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Journal articles on the topic 'Pyrolsis'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Guo, De Hui, Xiao Wang, Hai Rong Jiang, Guo Chun Chen, Zhang Yan, and Hui Xia Liu. "Pyrolysis Kinetics of PA66/CB." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.308.

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The pyrolysis kinetics parameters of material had an great importance on estimating material degradation during laser transmission welding. The PA66/CB was produced using a twin-screw extruder, and thermogravimetric experiment of PA66/CB was performed at different heating rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min, then the pyrolsis behavior and pyrolysis kinetics parameters of material were investigated based on the Kissinger, Starink and Freeman-Carroll three methods. The results showed that the pyrolsis process of PA66/CB was one step reaction. With the increase of heating rate, the initial reaction temperature and final pyrolsis temperature of TG curve and the peak temperature of DTG curve were shift to higher temperature. Temperature hysteresis was appeared but the final pyrolsis rate was not affected by heating rate. The activation energy on the biggest pyrolsis rate was not affected by the addition of carbon black. The activation energy calculated using Starink method was increased by the increase of conversion rate. The activation energy calculated using Freeman-Carroll method was bigger than Kissinger and Starink methods. The activation energy was calculated using Freeman-Carroll method, then using the nthmodel, and the pyrolsis kinetic equation was expressed as:dα/dt=2.053×1019[exp (-245.32×103/RT)](1-α)2.22.
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2

Liliedahl, Truls, and Krister Sjöström. "Modeling of coal pyrolsis kinetics." AIChE Journal 40, no. 9 (September 1994): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400910.

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3

Laffon, C., A. M. Flank, P. Lagarde, and E. Bouillon. "Study of the polymer to ceramic evolution induced by pyrolsis of organic precursor." Physica B: Condensed Matter 158, no. 1-3 (June 1989): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(89)90267-6.

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4

Pike, R. D., H. Cui, R. Kershaw, K. Dwight, A. Wold, T. N. Blanton, A. A. Wernberg, and H. J. Gysling. "Preparation of zinc sulfide thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolsis from bis(diethyldithiocarbamato) zinc(II)." Thin Solid Films 224, no. 2 (March 1993): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(93)90436-s.

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5

Lifshitz, Assa. "Gas pyrolsis in combustion single-pulse shock tube studies of N- and O-atom-containing heterocyclics." Combustion and Flame 78, no. 1 (October 1989): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90006-0.

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6

Erdem, Halil. "The effects of biochars produced in different pyrolsis temperatures from agricultural wastes on cadmium uptake of tobacco plant." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 3965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.016.

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7

Januszewicz, Katarzyna, Marek Klein, and Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska. "Gaseous Products from Scrap Tires Pyrolisis." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0035-6.

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Gaseous Products from Scrap Tires Pyrolisis In European Union 75% of used tires should be recycled. The most common method of used tires disposal, is burning in cement kilns, which does not solve the problem. Pyrolysis process can be an alternative way of utilization of tires. The aim of the researches was to check the influence of pyrolysis products (gas and oil fractions) on environment. Samples from pyrolysis process, like light oil fractions or pyrolysis gases were analyzed using gas chromatography. The pyrolysis installation should be hermetical, because of the PAHs which were detected in a light fraction of oil. In exhaust gases BTEX and PAHs were not detected.
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8

Helvaci, Ahmet, Sinem Geyik, and Ziya Özgür Yazici. "Activated Carbon Pruduction and Characterization Studies from Cane (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) by Microvave Assisted Pyrolsis Process." Nanoscience and Nanometrology 6, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20200601.11.

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9

Wang, Jian Mei, Fei Peng Cai, Fu Qiang Jin, Bo Wang, and Bo Jiang. "Study of Biomass Pyrolysis with TG-FTIR Technique." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.468.

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The pyrolysis behaviors of cotton stalk, corn stalk and corn cob have been investigated with the thermogaravimetric ananlysis(TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR). The results from TGA show that there are two reaction stages in the pyrolysis process, corn cob is easier to decomposition than others at the same temperature, and their pyrolysis process is different from each other. Different chemical component ratio maybe link with the variable biomass pyrolysis behaviors. The corn cob yield the most organic compound for its highest content of cellulose and the cotton stalk yield the most non-condensable gas in addition to H2 for its highest content of hemicellulose from the integrated data of peak area. Thus, the content of cellulose and hemicellulose have an important role in the biomass pyrolisis.
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10

Murugan, Sivalingam, Chandrasekaran Ramaswamy, and Govindan Nagarajan. "Influence of distillation on performance, emission, and combustion of a DI diesel engine, using tyre pyrolysis oil diesel blends." Thermal Science 12, no. 1 (2008): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801157m.

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Conversion of waste to energy is one of the recent trends in minimizing not only the waste disposal but also could be used as an alternate fuel for internal combustion engines. Fuels like wood pyrolysis oil, rubber pyrolysis oil are also derived through waste to energy conversion method. Early investigations report that tyre pyrolysis oil derived from vacuum pyrolysis method seemed to possess properties similar to diesel fuel. In the present work, the crude tyre pyrolisis oil was desulphurised and distilled to improve the properties and studied the use of it. Experimental studies were conducted on a single cylinder four-stroke air cooled engine fuelled with two different blends, 30% tyre pyrolysis oil and 70% diesel fuel (TPO 30) and 30% distilled tyre pyrolysis oil and 70% diesel fuel (DTPO 30). The results of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine indicated that NOx is reduced by about 8% compared to tire pyrolysis oil and by about 10% compared to diesel fuel. Hydrocarbon emission is reduced by about 2% compared to TPO 30 operation. Smoke increased for DTPO 30 compared to TPO 30 and diesel fuel.
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11

Hasumi, Maki, and Izumi Taniguchi. "Synthesis and characterization of Li 2 MnP 2 O 7 /C composite by a combination of spray pyrolsis and wet ball milling followed by annealing." Materials Letters 134 (November 2014): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.07.037.

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12

Kordatos, K., A. Ntziouni, S. Trasobares, and V. Kasselouri-Rigopoulou. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes on Zeolite Substrate of Type ZSM-5." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.722.

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The present work deals with the synthesis of carbon nanotube-zeolite composites using as method the catalytic liquid spray pyrolysis. The nanotubes were formed after pyrolysis of toluene on the surface of a zeolite of type ZSM-5, which was used as a catalytic substrate. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using the autoclave process and full characterized. Prior to the pyrolyses, the catalytic substrates were produced by mixing a certain amount of zeolite with a solution of Fe(NO3)3•9H2O of specific concentration. The obtained materials from the spray pyrolysis were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry-differential analysis (TG-DTA).
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13

Brown, RFC, N. Choi, and FW Eastwood. "Cyclopent[a]iondene (Benzopentalene) and Pentalene: Pyrolytic Formation From 3-Phenyl- and 3-Vinyl-phthalic Anhydrides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 48, no. 2 (1995): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9950185.

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Pyrolysis of 3-phenylphthalic anhydride at 900°/0.02mm gives cyclopent [a]indene, characterized by 1H n.m.r. at -70° and by formation of a cyclopentadiene adduct and of a dimer at room temperature. Pyrolysis of 3,4-, 3,5- and 3,6-diphenylphthalic anhydrides also gives much cyclopent [a]indene by loss of the additional phenyl group. 3,4-Diphenylphthalic anhydride forms triphenylene as the major product. The pyrolysate from 3-vinylphthalic anhydride contains the known dimer of pentalene , and phenylacetylene. Pyrolyses of 3-(1-naphthyl) phthalic anhydride and of 4-phenylphenanthrene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride are described.
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14

Hamidi, Nurkholis, Anggi Firmansyah, and Haslinda Kusumaningsih. "Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Reaktor terhadap Hasil Produk Pirolisis Eceng Gondok Secara Ex-Situ dengan Katalis Bentonit dan Penambahan Uap Air." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2020.011.03.23.

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The water hyacinth has high growth rates that can lead to various environmental problems and the production of large amounts of waste biomass. However, it can be a source of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bio-oil. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation on the pyrolysis process of water hyacinth ex-situ with bentonite catalyst and the addition of water vapor. Temperature variations used are 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C. The pyrolysis process uses 300 grams of water hyacinth and is carried out for 1 hour. The results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature reduced the char and bio-oil products, but increased the product of gas. Pyrolysis at 450°C produces a lot of bio-oil, while at the temperature of 650°C tends to produce gas products. Also, increasing the pyrolisis temperature results in a higher density of bio-oil. Gas chromatograph testing was carried out to determine the content of organic compounds found in bio-oil. Hydrocarbons are obtained which increase with increasing temperature. The highest percentage of the content of organic compounds is in oxygen compounds. Components of alcohol, phenols, ketones, aldehydes are functional compounds found in the content of bio-oil. Acid compounds are also contained in bio-oil from the results of pyrolysis of water hyacinth.
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15

Amin, Rafiqi Rajauddin, Rimbi Rodiyana Sova, Dewinta Intan Laily, and Dina Kartika Maharani. "STUDI POTENSI LIMBAH TEMBAKAU MENJADI BIO-OIL MENGGUNAKAN METODE FAST-PYROLYSIS SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN." Jurnal Kimia Riset 5, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v5i2.22513.

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The rapid development of industry causes the need for fuel and energy to increase, especially fossil fuels (petroleum). This has the effect of an energy crisis. Biomass is of particular concern as one of the renewable energy sources to address the current energy crisis. Biomass consists of hemiselulose, cellulose, and lignin that can be converted into liquids (bio-oils) of pyrolysis. One of the wastes that can be converted into bio-oil is tobacco waste. Tobacco waste is produced by more than 2 million tons eachs. The waste has the potential to be further processed into bio oil using fast pyrolysis method with efficient and quality bio-oil manufacturing measures. The bio-oil results from tobacco waste using the fast pyrolysis method have values of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and other organic compounds and the H/C ratio is greater than the yield of tobacco waste bio-oil using the low pyrolysis method. Where the bio-oil of tobacco waste using the fast pyrolysis method has a high heating value equivalent to the distribution of hydrocarbons from biodiesel, which means it has the potential as an alternative energy to replace petroleum. The potential as a substitute fuel for petroleum must also be balanced with fast and efficient production, maximizing bio-oil production by selecting the reactor and the optimum temperature usedKeywords: Waste, Tobacco, Bio-Oil, Renewable Energy, Fast-pyrolisis
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16

Tolkach, P. G., V. A. Basharin, and S. V. Chepur. "Toxic pulmonary edema due to inhalation of pyrolyzed polytetrafluoroethylene products in lab animals." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2018-0-3-80-85.

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Relevance.Thermal decomposition of various polymeric materials occur in emergency situations associated with fires, with pulmonotoxicants releasing in the environment. During pyrolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), a highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene is produced.Intention.To create an experimental animal model of toxic pulmonary edema due to products of thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene.Methodology.Polytetrafluoroethylene underwent pyrolysys at 440–750 0С during 6 minutes. Toxic pulmonary edema was modeled on rats via inhalation of pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene. An amount of polytetrafluoroethylene burned under these conditions with resulting death of 50 % of rats during 1 day was (2.68 ± 0.60) g. The toxic pulmonary edema diagnosis was confirmed histologically and by lung/body ratio.Results.In the pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene, highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene was found via gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, with relative content of 85.9 %. Such an exposure during 15 min increased (p = 0.01) lung/body ratio in laboratory animals in 3 hours. The toxic pulmonary edema diagnosis was confirmed histologically (signs of alveolar edema). Animals started to die 7 hours after the pyrolysis products inhalation.Conclusion.In the study on rats, toxic pulmonary edema was modeled via inhalation of pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene. This model can be used for searching etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy for poisoning with pulmonotoxicants.
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17

Ratnani, Rita Dwi, and Widiyanto. "A Review of Pyrolisis of Eceng Gondok (Water hyacinth) for Liquid Smoke." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187305010.

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The growth of eceng gondok (Water hyacinth) in Rawa Pening Lake showed rapid increase.. Based on the mandate of the National Lake conference in Bali and the 16th World Lake Conference, Rawa Pening is one of the fifteen national lakes which need to be treated for its conservation. Reducing number of eceng gondok plants is one of the alternatif. However, further processing is required to treat the waste of eceng gondok. One attempt is to convert eceng gondok (water hyacinth) into liquid smoke product. This article reviewes the potency of eceng gondok for liquid smoke through pyrolisis method. The liquid smoke can be used for various applications such as preservatives, antioxidants, biopesticides and perisa disinfectants. Pyrolysis is a combustion process in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid and charcoal activated charcoal products called activated charcoal. The pyrolysis process is generally carried out at a temperature range between 200-700 °C. The pyrolysis process is one of the methods chosen in order to strive for development that suppresses the formation of CO gas but releases water vapor. Pyrolysis at a temperature of 300-700 ° C, produces the most dominant compounds 1.6 Anhyro-beta-d-glucopyranose, phenol, and acetic acid. The reaction that occurs during pyrolysis of this temperature is the release of water vapor instead of carbon gas so that it is safe for the environment. The discussion on this article focused on the production of liquid smoke from eceng gondok biomass.
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18

Iko, La. "Pengujian Karakteristik Pembakaran Bahan Bakar Minyak Pirolisis Plastik Dan Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif." Enthalpy : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/enthalpy.v7i2.25473.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ratio of used cooking oil on the combustion characteristics of polypropylene (pp) plastic pyrolysis fuel oil. This study used a mixture of used cooking oil and pyrolysis oil of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, and 25%:75%, respectively. The results of mixing the used cooking oil are burned using a combustion container in an open space with. The maximum temperature obtained from each mixture was 20 minutes for a mixture of 75%: 25% used cooking oil, a 50%:50% mixture, 42 minutes for a mixture of 25%:75%. is 34 minutes.Key Words: Used cooking oil, plastic pyroliysis oil.
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19

ASSUMPÇÃO, Luiz Carlos Fonte Nova de, Mônica Regina da Costa MARQUES, and Montserrat Motas CARBONELL. "CO-PYROLYSIS OF POLYPROPYLENE WITH PETROLEUM OF BACIA DE CAMPOS." Periódico Tchê Química 06, no. 11 (January 20, 2009): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v6.n11.2009.24_periodico11_pgs_23_30.pdf.

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In this study, the process of co-pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) residues with gas-oil was evaluated, varying the temperature and the amount of polypropylene fed to the reactor. The polypropylene samples and gas-oil were submitted to the thermal co-pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere, varying the temperature and the amount of PP. The influence of the gas-oil was evaluated carrying the co-pyrolysis in the absence of PP. The pyrolysed liquids produced by this thermal treatment were characterized by modified gaseous chromatography in order to evaluate the yield in the range of distillation of diesel. As a result, the increase of PP amount lead to a reduction in the yield of the pyrolytic liquid and to an increase of the amount of solid generated. The effect of temperature increase showed an inverse result. The results show that plastic residue co-pyrolysys is a potential method for chemical recycling of plastic products.
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20

Haji, Abdul Gani. "Komponen Kimia Asap Cair Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v9i3.779.

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Chemical components of liquid smoke which is produced via pyrolisis of palm oil solid waste have been analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Solid waste consists of shell, empty fruit bunch, and palm fiber. Solid waste was obtained from palm oil manufactory in Tanjung Semantok, Aceh province. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical components in liquid smoke obtained from various palm oil solid waste. Sample was pyrolyzed at 500°C for 5 hours by using tube furnace reactor type 21100 which is equipped by thermolyne as temperature adjustment. The yield of pyrolysis from shell, empty fruit bunch and palm fiber are 52,02; 29,59; and 34,88%, respectively. The results showed that 27; 13 and 11 compounds of chemical were observed in liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis of shell, empty fruit bunch, and palm fiber, respectively. Overall, acetic acid and phenol are the highest concentration of chemical obtained in this research.
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21

Pedersen, Carl Th, Frank Jensen, and Robert Flammang. "Alkoxy Isothiocyanates as Intermediates in the Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis of Alkoxythioureas." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 1 (2009): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08406.

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Methoxy isothiocyanate MeO–NCS 2b was detected by matrix isolation IR spectroscopy following flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of N-methoxythioureas, N-tert-butyl-N′-methoxythiourea 1d being the best precursor. Isothiocyanates 3, amines, and aldehydes are also generated by FVP of several substituted N-alkoxythioureas 1 in the temperature range 400–800°C. The formation of these products can be explained either by secondary pyrolysis of initially formed alkoxy isothiocyanates 2, or by an initial cleavage of the O–N bond in 1 via a free-radical mechanism. N-Cyanoamines 4 and/or the tautomeric carbodiimides 5 are formed by another pathway. The pyrolyses were monitored by IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry, and the reaction mechanisms are supported by theoretical calculations.
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22

AlMohamadi, Hamad, Abdulrahman Aljabri, Essam R. I. Mahmoud, Sohaib Z. Khan, Meshal S. Aljohani, and Rashid Shamsuddin. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste: Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10499.342-352.

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Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) increases CO2, CH4, and SO2 emissions, leading to an increase in global warming, encouraging governments and researchers to search for alternatives. The pyrolysis process converts MSW to oil, gas, and char. This study investigated catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of MSW to produce oil using MgO-based catalysts. The reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and catalyst support were evaluated. Magnesium oxide was supported on active carbon (AC) and Al2O3 to assess the role of support in MgO catalyst activity. The liquid yields varied from 30 to 54 wt% based on the experimental conditions. For the noncatalytic pyrolysis experiment, the highest liquid yield was 54 wt% at 500 °C. The results revealed that adding MgO, MgO/Al2O3, and MgO/AC declines the liquid yield and increases the gas yield. The catalysts exhibited significant deoxygenation activity, which enhances the quality of the pyrolysis oil and increases the heating value of the bio-oil. Of the catalysts that had high deoxygenation activity, MgO/AC had the highest relative yield. The loading of MgO/AC varied from 5 to 30 wt% of feed to the pyrolysis reactor. As the catalyst load increases, the liquid yield declines, while the gas and char yields increase. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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23

Oramahi, HA, Purwati Purwati, Sofian Zainal, Iskandar Iskandar, Idham Idham, Farah Diba, and Wahdina Wahdina. "EFIKASI ASAP CAIR DARI KAYU LABAN (Vitex pubescens) TERHADAP RAYAP Coptotermes curvignathus." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 14, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11471-79.

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ABSTRACTEfficacy of liquid smoke from laban wood (Vitex pubescens) against Coptotermes curvignathus. Antitermitic activities of liquid smoke produced from Vitex pubescens against C. curvignathus was evaluated in this study. This research was conducted in two steps, i.e. pyrolisis of liquid smoke and efficacy test of liquid smoke as antitermite. Three kinds of liquid smoke were produced at three different pyrolysis temperatures, i.e. 350 oC, 400 oC and 450 oC. Termiticidal activity was evaluated by a no-choice test. The research indicates that concentration of liquid smoke and pyrolysis temperatures significantly affected termite mortality and mass losses of the filter paper. The relationship between the concentration of liquid smoke (X) and termite mortality (Y) at 350 oC, 400 oC, and 450 oC were Y = 31,4 + 11,76X, (r2 = 0,60), Y = 30 + 11,86X (r2 = 0,59), and Y = 26,66 + 7,6X (r2 = 0,429). The relationship between concentration of liquid smoke (X) and mass losses (Y) at 350 oC, 400 oC, and 450 oC were Y= 85,12 -3,188X (r2 = 0,723), Y= 88,06 – 3,435X + (r2 = 0,953) and Y= 91,56 – 3,867X (r2 = 0,886).
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CARNEIRO, Débora da Silva, and Mônica Regina da Costa MARQUES. "CO-PYROLYSIS OF POLYETHYLENE S WASTE WITH BACIA DE CAMPOS'S GASOIL." Periódico Tchê Química 07, no. 13 (January 20, 2010): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v7.n13.2010.17_periodico13_pgs_16_21.pdf.

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In this work the process of co-pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic residue was carried through with petroleum, in a temperature of 550°C. First, the polyethylene samples and petroleum had been submitted the thermal co-pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. Later they had been evaluated the efficiency of the process with variation of the amount of polyethylene residue added to the petroleum. The generated pyrolytic liquids had been characterized by modified gaseous chromatography, with the objective to evaluate the generation of fractions in the band of the distillation of diesel. It can be observed that the increase of the amount of PE in the half reactional favors the reduction of the income of pyrolytic liquid and the increase of the amount of generate solid. The results show that plastic residue co-pyrolysys is a potential method for chemical recycling of plastic products.
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CHWIST, Mariusz, Michał GRUCA, Michał PYRC, and Magdalena SZWAJA. "By-products from thermal processing of rubber waste as fuel for the internal combustion piston engine." Combustion Engines 181, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-202.

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The article presents results of investigation on the combustion of a mixture of oil from pyrolysis of tires and basic fuel in an internal combustion reciprocating piston engine. The tested fuel consisted of: diesel oil and oil from pyrolysis of tires at amount of 10% by volume. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder naturally aspirated compression-ignition engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail fuel injection system and an electronic control unit that allows changing injection timing. A comparative analysis of pressure-volume charts for the reference fuel, which was diesel, and for a mixture of diesel with the addition of 10% oil from tire pyrolysis was carried out during the study. Injector characteristics for the reference fuel and the mixture were determined. Engine efficiency for both fuels was determined. Unrepeatability of the engine work cycles for the diesel fuel and the tested mixture was calculated. Finally, the share of toxic exhaust components in exhaust gases was analyzed. It was found that pyrolisys oil from tires can be used as additive to regular diesel fuel at amount up to 10%, however, toxic exhaust gases emission was increased.
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Rio Nazif, Erlangga Wicaksana, and Halimatuddahliana. "PENGARUH SUHU PIROLISIS DAN JUMLAH KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP YIELD DAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS POLIPROPILENA." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i3.1545.

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The energy usage in Indonesia generally increase by the population growth, the economic growth and technology. Today, national demands of plastic is quite large and it continues to grow by the population growth. Plastics consumption in Indonesia is about 10 kg per capita annualy. One of the methode to reuse the plastic waste is making it to the liquid fuel by pyrolisis process. It is possible to do because the plastic is consist of monomers which will form the polymer. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of process variable (process temperature and active carbon catalyst) for yield and the quality of liquid fuel from polypropylene packaging glass plastic waste. Quality parameters that have been analyzed consist of density, specific gravity / API gravity, kinematic viscosity, heating value, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) characteristic, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spektrofotometer (GC-MS) characteristic, the pyrolisis process was using semi batch stainless steel unstirred reactor. Pyrolysis process was used 500 gram of polypropylene (PP) packaging glass plastic waste. Then carbon active catalyst is added by ratio catalyst : propilene (w/w) were 1 :10; 1,5 : 10 ; 2 : 10 ; 2,5 : 10 ; dan 3 : 10. Temperature variables were 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C dan 350 °C and it’s maintained in 2 hours. The last step was condensation, then the quality parameter of liquid product was analysed. From GC-MS analysis, the liquid product of pyrolisis most contains diesel fraction hydrocarbon that is C8 till C21. The pyrolisis temperature which produce the hydrocarbon near the best quality diesel is at 300 °C with ratio active carbon : PP is 10:2, and the analysis to the liquid fuel product claims that the liquid fuel is near to the best quality diesel, which fullfills the standard from commercial diesel.
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Setianingsih, T., D. Purwonugroho, and YP Prananto. "Synthesis of CNS, ZnO/CNS and ZnCr2O4/CNS composites from patchouli biomass by using microwave for remediation of pesticide contaminated surface water in paddy field." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012020.

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Abstract Patchouli biomass is a potential precursor for CNS synthesis. In this research, the patchouli was pyrolyzed using the microwave. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of microwave energy and activator toward physicochemistry of CNS and composite (ZnO/CNS) and application of ZnCr2O4/CNS for the pesticide polluted surface water remediation in paddy field. In the process, the biomass was pyrolyzed at four and 8W with and without the ZnCl2 activator. The products were blended and evaporated to obtain CNS and ZnO/CNS. The products were characterized using FTIR spectrometry, XRD, and dispersion test. The composites were used to synthesize ZnCr2O4/CNS at 600W in the microwave. The composites were used for buthylphenylmethyl carbamate pesticide degradation test (BPMC) for 48 h with H2O2 oxidation. The FTIR spectra indicated better carbonization for products taken using an activator at both microwave energies. The X-ray diffractograms showed the turbostratic structure of carbon obtained at 4W pyrolysis (with activator), meanwhile 8W pyrolysis (without activator). ZnO and turbostratic carbon structures were shown by the product of 8W pyrolisis with activator. The calcined composite indicated ZnCr2O4/CNS. The degradation test showed that ZnCr2O4/CNS(8W) catalyst decreased the BMPC concentration almost three times that of the composite (4W).
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Bapat,, Jayant B., Roger F. C. Brown, Glenn H. Bulmer,, Trevor Childs,, Karen J. Coulston, Frank W. Eastwood, and Dennis K. Taylar. "Formation of Cyclopent[a]indene and Acenaphthylene from Allyl Esters of Biphenyl Mono- and Di-carboxylic Acids and from Biphenyl Dicarboxylic Anhydrides on Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis at 1000 - 1100°C." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 12 (1997): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97119.

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Flash vacuum pyrolysis at 1000-1100°C of the allyl esters of the three isomeric biphenylcarboxylic acids, of the allyl esters of the 12 biphenyldicarboxylic acids and of the three biphenyldicarboxylic anhydrides gave pyrolysates which were examined by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy at temperatures below -50°C. In all cases the spectra showed the presence of cyclopent[a]indene and acenaphthylene together with other products. Possible mechanisms for these ring contraction and cyclization processes are discussed and the results of pyrolyses of [2,3-13C2] biphenyl-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, and [3,4-13C2]- and (2-2 H1)-biphenyl-3,4-dicarboxylic anhydrides are reported.
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Lister, Troy, Rolf H. Prager, Michael Tsaconas, and Kerry L. Wilkinson. "On the Thermally Induced Rearrangement of 2-Alkoxypyridines to N-alkylpyridones." Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 9 (2003): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03044.

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Analogues of 2-methoxypyridine undergo rearrangement to N-methylpyridones under flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) conditions. Ethoxy derivatives undergo competitive ethyl migration and elimination of ethylene. Analogues of 4-methoxypyridine do not undergo rearrangement under FVP conditions, but demethylation on silica may occur. The ease of rearrangement follows the basicity of the alkoxyhetarene to some extent. The vapour-phase rearrangements have been contrasted to condensed-phase pyrolyses, and a four-centre transition state for the former is supported by computation. The rearrangement allows structural assignment to the two products from the reaction of 2,4-dichloroquinoline with pyrrolidine.
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Ola, F. A., and S. O. Jekayinfa. "Pyrolysis of sandbox (Hura crepitans) shell: Effect  of pyrolysis parameters on biochar yield." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 4 (June 2, 2016): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2013-rae.

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Pyrolysis of sandbox shell was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of pyrolysis parameters on the pyrolysis process and identifies production conditions for the yield of biochar. Parameters investigated were heating temperature (400, 500 and 600&deg;C), heating time (10, 20, and 30 min) and particle size of feedstock (0&ndash;1.0, 1.0&ndash;2.5 and 2.5&ndash;5.0&nbsp;mm) in a laboratory batch pyrolysis process. The experiment was designed by applying response surface methodology through a three-factor full factorial design. The quadratic polynomial model obtained explains adequately the modelled response with coefficient of correlation, R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.8698. All the three variables significantly affected the biochar yield from sandbox shell, with heating temperature being the most effective followed by heating time and particle size of feedstock. Maximum biochar yield of 39.65% wt. occurred at 400&deg;C heating temperature and 10 min heating time with 1.0&ndash;2.5 mm particle size.
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31

Purnama, Desi Indah, Yoga Satria Putra, Muhardi Muhardi, Nur Hayati, and Afriadhi Triwerdhana. "Identifikasi Potensi Batuan Induk pada Formasi Santul di Sub-Cekungan Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara." PRISMA FISIKA 8, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/pf.v8i1.39637.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel batuan di Formasi Santul dari lima sumur pengeboran yaitu sumur M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, dan M-5. Identifikasi kuantitas dan kualitas, tipe dan kematangan material organik berdasarkan analisis nilai TOC, Rock Eval Pyrolisis (REP), Reflektansi Vitrinit (Ro%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Formasi Santul di lokasi penelitian memiliki kualitas cukup hingga istimewa (fair-excellent) sebagai batuan induk dengan nilai TOC 0.99 hingga 10.81%. Kerogen didominasi kerogen tipe III yang berpotensi menghasilkan hidrokarbon dalam bentuk gas dan kerogen tipe II/III yang berpotensi menghasilkan hidrokarbon dalam bentuk campuran antara minyak dan gas. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan batuan induk Formasi Santul yaitu belum mencapai tingkat matang hingga matang dengan nilai 0.27 hingga 0.71%.Kata Kunci : Batuan Induk, Geokimia, Reflektansi Vitrinit, Rock Eval Pyrolysis, Total Organic Carbon
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32

Stotesbury, S., H. Digard, L. Willoughby, and A. Couch. "The Pyrolysis of Tobacco Additives As A Means of Predicting Their Behaviour in A Burning Cigarette." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 18, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0680.

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AbstractIn order to understand the behaviour of tobacco additives in the burning cigarette it is important to know whether they transfer intact to the smoke or whether there is any decomposition during smoking. There are practical problems in comparing the chemical analysis of whole smoke from cigarettes with and without additives. Changes to the smoke chemistry may be insignificant in analytical terms and therefore missed from a general scan. Targeted analysis of key components potentially overcomes this concern, but has the drawback of being expensive in terms of time and analytical resources. Pyrolysis-GC-MS is an attractive solution in that it potentially enables the effects of combustion of a single material to be studied in isolation. However, it is not entirely valid to base an assessment of a material on a pyrolysis experiment alone unless the results can be demonstrably related to the cigarette smoke chemistry. The variables that affect the outcome of combustion are temperature, rate of change of temperature, oxygen concentration and chemical environment (matrix and gas phase). The key to this work has been in performing pyrolysis experiments under a range of different conditions and relating the experimental conditions to those within the burning zone of the cigarette to give a prediction of smoke chemistry. To test the theory in practise, the transfer and the extent of degradation of anisole, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, isoamylisovalerate, methyl trans-cinnamate and vanillin within a burning cigarette were investigated using this pyrolysis method. Pyrolyses were undertaken on each additive at 14 sets of pyrolysis conditions: temperatures between 200°C and 700°C in 2 % and 10 % oxygen, and at 800°C and 900°C in 2 % oxygen. By monitoring the presence of the intact additive in the volatile components from the pyrolysis, the temperature at which the additive is likely to transfer to the smoke was determined. By monitoring the decomposition products at temperatures up to this transfer temperature, the extent and products of decomposition likely from the additive were estimated. The pyrolysis predictions were compared with results from a previous study involving adding 14C-analogues of the materials to cigarettes and measuring the resultant radioactive species in the smoke. The results from the pyrolysis experiments lead us to make the following predictions: Anisole, isoamylisovalerate and vanillin will transfer intact to the smoke at 200°C. p-Anisaldehyde and methyl trans-cinnamate are likely to transfer to the smoke at a higher temperature of around 400°C leading to some decomposition/oxidation (3 % and 1 %, respectively). Benzaldehyde is likely to transfer to the smoke at 200°C, but at this temperature a significant amount (~26 %) oxidises to benzoic acid. Both compounds appear resilient to further degradation at higher temperatures. These levels of transfer were found to be consistent with smoke chemistry data.
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Himawanto, Dwi Aries. "KARAKTERISTIK RDF DARI SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH PYROLYSER ULIR." JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) 10, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jst-undiksha.v10i2.37144.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kondisi temperatur slow pyrolysis yang sesuai dari sampah kota terseleksi (segregated municipal solid wastes) guna menghasilkan bahan bakar padat alternatif (Refused Derived Fuel) secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan screw pyrolyser.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan rekaya peralatan proses slow pyrolisis secara berkesinambungan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan  screw pyrolyser yang tepat agar menghasilkan Refused Derived Fuel yang memiliki karakteristik produk minimal sama dengan hasil studi sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 variasi temperatur reaktor yaitu 3000C, 3500C, 4000C ,  4500C dan 5000C ..Dengan menggunakan prototipe pyrolyser ulir dengan kemampuan proses 6 kg/jam, dengan produk char yang dihasilkan terbaik didapatkan pada komposisi 70 % sampah organik yang dipirolisa pada temperatur pyrolyser 450°C. Char yang dihasilkan mengandung kadar air 1,77 %, kadar abu 9,66 %, volatile matter 66,387 % dan karbon tetap 22,17% serta memiliki nilai kalor 6,86 kkal/gram. Efisiensi proses yang didapatkan berkisar 95,3%.
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Himawanto, Dwi Aries. "KARAKTERISTIK RDF DARI SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH PYROLYSER ULIR." JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) 10, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v10i2.37144.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kondisi temperatur slow pyrolysis yang sesuai dari sampah kota terseleksi (segregated municipal solid wastes) guna menghasilkan bahan bakar padat alternatif (Refused Derived Fuel) secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan screw pyrolyser.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan rekaya peralatan proses slow pyrolisis secara berkesinambungan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan screw pyrolyser yang tepat agar menghasilkan Refused Derived Fuel yang memiliki karakteristik produk minimal sama dengan hasil studi sebelumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 variasi temperatur reaktor yaitu 3000C, 3500C, 4000C , 4500C dan 5000C ..Dengan menggunakan prototipe pyrolyser ulir dengan kemampuan proses 6 kg/jam, dengan produk char yang dihasilkan terbaik didapatkan pada komposisi 70 % sampah organik yang dipirolisa pada temperatur pyrolyser 450°C. Char yang dihasilkan mengandung kadar air 1,77 %, kadar abu 9,66 %, volatile matter 66,387 % dan karbon tetap 22,17% serta memiliki nilai kalor 6,86 kkal/gram. Efisiensi proses yang didapatkan berkisar 95,3%.
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35

Olivares, Mara, Silvia Román, Beatriz Ledesma, and Alfredo Álvarez. "Magnetic Behavior of Carbon Materials Made from Biomass by Fe-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization." Molecules 24, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 3996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213996.

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Biomass magnetic materials were synthesized by several hydrothermal carbonization methods, by which iron was provided in different ways: as FeCl3 prior to or during hydrothermal carbonization, as pure Fe particles, or as magnetic ferrofluid, followed or not by pyrolysis processes. The materials were thoughtfully characterized in terms of elemental composition, thermal degradation, porosity (N2 adsorption, SEM micrography), surface chemistry (FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffraction), and magnetization curves on a self-made installation. The results indicated that the process design can significantly improve the structure and chemistry of the material, as well as the magnetization effect induced on the adsorbent. Fe as FeCl3 was more interesting in regards to the development of porosity, mainly creating micropores, although it did not provide magnetism to the material unless a further pyrolysis was applied. Thermal treatment at 600 °C did not only increase the BET-specific surface (SBET) (262 m2 g−1) of the hydrochar, but also involved the transformation of Fe into magnetite, providing magnetic behavior of the hydrochar. Increasing pyrolyisis temperature to 800 °C even enhanced a better development of porosity (SBET of 424 m2 g−1) and also increased the specific magnetic susceptibility of the hydrochar as a result of the further transition of Fe into wustite and hydroxi-ferrite.
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Sedmihradská, Anežka, Michael Pohořelý, Petr Jevič, Siarhei Skoblia, Zdeněk Beňo, Josef Farták, Bohumír Čech, and Miroslav Hartman. "Pyrolysis of wheat and barley straw." Research in Agricultural Engineering 66, No. 1 (March 27, 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2019-rae.

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Pyrolysing agricultural crop residues and other biomass constitutes a newer method of transforming often difficult, waste materials into a novel type of soil amendment/additive. Simultaneously, this process also makes it possible to exploit part of the energy released in the agricultural production. Biochar, viewed as the solid product of biomass pyrolysis, is a remarkable, porous material, rich in carbon. Two agricultural crop residues, such as wheat and barley straw, were selected for the experimental studies. The results indicate that the practical temperature for the production of biochar from the two explored materials occurs in the vicinity of 600 °C. Starting at this temperature, the biochar produced complies safely with the principal European Biochar Certificate standards (EBC 2012). Thus, for the wheat straw and barley straw – originated char, the content of the carbon amounts to 67.2 and 67.0 mass %, the atomic ratio H : C is as large as 0.032 and 0.026, and the specific surface area amounts to 217 and 201 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>–1</sup>, respectively.
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37

Jamilatun, Siti, Budhijanto Budhijanto, Rochmadi Rochmadi, and Arief Budiman. "Thermal Decomposition and Kinetic Studies of Pyrolysis of Spirulina Platensis Residue." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.193-201.

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Analysis of thermal decomposition and pyrolisis reaction kinetics of Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) was performed using Thermogravimetric Analyzer. Thermal decomposition was conducted with the heating rate of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50oC/min from 30 to 1000oC. Thermogravimetric (TG), Differential Thermal Gravimetric (DTG), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) curves were then obtained. Each of the curves was divided into 3 stages. In Stage I, water vapor was released in endothermic condition. Pyrolysis occurred in exothermic condition in Stage II, which was divided into two zones according to the weight loss rate, namely zone 1 and zone 2. It was found that gasification occurred in Stage III in endothermic condition. The heat requirement and heat release on thermal decomposition of SPR are described by DTA curve, where 3 peaks were obtained for heating rate 10, 20 and 30°C/min and 2 peaks for 40 and 50°C/min, all peaks present in Zone 2. As for the DTG curve, 2 peaks were obtained in Zone 1 for similar heating rates variation. On the other hand, thermal decomposition of proteins and carbohydrates is indicated by the presence of peaks on the DTG curve, where lignin decomposition do not occur due to the low lipid content of SPR (0.01wt%). The experiment results and calculations using one-step global model successfully showed that the activation energy (Ea) for the heating rate of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50oC/min for zone 1 were 35.455, 41.102, 45.702, 47.892 and 47.562 KJ/mol, respectively, and for zone 2 were 0.0001428, 0.0001240, 0.0000179, 0.0000100 and 0.0000096 KJ/mol, respectively.Keywords: Spirulina platensis residue (SPR), Pyrolysis, Thermal decomposition, Peak, Activation energy.Article History: Received June 15th 2017; Received in revised form August 12th 2017; Accepted August 20th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Jamilatun, S., Budhijanto, Rochmadi, and Budiman, A. (2017) Thermal Decomposition and Kinetic Studies of Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue, International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6(3), 193-201.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.193-201
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Carlsen, Lars, Anders Feldthus, and Peter Bo. "Solid state pyrolyses Part 2: Solid state kinetics studied by pyrolysis—gas chromatography." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 19 (July 1991): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(91)80032-4.

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Munarwan, Edi. "KARAKTERISTIK BIO-OIL HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH BREM DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 7, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v7i1.552.

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Abstract The increasing number of automotive technology and vehicle cause using fossil fuel also rises. So it is needed alternative fuel as replacement or mixing of the fuel, for keeping the existence so that the crisis of fuel will not happen. Bio-oil is a product resulted from pyrolisis which can be used as solar fuel mixing. Bio-oil is a obtained from brem waste which is processed with pyrolisis technique. Pyrolisis is a substance burning process in high temperature without using oxygen. In this research is using 250oC, 350oC, 450oC and 550oC temperature variation which need 3 hours of time and mass 500 grams. The Bio-oil which is produced by pyrolisis is combined by solar and tested to determine the characteristic. The first trial is done to earn the volume pyrolisis result from each temperature. The second trial uses ASTM D 445-12 method to earn viscosity in 40oC temperature and ASTM D 93-12 method to get flash point. The result of the trial shows the highest volume is earned from 5500C temperature which produce bio-oil around 254 ml. The trial result of 5% bio-oil combination from every temperature is earned the best result from 450oC temperature, while the optimal mixing percentage bio-oil with solar is earned the highest viscosity inmixture of 15% bio-oil which 85% solar around 4,779 mm2/s and the highest flash point is earned from mixture of 5% bio-oil which 95% solar around 61oC. Keywords : bio-oil, pyrolysis, flash point, viscosity AbstrakPeningkatan teknologi otomotif dan jumlah kendaraan yang meningkat menyebabkan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat. Maka dibutuhkan bakan bakar alternatif sebagai pengganti atau campuran bahan bakar, untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi krisis bahan bakar. Bio-oil merupakan salah satu produk hasil pirolisis yang dapat digunakan sebagai campuran bahan bakar solar. Bio-oil diperoleh dari limbah brem yang diproses dengan cara pirolisis. Pirolisis merupakan proses pembakaran suatu bahan pada suhu tinggi tanpa oksigen. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan variasi temperatur 250oC, 350oC, 450oC dan 550oC dengan waktu 3 jam dan massa 500 gram. Bio-oil hasil pirolisis divariasikan dengan solar dan diuji untuk mengetahui karakteristiknya. Pengujian pertama dilakukan untuk mendapatkan volume hasil pirolisis dari tiap temperatur. Pengujian kedua menggunakan metode ASTM D 445-12 untuk mendapatkan viskositas pada suhu 40oC dan metode ASTM D 93-12 untuk mendapatkan titik nyala. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan volume tertinggi diperoleh dari temperatur 5500C menghasilkan bio-oil sebanyak 254 ml. Hasil pengujian variasi campuran 5% bio-oil dari tiap temperatur diperoleh hasil yang terbaik yaitu dari temperatur 4500C, sedangkan persentase campuran yang optimal bio-oil dengan solar diperoleh viskositas tertinggi pada campuran 15% bio-oil dengan 85% solar sebesar 4,779 mm2/s dan titik nyala tertinggi diperoleh dari campuran 5% bio-oil dengan 95% solar sebesar 61oC Kata Kunci: : bio-oil, pirolisis, titik nyala, viskositas
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Lin, Xiaona, Zhijun Zhang, Shun Tan, Fengqiang Wang, Yongming Song, Qingwen Wang, and Charles U. Pittman. "In line wood plastic composite pyrolyses and HZSM-5 conversion of the pyrolysis vapors." Energy Conversion and Management 141 (June 2017): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.071.

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Cerdà, J., A. Cirera, A. Vilà, R. Diaz, A. Cornet, and J. R. Morante. "SnO2 nanocristalino mediante pirólisis líquida." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 39, no. 4 (August 30, 2000): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2000.v39.i4.819.

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42

Aliyev, A. M., A. R. Safarov, I. V. Balayev, I. I. Osmanova, and A. M. Guseynova. "CONTROL OF PROPANE PYROLYSIS PROCESS IN NONSTATIONARY CONDITIONS." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2020-1-6-10.

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43

Nyakuma, Bemgba, and Olagoke Oladokun. "BIOFUEL CHARACTERIZATION AND PYROLYSIS KINETICS OF ACACIA MANGIUM." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.03.392.

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44

Ridolf, Lady Dian, Sinar Perbawani Abrina Anggraini, Maria Odelia Gani, and Tio Noviadi. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Bambu Menjadi Asap Cair sebagai Pengawet Alami pada Struktur Kayu." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v3i2.964.

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Kualitas kayu yang semakin menurun mengakibatkan keresahan bagi masyarakat terutama para pengrajin kayu dan industri karet. Hal ini dikarenakan, semakin banyaknya penggunaan bahan pengawet kayu yang membahayakan kesehatan. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengawetkan kayu, yaitu melalui pemanfaatan limbah pertanian atau biomassa seperti bambu dengan proses pirolisis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan kualitas asap cair dengan limbah bambu sebagai pengawet alami kayu. Pada penelitian dilikakukan proses pirolisis dan pemurnian asap cair dari bambu menggunakan reaktor pirolisis pada kondisi operasi optimum dimana panjang pipa penghubung kondensor yang digunakan adalah 43 cm pada suhu 250ºC selama 1,5 jam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rendemen asap cair yang diperoleh dari masing-masing pipa penghubung kondensor 43 cm adalah 19,5 dengan nilai pH dan fenol 2,43 dan 1,15%.Kata kunci: Asap cair; pengawet alami; rendemen asap cair; pH dan fenol.ABSTRACTThe quality of the wood that declining result in unrest for the public especially the craftsmen of wood and rubber industry. This is because, more use of wood preservatives that endanger health. One of theways that can be done to preserve the wood, namely through the utilization of agricultural waste or biomass such as bamboo by pyrolisis. The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of liquid smoke with bamboo as a preservative atural waste wood. Research on the pyrolysis is done and liquid smoke purification of bamboo pyrolysis reactor using on optimum operating condirions where the length of the connecting pipe condenser used is 43 cm at a temperature of 250 ºC for 1.5 hours. The results of this study showed yield liquid smoke obtained from each of the connecting pipes of the condenser is 19.5 cm 43 with the pH and the phenol 2,43 and 1,15%.
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Han, Lei, Jinling Li, Chengtun Qu, Zhiguo Shao, Tao Yu, and Bo Yang. "Recent Progress in Sludge Co-Pyrolysis Technology." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 7574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137574.

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With the development of society and industry, the treatment and disposal of sludge have become a challenge for environmental protection. Co-pyrolysis is considered a sustainable technology to optimize the pyrolysis process and improve the quality and performance of pyrolysis products. Researchers have investigated the sludge co-pyrolysis process of sludge with other wastes, such as biomass, coal, and domestic waste, in laboratories. Co-pyrolysis technology has reduced pyrolysis energy consumption and improved the range and quality of pyrolysis product applications. In this paper, the various types of sludge and the factors influencing co-pyrolysis technology have been classified and summarized. Simultaneously, some reported studies have been conducted to investigate the co-pyrolysis characteristics of sludge with other wastes, such as biomass, coal, and domestic waste. In addition, the research on and development of sludge co-pyrolysis are expected to provide theoretical support for the development of sludge co-pyrolysis technology. However, the technological maturity of sludge pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis is far and needs further study to achieve industrial applications.
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46

Wentrup, Curt. "Flash (Vacuum) Pyrolysis Apparatus and Methods." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (2014): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14096.

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The history of pyrolysis equipment, methods, and reactions is narrated in the Introduction. Detailed descriptions of flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) (or thermolysis, FVT) apparatus for preparative and spectroscopic (UV, IR, electron spin resonance) purposes with product isolation at 77 K or in Ar matrices at ~10 K are presented. Very low pressure pyrolysis (VLPP), laser pyrolysis, and pulsed pyrolysis (jet flash pyrolysis) are also described together with illustrations of apparatus. The solvent spray flash vacuum pyrolysis (SS-FVP) of liquids or solutions of compounds of low volatility is described together with methods for the addition of solids to a pyrolysis tube, in particular details of pipto-pyrolysis (‘falling solid pyrolysis’). Methods used for catalytic vacuum gas–solid reactions (VGSR) are also summarised.
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47

Li, Zhi Hua, Kun Yuan, Ya Zhou Yu, Fei Peng Liu, and Xu Chao Li. "Study on Pyrolysis Methods and Equipment of the Waste Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.529.

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Pyrolysis is one of the important methods to dispose waste rubber. This paper analyses the present pyrolysis methods and pyrolysis of the waste rubber, points out that the microwave pyrolysis as a new method, can cut down pyrolysis temperature, control the composition of products effectively and improve the pyrolysis quality. Microwave pyrolysis equipment can not only save the energy but also protect the environment. It will be found wide application in the future.
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48

HIMAWANTO, DWI ARIES, R. DHIMAS DHEWANGGA P, HARWIN SAPTOADI, TRI AGUNG ROHMAT, and INDARTO INDARTO. "PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI MENJADI REFUSED DERIVED FUEL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT ALTERNATIF." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2012): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no2.127-133.

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Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) has great potential as a clean, renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers through thermochemical, called pyrolyis, and densification processes to form a Refused Derived Fuels (RDF), i.e MSW char briquette. In this article, thermogravimetry analysis has done to analyzed combustion characteristic of MSW briquette dan MSW char briquette. The sample in this research is 70 % wt MSW organic component 30 % wt MSW non organic component. . The 20 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased 10 0C/min and until sample temperature reaches 400 0C and held for 30 minutes before the sample is cooled into room temperature. 100 ml/min nitrogen is introduced from the bottom of furnace as a swept gas.. The formed char is densified and then characterized in a self manufactured macro balance, adopted from Swithenbank et al.. The 3 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased wih the selected heating rate until sample mass nearly constant.The results of the research showed that the effect of pyrolysis give the increase of sample heating value and give the lower ignition temperature of char briquette combustion.
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49

Luo, Huihong, Shaohong Chen, Jie Li, Xiaoting Hou, Nuo Chen, Haipeng Lan, Dongyong Cai, et al. "Feasibility of Biochar Preparation with Solar Pyrolysis Method." E3S Web of Conferences 299 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129903003.

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China is a large agricultural country with a large annual output of straw resources. Compared with other straw treatment technologies, pyrolysis technology has the advantages of simple operation and high utilization value of products, but the traditional pyrolysis technology takes the combustion of fossil fuels as heat source, which has the problem of high energy consumption. Solar pyrolysis has attracted much attention because of its cleanliness and sustainability. To explore the feasibility of solar pyrolysis of straw. In this paper, the corncob biochar prepared by solar pyrolysis device and traditional pyrolysis device (muffle furnace and tube furnace) were compared. The experimental results show that the solar pyrolysis device can reach the pyrolysis temperature range of biomass, and the yield and physicochemical properties of the biochar obtained by the solar pyrolysis device are similar to those obtained by the traditional pyrolysis device. Therefore, the preparation of biochar by solar pyrolysis is a feasible method.
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50

Izzatie, N. I., M. H. Basha, Y. Uemura, M. S. M. Hashim, M. Afendi, and M. A. F. Mazlan. "Co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) and polypropylene (PP) in a fixed bed pyrolyzer." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 4636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.20.0390.

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Co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) waste and polypropylene (PP) was carried out at different temperatures (450,500,550, and 600°C) with biomass to plastics ratio 1:1 by using fixed bed drop-type pyrolyzer. The yield of pyrolysis oil has an increasing trend as the temperature increased from 450°C to 550°C. However, the pyrolysis oil yield dropped at a temperature of 600°C. Co-pyrolysis of RWS and PP generated maximum pyrolysis oil with 36.47 wt.% at 550°C. The result is compared with the pyrolysis of RWS only without plastics, with the same feedstock, and the maximum pyrolysis oil yield obtained was 33.3 wt.%. The water content in pyrolysis oil of co-pyrolysis RWS with PP is lower than RWS only with 54.2 wt.% and 62 wt.% respectively. Hydrocarbons, acyclic olefin, alkyl, and aromatic groups are the major compound in the pyrolysis oil from the co-pyrolysis process. Carbon monoxide (52.2 vol.%) and carbon dioxide (38.2 vol.%) are the major gas components.
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