Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pyschology'

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1

Petersen, Il-haam. "Psychosocial factors and academic performance among first-year financial aid students : testing adjustment as a mediator variable." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14648.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-135).
Students eligible to receive need-based financial aid represent a group of students that are of particular concern for universities in post-apartheid South Africa. The academic success of these students is a concern considering the high failure and attrition rates among these students, which represents a huge waste of financial resources for universities. There is however a paucity of literature on the determinants of academic performance among these students. The present study attempted to address the gap in the existing literature by investigating the effect of various psychosocial factors on the academic performance of first-year university students, who were the recipients of need-based financial aid at the University of Cape Town (UCT). The main aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that adjustment mediates the relationship between students' help-seeking behaviours, academic motivation, self-esteem, perceived stress and academic overload, and their academic performance. This hypothesis has not been tested previously. The sample for the present study consisted of 194 of the 465 students considered eligible to participate in the Student Development Programme at UCT. All of these students received need-based financial aid from the university. The sample for the present study consisted of participants between 17 and 28 years (M=19 years) who were mostly 'black' African participants and who mainly spoke an African language as their first language. Path analysis was utilised to test the hypotheses. The results show that adjustment did not function as a pure mediator. It was found that adjustment mediated some of the effects of the psychosocial factors on academic performance. Academic performance was best explained by the direct and mediated effects of the psychosocial factors. Intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, self-esteem and perceived stress were significant predictors of adjustment. Only extrinsic regulation and academic overload were significant predictors of academic performance. Further analyses revealed that the proposed model, including adjustment as a mediator variable, was more appropriate in explaining academic performance among male students than among female students. Gender differences in the effect of introjected regulation, self-esteem and perceived stress on adjustment were found. Only motivation was a significant predictor of academic performance among female students. Adjustment, academic overload and self-esteem were significant predictors of academic performance among male students. Further analyses were conducted to explore the effects of the individual SACQ sub-scales on academic performance. Academic adjustment had a significant positive impact on academic performance whereas social adjustment had a significant negative impact on academic performance.
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2

Hendry, Liam. "An item and order processing analysis of word length, generation and perceptual interference effects in human memory." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001436/.

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When participants are presented with lists of items for immediate serial recall, tradition would suggest that a race begins - between the need to constantly refresh or recycle the memory trace of that list, and a tendency for the memory trace to decay. Standard models in the literature assumed a complex interaction of mental subsystems whereby a controlling attentional process strove to keep the memory of such a list alive for a sufficiently long period of time so it could be remembered and output in order, using a type of recirculating loop rehearsal and storage mechanism to offset the decay process. Evidence supporting such models stemmed from the observation that more short words could be remembered in order than long words (Baddeley, Thomson, & Buchanan, 1975). This word length effect, described in the second chapter, was a crucial piece of evidence for rehearsal and decay models, in the example given, the recirculating loop was seen as being time-based and extremely limited in capacity, such that memory was deemed equivalent to the amount of information which could be cycled through the rehearsal loop in about two seconds. A number of recent challenges to this model of remembering have cast doubt on the nature of the process as described in such models as that of Baddeley (1990; 1996). Chapter 1 began by providing an overview of the development of such models from their earliest form, and also introduced some alternative ideas about the structure and function of human memory. A processing view was described, in which the probability of recalling a list of items depended not upon a race between decay and rehearsal, but on differential processing of items based on their nature. As remembering a list in its original order involves not only remembering the items themselves, but also information about how they relate together in the list, an alternate theory was advanced that in some cases the processing of information about the items, and information about their serial order could dissociate, producing a processing tradeoff. As individual items were better remembered, information about their presentation order diminished. This observation (Nairne, Riegler, & Serra, 1991) was introduced as the item-order hypothesis. The item-order hypothesis suggested that under certain conditions increased item processing could lead to deficits in order processing, and that this produced a dissociation in performance between item and order memory tasks. The generation effect (Slamecka & Graf, 1978) was one such example, as was the perceptual interference effect (Mulligan, 2000), and these were discussed in Chapter 3. The word length effect was seen as another instance where this tradeoff might be observed. A design incorporating elements of item and order tasks based upon Nairne et al. (1991) was detailed in the fourth chapter, leading on to empirical testing of the word length effect (Chapter 5), the generation effect (Chapter 6) and the perceptual interference effect (Chapter 7). This series of experiments compared word length and generation effects under serial recall and single item recognition tasks, using a range of test conditions designed to allow replication and extension of existing data from these separate streams of research. Results did not appear as predicted for some aspects of generation and all aspects of perceptual interference, and further experiments in Chapter 8 attempted to address the current findings. For the experiments involving word length, short words were better recalled than long words on the serial recall task, but long words were better recognised in the recognition task. Following additional manipulations in Chapter 8, the generation effect began to produce a similar pattern, but the results for perceptual interference were inconclusive. Word length data, however, were consistent with the item-order approach and supported a novel explanation for the word length effect. Implications and conclusions were discussed in Chapter 9.
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3

Oke, Marion. "Nurses, night duty and health : an investigation of night and day nurses' sleep patterns, health status, and family life." Thesis, School of Psychology, 1995. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/164816.

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"The primary aim of the study was to compare effects of night work and day work (rotating morning/day/evening shifts) on the physical, psychological and social well being of nurses."
Master of Applied Science
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4

Selkirk, Rosemary. "The effect of postnatal debriefing on the psychological health of mothers." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2012. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/${Handle}.

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One hundred and forty-nine women were recruited in Ballarat during the third trimester of their pregnancy, and systematically assigned to treatment and control conditions, to assess the effect of midwife-led postnatal debriefing on psychological variables.
Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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5

Skene, Wendy. "Attentional bias across the lifespan." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217888.

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This thesis takes a lifespan approach to investigate attentional bias from childhood into older adulthood. Using the dot-probe task throughout, the primary aim was to identify age-related differences in attentional bias across the lifespan. Short and longer stimulus presentation times were used in some studies to investigate the time course of attentional bias. Furthermore, anxiety and executive function were measured to examine how these factors may influence attentional bias across the lifespan. Results found that children showed an attentional bias away from emotion faces which was most evident in those with low trait anxiety. Young adults attended to angry faces at the short presentation time, this was not maintained at longer presentation times. In older adults, results showed an initial avoidance of happy faces followed by a bias towards happy faces at the later presentation time. A direct comparison between children and young adults found that children showed avoidance of emotion compared to adults. A direct comparison of young and older adults found in those with higher state anxiety, young adults showed a bias towards threat at the long presentation time, whereas older adults showed a bias away from threat. Contrary to the predominant theory of attention, executive function was not found to be related to attentional bias in children or young adults. However it did influence attentional bias in older adults, where poorer inhibition was related to a bias away from the happy face. To summarise, this thesis has identified differences in attentional bias according to age and prompts further research into how age, anxiety, executive function and attentional bias may interact in a non-clinically anxious population.
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6

Cliff, Amanda V. "Disinhibition and terrorism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/896.

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The problem of understanding how terrorists are psychologically enabled to undertake violence against other human beings is one that has not been adequately examined in past research on terrorism. Indeed, while much has been researched on discovering motivations for such acts, an examination and analysis of the loss of inhibitions as a significant factor in the overall process of becoming a terrorist has been somewhat overlooked. This thesis is an attempt to remedy this shortcoming in the literature, and therefore represents an inquiry into how the process of disinhibition relates to the overall process of terrorism. By examining a number of different factors theoretically and applying them to two contemporary cases of terrorism, this thesis aims to show that there are numerous disinhibitors in relation to acts of terrorism, and that, in some situations, these disinhibitors can relatively easily come into play.
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7

MacKendrick, Amelia Anne. "Investigating the development of community pyschology through multi-agency working in educational psychology services (Volume 1 of 1)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506082.

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8

鍾佩玲 and Pui-ling Leanne Chung. "Interactional effects of superiors' personality and leadership styles on immediate subordinates in Chinese organizations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220733.

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9

Kennedy, Steven. "A commentary on Cicero, Tusculan Disputations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3166.

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10

Bosco, Mary-Clare. "From Yosemite to a Global Market: How Patagonia, Inc. has Created an Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Model of Supply-Chain Management." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/178.

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There is an urgent pressure of the time (2016) to re-evaluate our patterns of consumption to adapt to changing climates and reduce waste and pollution. Because an immediate restructuring of global production strategies is not likely any time soon, industrial innovators are finding new ways of redesigning supply-chain management in efforts to move towards environmentally sustainable business in which all manufacturing practices are transparent. Patagonia, Inc. is a testament to the often-debated question of economic value in green business practices, and this thesis acts as an outline as to how they arrived at such an impressive presence in the business world, grow financially, maintain global influence, while maintaining their environmental priorities. Through its transparent and environmentally conscious supply-chain management, Patagonia has effectively set the scene for other producers to follow its lead in a time where redesign and innovation is the only answer to depleting natural resources and the need to eliminate waste. The crucial connection that Patagonia maintains with its consumers can be examined through the inherent environmental psychological analysis of Patagonia’s mission to create the highest quality product while doing the least amount of harm to the environment. The consumers who are buying products to engage in outdoor recreation presumably attach high value to those natural lands and waters that they are venturing out into. Therefore, with this deep emotional significance comes motivation to protect the sanctity of those places on Earth, and support those organizations and businesses that are driven by this same passion.
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11

Downing, Brenda. "Feeling the fleshed body: The aftermath of childhood rape [thesis]." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1413.

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The point of propulsion for this research is my raped and censured body with its somatic aftermath narrative. This doctoral research project is a feminist and creative investigation that sought to uncover and articulate the long term somatic impacts of childhood rape as they manifest in the adult female body. I employed a multi-modal, complementary, and embodied methodology using a combination of autoethnography, somatic inquiry, writing-as-inquiry, and performance-making-as inquiry. In addition to my autoethnographic explorations, I gathered information from other women raped in childhood, as well as information from women’s healthcare professionals. Drawing on the autoethnographic and participant information gathered, theoretical connections were made between lived subjective experience and contemporary feminist scholarship surrounding sexual violence and its aftermath, the raped material body as a site of articulation, the raped material body as a source of knowledge, and the raped material body as a site of resistance. The major component of the project was my autoethnographic engagement with and reflection on the somatic manifestations of rape trauma. This exploration, using a process I call somatic inquiry, involved a three and a half year immersion in the body-based, therapeutic and educative practice of Body-Mind Centering®. This method of inquiry was pivotal to the development of my understandings. An additional outcome of the project was the performance work, aperture. Made in collaboration with Alice Cummins, this creative piece emerged from my autoethnographic somatic inquiry research to sit alongside the body of the doctoral work as a companion to the thesis. I performed aperture to an invited audience in September, 2012 at The Chapel Space in Perth, Western Australia. Although the performance itself was not for examination, the process of making the performance was a crucial element of my research methodology. Writing and performance-making are the modes I have used to communicate my knowledge-making process. By embedding my research within a creative paradigm, I have challenged more traditional forms of social science knowledge production and dissemination whilst also honouring the ontological, epistemological, and transformational potentialities of subjective, embodied, and performative research The most crucial understanding to emerge from my research is that all rape begins with the body. My research has exposed the myriad and complex ramifications of rape trauma and has detailed how these ramifications extend well beyond the event itself. My research has also uncovered the ways the multiple manifestations of childhood rape trauma reveal themselves through the body in defiance of the sociocultural and familial silencing that so often accompanies disclosure, and in resistance to dominant discursive and psychological constructions of the aftermath of rape. My focus on articulating the body’s capacity to register and store trauma has significant implications for the treatment of and responses to the victims of childhood rape.
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12

Chapman, John. "Predatory War: A History of Violence." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1552.

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This thesis attempts to explain the reasons states choose to prey on other states or territories. A way of testing significance was devised and three variables were produced: Proclivity to violence, winning coalition size, and whether or not a war of conquest took place. The scope for this project was the time period of 1900-1950 and the location was Europe. The European countries were then refined down to a list of 10 states based on power ratings used in the Correlates of War. Then the leaders of each of these states were rated on a scale of 1 – 5 on personal violence, or how inclined they were to act violently. In order to determine this number their biographies were researched and specific traits were used to determine if they were violent individuals. These include military service, criminal history, participation in violent sports, support of military action, participation in a war effort, and any other examples of violent behavior. Second, the winning coalition size of each of these leader’s states was determined as an indicator of the amount of domestic support a leader had. This was ascertained by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita’s rating system. The third variable, the occurrence of a war of conquest, was determined by finding if there was a war of conquest that took place during the tenure of the individual leaders. The hypothesis is that a leader with a high proclivity to violence and a small winning coalition size will have presided over more wars of conquest than leaders with a low proclivity to violence and a large winning coalition. The three variables were compiled at the individual leader level totaling 151 cases and 10 countries. Then they were tested using the SPSS statistical program using a binary logistic regression. The results showed no significance between the variables. When tested individually however the independent variable of proclivity towards violence showed a p-value of .054, making it nearly significant at the .05 level. This finding illustrates a potentially significant correlation between the individual violence level of a leader and whether or not they initiate or continue a war of conquest.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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13

Chau, Fung-ming, and 周鳳鳴. "Reticence and anxiety in language classrooms: with regard to F. 1 students in a Hong Kong secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31944991.

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14

Nel, William Nico. "Developing a model of education support for the Khomani San School community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1812_1307511654.

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The aim of the research was to establish the factors relevant to the delivery of education support to the Khomani San school community, and to propose a model for appropriate education support to the Khomani San school community. In order to reach this aim I strove to answer the following questions: What ethics need to be considered to guide research with this indigenous community? What are the key policy guidelines for education support services in South Africa? Is there a link between community psychology and education support services in the South African context? How are education support services understood and currently delivered to the Khomani San school community? What suggestions can be proposed for relevant education support services delivery to the Khomani San school community?

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15

Brennan, Leah, and leah brennan@rmit edu au. "Cognitive behavioural evaluation and treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.141227.

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Despite increasing prevalence, significant negative biopsychosocial consequences, and few treatment options, overweight and obesity in adolescence has received very little attention in the scientific literature. The major objective of this research program was to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural (CBT) program in the treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity. Sixty three overweight or obese adolescents (28M, 35F) aged 11.5 to 18.9 years (M = 14.41, SD = 1.85) participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a CBT weight loss intervention. This comprehensive intervention program incorporated a range of CBT techniques aimed at assisting adolescents to establish and maintain healthy eating and physical activity habits. Treatment resulted in improved body composition post treatment and sustained or improved body composition following maintenance. Participation in a motivational interview (MI) prior to this CBT intervention did not influence treatment outcomes. Despite reductions in weight and body fat, lean body mass was not affected by the intervention, thus, treatment did not detrimentally effect linear growth and lean body tissue. Poor compliance with measurement protocols limits conclusions that can be drawn regarding the impact of treatment on eating and activity habits. However, results suggest that treatment resulted in a reduction in fat consumption, reduced saturated fat intake, and reduced time spent in sedentary activities. Increases in physical activity were not evident. The treatment seeking sample did not report elevated psychopathology levels and treatment did not impact on adolescent depression, anxiety, or stress. Adolescents receiving treatment reported improvements in disordered eating relative to those in the control condition. A secondary aim of this research program was to redress the limited information available on the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesit y. These factors were explored in community samples of adolescents (n = 161, M = 16.3, SD = I .8) and their parents, and young adults (n = 292, M = 19.7, SD = 2.0). In comparison to both normal and overweight adolescents, treatment seeking adolescents reported greater body dissatisfaction and weight. discontent. Body weight was not associated with psychopathology in the community samples and treatment seeking adolescents did not differ from normal or overweight adolescents from the community sample in terms of psychopathology. However, young adults who reported being overweight during childhood reported greater psychopathology as young adults. These findings suggest that excess weight in adolescence may have longer term rather than immediate effects on psychopathology. A number of family factors were associated with body weight in both adolescents and young adults. Combined, results indicated that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents and MI does not improve the efficac y of CBT. The current findings suggest that the impact of excess weight on psychosocial functioning is limited to body discontent and dissatisfaction in adolescence but is associated with increased psychopathology in early adulthood. Results also highlighted the importance of parents and family in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
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16

Kan, Kar-yin, and 簡加言. "An approach for revealing and charting the thinking an emotional outlook of junior secondary students as reflected in multi-writing tasks produced in Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45147887.

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17

Sorenson, Peter David, and peter sorenson@rmit edu au. "Signs of mid-life: images from the contemporary Australian mid-life male psyche." RMIT University. Applied Communication, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060428.113457.

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This research project investigates images from the contemporary Australian mid-life psyche, exploring the contribution to individual transformation made through the creation of, and reflective engagement with, personal imagery. Asking the question: 'What do contemporary Australian mid-life males consider to be a rich and sustaining inner life?' This project documents the visual images, descriptions, and reflections of a group of five participants, discussing the individuals' experiences of aesthetic self-inquiry with reference to divergent theories of psychology, art therapy and philosophy of aesthetics.
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18

Khodja, Messaoud. "Calcul tensoriel sur la catégorie des espaces probabilisablesApplication de l'A. F. C. à la pyschologie : la satisfaction au travail." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066791.

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19

Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes January 22, 2018." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626508.

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20

Dunkley, Mary E. "Entrepreneur or accountant? an exploratory study of accounting public practitioners and their accounting practices in Victoria and Tasmania." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/64922.

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21

Chuang, Ching-Ho. "Überzeugungen und Einstellungen zu Rückenschmerzen bei Deutschen und Taiwanern." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AD63-C.

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