights and recommendations in relation to the potential competitive advantages of the Nutricia company, which can help to maintain its position as market leader in the future. Attention is mostly paid to project such Home Deliveery and on-line communication.

This thesis has proposed two types of real time System Integrity Protection Schemes(SIPS) using Emergency Single Machine Equivalent (E-SIME) and Model PredictiveControl (MPC) approaches respectively. They are aiming to resolve the transientstability problems in power systems. Synchronous measurements, fast communicationnetwork and FACTS are deployed in the two SIPSs. The Thyristor Controlled SeriesCompensation (TCSC) is applied as the control action in both SIPSs.In the E-SIME based SIPS, the SIME approach is used to evaluate the transient stabilityof the system and then a decision is made about the control actions needed to stabilizethe system. During emergency conditions, a fast response time is very important andthis requires a security guideline to be used in the decision making process. Theguideline is developed by analyzing offline multiple fault scenarios using an automaticlearning approach. This ensures appropriate control actions can be performed withoutcompromising the response time required on a real system.The MPC based SIPS optimizes the control action at every discrete time instant byselecting the control action that leads to the minimized cost function value. Automaticlearning (AL) is utilized to predict power system dynamics by assuming each controlaction has been taken. Furthermore, a feature selection technique, that chooses themost relevant variables, is used to improve the performance of the AL prediction. Themodel predictive control (MPC) technique is performed every discrete time interval, sothe optimal control action is always selected.Two types of SIPS are tested and verified in the benchmark systems. Simulation resultsshow they can effectively protect the system from loss of synchronism in the aftermathof a large disturbance. This thesis also compares the two SIPSs and concludes thebenefits and shortcomings of each approach.

De nombreuses personnes immigrantes adultes arrivent au Québec chaque année et doivent apprendre le français, langue officielle de leur nouvelle société d’accueil, en salle de classe. Certaines d’entre elles ont peu d’expérience scolaire et sont peu alphabétisées, mais ont besoin de développer des compétences orales en français pour s’intégrer dans la communauté (Vinogradov et Bigelow, 2010). Les professionnelles et professionnels qui enseignent à ces apprenantes et apprenants le font sans programme-cadre (Vérificateur général du Québec, 2017) ni matériel adapté aux besoins spécifiques de leurs élèves (Bédard, 2021). Les choix pédagogiques que les enseignantes et enseignants font dans ce contexte sont donc variés. Le fait que les pratiques d’enseignement et les croyances des enseignantes et enseignants s’influencent mutuellement n’est plus à prouver (Borg, 2018). Notre étude a donc pour objectif de documenter les croyances d’enseignantes et d’enseignants œuvrant auprès de personnes immigrantes peu scolarisées et peu alphabétisées et d’identifier des pratiques d’enseignement de l’oral mises en place en classe de langue. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées auprès de dix enseignantes. Nous avons analysé leurs propos pour dégager les croyances sur l’apprentissage des langues, sur leurs élèves et sur le contenu à leur enseigner. Nous avons aussi exploré les pratiques d’enseignement qu’elles mettent en place dans leur classe pour enseigner l’oral. À l’instar d’autres études réalisées ailleurs dans le monde (Colliander et al., 2018; Ollerhead, 2012; Strube et al., 2013), nous avons vu que les participantes utilisent généralement des pratiques d’enseignement traditionnelles en initiant les interactions et en dirigeant la production orale des apprenantes et des apprenants. Ces pratiques sont possiblement reliées à des croyances sur les apprenantes et apprenants, caractérisés comme ayant des défis d’apprentissage de la langue, ainsi qu’à des croyances sur les contenus à privilégier pour l’enseignement de l’oral qui touchent davantage la forme que le sens. À la lumière de ces pratiques et de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet, nous émettons des suggestions d’activités s’harmonisant avec les modalités d’apprentissage identifiées chez les apprenantes et apprenants ayant peu d’expérience scolaire.

Il presente lavoro offre l’edizione critica del romanzo inedito di Luigi Fallacara (Bari 1890, Firenze 1963), L’occhio simile al sole, dall’autore stesso definito «il suo libro più caro e più importante», scritto, in base agli scartafacci, tra il 1945 e il 1954, durante un periodo di stasi lirica. Le numerose carte accumulate da Fallacara nel suo incontentabile lavoro correttorio, di cui si dà una dettagliata descrizione, sono dislocate in tre Archivi, quello della “Letteratura cattolica e degli scrittori in ricerca” presso l’Università Cattolica di Milano, il Centro manoscritti di Pavia e l’Archivio privato del poeta a Firenze. Si sono ricostruite tutte le fasi dell’iter compositivo, con la distinzione, tra l’altro, all’interno dell’unico Ms di due blocchi di capitoli (Ms1 e Ms2) corrispondenti a due distinte fasi redazionali; attraverso l’analisi dell’imponente materiale genetico e anche di carteggi inediti, si sono poi individuate alcune linee tematiche e interpretative del testo, dalla filigrana neoplatonico-dantesca al simbolismo solare, dal rapporto tra scrittura e pittura alle implicazioni autobiografiche, dalla componente mistico-francescana alle suggestioni montaliane e beethoveniane. Infine, oltre alla bibliografia aggiornata sull’autore, nella sezione iconografica vengono raccolti alcuni quadri di Fallacara che presentano significative analogie con quelli citati nel romanzo.<br>This thesis offers a critical review of the unpublished novel by Luigi Fallacara (Bari 1890, Firenze 1963), L’occhio simile al sole, which the author believed to be «his dearest and most important book». According to the available documents, the book was written from 1945 to 1954, during the author's hiatus from the creation of poetry. The large volume of notes produced by Fallacara as he tirelessly revised his work over and over, described in detail in this thesis, are stored in three Archives: the archive of “Catholic literature and writer researches” at the Università Cattolica in Milano, the Institute for manuscripts in Pavia and the poet's private Archives in Florence. This work reconstructs all phases of the creative process, identifying the two sets of chapters (Ms1 and Ms2) within one single manuscript, each of which represents a distinct drafting phases. By analysing the voluminous genetic materials as well as the unpublished documents, this work identifies the various themes and interpretative lines in the text, from the neoplatonic-dantesque lief motif to solar symbolism, from the relationship between writing and painting to autobiographical implications, from the mystical-Franciscan elements to the suggestions that emanate from Montale and Beethoven. Finally, alongside the updated bibliography for the author, the iconographic section collects certain paintings by Fallacara, which are poignantly analogous to those described in the novel.

Il presente lavoro offre l’edizione critica del romanzo inedito di Luigi Fallacara (Bari 1890, Firenze 1963), L’occhio simile al sole, dall’autore stesso definito «il suo libro più caro e più importante», scritto, in base agli scartafacci, tra il 1945 e il 1954, durante un periodo di stasi lirica. Le numerose carte accumulate da Fallacara nel suo incontentabile lavoro correttorio, di cui si dà una dettagliata descrizione, sono dislocate in tre Archivi, quello della “Letteratura cattolica e degli scrittori in ricerca” presso l’Università Cattolica di Milano, il Centro manoscritti di Pavia e l’Archivio privato del poeta a Firenze. Si sono ricostruite tutte le fasi dell’iter compositivo, con la distinzione, tra l’altro, all’interno dell’unico Ms di due blocchi di capitoli (Ms1 e Ms2) corrispondenti a due distinte fasi redazionali; attraverso l’analisi dell’imponente materiale genetico e anche di carteggi inediti, si sono poi individuate alcune linee tematiche e interpretative del testo, dalla filigrana neoplatonico-dantesca al simbolismo solare, dal rapporto tra scrittura e pittura alle implicazioni autobiografiche, dalla componente mistico-francescana alle suggestioni montaliane e beethoveniane. Infine, oltre alla bibliografia aggiornata sull’autore, nella sezione iconografica vengono raccolti alcuni quadri di Fallacara che presentano significative analogie con quelli citati nel romanzo.<br>This thesis offers a critical review of the unpublished novel by Luigi Fallacara (Bari 1890, Firenze 1963), L’occhio simile al sole, which the author believed to be «his dearest and most important book». According to the available documents, the book was written from 1945 to 1954, during the author's hiatus from the creation of poetry. The large volume of notes produced by Fallacara as he tirelessly revised his work over and over, described in detail in this thesis, are stored in three Archives: the archive of “Catholic literature and writer researches” at the Università Cattolica in Milano, the Institute for manuscripts in Pavia and the poet's private Archives in Florence. This work reconstructs all phases of the creative process, identifying the two sets of chapters (Ms1 and Ms2) within one single manuscript, each of which represents a distinct drafting phases. By analysing the voluminous genetic materials as well as the unpublished documents, this work identifies the various themes and interpretative lines in the text, from the neoplatonic-dantesque lief motif to solar symbolism, from the relationship between writing and painting to autobiographical implications, from the mystical-Franciscan elements to the suggestions that emanate from Montale and Beethoven. Finally, alongside the updated bibliography for the author, the iconographic section collects certain paintings by Fallacara, which are poignantly analogous to those described in the novel.

Um die Zuverlässigkeit von intelligenten Stromverteilerleisten zu überprüfen, wird eine Methode entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, weitestgehend automatisierte und herstellerunabhängige Messergebnisse aufzunehmen, zu vergleichen und zu bewerten. Die Betrachtung der Stromverteilerleisten erfolgt hierbei als Blackbox, welche durch einen möglichst vollumfänglichen Satz an Eigenschaften beschrieben wird. Der zur Messung notwendige Testplan wird aus dieser Beschreibung der Eigenschaften automatisch generiert und kann dann getrennt im Labor ausgeführt werden. Dabei wird eine durchgehende Dokumentation des Messablaufs und der Umgebungsbedingungen sichergestellt. Im Nachgang ist eine Analyse der Messergebnisse sowie eine teilautomatisierte Protokollerstellung möglich.

Il dead reckoning si suppone essere la più antica tecnica di navigazione sviluppata dall’uomo. Concettualmente basato sulla misura e successiva concatenazione degli spostamenti nel tempo, oggi viene applicato nella realizzazione di sistemi di navigazione basati su sensori inerziali (accelerometro e giroscopio) e altri sensori (magnetometro fra tutti), i quali permettono di ricavare velocità e direzione di spostamento istantanee. In questa tesi viene presentata una rassegna di alcuni tra i più moderni sistemi di dead reckoning e di pedestrian dead reckoning con riferimenti al posizionamento indoor. Si conclude che i primi sono destinati ad accumulare errore nel tempo ottenendo comunque ottimi risultati se realizzati con sensori costosi ma accurati, risultando invece addirittura inutilizzabili se basati su sensori particolarmente economici; l’impiego di altre tecnologie (GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth...), spesso limitato dallo scenario di utilizzo, permette di ottenere un’elevata precisione anche in sistemi con sensori inerziali di bassa qualità. Tecniche di sensor fusion (filtri di Kalman, filtri a particelle...) si rendono indispensabili o almeno molto utili in ogni situazione. Per i sistemi di pedestrian dead reckoning, che altro non sono che sistemi di dead reckoning limitati a scenari di utilizzo in cui l’utente si sposta camminando, valgono sostanzialmente le stesse conclusioni già indicate. Alcuni accorgimenti, derivanti dalla possibilità di rilevare i passi e calcolarne la lunghezza, rendono possibile ottenere sistemi molto precisi senza servirsi di sensori di fascia alta. È quindi possibile realizzare sistemi di navigazione indipendenti dal contesto in grado di operare in assenza di GPS e riferimenti esterni. Il dead reckoning, però, non si limita a questo e può essere un valido contributo in sistemi più complessi che prevedano un’infrastruttura o, comunque, varie fonti di dati sulla posizione.

Aquesta tesi se centra en l’edició i l’estudi de la Gramàtica catalana de Pau Cardellach i Busquets (1814-1879), una obra inèdita de la qual només existeix una còpia, manuscrita, avui dipositada a la Universitat de Girona. La gramàtica de Cardellach, només coneguda fins ara per referències indirectes, és una obra original que exemplifica una perspectiva davant la llengua catalana diferent de les que coneixíem fins ara en el segle XIX. El seu estudi contribueix a precisar millor el procés, tardà, de codificació gramatical de la llengua catalana i enriqueix la història de la filologia al nostre país. El treball necessari de contextualització de l’obra ha exigit també un estudi exhaustiu del seu autor i de les circumstàncies en què va produir la gramàtica. És per això que la tesi s’estructura internament en tres grans blocs: a) l’estudi biobibliogràfic de Pau Cardellach i de les circumstàncies en què va produir la Gramàtica catalana; b) l’edició crítica de l’obra, amb l’advertiment de tots els aspectes materials, dels problemes textuals i de les intervencions que s’hi han fet per posar-la a l’abast dels estudiosos; i c) l’estudi detallat dels continguts i de les particularitats de la gramàtica, i de la seva rellevància respecte del context gramatical contemporani<br>This thesis focuses on the edition and study of the Catalan Grammar of Pau Cardellach i Busquets (1818-1879), an unpublished work of which there is only one copy, handwritten, today at the University of Girona. Cardellach's grammar, which only known by indirect references, is an original work that exemplifies a different outlook on the Catalan language than those we knew so far in the nineteenth century. Its study helps to better define the late process of grammatical encoding of Catalan, and enriches the history of philology of Catalan. The necessary work to contextualize this book has also demanded a thorough study of its author and the circumstances that led to his grammar. Therefore, the thesis is divided internally into three sections: a) the bio-bibliographic study of Pau Cardellach and the circumstances in which he produced his Catalan Grammar; b) the critical edition of the work, with attention to all material respects, to the textual problems and to interventions to make it available to scholars; and c) the detailed contents and peculiarities of grammar, and their relevance to contemporary grammatical context study

L'objectif de ces travaux est d'étudier la dynamique de différents types de vagues extrêmes en eau peu profonde et plus particulièrement les tsunamis et les vagues scélérates. Pour modélisation et analyse, les simulations numériques sont réalisées à l'aide d'une méthode d'intégrales de frontières appelée BIEM (Boundary Integral Equation Method). Dans un premier temps nous considérons numériquement la dynamique des ondes solitaires, modèles simples pour les vagues de tsunamis dont la phase appelée "runup" sera l'objet d'un développement particulier. Afin de valider le modèle BIEM, nous confrontons les résultats numériques d'une onde solitaire déferlante avec une approche expérimentale. Une méthode de génération numérique de ces ondes est ensuite développée. Enfin une étude complète sur la collision frontale de deux ondes solitaires de Tanaka est effectuée. Un nouveau phénomène est alors découvert, puis exploré, la formation d'un jet résiduel en chute libre apparaissant à partir d'une valeur critique du paramètre de non linéarité a/h. Nous considérons ensuite numériquement la génération de vagues scélérates en eau peu profonde par focalisation d'énergie due à la nature dispersive des vagues. Ce travail s'attache à étudier entre autres l'influence du vent sur la dynamique de ces vagues. Le mécanisme d'abri proposé par Jeffreys est modifié par l'introduction d'un seuil de pente pour lequel un décollement aérien au-dessus des vagues apparaît. Ces vagues sont alors amplifiées et leur durée de vie est significativement augmentée."