Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pyroclastite'
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Hughes, Simon. "Transport and deposition in pyroclastic surges." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340837.
Full textTremblay, Élisabeth. "Sédimentologie des volcanoclastites de la formation de Beauceville, Appalaches du Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textRowley, Pete. "Analogue modelling of pyroclastic density current deposition." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/88a78dfe-a825-5663-2af7-835ddd9f4cb3/8/.
Full textDouillet, Guilhem Amin. "Flow and sedimentation of pyroclastic density currents." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-182857.
Full textCalarge, Liane Maria. "Etude minéralogique et géochimique des bentonites du sud du bassin du Parana (Acegua, Brésil et Melo, Uruguay)." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2320.
Full textSome tonsteins and bentonite beds are interlaminated in the Permian sedimentary formations of the Parana Basin. Two bentonite beds have been studied in Acegua (Brazil, RS) and Melo (Uruguay. They form massive pink layers, the composition of which is nearly monomineralic: pure well crystallized montmorillonite ([Si3. 94 Al0. 06] O10 (Al1. 40 Fe3+0. 11 Ti0. 02 Mg0. 49 Mn0. 01) (OH)2 Na0. 01 K0. 08 Ca0. 18). According to expandability differences in the Ca-, K- and K-Ca-saturated states, the smectite appears to be composed of 5 types of layers. Spider diagrams show that the montmorillonite derives from rhylotic and rhyo-dacitic volcanic glass at Melo and Acegua respectively. The bentonite bed of Melo result from the alteration of two ash deposits. The high amounts of calcium in smectites is due to alteration in lagoon water oversaturated with respect to calcite
Calder, Eliza Shona. "Dynamics of small to intermediate volume pyroclastic flows." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297925.
Full textKaminski, Édouard. "Deux aspects de la dynamique des fluides géologiques : (1) : le volcanisme explosif (2) : les panaches thermiques laminaires et leur interaction avec la lithosphère." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077237.
Full textMetrich, Nicole. "Mécanismes d'évolution à l'origine des magmas potassiques d'Italie centrale et méridionale : exemples du Mont Somma-Vésuve, des Champs Phlégréens et de l'île de Ventotène /." Saclay : Centre d'études nucléaires, Laboratoire Pierre Süe, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb348682408.
Full textWhitham, A. G. "Transport and deposition of pyroclastic materials in subaqueous environments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355512.
Full textLagmay, Alfredo Mahar Francisco Amante. "Studies on explosive eruptions and emplacement of pyroclastic flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.622006.
Full textAnanou, Bouchra. "Etude par résonnance paramagnétique électronique de sédiments volcaniques du Trapp d'Ethiopie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30022.
Full textSediments of the Ethiopian Trapp, containing four sequences of ashes were studied by EPR (4K-1200K). The aim is to identify the magnetic signals and to determine the origin of the four events. Complementary informations were supplied by magnetization measurements, determination of chemical phases and morphologies of the ashes. The analysis of results suggests a same origin of the events and shows a ferromagnetic contribution coexisting with a paramagnetic signal in the ashes. Results in the temperature range confirm the study at 300K and allow to identify the nature and the origin of the EPR lines in the spectra : 1) a paramagnetic signal, at g = 4. 3, attributed to isolated Fe3+ ions; 2) a paramagnetic signal, at g = 2. 03, attributed to Mn2+ ions in the carbonates; 3) a main ferromagnetic signal, at g = 2. 14, attributed to Fe2+ / Fe3+ ions localized in the nanoinclusions of the ashes
Emery, William Daniel. "Geology and Eruptive History of the Late Oligocene Nathrop Volcanics, Central Colorado Volcanic Field." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1299733477.
Full textDoyle, Emma EsmeÌ. "Analogue and numerical modelling of gravity currents and pyroclastic flows." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443693.
Full textAït, Saadi Saïd. "Contribution à l'étude de l'environnement paléovolcanique du protozoique supérieur (PIII) et du mode de genèse des concentrations polymetalliques (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au) de Bou-Madine (Ougnat, Anti-Atlas oriental, Maroc)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL030N.
Full textRitchie, Lucy Jane. "Field and experimental studies of pyroclastic density currents and their associated deposits." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/595146.
Full textBardot, Leon. "Explosive volcanism on Santorini : palaeomagnetic estimation of emplacement temperatures of pyroclastics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360162.
Full textSilva, Parejas Carolina. "Evolution and dynamics of the 3. 6 Ka Bp Pucon eruption of Villarica volcano, Chile." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21850.
Full textArthurs, James Melvin. "The nature of sensitivity in rhyolitic pyroclastic soils from New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6986.
Full textBenage, Mary Catherine. "The thermal evolution and dynamics of pyroclasts and pyroclastic density currents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53962.
Full textCampbell, Bruce A., Gareth A. Morgan, Jennifer L. Whitten, Lynn M. Carter, Lori S. Glaze, and Donald B. Campbell. "Pyroclastic flow deposits on Venus as indicators of renewed magmatic activity." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625517.
Full textGaudet, Matthew A. "The Renard 65 kimberlites : emplacement-related processes in Kimberley-type pyroclastic kimberlites." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60286.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
Rodrigues, Afonso Dias Ana Sofia. "The effect of vegetation on slope stability of shallow pyroclastic soil covers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG002/document.
Full textThe effect of the local vegetation, composed of cultivated Castanea sativa, on slope stability was investigated on a test site in Mount Faito (Campania, Southern Italy). In Campania, shallow pyroclastic soil covers are susceptible to landslides triggered by rainfall. Prolonged rainfall periods followed by extreme short-term rainfall events trigger fast moving and highly destructive landslides in road cuts and pyroclastic scarps on rocky cliffs in the areas surrounding the Vesuvius volcano.Undisturbed pyroclastic soil samples containing roots of mature C. sativa were used for hydraulic characterization through an extensive set of laboratory experiments. Saturated permeability, evaporation and imbibition response, water content for high suction ranges, and the root dry biomass were determined.The presence of roots increased the hydraulic permeability by one order of magnitude in the most surficial soil (10-7 to 10-6 m s-1) and decreased the air-entry value of the water retention curves (6 to 4 kPa). The variability of soil permeability among soil layers was identified as conditioning of the groundwater flow with regard to the speed of the wetting front movement and generation of positive pore-water pressures within the soil profile. The calibration of hysteretic model to characterize natural pyroclastic soil provided a more approximate manner of modelling in situ hydraulic responses. A good agreement between the model and the field observations was obtained.Field monitoring was performed with the intent of showing that the distribution of roots of C. sativa is associated to the groundwater regime. The spatial and vertical distribution of root density and traits were quantified for C. sativa roots collected from several boreholes performed in Mount Faito. Minimum suction, minimum water content and minimum gradient (indicative of downward water flow), were monitored throughout the year and related to root distribution and spatial distribution of trees. An increasing root density was found to be associated to lower values of suction and higher gradients of infiltration, which can potentially have a negative influence of the slope stability.A modelling investigation on the mechanical reinforcement of soil by tree roots allowed us to understand the importance of hydraulic and mechanic components on the stability of a slope. Roots increase greatly the shear strength of soil (up to 25.8 kPa) through mechanical reinforcement and consequently, the safety factor of the slope increased significantly. Considering the root reinforcement in the estimation of potential failure surfaces safety factor showed that the weakest failure surface was found at 2.2 m, where the root reinforcement was 1.3 kPa, instead of 0.9 m without the root reinforcement of 13.8 kPa. The weakest failure surface found was in agreement with the failure surfaces observed from previous landslides. The test site did not present the characteristics of a landslide triggering area. The slope angle of the landslide triggering areas (35° to 45°) can easily exceed the soil friction angle (36.5° to 38.5°) and the hydraulic effect would not be enough to guarantee the stability of the slope during the wet season (0 to 10 kPa). However, the root reinforcement was estimated to be able to sustain the slopes until an angle of 42°.Therefore, the presence of tree roots was found to affect hydraulically and mechanically stability of pyroclastic soil covers. Such conclusions may be extended to the areas of Campania where C. sativa plantations are present. The hydraulic effect of vegetation was greatly compensated by the mechanical reinforcement of roots
Menieux, Jean-Jacques. "Exploration de réponses métaboliques des andosols soumis à des durées brèves d'incubation." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112040.
Full textAndosols proceed from volcanic ashes. Their originality lies in the presence of allophane, a clay which is amorphous to X-rays and with a net positive charge. This mineral colloïd, through its very strong retention power towards anions and its hydratation capacity, regulates the energy flux in this type of soil very efficiently. The energetical anions are thus removed from the microbial catabolism. The same holds true with enzymes, and among them, the dehydrogenases adsorbed by the colloïd complex. An input of mineral P releases these two groups of substances. Research has been done on samples from la Réunion and the great Comoro Islands. These investigations have been essentially oriented in three directions: water-exchange capacity of andosols as 1inked to the relations between C mineralization and the physical ambiental conditions, the effect of a Pm input on dehydrogenase activity. The exploration covers short incubation periods from 1h to 5d. This first phase, little explored, proves that there are original metabolic rearrangements and not simply a chronological prefiguration of the results obtained on longer terms: 5 to 35d. For that purpose, original incubation chambers have been constructed. The results thus obtained yielded a coherent whole which demonstrated the complexity of equilibria around the allophane and which allows us to express recommendations related to agricultural practice towards an improved development of these soils
Poulenard, Jérôme. "Les sols des Páramos d'Équateur sur couverture pyroclastique : diversité, genèse et propriétés physiques." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0197_POULENARD.pdf.
Full textMeruane, Carolina. "Equations continues pour l'étude de la dynamique des écoulements granulaires denses hétèrogènes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719232.
Full textGravley, Darren MClurg. "The Ohakuri pyroclastic deposits and the evolution of the Rotorua-Ohakuri volcanotectonic depression." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5465.
Full textThomas, Richard Marcus Edward. "Determination of the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposits by theoretical and paleomagnetic methods." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335753.
Full textPaterson, Greig Alexander. "Assessment of the usefulness of lithic clasts from pyroclastic deposits as paleomagnetic recorders." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72056/.
Full textCapobianco, Vittoria. "The effects of roots on the hydro-mecanical behavior of unsaturated pyroclastic soils." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3040.
Full textPyroclastic soils are widely diffused all over the world and they are characterized by high porosity and an open metastable internal structure. In situ they usually cover the shallowest layers of slopes in unsaturated conditions. As consequence, they are often involved in rainfall induced flow-like landslides triggered, during the rainy season, by water infiltration in unsaturated pyroclastic soils on steep slopes. The rain water infiltration leads to the volumetric collapse of the metastable structure in unsaturated conditions, and to liquefaction in fully saturated conditions. Once triggered, the propagating mass can reach great distances and cause many damages when it impacts with structures or infrastructures. These damages can be count as loss of life and economic damages. As risk mitigation measures for these rainfall induced flow-like landslides, structural and passive control works such as dissipative basins and/or brindles have been usually adopted over the centuries. An alternative sustainable risk mitigation measure can be represented by bio-engineering techniques, since they use natural elements such as woods or vegetation for stabilizing slopes prone to failure. The effectiveness of bio-engineering practices depends firstly on the soil properties. This aspect was investigated by carring out an experimental study on the effect of soil nutrients on the plant growth and how this is reflected on the soil hydraulic response. It was found that nutrient availability in soil enhance the plant growth, particularly the root number, and this increases the effectiveness of the vegetation on induced soil suction during evapotranspiration. After this preliminary study, the hydro-mechanical behavior of pyroclastic soils (widely known as rich in nutrients) permeated by roots of perennial graminae, typically used for controlling surface erosion, was investigated. From drying (Evapotranspiration) and wetting (Infiltration) test results it can be claimed that the presence of roots influences mostly the shallowest layers of the soil (up to 1.2 m). In particular, during drying the effect of roots on induced soil suction is highlighted in dry season, when air temperatures are high and the vegetation is florid. On the other hand, during wetting, the presence of roots tends to delay the water infiltration, even if the magnitude of suction reduction depends on the initial condition. Oedometer tests provided original insigths on the role of roots on the internal structure of these collapsible soils. In particular, it was found that during root growth, the soil structure tends to reduce its porosity and this is reflected into a reduction of the collapsibility of the root permeated soil during wetting in unsaturated condition. Shear strength of rooted soil, performed trough consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests, show that the presence of roots increases both total cohesion and the internal friction angle, proportionally with the root biomass in the soil. Moreover, consolidate triaxial test results in undrained conditions showed that during post-failure stage the presence of roots reduces drastically the increment of pore water pressures avoiding the probability of static liquefaction of the material. All those insights allow having a basic framework to design further experimental investigations in order to consider this technique a sustainable risk mitigation measure in unsaturated pyroclastic soils of the Campania region. [edited by author]
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Formenti, Yvan. "Etude de la production et de la mobilité des écoulements pyroclastiques à Montserrat (Antilles)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21350.
Full textPlatevoet, Richard. "Diversité des formations pyroclastiques S. L. Du strato-volcan du Cantal (miocène ; Massif Central français) : élaboration d'une méthodologie de corrélation (dynamismes volcaniques : minéralogie ; magnétisme de roches et radiochronologie)." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10140.
Full textPetriello, John A. Jr. "Thicknesses and Density-Current Velocities of a Low-Aspect Ratio Ignimbrite at the Pululagua Volcanic Complex, Ecuador, Derived from Ground Penetrating Radar." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3819.
Full textHobson, Kate Elizabeth. "The pyroclastic deposits and eruption history of Ascension Island : a palaeomagnetic and volcanological study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2607a9e5-8147-402a-adab-bab4bfe8372f.
Full textTierz, Lopez Pablo <1986>. "Modeling Uncertainty in Volcanic Hazards with Focus on Pyroclastic Density Currents from Neapolitan Volcanoes." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8036/1/TierzLopez_Pablo_tesi_frontespizio.pdf.
Full textEvans, Emily E. "Mid Jurassic pyroclastics of the Mawson Formation in the Prince Albert Mountains : products of phreatomagmatism /." Connect to resource, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28571.
Full textDujardin, Jean-Rémi. "Imagerie géoradar (GPR) en milieu hétérogène : application aux failles actives en Mongolie et aux dépôts pyroclastiques du Tungurahua (Equateur)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH008/document.
Full textGeoradar is a high frequency (>10MHz) electromagnetic method used to prospect near surface. When a topography is present, GPR images are distorted. To restore the true geometry of reflexions, we coded an migration algorithm which takes the topography into account. The method is first demonstrate on a simple synthetic model, and then succesfully applied on real data. However, migration algorithms bring noise to the data. Two methods have then been tested to avoid and remove it. The first one is inherent to the migration algorithm and reduce what is called operator's aliasing. The second one is a filter re-interpolating traces based on a profile containing the slope. Both methods remove inconsistent noise when used with caution, but decrease their quality when used with excess: reflexions presenting dip are the first to be deteriorated, as well as reflexions below strong topography. In a second chapter, we successfully used GPR in a paleo-sismology context in Mongolia. The use of two frequencies (50 and 500 MHz) as well as comparison with trenches bring complementaries informations on the geometry and possible offset along two faults. In the last chapter, GPR was tested over pyroclastic deposits from the Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador. Again, the combination of several frequencies (250, 500 and 800 MHz) has proven its efficiency. Main units were obvious with the 250 MHz antenna while the inner architecture of deposits was visible with the 500 and 800 MHz antenna
Ingrin, Jannick. "Microscopie électronique en transmission de géomatériaux : volcanisme : produits pyroclastiques des Antilles; métamorphisme : coesite dans un quartzite alpin." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F066.
Full textRichard, Maryannick. "Géologie et pétrologie d'un jalon de l'arc Taïwan-Luzon : l'île de Batan (Philippines) : étude des nodules mantelliques métasomatisés en enclaves dans les laves calco-alcalines potassiques." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES0001.
Full textLandry, Jacques. "Volcanologie physique et sédimentologie du groupe volcanique de Piché et relations stratigraphiques avec les groupes sédimentaires encaissants de Pontiac et de Cadillac /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textPotvin, Robin. "Étude volcanologique du centre volcanique felsique du lac des Vents, région de Chibougamau /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textHelo, Christoph. "Pyroclastic eruptions in mid-ocean ridge settings - insights from axial seamount, Juan de Fuca ridge and analogue experiments." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106460.
Full textCe travail aborde l'origine et la nature du volcanisme explosif des environnements sous-marins profonds. Des carottes de dépôts volcano-clastiques ont été échantillonnées au volcan Axial, une caldeira basaltique sous-marine située sur la ride médio-océanique Juan de Fuca dans le nord-est du Pacifique. Ces dépôts volcano-clastiques proéminents ressemblent à ceux trouvés sur d'autres sites de ride médio-océanique. Les dépôts sont interprétés comme étant d'origine pyroclastique, donc ayant été formés au cours d'éruptions explosives. Au volcan Axial, le matériel volcano-clastique est composé principalement de fragments de verre basaltique de morphologies diverses, incluant des limu o Pele et des cheveux de Pele. Au cours de cette étude, les caractéristiques morphologiques et la composition en éléments majeurs, traces et volatiles de fragments de verre provenant de plusieurs sections de carottes ont été déterminées. Des inclusions de verre contenues dans des cristaux de plagioclase ont également été analysées afin d'évaluer leur budget en éléments majeurs, traces et volatiles.Les fragments de verre ont une teneur en MgO de 9.4–6.5 %m et des rapports [La/Yb]N généralement entre 0.95 and 1.1, à l'exception d'un groupe d'échantillons ayant des ratios [La/Yb]N de 0.6–0.85. La teneur en CO2 des inclusions de verre fluctue grandement dû au dégazage de décompression avec des mesures variant de 260 à 9160 ppm. L'historique de refroidissement des fragments de verre a été estimé par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage et les résultats indiquent des taux de refroidissement extrêmement rapide de plus de 10^6 K s^-1 durant les éruptions. Les propriétés physiques des fragments, i.e. leurs morphologies et leurs taux de refroidissement, ainsi que le budget du système magmatique en CO2 suggèrent une activité volcanique explosive essentiellement entrainée par les teneurs élevées en CO2 magmatique.Afin de mieux comprendre le comportement éruptif et la fragmentation du magma dans des environnements de haute pression tels les fonds marins, des expériences de décompression ont été menées en utilisant des mélanges de colophane et d'acétone en tant qu'analogue des systèmes magma-gaz. Ces expériences démontrent que les rythmes de montée du magma et sa fragmentation sont influencés par plusieurs paramètres extrinsèques et intrinsèques tels que la concentration de bulles dans le magma avant l'éruption et le diamètre du conduit magmatique. Ces facteurs peuvent faciliter le volcanisme explosif en milieu sous-marin à haute pression.
Lohmar, Silke. "Pétrologie des grands dépôts d'ignimbrites des volcans Villarrica (Lican et Pucon) et Llaima (ignimbrite curacautin), dans les Andes du Sud (Chili)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21851.
Full textGirolami, Laurence. "Dynamique et sédimentation des écoulements pyroclastiques reproduits en laboratoire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21836.
Full textOladottir, Bergrun Arna. "Holocene eruption history and magmatic evolution of the subglacial volcanoes, Grimsvötn, Bárdarbunga and Kverkfjöll beneath Vatnajökull, Iceland." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21940.
Full textYamasato, Hitoshi. "Study on infrasonic waves associated with growth and collapse of dacitic lava dome and pyroclastic flow at Unzen volcano, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182452.
Full textWilliams, Rebecca. "Emplacement of radial pyroclastic density currents over irregular topography : the chemically-zoned, low aspect-ratio Green Tuff ignimbrite, Pantelleria, Italy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10307.
Full textMartin-Barajas, Arturo. "Genèse des champs de nodules polymétalliques dans le bassin indien central." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112120.
Full textBased on morphological, structural, geochemical and stratigrafical studies, two main population of manganese nodules were distinguished in the Central lndian Basin (C. I. B. ). They are hydrogenetic and diagenetic nodules. Three major parameters have directly or indirectly controled their development. Hydrogenetic growths took place at the tops of the topographics highs where were found the condensed series (with interstratified dodules associated ). Diagenetic nodules were localized within the first 40 cm of recent siliceous sediments. Their origin is related with: a) rhyolitic pumice and ash layers which have been produced by the lndonesian volcanic activity, manifested since late Miocene and which have supplied the main of nodules cores. B) The tephra bas been altered and exposed on the sediment-water interface by intraplate tectonics activity (S-N compression), as well as by erosion activity of bottom currents. C) Since Late Pliocene the high productivity belt was characterized by siliceous deposits and favoured the formation of diagenetic nodules. Ln relation to the process of metals concentration, the diagenetic nodules from C. I. B. And those from the equatorial-East Pacifique are comparables? in spite of their distinct evolutionary process
Morisseau, Michel. "Les éruptions hydromagmatiques et les xénolites associés : signification géothermique : exemples de Flores et de Faial (Açores)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112092.
Full textUne étude des dynamismes hydro magmatiques et des xénolites qui leur sont associés a été réalisée sur des centres volcaniques récents des îles de Flores et de Faial (archipel des Açores) afin d'en préciser le contexte géothermique. A Flores, l'étude pétrographique et volcano-structurale met en évidence l'évolution complexe de l'île où se sont succédés, entre autres, deux strato-volcans à structure caldérique, édifiés à partir de magmas alcalins sodiques évoluant des basaltes aux trachytes par un processus de cristallisation fractionnée. Les derniers évènements éruptifs, de nature basaltique et hawaïtique, ont été datés aux environs de 3 000 ans BP. Ces derniers évènements ont évolué d'un dynamisme magmatique (activité strombolienne) à un dynamisme hydro magmatique interne à caractère explosif par des contacts entre eau et magma. L'étude de xénolites associées à cette activité permet de reconstituer les séquences éruptives, d'estimer le niveau des contacts eau-magma à faibles profondeurs et de caractériser, dans l'un des sites, une altération hydrothermale de haute température qui s'est développée dans un système étroit lié à une structure tectonique. A Faial, l'étude de xénolites associées à la dernière éruption plinienne précise l'évolution de l'activité éruptive, d'abord magmatique puis hydro magmatique interne. Les altérations hydrothermales de haute température présentes dans certaines xénolites révèlent la complexité des systèmes hydrothermaux qui se sont développés au cours de l'histoire du volcan central, préférentiellement dans des structures bréchifiées. Ces dynamismes hydro magmatiques, liés à des contacts eau-magma de type interne, traduisent la présence d'aquifères confinés, et donc de réservoirs géothermaux potentiels, au sein d'édifices volcaniques, présence corroborée par la formation d'auréole d'hydroxydes de fer à la surface de certains xénolites, hydrothermalisés ou non
Um estudo dos dinamismos hidromagmaticos e dos xen6litos que lhe estao associados foi realizado nos centros vulcânicos das ilhas das Flores e do Faial (Açores) a fim de precisar o contexto geotérmico. Nas Flores, o estudo petrografico e vulcano-estrutural poe em evidência a evoluçao complexa da ilha, onde sucedaram-se, entre outros, dois estrato-vulcoes corn uma estrutura caldérica. Estes dois vulcoes edificaram-se a partir de magmas alcalinos sodicos, os quais evoluiram por um processo de cristalizaçao fraccionada do basalto ao traquito. Os ultimos acontecimentos eruptivos, de natura basaitica e hawaitica foram datados de aproximadamente 3 000 anos AC. Estes ultimos acontecimentos eruptivos evoluiram de um dinamismo magmatico (actividade estromboliana) a um dinamismo hidromagmatico interno de caracter explosivo devido aos contactos agua-magma. 0 estudo dos xenolitos associados a esta actividade permite a reconstituiçao das diferentes sequências da actividade eruptiva, a estimaçao do nfvel dos contactos agua-magma a pequena profundidade e a caracterisaçao, em um dos sftios, de uma alteraçao hidrotermal de alta temperatura que desenvolveu-se en um sistema estreito associado a uma estrutura tectônica. No Faial, o estudo dos xenolitos associados a ultima erupçao pliniana precisa a evoluçao da actividade eruptiva, inicialmente magmatica, depois hidromagmatica interna. As alteraçoes hidrotermais de alta temperatura, presentes em alguns xen61itos, revelam a complexidade dos sistemas hidrotermais que desenvolveram-se durante a historia do vulcao central, preferencialmente nas estruturas brechificadas. Estes dinamismos hidromagmaticos, ligados à contactos agua-magma do tipo interno, refletem a presença de aqüiféros confinados, e entâo de reservatorios géotérmicos potencias, no seio de ediffcios vulcanicos, presença apoiada pela formaçao de auréolas de hidroxidos de ferro sobre certos xenolitos, hidrotermalisados ou nao
Lefebvre, Christian. "Étude de la genèse des pépérites et de leur contexte volcano-sédimentaire, formation de Blondeau, Chibougamau, Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text"Mémoire présenté en vue de l'obtention de la maîtrise en sciences de la terre" CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 166-171. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Jouannic, Gwenolé. "Caractéristiques physiques et chimiques fines des cendres volcaniques : application à la téphrostratigraphie." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2036/document.
Full textThe challenge of this work was to carry out several tephrostratigraphic studies in various sedimentary environments in order to test the efficiency of classical detection methods of tephra layers. First, analysis has been focused on tephra keys, previously studied in known sites, in Belgium and in the Jura Mountains, in order to update data with current analytical techniques. This work was later expanded to sites from eastern French Massif Central, an area with unexploited tephrostratigraphic potential, which offers the possibility to precise the source of cryptotephras identified in the Jura and Switzerland whose origin was uncertain. This work has been carried out in tephras sampled in loess, carbonate maris and peat allowing to discuss conservation conditions of volcanic deposits. Sorne tephro-chrono-stratigraphic studies show ecological and environmental impacts of volcanic deposits in lakes and peatlands, such as diatom blooms. This thesis allows to discuss this environmental aspect in carbonate maris, i.e. an unfavorable environment for preservation of diatoms