Academic literature on the topic 'Pyrolsis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pyrolsis"
Guo, De Hui, Xiao Wang, Hai Rong Jiang, Guo Chun Chen, Zhang Yan, and Hui Xia Liu. "Pyrolysis Kinetics of PA66/CB." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.308.
Full textLiliedahl, Truls, and Krister Sjöström. "Modeling of coal pyrolsis kinetics." AIChE Journal 40, no. 9 (September 1994): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400910.
Full textLaffon, C., A. M. Flank, P. Lagarde, and E. Bouillon. "Study of the polymer to ceramic evolution induced by pyrolsis of organic precursor." Physica B: Condensed Matter 158, no. 1-3 (June 1989): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(89)90267-6.
Full textPike, R. D., H. Cui, R. Kershaw, K. Dwight, A. Wold, T. N. Blanton, A. A. Wernberg, and H. J. Gysling. "Preparation of zinc sulfide thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolsis from bis(diethyldithiocarbamato) zinc(II)." Thin Solid Films 224, no. 2 (March 1993): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(93)90436-s.
Full textLifshitz, Assa. "Gas pyrolsis in combustion single-pulse shock tube studies of N- and O-atom-containing heterocyclics." Combustion and Flame 78, no. 1 (October 1989): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90006-0.
Full textErdem, Halil. "The effects of biochars produced in different pyrolsis temperatures from agricultural wastes on cadmium uptake of tobacco plant." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 3965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.016.
Full textJanuszewicz, Katarzyna, Marek Klein, and Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska. "Gaseous Products from Scrap Tires Pyrolisis." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0035-6.
Full textHelvaci, Ahmet, Sinem Geyik, and Ziya Özgür Yazici. "Activated Carbon Pruduction and Characterization Studies from Cane (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) by Microvave Assisted Pyrolsis Process." Nanoscience and Nanometrology 6, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.nsnm.20200601.11.
Full textWang, Jian Mei, Fei Peng Cai, Fu Qiang Jin, Bo Wang, and Bo Jiang. "Study of Biomass Pyrolysis with TG-FTIR Technique." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.468.
Full textMurugan, Sivalingam, Chandrasekaran Ramaswamy, and Govindan Nagarajan. "Influence of distillation on performance, emission, and combustion of a DI diesel engine, using tyre pyrolysis oil diesel blends." Thermal Science 12, no. 1 (2008): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801157m.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pyrolsis"
Sundberg, Elisabet. "Granskning av avancerade pyrolysprocesser med lignocellulosa som råvara – tekniska lösningar och marknadsförutsättningar." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207584.
Full textThe population growth as well as a rapid technical and economic development globally affects the energy consumption. This requires a secure, stable and sustainable supply of energy. Today fossil fuels dominate globally and this results in environmental problems. Fossil fuels are also a finite, unsustainable resource. Thus, there is a need to replace fossil fuels with sustainable alternative sources of energy. This is also central for environmental goals both in Sweden and in the European Union. There are expectations that processes for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to solid, liquid and gaseous fuels can contribute to a transition from fossil to renewable fuels. In this thesis, carried out in collaboration between KTH and IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, one of the conversion processes is investigated in detail – pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermal process that converts lignocellulose under anaerobic conditions at temperatures between about 300-650°C. Three phases can be obtained as products. A volatile which can be condensed into pyrolysis oil, a solid which may be termed biochar or charcoal depending on the end use, and a gas phase. The yield and the quality of the products is dependent upon the type of raw material, the type of reactor and the process conditions. An examination of the status of different pyrolysis processes on or on the way to the market has been made. The current degree of commercialization and what the future may look like for both the technology and the products have been assessed through literature studies, internet searches, and interviews with selected companies and individuals with expertise in pyrolysis. This report reveals that continuous pyrolysis is not yet a fully commercial process, but that it has the opportunity to reach commercialization during the right conditions. It is difficult to say when it occurs, due to various external factors, continued technical development, increased knowledge of the pyrolysis process and results of the current demonstrations. In this report, several critical factors for the commercialization of pyrolysis in Sweden have been identified, e.g. increased stability for policy instruments and that will limit the risk for investments (uncertainty and short-term decisions frightens investors) and the establishment of a value chain for the products, i.e. a stable market. Prices on fossil fuels and biomass feedstock are also important factors. Processes for the production of biochar is in the early stages of commercialization, and seem to have reached further in their development than processes for pyrolysis oil. The only fully commercial application of pyrolysis today is the production of charcoal that commonly is performed in traditional batch-wise processes. There are many possible uses for the products in which they have the potential to reduce carbon emissions and contribute to a more sustainable future. Standardization and certification of products is important, and demonstration of the use. Stabilization and further upgrading of pyrolysis oil is another important factor for commercialization. It seems like processes for catalytic upgrading are not yet sufficiently technically or financially developed to be able to provide a competitive product. Research and development in this area are ongoing. Integration of the process with incumbent industrial processes seems to be able to offer increased energy efficiency and reduced production costs.
Abbas, Husam. "Comparative analysis of different pyrolysis techniques by using kraft lignin : Jämförelse mellan olika pyrolys metoder." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78871.
Full textGustafsson, Mattias. "Pyrolys för värmeproduktion : Biokol den primära biprodukten." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15501.
Full textPyrolysis is the process where biomass is heated in an environment with low oxygen level forming pyrolysis gas and char. Pyrolysis gas can be combusted to produce heat with low emissions and the char has a multitude of uses: soil improvement, animal feed supplements, filter material, carbon storage, energy source, steel production etc. If certain requirements for the fuel and how the char is used the char certified as biochar. The purpose of this report is to determine if the pyrolysis technology is a sustainable, technical and economical alternative to pellet and wood chip combustion for heat production. The goal is to convey pyrolysis technical and economic conditions, both positive and negative. The report is based on a combination of literature reviews, interviews, plant visits and reference group discussions. Pyrolysis has been used for thousands of years to produce char. Areas, of a total area larger than the Great Britain, with pitch black soils were discovered in the Amazon. This black soil, terra preta, is enriched with carbon, and has thus become much more fertile than the surrounding native soil. In Sweden char was produced to meet the metal industries’ demand for char as material and fuel. Unlike pellet and wood chip combustion, pyrolysis can use a variety of fuels, as long as they meet the requirements of calorific value and moisture content. The market for biochar is growing particularly in Germany but is still small in Sweden. The suppliers of pyrolysis plants visited in this report, Pyreg and Carbon Terra, develop their plants in order to produce biochar. Pyreg has developed a process with a screw reactor and an integrated pyrolysis gas combustor to be able to use sewage sludge as fuel. Carbon Terra’s process is simple and robust, with a focus to produce large quantities of carbon. The strengths of the pyrolysis technique are the flexibility to use different types of fuels, low emission, low environmental impact and the different uses of the char. Looking at weaknesses, they are market-related; undeveloped Swedish market and lack of knowledge of how to use biochar. In addition, the pyrolysis facilities have static power output that they are less flexible than pellets and wood chip combustors. At a time when finding solutions on climate change are urgent, carbon storage, using biochar as a soil improver and conversion of pyrolysis gas as a vehicle fuel are great opportunities. However, the existing pellet and wood chip combustion is well established as a heating technology, which could pose a threat to the pyrolysis technology entering the market. The lack of regulation due to shortages of knowledge of pyrolysis may also prevent the establishment of pyrolysis plants. The conclusion of this report is that pyrolysis is a good alternative to conventional pellet and wood chip combustion if you can manage the static power output and that you realize the value of the char. Heat production from pyrolysis produce lower emissions including CO, NOx and smog particles than pellets and wood chip combustion and biochar used for carbon storage has the possibility of significant global climate impact. The strongest influences on the economic calculation are the cost of fuel and the revenue of the char. The strength of being able to choose different types of fuel makes it possible to have a fuel at zero cost if the material is otherwise regarded as waste. The market for biochar in Sweden is undeveloped which increases the uncertainty of the calculations, but if the trend follows that of Germany, the economic prospects are strong.
Zanzi, Rolando. "Pyrolysis of biomass. Rapid pyrolysis at high temperature. Slow pyrolysis for active carbon preparation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3180.
Full textPyrolysis of biomass consists of heating solid biomass inthe absence of air to produce solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.In the first part of this thesis rapid pyrolysis of wood(birch) and some agricultural residues (olive waste, sugarcanebagasse and wheat straw in untreated and in pelletized form) athigh temperature (800ºC1000ºC) is studied ina free fall reactor at pilot scale. These conditions are ofinterest for gasification in fluidized beds. Of main interestare the gas and char yields and compositions as well as thereactivity of the produced char in gasification.
A higher temperature and smaller particles increase theheating rate resulting in a decreased char yield. The crackingof the hydrocarbons with an increase of the hydrogen content inthe gaseous product is favoured by a higher temperature and byusing smaller particles. Wood gives more volatiles and lesschar than straw and olive waste. The higher ash content inagricultural residues favours the charring reactions. Charsfrom olive waste and straw are more reactive in gasificationthan chars from birch because of the higher ash content. Thecomposition of the biomass influences the product distribution.Birch and bagasse give more volatiles and less char thanquebracho, straw and olive waste. Longer residence time inrapid pyrolysis increase the time for contact between tar andchar which makes the char less reactive. The secondary charproduced from tar not only covers the primary char but alsoprobably encapsulates the ash and hinders the catalytic effectof the ash. High char reactivity is favoured by conditionswherethe volatiles are rapidly removed from the particle, i.e.high heating rate, high temperature and small particles.
The second part of this thesis deals with slow pyrolysis inpresence of steam for preparation of active carbon. Theinfluence of the type of biomass, the type of reactor and thetreatment conditions, mainly temperature and activation time,on the properties and the yield of active carbons are studied.The precursors used in the experiments are birch (wood) anddifferent types of agricultural residues such as sugarcanebagasse, olive waste, miscanthus pellets and straw in untreatedand pelletized form.
The results from the pyrolysis of biomass in presence ofsteam are compared with those obtained in inert atmosphere ofnitrogen. The steam contributes to the formation of solidresidues with high surface area and good adsorption capacity.The yield of liquid products increases significantly at theexpense of the gaseous and solid products. Large amount ofsteam result in liquid products consisting predominantly ofwater-soluble polar compounds.
In comparison to the stationary fixed bed reactor, therotary reactor increases the production of energy-rich gases atthe expense of liquid products.
The raw materials have strong effect on the yields and theproperties of the pyrolysis products. At equal time oftreatment an increase of the temperature results in a decreaseof the yield of solid residue and improvement of the adsorptioncapacity until the highest surface area is reached. Furtherincrease of the temperature decreases the yield of solidproduct without any improvement in the adsorption capacity. Therate of steam flow influences the product distribution. Theyield of liquid products increases while the gas yielddecreases when the steam flow is increased.
Keywords: rapid pyrolysis, pyrolysis, wood, agriculturalresidues,biomass, char, tar, gas, char reactivity,gasification, steam, active carbon
Klug, Michael. "Pyrolysis -- a process to "melt" biomass." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101157.
Full textPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that occurs in absence of oxygen. The pyrolysis process has three stages: feeding and dosing of raw materials, transformation of the organic mass and, finally, collection and separation of the products (coke, oil and gas). The pilot plant of the PUCP can produce second generation biofuels from organic waste and this responds to the challenge of a sustainable developmentof bioenergy in Peru.
Oh, Myongsook Susan. "Softening coal pyrolysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15245.
Full textMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 275-284.
by Myongsook Susan Oh.
Sc.D.
Safdari, Mohammad Saeed. "Characterization of Pyrolysis Products from Fast Pyrolysis of Live and Dead Vegetation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8807.
Full textOfoma, Ifedinma. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyolefins." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10439.
Full textHugo, Thomas Johannes. "Pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5238.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world’s depleting fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions have given rise to much research into renewable and cleaner energy. Biomass is unique in providing the only renewable source of fixed carbon. Agricultural residues such as Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) are feedstocks for ‘second generation fuels’ which means they do not compete with production of food crops. In South Africa approximately 6 million tons of raw SB is produced annually, most of which is combusted onsite for steam generation. In light of the current interest in bio-fuels and the poor utilization of SB as energy product in the sugar industry, alternative energy recovery processes should be investigated. This study looks into the thermochemical upgrading of SB by means of pyrolysis. Biomass pyrolysis is defined as the thermo-chemical decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen or other reactants. Slow Pyrolysis (SP), Vacuum Pyrolysis (VP), and Fast Pyrolysis (FP) are studied in this thesis. Varying amounts of char and bio-oil are produced by the different processes, which both provide advantages to the sugar industry. Char can be combusted or gasified as an energy-dense fuel, used as bio-char fertilizer, or upgraded to activated carbon. High quality bio-oil can be combusted or gasified as a liquid energy-dense fuel, can be used as a chemical feedstock, and shows potential for upgrading to transport fuel quality. FP is the most modern of the pyrolysis technologies and is focused on oil production. In order to investigate this process a 1 kg/h FP unit was designed, constructed and commissioned. The new unit was tested and compared to two different FP processes at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) in Germany. As a means of investigating the devolatilization behaviour of SB a Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) study was conducted. To investigate the quality of products that can be obtained an experimental study was done on SP, VP, and FP. Three distinct mass loss stages were identified from TGA. The first stage, 25 to 110°C, is due to evaporation of moisture. Pyrolitic devolatilization was shown to start at 230°C. The final stage occurs at temperatures above 370°C and is associated with the cracking of heavier bonds and char formation. The optimal decomposition temperatures for hemicellulose and cellulose were identified as 290°C and 345°C, respectively. Lignin was found to decompose over the entire temperature range without a distinct peak. These results were confirmed by a previous study on TGA of bagasse. SP and VP of bagasse were studied in the same reactor to allow for accurate comparison. Both these processes were conducted at low heating rates (20°C/min) and were therefore focused on char production. Slow pyrolysis produced the highest char yield, and char calorific value. Vacuum pyrolysis produced the highest BET surface area chars (>300 m2/g) and bio-oil that contained significantly less water compared to SP bio-oil. The short vapour residence time in the VP process improved the quality of liquids. The mechanism for pore formation is improved at low pressure, thereby producing higher surface area chars. A trade-off exists between the yield of char and the quality thereof. FP at Stellenbosch University produced liquid yields up to 65 ± 3 wt% at the established optimal temperature of 500°C. The properties of the bio-oil from the newly designed unit compared well to bio-oil from the units at FZK. The char properties showed some variation for the different FP processes. At the optimal FP conditions 20 wt% extra bio-oil is produced compared to SP and VP. The FP bio-oil contained 20 wt% water and the calorific value was estimated at 18 ± 1 MJ/kg. The energy per volume of FP bio-oil was estimated to be at least 11 times more than dry SB. FP was found to be the most effective process for producing a single product with over 60% of the original biomass energy. The optimal productions of either high quality bio-oil or high surface area char were found to be application dependent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die uitputting van fossielbrandstofreserwes, en die toenemende vrystelling van kweekhuisgasse word daar tans wêreldwyd baie navorsing op hernubare en skoner energie gedoen. Biomassa is uniek as die enigste bron van hernubare vaste koolstof. Landbouafval soos Suikerriet Bagasse (SB) is grondstowwe vir ‘tweede generasie bio-brandstowwe’ wat nie die mark van voedselgewasse direk affekteer nie. In Suid Afrika word jaarliks ongeveer 6 miljoen ton SB geproduseer, waarvan die meeste by die suikermeulens verbrand word om stoom te genereer. Weens die huidige belangstelling in bio-brandstowwe en ondoeltreffende benutting van SB as energieproduk in die suikerindustrie moet alternatiewe energie-onginningsprosesse ondersoek word. Hierdie studie is op die termo-chemiese verwerking van SB deur middel van pirolise gefokus. Biomassa pirolise word gedefinieer as die termo-chemiese afbreking van organiese bio-materiaal in die afwesigheid van suurstof en ander reagense. Stadige Pirolise (SP), Vakuum Pirolise (VP), en Vinnige Pirolise word in hierdie tesis ondersoek. Die drie prosesse produseer veskillende hoeveelhede houtskool en bio-olie wat albei voordele bied vir die suikerindustrie. Houtskool kan as ‘n vaste energie-digte brandstof verbrand of vergas word, as bio-houtskoolkompos gebruik word, of kan verder tot geaktiveerde koolstof geprosesseer word. Hoë kwaliteit bio-olie kan verbrand of vergas word, kan as bron vir chemikalië gebruik word, en toon potensiaal om in die toekoms opgegradeer te kan word tot vervoerbrandstof kwaliteit. Vinnige pirolise is die mees moderne pirolise tegnologie en is op bio-olie produksie gefokus. Om die laasgenoemde proses te toets is ‘n 1 kg/h vinnige pirolise eenheid ontwerp, opgerig en in werking gestel. Die nuwe pirolise eenheid is getoets en vegelyk met twee verskillende vinnige pirolise eenhede by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) in Duitsland. Termo-Gravimetriese Analise (TGA) is gedoen om die ontvlugtigingskenmerke van SB te bestudeer. Eksperimentele werk is verrig om die kwaliteit van produkte van SP, VP, vinnige pirolise te vergelyk. Drie duidelike massaverlies fases van TGA is geïdentifiseer. Die eerste fase (25 – 110°C) is as gevolg van die verdamping van vog. Pirolitiese ontvlugtiging het begin by 230°C. Die finale fase (> 370°C) is met die kraking van swaar verbindings en die vorming van houtskool geassosieer. Die optimale afbrekingstemperatuur vir hemisellulose en sellulose is as 290°C en 345°C, respektiewelik, geïdentifiseer. Daar is gevind dat lignien stadig oor die twede en derde fases afgebreek word sonder ‘n duidelike optimale afbrekingstemperatuur. Die resultate is deur vorige navorsing op TGA van SB bevestig. SP en VP van bagasse is in dieselfde reaktor bestudeer, om ‘n akkurate vergelyking moontlik te maak. Beide prosesse was by lae verhittingstempo’s (20°C/min) ondersoek, wat gevolglik op houtskoolformasie gefokus is. SP het die hoogste houtskoolopbrengs, met die hoogste verbrandingsenergie, geproduseer. VP het hootskool met die hoogste BET oppervlakarea geproduseer, en die bio-olie was weens ‘n dramatiese afname in waterinhoud van beter gehalte. Die meganisme vir die vorming van ‘n poreuse struktuur word deur lae atmosferiese druk verbeter. Daar bestaan ‘n inverse verband tussen die kwantiteit en kwaliteit van die houtskool. Vinnige pirolise by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch het ‘n bio-olie opbrengs van 65 ± 3 massa% by ‘n vooraf vasgestelde optimale temperatuur van 500°C geproduseer. Die eienskappe van bio-olie wat deur die nuwe vinnige pirolise eenheid geproduseer is het goed ooreengestem met die bio-olie afkomstig van FZK se pirolise eenhede. Die houtskool eienskappe van die drie pirolise eenhede het enkele verskille getoon. By optimale toestande vir vinnige pirolise word daar 20 massa% meer bio-olie as by SP en VP geproduseer. Vinnige pirolise bio-olie het ‘n waterinhoud van 20 massa% en ‘n verbrandingswarmte van 18 ± 1 MJ/kg. Daar is gevind dat ten opsigte van droë SB die energie per enheidsvolume van bio-olie ongeveer 11 keer meer is. Vinnige pirolise is die mees doeltreffende proses vir die vervaardiging van ‘n produk wat meer as 60% van die oorspronklike biomassa energie bevat. Daar is gevind dat die optimale hoeveelhede van hoë kwaliteit bio-olie en hoë oppervlakarea houtskool doelafhanklik is.
Joubert, Jan-Erns. "Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80179.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent times, governments around the world have placed increasing focus on cleaner technologies and sustainable methods of power generation in an attempt to move away from fossil fuel derived power, which is deemed unsustainable and unfriendly to the environment. This trend has also been supported by the South African government, with clear intentions to diversify the country’s power generation by including, among others, biomass as a renewable resource for electricity generation. Woody biomass and associated forestry residues in particular, could potentially be used as such a renewable resource when considering the large amount of fast growing hardwood species cultivated in South Africa. Approximately 6.3 million ton of Eucalyptus grandis is sold annually for pulp production while a further 7 million ton of Eucalyptus species are sold as round wood. With these tree species reaching commercial maturity within 7 – 9 years in the South African climate, there is real potential in harnessing woody biomass as a renewable energy source. In this study, pyrolysis was investigated as a method to condense and upgrade E.grandis into energy and chemical rich products. The pyrolysis of E.grandis is the study of the thermal degradation of the biomass, in the absence of oxygen, to produce char and bio-oil. The thermal degradation behaviour of E.grandis was studied using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany and subsequently used to determine the isoconversional kinetic constants for E.grandis and its main lignocellulosic components. Slow, Vacuum and Fast Pyrolysis were investigated and optimised to maximise product yields and to identify the key process variables affecting product quality. The Fast Pyrolysis of E.grandis was investigated and compared on bench (KIT0.1 kg/h), laboratory (SU1 kg/h) and pilot plant scale (KIT10 kg/h), using Fast Pyrolysis reactors at Stellenbosch University (SU) in South Africa and at KIT in Germany. The Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis of E.grandis was investigated and compared using a packed bed reactor at Stellenbosch University. The TGA revealed that biomass particle size had a negligible effect on the thermal degradation behaviour of E.grandis at a heating rate set point of 50 °C/min. It was also shown that increasing the furnace heating rates shifted the thermo-gravimetric (TG) and differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves towards higher temperatures while also increasing the maximum rate of volatilisation. Lignin resulted in the largest specific char yield and also reacted across the widest temperature range of all the samples investigated. The average activation energies found for the samples investigated were 177.8, 141.0, 106.2 and 170.4 kJ/mol for holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, Klason lignin and raw E.grandis, respectively. Bio-oil yield was optimised at 76 wt. % (daf) for the SU1 kg/h Fast Pyrolysis plant using an average biomass particle size of 570 μm and a reactor temperature of 470 °C. Differences in the respective condensation chains of the various Fast Pyrolysis reactor configurations investigated resulted in higher gas and char yields for the KIT reactor configurations compared to the SU1 kg/h Fast Pyrolysis plant. Differences in the vapour residence time between Slow (>400 s) and Vacuum Pyrolysis (< 2 s) resulted in a higher liquid and lower char yield for Vacuum Pyrolysis. Local liquid yield maxima of 41.1 and 64.4 wt. % daf were found for Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis, respectively (achieved at a reactor temperature of 450 °C and a heating rate of 17 °C/min). Even though char yields were favoured at low reactor temperatures (269 – 300 °C), the higher heating values of the char were favoured at high reactor temperatures (29 – 34 MJ/kg for 375 – 481 °C). Reactor temperature had the most significant effects on product yield and quality for the respective Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis experimental runs. The bio-oils yielded for SP and VP were found to be rich in furfural and acetic acid.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Regerings regoor die wêreld het in die afgelope tyd toenemende fokus geplaas op skoner tegnologie en volhoubare metodes van kragopwekking in 'n poging om weg te beweeg van fossielbrandstof gebasseerde energie, wat geag word as nie volhoubaar nie en skadelik vir die omgewing. Hierdie tendens is ook ondersteun deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, met 'n duidelike bedoeling om die land se kragopwekking te diversifiseer deur, onder andere, biomassa as 'n hernubare bron vir die opwekking van elektrisiteit te gebruik. Houtagtige biomassa en verwante bosbou afval in die besonder, kan potensieel gebruik word as so 'n hernubare hulpbron, veral aangesien ‘n groot aantal vinnig groeiende hardehout spesies tans in Suid-Afrika verbou word. Ongeveer 6,3 miljoen ton Eucalyptus grandis word jaarliks verkoop vir pulp produksie, terwyl 'n verdere 7 miljoen ton van Eucalyptus spesies verkoop word as paal hout. Met hierdie boom spesies wat kommersiële volwassenheid bereik binne 7 - 9 jaar in die Suid-Afrikaanse klimaat, is daar werklike potensiaal vir die benutting van houtagtige biomassa as 'n hernubare energiebron. In hierdie studie is pirolise ondersoek as 'n metode om E.grandis te kondenseer en op te gradeer na energie en chemikalie ryke produkte. Die pirolise van E.grandis is die proses van termiese afbreking van die biomassa, in die afwesigheid van suurstof, om houtskool en bio-olie te produseer. Die termiese afbrekingsgedrag van E.grandis is bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van termo-gravimetriese analise (TGA) by die Karlsruhe Instituut van Tegnologie in Duitsland en daarna gebruik om die kinetiese konstantes vir die iso-omskakeling van E.grandis en sy hoof komponente te bepaal. Stadige, Vakuum en Snel pirolise is ondersoek en geoptimiseer om produk opbrengste te maksimeer en die sleutel proses veranderlikes wat die kwaliteit van die produk beïnvloed te identifiseer. Die Snel Pirolise van E.grandis is ondersoek en vergelyk op bank- (KIT0.1 kg / h), laboratorium- (SU1 kg / h) en proefaanlegskaal (KIT10 kg / h) deur gebruik te maak van Snel pirolise reaktore by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) in Suid-Afrika en die Karlsruhe Instituut van Tegnologie (KIT) in Duitsland. Die Stadige en Vakuum Pirolise van E.grandis is ondersoek en vergelyk met behulp van 'n gepakte bed reaktor aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Die TGA studie het openbaar dat biomassa deeltjiegrootte 'n onbeduidende uitwerking op die termiese afbrekingsgedrag van E.grandis het by 'n verhittings tempo van 50 ° C / min. Dit is ook bewys dat die verhoging van die oond verwarming tempo die termo-gravimetriese (TG) en differensiële termo-gravimetriese (DTG) kurwes na hoër temperature verskuif, terwyl dit ook die maksimum tempo van vervlugtiging laat toeneem het. Lignien het gelei tot die grootste spesifieke houtskool opbrengs en het ook oor die wydste temperatuur interval gereageer van al die monsters wat ondersoek is. Die gemiddelde aktiveringsenergieë vir die monsters wat ondersoek is, was 177,8, 141,0, 106,2 en 170,4 kJ / mol, onderskeidelik vir holosellulose, alpha-sellulose, Klason lignien en rou E.grandis. Bio-olie opbrengs is geoptimeer teen 76 wt. % (DAF) vir die SU1 kg / h Snel Pirolise aanleg met behulp van 'n gemiddelde biomassa deeltjiegrootte van 570 μm en 'n reaktor temperatuur van 470 ° C. Verskille in die onderskeie kondensasie kettings van die verskillende Snel Pirolise aanlegte wat ondersoek is, het gelei tot hoër gas- en houtskool opbrengste vir die KIT reaktor konfigurasies in vergelyking met die SU1kg/h FP plant. Verskille in die damp retensie tyd tussen Stadige (> 400 s) en Vakuum pirolise (<2 s) het gelei tot 'n hoër vloeistof en laer houtskool opbrengs vir Vakuum Pirolise. Plaaslike vloeistof opbrengs maksima van 41,1 en 64,4 wt. % (daf) is gevind vir Stadig en Vakuum pirolise onderskeidelik, bereik by 'n reaktor temperatuur van 450 ° C en 'n verhittingstempo van 17 ° C / min. Selfs al is houtskool opbrengste bevoordeel by lae reaktor temperature (269 - 300 ° C), is die hoër warmte waardes van die houtskool bevoordeel deur hoë reaktor temperature (29 - 34 MJ / kg vir 375 - 481 ° C). Reaktor temperatuur het die mees beduidende effek op die produk opbrengs en kwaliteit vir die onderskeie Stadige Pirolise en Vakuum Pirolise eksperimentele lopies gehad. Die bio-olies geproduseer tydens Stadige en Vakuum Pirolise was ryk aan furfuraal en asynsuur.
Books on the topic "Pyrolsis"
Canada. Defence Research Establishment Atlantic. Multitemperature Pyrolsis Gas Chromatography For the Identification of Elastomeric Materials. S.l: s.n, 1985.
Find full textSam, Karen D., and Thomas P. Wampler, eds. Analytical Pyrolysis Handbook. 3rd ed. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Revised edition of: Applied pyrolysis handbook / edited by Thomas P. Wampler. 2nd ed. c2007.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429201202.
Full text1948-, Wampler Thomas P., ed. Applied pyrolysis handbook. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.
Find full textPeacocke, George Vernon Cordner. Ablative pyrolysis of biomass. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1994.
Find full textvan Oost, Guido, Milan Hrabovsky, and Michal Jeremias. Plasma Gasification and Pyrolysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003096887.
Full textSoltes, Ed J., and Thomas A. Milne, eds. Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0376.
Full textBrown, Robert C., and Kaige Wang, eds. Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010245.
Full textHammond, Timothy. A study of polystyrene pyrolysis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.
Find full textHancox, Robert Neil. Polystyrene pyrolysis: Kinetics and mechanisms. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.
Find full textAlmond, C. S. Organic geochemistry: Rock-eval pyrolisis data summary, southern Eromanga Basin, Queensland \. [Brisbane: Geological Survey of Queensland, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pyrolsis"
Dörr, Mark. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1393. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1317.
Full textGooch, Jan W. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 598. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9658.
Full textDörr, Mark. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2097. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1317.
Full textLautenberger, Chris. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_4-1.
Full textLautenberger, Chris. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 863–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_4.
Full textSolomon, Peter R., and David G. Hamblen. "Pyrolysis." In Chemistry of Coal Conversion, 121–251. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3632-5_5.
Full textHornung, Andreas. "Pyrolysis." In Transformation of Biomass, 99–112. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118693643.ch4.
Full textKolanowski, Bernard F. "Pyrolysis." In Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook, 183–93. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207382-24.
Full textDörr, Mark. "Pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1317-2.
Full textHornung, Andreas. "Biomass biomass Pyrolysis biomass pyrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1517–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_258.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pyrolsis"
B, Prabakaran. "Influence of Engine Operating Parameters on the Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Plastic Pyrolsis Oil." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0440.
Full textTikhonov, V. I., P. N. Moskalev, and V. K. Kapustin. "The Carbon Matrices Made of Pyrolised Phtalocyanines as a Base for Encapsulation of the Long-Lived Nuclides of Iodine, Technetium and Minor Actinides." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7084.
Full textFantozzi, Francesco, Paolo Laranci, and Gianni Bidini. "CFD Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis Syngas vs. Natural Gas in a Microturbine Annular Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23473.
Full textArumsari, Alif Gita, Jemmy Wibowo, Rasino Setiawan, Mukhammad Yazid Fadlulloh, and Pandit Hernowo. "Kinetics reaction of the Flynn Wall Ozawa method on sawdust pyrolisis using a small scale pyrolysis apparatus." In THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116080.
Full textZhu, Baozhong, and Yunlan Sun. "Co-pyrolysis Polystyrene/Fir: Pyrolysis Characteristics and Pyrolysis Kinetic Studies." In 2011 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2011.198.
Full textGupta, Ashwani K., and Eugene L. Keating. "Pyrolysis and Oxidative Pyrolysis of Polystyrene." In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0055.
Full textThankachan, Smitha, Robin Xeona, Alwin Roy, Dibin George, and Kiran Sasidharan. "Waste plastic pyrolysis." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: STAM 20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017572.
Full text"Model analysis of biomass pyrolysis and a new model of pyrolysis." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162461006.
Full textZhang, Xiaodong, Min Xu, Rongfeng Sun, and Li Sun. "Study on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68350.
Full textScoggins, James, and Hassan Hassan. "Pyrolysis Mechanism of PICA." In 10th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4655.
Full textReports on the topic "Pyrolsis"
Grosjean, E., D. S. Edwards, C. J. Boreham, Z. Hong, J. Chen, N. Jinadasa, and T. Buckler. Rock-Eval pyrolsis dat from Waukarlycarly 1, Canning Basin, Australia: destructive analysis report 2020-003. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.006.
Full textWomat, Mary J., Michelle L. Somers, Jennifer W. McClaine, Jorge O. Ona, and Elmer B. Ledesma. Supercritical Fuel Pyrolysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469734.
Full textSeery, D. J., J. D. Freihaut, W. M. Proscia, J. B. Howard, W. Peters, J. Hsu, M. Hajaligol, et al. Kinetics of coal pyrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6307052.
Full textZamecnik, Robert. Tire Pyrolysis Feasibility Study Approach. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1482998.
Full textSugama, T. Pre-Ceramic Monocomposite and Ceramic Coatings by Sol-Gel-Pyrolysis and Slurry-Pyrolysis Processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770457.
Full textSeery, D. J., J. D. Freihaut, and W. M. Proscia. Kinetics of coal pyrolysis and devolatilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5248874.
Full textSeery, D. J., J. D. Freihaut, and W. M. Proscia. Kinetics of coal pyrolysis and devolatilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5180127.
Full textArzoumanidis, G. G., M. J. McIntosh, and E. J. Steffensen. Catalytic pyrolysis of automobile shredder residue. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/95489.
Full textMarinangelli, Richard, Edwin Boldingh, Stella Cabanban, Zhihao Fei, Graham Ellis, Richard Bain, David Hsu, and Douglas C. Elliott. Pyrolysis Oil to Gasoline-Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1567776.
Full textBurnham, A. K. Relationship between hydrous and ordinary pyrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185297.
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